CN113909688A - Duplex stainless steel welding method and welding system for adjusting proportion of two phases - Google Patents
Duplex stainless steel welding method and welding system for adjusting proportion of two phases Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909688A CN113909688A CN202111222347.7A CN202111222347A CN113909688A CN 113909688 A CN113909688 A CN 113909688A CN 202111222347 A CN202111222347 A CN 202111222347A CN 113909688 A CN113909688 A CN 113909688A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
- B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
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Abstract
The invention provides a duplex stainless steel welding method and a welding system for adjusting the proportion of two phases, wherein the method comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of a to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel; applying an alternating magnetic field to the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel through a magnetic field device; and laser welding the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel by a laser, and realizing the two-phase proportion adjustment of the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel under the action of the alternating magnetic field. The invention realizes the stirring of the molten pool by generating the magnetic field which interacts with molten pool metal fluid, plasma electric arc and light-induced plasma in a non-contact way, can effectively improve the internal form of the welding line, reasonably adjust the structure distribution, reduce the segregation of alloy elements in the welding line, inhibit the generation of cracks, simultaneously improve the structure performance and the production efficiency of the welding line, and effectively overcome the problem of the unbalance of the two-phase proportion of the two-phase stainless steel after welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a duplex stainless steel welding method and system for adjusting the proportion of two phases.
Background
At present, duplex stainless steel is widely applied to environments with strong corrosivity such as nuclear power, chemical engineering and coastal infrastructure because of excellent mechanical property, physical property and corrosion resistance. Laser welding is a common processing technology of duplex stainless steel in an application process, however, when the duplex stainless steel is welded by the existing laser welding technology, too high welding heat input can seriously affect the microstructure distribution and the phase composition of a duplex stainless steel welding joint, so that the duplex proportion of ferrite and austenite is unbalanced, and the comprehensive performance of the welding joint is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting a two-phase ratio, which is used for solving the defects that the duplex ratio of ferrite and an austenite structure is unbalanced and the comprehensive performance of a welding joint is reduced when a laser welding technology in the prior art is used for welding duplex stainless steel.
The invention also provides a welding system.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a welding method of duplex stainless steel for adjusting a ratio of two phases, comprising: pretreating the surface of a to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel;
applying an alternating magnetic field to the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel through a magnetic field device;
and laser welding the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel by a laser, and adjusting the proportion of the two phases of the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel under the action of the alternating magnetic field.
It should be noted that the two-phase ratio is one of the most important features in the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel, and is affected by the welding process, and imbalance of the two-phase ratio is easily caused in the welded weld structure after welding, so as to deteriorate the performance of the welded joint.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of pretreating the surface of the to-be-welded workpiece of duplex stainless steel specifically includes:
dipping non-woven fabric into absolute ethyl alcohol to wipe off rust and oil stains of 10-20 mm of the edge of the groove on the front surface and the back surface of the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel;
wherein the front surface refers to the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded made of the duplex stainless steel.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode for preprocessing a to-be-welded workpiece of duplex stainless steel, and by performing surface treatment on the to-be-welded workpiece of duplex stainless steel, influence factors such as rust and oil stains are eliminated, and negative influence on the quality of a welded joint is avoided.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the duplex stainless steel work piece to be welded is a duplex stainless steel consisting of ferrite and austenite.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of a to-be-welded workpiece of duplex stainless steel, and the structure distribution characteristics of austenite and ferrite can be remarkably improved by regulating and controlling the structure of a weld joint of the duplex stainless steel by using an alternating magnetic field in the welding process, the proportion of two phases is quantitatively regulated and controlled, and the performance of the weld joint is improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the laser welding the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece by a laser, and the adjusting the two-phase ratio of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece under the action of the alternating magnetic field specifically includes:
acquiring instant parameters and preset parameters between the magnetic field equipment and the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel, and judging according to the instant parameters and the preset parameters;
if the instant parameters are within the range of the preset parameters, applying the alternating magnetic field to the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece according to the preset magnetic field intensity and the preset magnetic field frequency;
and if the instant parameters are out of the range of the preset parameters, adjusting the instant magnetic field intensity and the instant magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field equipment according to the instant parameters, and applying the alternating magnetic field to the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece according to the adjusted instant magnetic field intensity and the adjusted instant magnetic field frequency.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode for adjusting the two-phase ratio of the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel through the alternating magnetic field, and by obtaining instant parameters and preset parameters between the magnetic field device and the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel, the adjustment of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency of the alternating magnetic field can be performed according to the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel with different shapes, sizes and structures, so as to meet the adjustment of the two-phase ratio of the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, an alternating magnetic field is applied to assist the combined action during the laser welding process of the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel. The liquid level fluctuation of the weld pool under the action of the alternating magnetic field is small, the weld is attractive in forming, the molten drop transition is 'spreading transition', the proportion of ferrite and austenite tissues can be quantitatively regulated and controlled according to the parameters of the alternating magnetic field, and the loaded alternating magnetic field has a certain stirring effect on the weld pool, so that the flow of the weld pool is more stable, and the tissue distribution is more uniform. The welded joint under the assistance of the alternating magnetic field has high consistency between the ratio of two phases of austenite and ferrite and the parent metal, so that the welded joint has excellent strength and plasticity, and the welded weld metal has good corrosion resistance. The invention overcomes the adverse factor of lower austenite content of the welding joint in the welding process of the duplex stainless steel in the traditional welding process, and improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the welding joint after the duplex stainless steel is welded.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the preset parameters include: presetting height and thickness;
the preset height is the distance between the magnetic field equipment and the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel;
the preset thickness is the thickness of a molten pool formed by laser welding the duplex stainless steel workpiece to be welded by the laser.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of preset parameters, and the distance between the magnetic field device and the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece and the thickness of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece at the molten pool are obtained, so that the adjustment of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency of the alternating magnetic field of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpieces with different shapes, sizes and structures is realized, and the adjustment of the two-phase proportion of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpieces is met.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the field strength of the magnetic field device is adjusted in a range between 20 and 200 mT; the magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device is adjusted within the range of 10 to 50 Hz.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation manner of magnetic field intensity and magnetic field frequency, and by providing adjustment ranges of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency, adjustment of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency of an alternating magnetic field according to-be-welded workpieces of duplex stainless steel with different shapes, sizes and structures is achieved.
In a possible embodiment, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field device is adjusted in the range from 80 to 150mT and the magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device is adjusted in the range from 20 to 40 Hz.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the laser and the magnetic field device are sequentially arranged at intervals along the welding direction, and the alternating magnetic field applied by the magnetic field device wraps a molten pool formed by the laser on the surface of the to-be-welded workpiece made of the duplex stainless steel along the welding direction.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of arrangement relationship between a laser and a magnetic field device, and the alternating magnetic field is set to wrap a molten pool formed by the laser on the surface of a to-be-welded dual-phase stainless steel workpiece, so that the alternating magnetic field can form a comprehensive stirring effect on the molten pool on the surface of the to-be-welded dual-phase stainless steel workpiece, the internal form of a weld joint is effectively improved, and the tissue distribution is reasonably adjusted.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the alternating magnetic field applied by the magnetic field device is a longitudinal magnetic field extending in the welding direction.
Specifically, the present example provides an implementation of an alternating magnetic field that better conforms to the coupling of the alternating magnetic field with the laser beam, the weld pool, the internal heat flow direction, etc. during the welding process by applying a longitudinal alternating magnetic field.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, if the instantaneous parameter is outside the preset parameter range, the step of adjusting the instantaneous magnetic field strength and the instantaneous magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device according to the instantaneous parameter specifically includes:
acquiring a first parameter characteristic of the instant parameter, inputting the first parameter characteristic into a parameter sample model, and acquiring a second parameter characteristic matched with the first parameter characteristic through the parameter sample model;
and acquiring the sample magnetic field strength and the sample magnetic field frequency corresponding to the second parameter characteristic value in the parameter sample model, taking the sample magnetic field strength as the instant magnetic field strength, and taking the sample magnetic field frequency as the instant magnetic field frequency.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation manner for adjusting the instant magnetic field strength and the instant magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device according to the instant parameters, and the instant magnetic field strength and the instant magnetic field frequency can be conveniently obtained through the instant parameters outside the range of the preset parameters by setting the parameter sample model.
It should be noted that the parametric sample model is obtained by training large data of the parametric sample.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a welding system having a duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases as described above.
One or more technical solutions in the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: according to the duplex stainless steel welding method and system for adjusting the proportion of two phases, the magnetic field which interacts with molten pool metal fluid, plasma arc and light-induced plasma is generated in a non-contact mode, so that the molten pool is stirred, the internal form of a welding seam can be effectively improved, the tissue distribution is reasonably adjusted, the segregation of alloy elements in the welding seam is reduced, the generation of cracks is inhibited, the tissue performance and the production efficiency of the welding seam are improved, and the problem of unbalance of the proportion of two phases after the duplex stainless steel is welded is effectively solved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is one of the mechanical property diagrams of the example and the comparative example in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the two-phase ratio provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of mechanical properties of an example and a comparative example in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a third schematic diagram showing mechanical properties of an example and a comparative example in a duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting a ratio of two phases according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fourth diagram showing the mechanical properties of examples and comparative examples in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a fifth schematic diagram of mechanical properties of examples and comparative examples in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases according to the present invention. Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the duplex stainless steel welding method of the present invention for adjusting the ratio of two phases.
Fig. 2 is one of the mechanical property diagrams of the example and the comparative example in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the two-phase ratio provided by the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases includes:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, loading adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment above a workpiece to be welded, and fixing the equipment and a welding mechanism, so that in the welding process, the magnetic field auxiliary equipment keeps linkage with a laser, the intensity of the alternating magnetic field is controlled to be 20mT, and the frequency of the magnetic field is controlled to be 10 Hz;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of distance between filaments are adopted, the height h of the alternating magnetic field from the surface of a workpiece to be welded is 10mm, and the biphase stainless steel is subjected to laser welding.
In the comparative example, the welding method includes the steps of:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, no adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment is loaded above the workpiece to be welded, so that no magnetic field assistance is kept in the welding process;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of light wire spacing are adopted to carry out laser welding on the duplex stainless steel.
It can be seen from fig. 2 that, when two-phase ratio comparative analysis of the microstructure was performed on the examples and the comparative examples, the content ratio of austenite to ferrite in the examples was 42.21% under the assistance of the alternating magnetic field having a magnetic field strength of 20mT and a magnetic field frequency of 10 Hz: 57.79%, the austenite to ferrite ratio of the comparative example is 34.77%: 65.23%, which shows that the alternating magnetic field in the examples effectively improves the problem of the unbalanced proportion of ferrite and austenite structures, and the austenite content is obviously increased.
Fig. 3 is a second schematic diagram of mechanical properties of an example and a comparative example in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases provided by the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases includes:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, loading adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment above a workpiece to be welded, and fixing the equipment and a welding mechanism, so that in the welding process, the magnetic field auxiliary equipment keeps linkage with a laser, the intensity of the alternating magnetic field is controlled to be 80mT, and the frequency of the magnetic field is controlled to be 20 Hz;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of distance between filaments are adopted, the height h of the alternating magnetic field from the surface of a workpiece to be welded is 20mm, and the biphase stainless steel is subjected to laser welding.
In the comparative example, the welding method includes the steps of:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, no adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment is loaded above the workpiece to be welded, so that no magnetic field assistance is kept in the welding process;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of light wire spacing are adopted to carry out laser welding on the duplex stainless steel.
It can be seen from fig. 3 that, when two-phase ratio comparative analysis of the microstructure was performed on the examples and the comparative examples, the content ratio of austenite to ferrite in the examples was 47.25% under the assistance of the alternating magnetic field having a magnetic field strength of 80mT and a magnetic field frequency of 20 Hz: 52.75%, the austenite to ferrite ratio of the comparative example is 31.12%: 68.88%, which shows that the alternating magnetic field in the embodiment 2 can effectively control the two-phase proportion of the two-phase stainless steel welded joint and the effect is better.
Fig. 4 is a third schematic diagram of mechanical properties of an example and a comparative example in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases provided by the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases includes:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, loading adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment above a workpiece to be welded, and fixing the equipment and a welding mechanism, so that in the welding process, the magnetic field auxiliary equipment keeps linkage with a laser, the alternating magnetic field intensity is controlled to be 120mT, and the magnetic field frequency is controlled to be 30 Hz;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of distance between filaments are adopted, the height h of the alternating magnetic field from the surface of a workpiece to be welded is 25mm, and the biphase stainless steel is subjected to laser welding.
In the comparative example, the welding method includes the steps of:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, no adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment is loaded above the workpiece to be welded, so that no magnetic field assistance is kept in the welding process;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of light wire spacing are adopted to carry out laser welding on the duplex stainless steel;
it can be seen from fig. 4 that, when two-phase ratio comparative analysis of the microstructure was performed on the examples and the comparative examples, the content ratio of austenite to ferrite in the examples was 49.13% under the assistance of the alternating magnetic field having a magnetic field strength of 120mT and a magnetic field frequency of 30 Hz: 50.87%, the austenite to ferrite ratio of the comparative example is 34.25%: 65.75%, the two-phase proportion regulating effect of the alternating magnetic field in the embodiment is very obvious, and the alternating magnetic field auxiliary action of 120mT magnetic field intensity and 30Hz magnetic field frequency is optimal for laser welding under the parameter.
FIG. 5 is a fourth diagram showing the mechanical properties of the example and the comparative example in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases according to the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases includes:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, loading adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment above a workpiece to be welded, and fixing the equipment and a welding mechanism, so that in the welding process, the magnetic field auxiliary equipment keeps linkage with a laser, the magnetic field intensity is controlled to be 150mT, and the magnetic field frequency is controlled to be 40 Hz;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of distance between light wires are adopted, the height h of the alternating magnetic field from the surface of a workpiece to be welded is 30mm, and the biphase stainless steel is subjected to laser welding.
In the comparative example, the welding method includes the steps of:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, no adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment is loaded above the workpiece to be welded, so that no magnetic field assistance is kept in the welding process;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of light wire spacing are adopted to carry out laser welding on the duplex stainless steel.
It can be seen from fig. 5 that, when two-phase ratio comparative analysis of the microstructure was performed on the examples and the comparative examples, the content ratio of austenite to ferrite in the examples was 47.29% under the assistance of the alternating magnetic field having a magnetic field strength of 150mT and a magnetic field frequency of 40 Hz: 52.71%, the austenite to ferrite ratio of the comparative example is 30.94%: 69.06%, the alternating magnetic field in the embodiment effectively controls the two-phase proportion of the two-phase stainless steel welding joint, and the effect is better.
FIG. 6 is a fifth schematic diagram of mechanical properties of examples and comparative examples in the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases provided by the present invention. In the embodiment shown in fig. 6, the duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the two-phase ratio includes:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, loading adjustable alternating magnetic field equipment above a workpiece to be welded, and fixing the equipment and a welding mechanism, so that in the welding process, the magnetic field auxiliary equipment keeps linkage with a laser, the magnetic field intensity is controlled to be 200mT, and the magnetic field frequency is 50 Hz;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of distance between filaments are adopted, the height h of the alternating magnetic field from the surface of a workpiece to be welded is 40mm, and the biphase stainless steel is subjected to laser welding.
In the comparative example, the welding method includes the steps of:
step one, a laser welding test platform is built, and a laser welding system comprises a fiber laser, cooling equipment, six-axis robot arms, a wire feeding welding machine, a welding tool clamp and the like;
step two, no adjustable magnetic field equipment is loaded above the workpiece to be welded, so that no magnetic field assistance is kept in the welding process;
thirdly, the surface of the workpiece to be welded is pretreated, so that the influence factors such as rust, oil stain and the like are eliminated, and the negative influence on the quality of the welded joint is avoided;
and fourthly, laser welding technological parameters of 4500W of laser power, 2.3m/min of wire feeding speed, 10mm of defocusing amount, 0.48m/min of welding speed and 1mm of light wire spacing are adopted to carry out laser welding on the duplex stainless steel.
It can be seen from fig. 6 that, when the two-phase ratio comparative analysis of the microstructure was performed on the examples and the comparative examples, the content ratio of austenite to ferrite in the examples was 43.18% under the assistance of the 200mT alternating magnetic field: 56.82%, the austenite to ferrite ratio of the comparative example is 31.87%: 68.13 percent, which shows that the alternating magnetic field in the embodiment effectively improves the problem of the unbalanced proportion of the ferrite and the austenite tissues, and the austenite content is obviously increased.
Based on the above-shown fig. 2 to 6, the present invention provides five embodiments and five comparative examples, and in practical applications, multiple tests can be performed to facilitate the formation of a parameter sample model and to facilitate the acquisition of an instantaneous magnetic field strength and an instantaneous magnetic field frequency by an instantaneous parameter outside a preset parameter range.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present disclosure provides a method for welding a duplex stainless steel for adjusting a ratio of two phases, comprising: pretreating the surface of a to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel;
applying an alternating magnetic field to a workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel through magnetic field equipment;
and laser welding is carried out on the workpieces to be welded of the duplex stainless steel through a laser, and the proportion of the two phases of the workpieces to be welded of the duplex stainless steel is adjusted under the action of the alternating magnetic field.
In detail, the invention provides a duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the proportion of two phases, which is used for solving the defects that the proportion of two phases of ferrite and austenite structures is unbalanced and the comprehensive performance of a welding joint is reduced when the duplex stainless steel is welded by a laser welding technology in the prior art, realizes the stirring of a molten pool by generating a magnetic field which interacts with molten pool metal fluid, plasma electric arc and light-induced plasma in a non-contact mode, can effectively improve the internal form of a welding seam, reasonably adjust the structure distribution, reduce the segregation of alloy elements in the welding seam, inhibit the generation of cracks, simultaneously improve the structure performance and the production efficiency of the welding seam, and effectively overcome the problem that the proportion of two phases is unbalanced after the duplex stainless steel is welded.
It should be noted that the two-phase ratio is one of the most important features in the microstructure of the duplex stainless steel, and is affected by the welding process, and imbalance of the two-phase ratio is easily caused in the welded weld structure after welding, so as to deteriorate the performance of the welded joint.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of pretreating the surface of the to-be-welded workpiece of duplex stainless steel specifically includes: dipping non-woven fabric into absolute ethyl alcohol to wipe out 10-20 mm of rust and oil stains on the edges of the grooves on the front and back of the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel; wherein, the front surface refers to the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode for preprocessing a to-be-welded workpiece of duplex stainless steel, and by performing surface treatment on the to-be-welded workpiece of duplex stainless steel, influence factors such as rust and oil stains are eliminated, and negative influence on the quality of a welded joint is avoided.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the duplex stainless steel workpiece to be welded is a duplex stainless steel of ferritic and austenitic composition.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of a to-be-welded workpiece of duplex stainless steel, and the structure distribution characteristics of austenite and ferrite can be remarkably improved by regulating and controlling the structure of a weld joint of the duplex stainless steel by using an alternating magnetic field in the welding process, the proportion of two phases is quantitatively regulated and controlled, and the performance of the weld joint is improved.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the laser welding is performed on the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece by using a laser, and the step of adjusting the two-phase ratio of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece under the action of the alternating magnetic field specifically includes:
acquiring instant parameters and preset parameters between the magnetic field equipment and a workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel, and judging according to the instant parameters and the preset parameters;
if the instant parameters are within the range of the preset parameters, applying an alternating magnetic field to the to-be-welded double-phase stainless steel workpiece according to the preset magnetic field intensity and the preset magnetic field frequency;
and if the instant parameters are out of the range of the preset parameters, adjusting the instant magnetic field intensity and the instant magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field equipment according to the instant parameters, and applying an alternating magnetic field to the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece according to the adjusted instant magnetic field intensity and the instant magnetic field frequency.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode for adjusting the two-phase ratio of the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel through the alternating magnetic field, and by obtaining instant parameters and preset parameters between the magnetic field device and the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel, the adjustment of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency of the alternating magnetic field can be performed according to the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel with different shapes, sizes and structures, so as to meet the adjustment of the two-phase ratio of the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel.
It should be noted that in the present embodiment, an alternating magnetic field is applied to assist the combined action during the laser welding process of the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel. The liquid level fluctuation of the weld pool under the action of the alternating magnetic field is small, the weld is attractive in forming, the molten drop transition is 'spreading transition', the proportion of ferrite and austenite tissues can be quantitatively regulated and controlled according to the parameters of the alternating magnetic field, and the loaded alternating magnetic field has a certain stirring effect on the weld pool, so that the flow of the weld pool is more stable, and the tissue distribution is more uniform. The welded joint under the assistance of the alternating magnetic field has high consistency between the ratio of two phases of austenite and ferrite and the parent metal, so that the welded joint has excellent strength and plasticity, and the welded weld metal has good corrosion resistance. The invention overcomes the adverse factor of lower austenite content of the welding joint in the welding process of the duplex stainless steel in the traditional welding process, and improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the welding joint after the duplex stainless steel is welded.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the preset parameters include: presetting height and thickness; the preset height is the distance between the magnetic field equipment and a workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel; the preset thickness is the thickness of a molten pool formed by laser welding the duplex stainless steel workpiece to be welded by a laser.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of preset parameters, and the distance between the magnetic field device and the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece and the thickness of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece at the molten pool are obtained, so that the adjustment of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency of the alternating magnetic field of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpieces with different shapes, sizes and structures is realized, and the adjustment of the two-phase proportion of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpieces is met.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the field strength of the magnetic field device is adjusted in a range between 20 to 200 mT; the magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device is adjusted in the range of 10 to 50 Hz.
Specifically, the present embodiment provides an implementation manner of magnetic field intensity and magnetic field frequency, and by providing adjustment ranges of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency, adjustment of the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency of an alternating magnetic field according to-be-welded workpieces of duplex stainless steel with different shapes, sizes and structures is achieved.
In a possible embodiment, the field strength of the magnetic field device is adjusted in the range of 80 to 150mT and the field frequency of the magnetic field device is adjusted in the range of 20 to 40 Hz.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the laser and the magnetic field device are sequentially arranged at intervals along the welding direction, and the alternating magnetic field applied by the magnetic field device wraps a molten pool formed by the laser on the surface of the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece along the welding direction.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation mode of arrangement relationship between a laser and a magnetic field device, and the alternating magnetic field is set to wrap a molten pool formed by the laser on the surface of a to-be-welded dual-phase stainless steel workpiece, so that the alternating magnetic field can form a comprehensive stirring effect on the molten pool on the surface of the to-be-welded dual-phase stainless steel workpiece, the internal form of a weld joint is effectively improved, and the tissue distribution is reasonably adjusted.
In some possible embodiments of the invention, the alternating magnetic field applied by the magnetic field device is a longitudinal magnetic field extending in the welding direction.
Specifically, the present example provides an implementation of an alternating magnetic field that better conforms to the coupling of the alternating magnetic field with the laser beam, the weld pool, the internal heat flow direction, etc. during the welding process by applying a longitudinal alternating magnetic field.
In some possible embodiments of the present invention, if the instantaneous parameter is outside the preset parameter range, the step of adjusting the instantaneous magnetic field intensity and the instantaneous magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device according to the instantaneous parameter specifically includes:
acquiring first parameter characteristics of instant parameters, inputting the first parameter characteristics into a parameter sample model, and obtaining second parameter characteristics matched with the first parameter characteristics through the parameter sample model;
and acquiring the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field frequency of the sample corresponding to the second parameter characteristic value in the parameter sample model, taking the magnetic field intensity of the sample as the instant magnetic field intensity, and taking the magnetic field frequency of the sample as the instant magnetic field frequency.
Specifically, the embodiment provides an implementation manner for adjusting the instant magnetic field strength and the instant magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device according to the instant parameters, and the instant magnetic field strength and the instant magnetic field frequency can be conveniently obtained through the instant parameters outside the range of the preset parameters by setting the parameter sample model.
It should be noted that the parametric sample model is obtained by training large data of the parametric sample.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the present disclosure provides a welding system having a duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the ratio of two phases as described above.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "a manner," "a particular manner," or "some manner" or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or manner is included in at least one embodiment or manner of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or mode. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or modes. Furthermore, various embodiments or modes described in this specification, as well as features of various embodiments or modes, may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of welding duplex stainless steel for adjusting the ratio of two phases, comprising: pretreating the surface of a to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel;
applying an alternating magnetic field to the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel through a magnetic field device;
and laser welding the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel by a laser, and realizing the two-phase proportion adjustment of the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel under the action of the alternating magnetic field.
2. A duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the proportion of two phases according to claim 1, wherein the step of pre-treating the surface of the workpiece to be welded of duplex stainless steel specifically comprises:
dipping non-woven fabric into absolute ethyl alcohol to wipe off rust and oil stains of 10-20 mm of the edge of the groove on the front surface and the back surface of the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel;
wherein the front surface refers to the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded made of the duplex stainless steel.
3. A duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting a two-phase ratio according to claim 1, wherein the work to be welded of the duplex stainless steel is a duplex stainless steel composed of ferrite and austenite.
4. A duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the proportion of two phases according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of performing laser welding on the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel by a laser and adjusting the proportion of two phases of the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel under the action of the alternating magnetic field specifically comprises:
acquiring instant parameters and preset parameters between the magnetic field equipment and the to-be-welded workpieces of the duplex stainless steel, and judging according to the instant parameters and the preset parameters;
if the instant parameters are within the range of the preset parameters, applying the alternating magnetic field to the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece according to the preset magnetic field intensity and the preset magnetic field frequency;
and if the instant parameters are out of the range of the preset parameters, adjusting the instant magnetic field intensity and the instant magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field equipment according to the instant parameters, and applying the alternating magnetic field to the to-be-welded duplex stainless steel workpiece according to the adjusted instant magnetic field intensity and the adjusted instant magnetic field frequency.
5. A method of welding duplex stainless steel for adjusting the proportion of two phases according to claim 4, wherein said preset parameters comprise: presetting height and thickness;
the preset height is the distance between the magnetic field equipment and the workpiece to be welded of the duplex stainless steel;
the preset thickness is the thickness of a molten pool formed by laser welding the duplex stainless steel workpiece to be welded by the laser.
6. A duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting two-phase ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field device is adjusted in a range of 20 to 200 mT; the magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device is adjusted within the range of 10 to 50 Hz.
7. A duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting the proportion of two phases as set forth in claim 4, wherein the laser and the magnetic field device are sequentially arranged at intervals along the welding direction, and the alternating magnetic field applied by the magnetic field device wraps a molten pool formed by the laser on the surface of the to-be-welded workpiece of the duplex stainless steel along the welding direction.
8. A method of welding duplex stainless steel for adjusting the proportion of two phases as set forth in claim 7 wherein said alternating magnetic field applied by said magnetic field apparatus is a longitudinal magnetic field extending in said welding direction.
9. A duplex stainless steel welding method for adjusting two-phase ratio according to claim 4, wherein if the instant parameter is outside the preset parameter range, the step of adjusting the instant magnetic field strength and the instant magnetic field frequency of the magnetic field device according to the instant parameter specifically comprises:
acquiring a first parameter characteristic of the instant parameter, inputting the first parameter characteristic into a parameter sample model, and acquiring a second parameter characteristic matched with the first parameter characteristic through the parameter sample model;
and acquiring the sample magnetic field strength and the sample magnetic field frequency corresponding to the second parameter characteristic value in the parameter sample model, taking the sample magnetic field strength as the instant magnetic field strength, and taking the sample magnetic field frequency as the instant magnetic field frequency.
10. A welding system having a method of welding duplex stainless steel for adjusting the ratio of two phases as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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