CN113909724A - Method for controlling straightness and position of titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing support plate - Google Patents

Method for controlling straightness and position of titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing support plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113909724A
CN113909724A CN202111219380.4A CN202111219380A CN113909724A CN 113909724 A CN113909724 A CN 113909724A CN 202111219380 A CN202111219380 A CN 202111219380A CN 113909724 A CN113909724 A CN 113909724A
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welding
support plate
straightness
outer ring
position degree
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CN113909724B (en
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宋文清
葛沁
倪建成
杨烁
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AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
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AECC Shenyang Liming Aero Engine Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0006Electron-beam welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/003Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to controlling of welding distortion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/14Titanium or alloys thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process control method for straightness and position of a support plate of a welding case. If necessary, the straightness and position deviation of the support plate can be accurately controlled by using an arc heating correction method again after welding, and finally, the residual stress after welding and correction is effectively reduced through integral vacuum annealing heat treatment. By applying the method, the qualified rate of the straightness and the position of the titanium alloy thin-wall casing support plate of different types can reach 100%, and the straightness and the position of the support plate can reach within 0.1 mm.

Description

Method for controlling straightness and position of titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing support plate
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy thin-wall welding casings with fixed support plates for aero-engines, in particular to a method for controlling straightness and position of a support plate of a titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing.
Background
The titanium alloy thin-wall welding case for the aircraft engine mainly comprises an inner ring, an outer ring and 15-21 support plates with different numbers, wherein the inner ring, the outer ring and the support plates are connected into an integral frame structure through a welding process (tungsten electrode argon arc welding and vacuum electron beam welding), the titanium alloy thin-wall welding case has multiple functions of radial force bearing, axial rectification, structural weight reduction and the like, has the characteristics of high manufacturing maturity, low processing cost and high production efficiency, and is widely applied to a fan air inlet end of a military turbofan engine. However, because the casing has poor rigidity and a large number of welding seams, particularly, the support plate which plays a supporting role is a hollow thin-wall structure and has a weak-rigidity pneumatic appearance, after a large amount of welding stress is superposed, the straightness and the position degree of the support plate are difficult to guarantee, and subsequent combined machining and assembly are directly influenced, for example, when the support plate mills the rear edge, local over-cutting during milling can be formed due to over-poor straightness, and the position of the opposite side is not machined; when the supporting plate is assembled with the adjustable blade, the problem of interference is caused due to the out-of-tolerance position, and the assembly cannot be carried out in serious cases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the straightness and the position of a titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing support plate, which has the following specific scheme:
a method for controlling straightness and position of a titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing support plate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: overall welding sequence selection
Assembling the inner ring and the outer ring on a fixing clamp, penetrating the support plate to the position of the support plate head of the inner ring along a shaped hole arranged on the outer ring, wherein the assembling gap and the misalignment amount between the support plate and the inner/outer ring are not more than 0.1mm, performing argon arc welding positioning welding on the inner ring and the support plate, performing no positioning welding on the outer ring and the support plate, and fixing the outer ring by using a wedge-shaped expansion block with an inner support along the circumferential direction;
step two: design of welding sequence of inner ring and support plate
Before welding, firstly arranging and marking according to a pre-designed welding sequence for welding, wherein the principle is that welding seams at two sides of a support plate are firstly welded and marked by arrows, the starting end of each arrow is the welding seam to be welded later, and the arrows point to the direction of residual stress in welding;
welding the next support plate in a cross-shaped symmetrical welding mode, rechecking two welding seams of every two adjacent support plates after all the support plates are designed according to the welding sequence, and ensuring that the force on the inner sides of the adjacent support plates is inwards and the force on the outer sides of the adjacent support plates is outwards pulled to balance the adjacent support plates; if the welding sequence of the welding seams at the two sides of one or more support plates is not regulated, the welding sequence is designed completely until all the support plates are met or only one support plate does not meet the conditions;
step three: welding of inner ring to support plate
Welding can be carried out according to the welding sequence determined in the second step, and when welding seams at two sides of each support plate, on the premise of ensuring the welding forming quality, the heat input quantity of the later-welded seams is reduced by 5-8% relative to the first-welded seams, so that the influence of the welding residual stress on the straightness and the position degree of the support plate is reduced;
step four: design of welding sequence of outer ring and support plate
The principle of the welding sequence is still a cross-shaped symmetrical welding mode, and the outer ring is uniformly provided with shaped holes corresponding to the support plate, so that the welding seam of the outer ring and the support plate forms a rectangular closed welding seam; adjacent welding seams adopt welding tracks which are alternated clockwise and anticlockwise, and the welding starting position and the welding ending position are adjusted to opposite side positions;
step five: outer ring and support plate welding
Performing electron beam welding positioning welding on the outer ring and the support plate, performing formal welding according to the welding sequence and the welding direction determined in the step four, and arranging lap joint sections at the initial position and the end position, wherein the length of the lap joint sections is 8-10 mm;
step six, welding inspection
Carrying out 100% visual inspection, penetration inspection and X-ray inspection on the welding seam, wherein the surface and internal defects meet the special welding standard; repairing welding seams exceeding the standard, and repeating the steps until the welding seams are qualified;
step seven: checking support plate straightness and position
The straightness of the support plate is detected by a sample plate, and a clearance value-straightness is checked by a feeler gauge and is not more than 0.5 mm; the position degree of the support plate can be detected by three coordinates;
fitting the reference holes of the inner ring and the outer ring to obtain a contrast deviation not greater than 0.4 mm; recording the straightness and position data of the support plate one by one for future use;
step eight: correction of support plate straightness
If the straightness and the position degree of a certain support plate are unqualified, the manual argon arc welding heating is adopted to be matched with argon protection for correction, and the principle is that the straightness of the support plate is firstly corrected by heating, and then the position degree of the support plate is corrected;
when the straightness of the support plate is corrected, heating correction is carried out on the inner ring at the concave side of the bent support plate and the middle section of a welding seam of the support plate, the current is not more than 25A, the welding speed is not lower than 300mm/min, the surface of the welding seam is in a critical melting state, generally, 30mm is heated every time, and the straightness correction value is about 0.2-0.3; correcting the support plate according to the record data of the step seven and detecting until the support plate is qualified;
step eight: correction of position of support plate
The correction of the position degree of the support plate actually refers to the position degree deviation of the inner ring relative to the outer ring; checking the position degree of the support plate according to the Liu in the step again, if the arrow shown by the position degree of the support plate is over 0.4mm in the positive direction or the negative direction, selecting a support plate with larger straightness and the protruding direction opposite to the arrow shown by the position degree, correcting according to the step eight, wherein the straightness correction value of the single support plate is not more than 0.3mm, and detecting the position degree of the support plate again after correcting; the requirement of the position degree of the support plate can be met by correcting 2-3 support plates;
step nine: vacuum heat treatment annealing for eliminating welding residual stress
And after welding and correction are all qualified, vacuum heat treatment is carried out to eliminate welding residual stress.
The preferable scheme of the control method for the straightness and the position of the support plate of the titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing is that in the second step, when welding seams at two sides of each support plate, the heat input of the later-welded seam is reduced by 5% -8% relative to the heat input of the first-welded seam on the premise of ensuring the welding forming quality.
The preferable scheme is that the fixing clamp in the step one is used for fastening the inner ring and the outer ring through a base, an expansion block, a wedge block, an adjusting bolt and a jacking spring;
the inner ring and the outer ring are sleeved on a spigot of a boss arranged on the base, and the outer ring is fixed on the base through a pressure plate and a bolt;
the cushion sets up in base mount pad one side, and the voussoir sets up with the cushion is tangent, and ejecting spring sets up in the below of voussoir, and the unanimous laminating mutually of outer annular face of expansion piece one side to set up on the base, set up in the bolt hole of base through adjusting bolt, rise through adjusting bolt to the outer loop and rise.
The preferable scheme of the control method for the straightness and the position of the titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing support plate is that in the step one, in order to ensure the stable control of the welding heat input, the technical scheme adopts a vacuum electron beam welding process, and other automatic welding processes are also suitable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a process control method for straightness and position of a support plate of a welding case. If necessary, the straightness and position deviation of the support plate can be accurately controlled by using an arc heating correction method again after welding, and finally, the residual stress after welding and correction is effectively reduced through integral vacuum annealing heat treatment. The invention can ensure that the qualified rate of the straightness and the position of the titanium alloy thin-wall casing support plate of different types reaches 100 percent, the straightness and the position of the support plate can reach within 0.1mm, and the residual stress level does not exceed 280MPa after the stress is eliminated by the final heat treatment. The number of the titanium alloy thin-wall welding casings is not less than 100, and the economic value of scrapping due to the out-of-tolerance straightness and position of the titanium alloy thin-wall casing welding support plate is not less than 42 ten thousand yuan per unit multiplied by 100 units, namely 4200 ten thousand yuan.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a titanium alloy thin-wall welded casing;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of weld seams on two sides of an inner ring and a support plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of welding seams at two sides of the inner ring and the support plate in sequence and the direction of residual stress;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the welding track and direction of the outer ring and the support plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of support plate straightness heating correction;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a positional heating calibration of a support plate;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a welding sequence of the inner ring and the support plate;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a welding sequence of the outer ring and the support plate;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a portion of the mounting clip;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a welding case fixture;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the outer ring of the inner ring plate mounted on the fixture.
In the figure, 1-outer ring, 2-inner ring, 3-support plate, 4-datum hole, 5-welding seam, 6-initial position, 7-end position, 8-base, 9-expansion block, 10-wedge block, 11-cushion block, 12-adjusting bolt, 13-jacking spring, 14-outer ring hole and 15-inner ring and support plate welding seam.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, a method for controlling the straightness and the position of a titanium alloy thin-wall welded casing support plate comprises the following steps:
step one, assembling and positioning welding
Assembling the inner ring and the outer ring on a fixing clamp, penetrating the support plate 3 to the position of the support head of the inner ring along the outer ring-shaped hole 14, wherein the assembling gap and the misalignment amount between the support plate 3 and the inner/outer ring are not more than 0.1mm, the inner ring 2 and the support plate 3 are subjected to argon arc welding positioning welding, the outer ring 1 and the support plate 3 are not subjected to positioning welding, and the outer ring 1 is fixed by using a wedge-shaped expansion block 9 with an inner support in the circumferential direction;
step two, electron beam welding of the inner ring and the support plate
Welding according to the sequence numbers of the marks of the inner ring 2 and the support plate 3 in the figure, wherein the total number of the 17 support plates 3 is 34 welding seams 5; when welding seams 5 on two sides of each support plate 3, the heat input of the later-welded seam 5 is reduced by 5% -8% relative to the heat input of the earlier-welded seam on the premise of ensuring the welding forming quality; forming an inner ring and support plate welding seam 15 after welding;
step three, electron beam welding of the support plate and the outer ring
The outer ring 1 and the support plate 3 are firstly subjected to electron beam welding and tack welding, formal welding is carried out according to the welding sequence of the attached drawings, adjacent welding seams adopt clockwise and anticlockwise alternate welding tracks, and the welding starting position 6 and the welding ending position 7 are adjusted to opposite side positions; the starting position 6 and the ending position 7 are provided with lap joint sections, and the length of the lap joint sections is 8-10 mm;
step four, welding inspection
Carrying out 100% visual inspection, penetration inspection and X-ray inspection on the welding seam, wherein the surface and internal defects meet the special welding standard; repairing welding seams exceeding the standard, and repeating the steps until the welding seams are qualified;
step five, checking the straightness and the position degree of the support plate
The straightness of the support plate 3 is detected by a sample plate, and a clearance value (straightness) is checked to be not more than 0.5mm by a feeler gauge; the position degree of the support plate 3 can be detected by three coordinates, and the fitting contrast deviation (position degree) of the reference hole 4 in the attached drawing 1 is not more than 0.4 mm. The straightness and position data of the support plate 3 are recorded one by one for future use;
step six, correcting the straightness of the support plate
The straightness of the No. 14 support plate 3 is checked to be 0.6mm through a sample plate, the straightness of the rest support plates 3 is not more than 0.5mm, the support plates are qualified, manual argon arc welding heating is adopted to be matched with argon protection for correction, heating correction is carried out on the middle section of a welding line of the inner ring at the concave side of the bent support plate and the support plate 3, the current is not more than 25A, the welding speed is not less than 300mm/min, and the heating correction length is 30 mm. The straightness of the No. 14 support plate 3 is checked to be 0.35mm by a sample plate again, and the product is qualified;
step seven, correcting the position degree of the support plate
Checking the position degree of the support plate 3 by three coordinates, checking the position degree of the support plate 3 to be 0.5mm, performing position degree correction by adopting manual argon arc welding heating and matching argon protection, selecting the support plate 3 No. 7 (the straightness is 0.4mm, and the protruding direction is opposite to the position degree direction), performing heating correction according to the step six, and checking the position degree of the support plate to be qualified by three coordinates again;
step eight, eliminating welding residual stress by vacuum heat treatment annealing
And after welding and correction are all qualified, vacuum heat treatment is carried out to eliminate welding residual stress.
The preferable scheme is that the fixing clamp in the step one is used for fastening the inner ring and the outer ring through a base, an expansion block, a wedge block, an adjusting bolt and a jacking spring;
the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2 are sleeved on a spigot of a boss arranged on the base 8, and the outer ring is fixed on the base 8 through a pressure plate and a bolt;
the cushion block 11 is arranged on one side of the mounting seat of the base 8, the wedge block 10 is arranged in a tangent mode with the cushion block 11, the ejection spring 13 is arranged below the wedge block 10, one side of the expansion block 9 is attached to the outer ring 1 in a consistent mode, the expansion block is arranged on the base 8 and is arranged in a bolt hole of the base 8 through the adjusting bolt 12, and the outer ring 1 is tensioned through the adjusting bolt 8.

Claims (4)

1. A control method for straightness and position of a titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing support plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: overall welding sequence selection
Assembling the inner ring and the outer ring on a fixing clamp, penetrating the support plate to the position of the support plate head of the inner ring along a shaped hole arranged on the outer ring, wherein the assembling gap and the misalignment amount between the support plate and the inner/outer ring are not more than 0.1mm, performing argon arc welding positioning welding on the inner ring and the support plate, performing no positioning welding on the outer ring and the support plate, and fixing the outer ring by using a wedge-shaped expansion block with an inner support along the circumferential direction;
step two: design of welding sequence of inner ring and support plate
Before welding, firstly arranging and marking according to a pre-designed welding sequence for welding, wherein the principle is that welding seams at two sides of a support plate are firstly welded and marked by arrows, the starting end of each arrow is the welding seam to be welded later, and the arrows point to the direction of residual stress in welding;
welding the next support plate in a cross-shaped symmetrical welding mode, rechecking two welding seams of every two adjacent support plates after all the support plates are designed according to the welding sequence, and ensuring that the force on the inner sides of the adjacent support plates is inwards and the force on the outer sides of the adjacent support plates is outwards pulled to balance the adjacent support plates; if the welding sequence of the welding seams at the two sides of one or more support plates is not regulated, the welding sequence is designed completely until all the support plates are met or only one support plate does not meet the conditions;
step three: welding of inner ring to support plate
Welding can be carried out according to the welding sequence determined in the second step, and when welding seams at two sides of each support plate, on the premise of ensuring the welding forming quality, the heat input quantity of the later-welded seams is reduced by 5-8% relative to the first-welded seams, so that the influence of the welding residual stress on the straightness and the position degree of the support plate is reduced;
step four: design of welding sequence of outer ring and support plate
The principle of the welding sequence is still a cross-shaped symmetrical welding mode, and the outer ring is uniformly provided with shaped holes corresponding to the support plate, so that the welding seam of the outer ring and the support plate forms a rectangular closed welding seam; adjacent welding seams adopt welding tracks which are alternated clockwise and anticlockwise, and the welding starting position and the welding ending position are adjusted to opposite side positions;
step five: outer ring and support plate welding
Performing electron beam welding positioning welding on the outer ring and the support plate, performing formal welding according to the welding sequence and the welding direction determined in the step four, and arranging lap joint sections at the initial position and the end position, wherein the length of the lap joint sections is 8-10 mm;
step six, welding inspection
Carrying out 100% visual inspection, penetration inspection and X-ray inspection on the welding seam, wherein the surface and internal defects meet the special welding standard; repairing welding seams exceeding the standard, and repeating the steps until the welding seams are qualified;
step seven: checking support plate straightness and position
The straightness of the support plate is detected by a sample plate, and a clearance value-straightness is checked by a feeler gauge and is not more than 0.5 mm; the position degree of the support plate can be detected by three coordinates;
fitting the reference holes of the inner ring and the outer ring to obtain a contrast deviation not greater than 0.4 mm; recording the straightness and position data of the support plate one by one for future use;
step eight: correction of support plate straightness
If the straightness and the position degree of a certain support plate are unqualified, the manual argon arc welding heating is adopted to be matched with argon protection for correction, and the principle is that the straightness of the support plate is firstly corrected by heating, and then the position degree of the support plate is corrected;
when the straightness of the support plate is corrected, heating correction is carried out on the inner ring at the concave side of the bent support plate and the middle section of a welding seam of the support plate, the current is not more than 25A, the welding speed is not lower than 300mm/min, the surface of the welding seam is in a critical melting state, generally, 30mm is heated every time, and the straightness correction value is about 0.2-0.3; correcting the support plate according to the record data of the step seven and detecting until the support plate is qualified;
step eight: correction of position of support plate
The correction of the position degree of the support plate actually refers to the position degree deviation of the inner ring relative to the outer ring; checking the position degree of the support plate according to the Liu in the step again, if the arrow shown by the position degree of the support plate is over 0.4mm in the positive direction or the negative direction, selecting a support plate with larger straightness and the protruding direction opposite to the arrow shown by the position degree, correcting according to the step eight, wherein the straightness correction value of the single support plate is not more than 0.3mm, and detecting the position degree of the support plate again after correcting; the requirement of the position degree of the support plate can be met by correcting 2-3 support plates;
step nine: vacuum heat treatment annealing for eliminating welding residual stress
And after welding and correction are all qualified, vacuum heat treatment is carried out to eliminate welding residual stress.
2. The method for controlling the straightness and the position degree of the support plate of the titanium alloy thin-wall welding case according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the second step, when welding seams at two sides of each support plate, the heat input of the later-welded seam is reduced by 5% -8% relative to the heat input of the first-welded seam on the premise of ensuring the welding forming quality.
3. The method for controlling the straightness and the position degree of the support plate of the titanium alloy thin-wall welding case according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fixed clamp in the first step fastens the inner ring and the outer ring through the base, the expansion block, the wedge block, the adjusting bolt and the jacking spring;
the inner ring and the outer ring are sleeved on a spigot of a boss arranged on the base, and the outer ring is fixed on the base through a pressure plate and a bolt;
the cushion sets up in base mount pad one side, and the voussoir sets up with the cushion is tangent, and ejecting spring sets up in the below of voussoir, and the unanimous laminating mutually of outer annular face of expansion piece one side to set up on the base, set up in the bolt hole of base through adjusting bolt, rise through adjusting bolt to the outer loop and rise.
4. The method for controlling the straightness and the position degree of the support plate of the titanium alloy thin-wall welding case according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the first step, in order to ensure the stable control of the welding heat input quantity, the technical scheme adopts a vacuum electron beam welding process, and other automatic welding processes are also suitable.
CN202111219380.4A 2021-10-20 2021-10-20 Method for controlling straightness and position of titanium alloy thin-wall welding casing support plate Active CN113909724B (en)

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