CN113908789A

CN113908789A - Pyrolysis reactor

Info

Publication number: CN113908789A
Application number: CN202010656901.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方薪晖; 刘臻; 巩志坚
Original assignee: China Energy Investment Corp Ltd; National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy
Current assignee: China Energy Investment Corp Ltd; National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy
Priority date: 2020-07-09
Filing date: 2020-07-09
Publication date: 2022-01-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-09
Also published as: CN113908789B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of pyrolysis reaction, and discloses a pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor comprises a reaction part (100), the reaction part (100) comprises a microwave cabin (101) and a reaction cabin (102) arranged around the microwave cabin (101), the microwave cabin (101) can be connected to a microwave emitter to introduce microwaves, and the microwaves in the microwave cabin (101) can be radiated into the reaction cabin (102). Through the technical scheme, the center of the reaction cabin is replaced by the microwave cabin, so that the size of the reaction cabin in the direction from the center to the outside can be reduced, and the size of the occupied space of the reactant is reduced, therefore, the uniformity of concentration distribution in the reaction cabin can be improved, in addition, the heating uniformity can be improved in a mode of radiating microwaves to the outside from the center, and the microwaves can penetrate through the reaction cabin more easily, so that the uniformity of reaction is realized, and the reaction quality is improved.

Description

Pyrolysis reactor

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of pyrolysis reaction, in particular to a pyrolysis reactor.

Background

In the microwave pyrolysis reactor, fluidized reactants are input into a reaction chamber, and microwaves are input into the reaction chamber through a microwave emitter to heat the reactants therein, so that pyrolysis reaction is realized.

However, the existing microwave pyrolysis reactor has the problems of non-uniform heating and non-uniform pyrolysis reaction.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pyrolysis reactor to solve the problem of uneven heating of reactants.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor comprises a reaction part including a microwave capsule connectable to a microwave emitter to introduce microwaves, and a reaction capsule disposed around the microwave capsule, into which the microwaves in the microwave capsule can be radiated.

Optionally, the reaction portion comprises a plurality of reaction compartments arranged circumferentially around the microwave compartment.

Optionally, the reaction part comprises an inner pipe part defining the microwave chamber, an outer pipe part sleeved on the inner pipe part, and a partition plate extending from the inner pipe part to the outer pipe part, wherein the reaction chamber is enclosed by the adjacent partition plate, the inner pipe part and the outer pipe part.

Alternatively, the inner tubular portion is at least partially made of silica bricks with micro-pores formed therein.

Optionally, the reaction part comprises an end plate connected to the inlet end of the inner tube part and the inlet end of the outer tube part, and the end plate is provided with a feed hole communicated with each reaction chamber and a microwave inlet communicated with the microwave chamber.

Optionally, the inner tube portion is provided with a seal at an end opposite the microwave inlet.

Optionally, the pyrolysis reactor comprises a microwave inlet tube comprising an involute tube connected to the microwave inlet and a microwave tube connected to the small end of the involute tube.

Optionally, the pyrolysis reactor comprises a conveying part, the conveying part comprises a main pipe part and a plurality of branch pipe parts connected to the main pipe part, and the plurality of branch pipe parts are connected to the plurality of reaction cabins in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Optionally, the conveying part includes a material distributing part partially disposed in the outlet end of the main pipe part, the material distributing part includes a plurality of material distributing openings communicated with the plurality of branch pipe parts in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the material distributing openings are surrounded by a plurality of cones and the main pipe part, and the small end of each cone faces the inlet end of the main pipe part.

Optionally, the material distributing part comprises a first cone arranged at the central axis of the outlet end of the main pipe part and a plurality of second cones arranged circumferentially along the inner circumferential surface of the main pipe part, the large ends of the second cones are partially connected to the large ends of the first cone, and the number of the second cones is the same as that of the material distributing openings.

Optionally, the first cone is a pyramid with edges equal to the number of the material dividing ports, and the second cone is connected to the edges of the first cone.

Optionally, the material distributing part includes a base plate portion hermetically connected to the outlet end of the main pipe portion, the base plate portion is connected to the large end of the cone, and a through hole communicating with each material distributing port is provided in the base plate portion, and the branch pipe portion is connected to the through hole.

Optionally, a first fluidized air pipeline is connected to the side of the main pipe part, and a second fluidized air pipeline is connected to the side of the branch pipe part.

Optionally, the pyrolysis reactor comprises a solid-gas separation section connected to an outlet end of the reaction section.

Optionally, the solid-gas separation part includes a main body part connected to the reaction part and an exhaust pipe connected to the main body part.

Optionally, the pyrolysis reactor is a pyrolysis coal reactor.

Through the technical scheme, the center of the reaction cabin is replaced by the microwave cabin, so that the size of the reaction cabin in the direction from the center to the outside can be reduced, and the size of the occupied space of the reactant is reduced, therefore, the uniformity of concentration distribution in the reaction cabin can be improved, in addition, the heating uniformity can be improved in a mode of radiating microwaves to the outside from the center, and the microwaves can penetrate through the reaction cabin more easily, so that the uniformity of reaction is realized, and the reaction quality is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis reactor according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a reaction section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a reaction part according to an embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a delivery section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the conveying unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

100-reaction part, 101-microwave chamber, 102-reaction chamber, 103-inner pipe part, 104-outer pipe part, 105-partition plate, 106-end plate, 107-microwave inlet pipe, 200-conveying part, 201-main pipe part, 202-branch pipe part, 203-material distribution port, 204-first cone, 205-second cone, 206-material distribution part, 207-base plate part, 208-first fluidizing air pipeline, 209-second fluidizing air pipeline, 300-solid-gas separation part, 301-main body part and 302-exhaust pipe.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The invention provides a pyrolysis reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reactor comprises a reaction part 100, the reaction part 100 comprises a microwave cabin 101 and a reaction cabin 102 arranged around the microwave cabin 101, the microwave cabin 101 can be connected with a microwave launcher to introduce microwaves, and the microwaves in the microwave cabin 101 can be radiated into the reaction cabin 102.

The pyrolysis reactor may be used for a thermal decomposition reaction of a reactant, in which the reaction part 100 is a main reaction part, and the microwave emitter may introduce microwaves into the microwave chamber 101, where the microwaves may be radiated into the surrounding reaction chamber 102 in the microwave chamber 101 to heat the reactant in the reaction chamber 102.

Wherein the reaction chamber 102 is arranged around the microwave chamber 101, i.e. the reaction chamber 102 surrounds a position where no reactant is present but is occupied by the microwave chamber 101, which results in a reduction of the size of the reaction chamber 102, in particular in the direction from the microwave chamber 101 towards the reaction chamber 102, a reduction of the "thickness" of the fluidized reactant in the reaction chamber 102, which allows the microwave in the microwave chamber 101 to penetrate the reactant more easily, which on the one hand allows the reactant to be heated more uniformly by the microwave and on the other hand allows the concentration distribution of the fluidized reactant to be more uniform.

Wherein the reaction part 100 comprises a plurality of reaction compartments 102 arranged circumferentially around the microwave compartment 101. As shown in fig. 4, a plurality of reaction chambers 102 may be arranged in the circumferential direction of the microwave chamber 101, the plurality of reaction chambers 102 are separated from each other and not communicated, each reaction chamber 102 has a relatively smaller volume, and after the plurality of reaction chambers 102 are separated, the problem of uneven concentration distribution of reactants in a larger volume may be prevented, so that the concentration in each reaction chamber 102 is more easily uniformly distributed. In other embodiments, only one closed loop-shaped reaction chamber 102 may be provided around the microwave chamber 101.

Specifically, the reaction part 100 includes an inner pipe part 103 defining the microwave chamber 101, an outer pipe part 104 sleeved on the inner pipe part 103, and a partition plate 105 extending from the inner pipe part 103 to the outer pipe part 104, wherein the adjacent partition plate 105, the inner pipe part 103 and the outer pipe part 104 enclose the reaction chamber 102. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the reaction part 100 is partitioned by an inner tube part 103 and an outer tube part 104 to form a microwave chamber 101 at a central position and a reaction chamber 102 at an outer periphery, and the reaction chamber 102 is partitioned into a plurality by a plurality of partitions 105 to reduce a volume of each reaction chamber 102, so that a reactant therein is more easily subjected to uniform concentration distribution. In particular, the inner tube 103 and the outer tube 104 are concentrically disposed, the plurality of baffles 105 are also circumferentially disposed at equal intervals, the volumes of the plurality of reaction chambers 102 are also equal, and the structure of the reaction part 100 is substantially centrosymmetric, so as to ensure the uniformity of heating of each reaction chamber 102 by the microwave chamber 101. Further, the reaction capsule 102 may be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more.

Wherein the inner tube part 103 is at least partially made of silica bricks having micro-pores formed therein. The inner tube part 103 may be partially or completely made of silica bricks, and micropores are formed in the silica bricks to allow microwaves in the microwave chamber 101 enclosed by the inner tube part 103 to pass through the silica bricks and enter the reaction chamber 102, so as to heat the reactants in the reaction chamber 102. The silica bricks may be arranged continuously or dispersedly and supported by a pipe member of a metal structure, and the dispersedly arranged silica bricks may be arranged centrosymmetrically with respect to the central axis of the inner pipe portion 103, and in particular, the silica bricks are arranged corresponding to each reaction chamber 102, that is, the same number of silica bricks of the same structure are arranged on the portion of the inner pipe portion 103 corresponding to each reaction chamber 102, as shown in fig. 4, the portion of the inner pipe portion 103 having a larger thickness is the silica bricks. The inner tubular portion 103 may be made of metal and form holes for mounting silica bricks, which can be mounted in the holes. The micro-holes in the silica bricks are formed only inside, and they do not directly communicate the microwave chamber 101 and the reaction chamber 102.

In addition, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the reaction part 100 includes an end plate 106 connected to the inlet end of the inner pipe part 103 and the inlet end of the outer pipe part 104, and the end plate 106 is provided with a feed hole communicating with each of the reaction chambers 102 and a microwave inlet communicating with the microwave chamber 101. The end plate 106 may seal the inlet end of the inner tube 103 and the inlet end of the outer tube 104, wherein the reaction portion 100 may be disposed substantially vertically, the inlet end of the inner tube 103 is located at the upper portion, the inlet end of the outer tube 104 is also located at the upper portion, the fluidized reactants in the reaction compartments 102 may flow from the top to the bottom, and the concentration distribution may be maintained substantially uniform among the reaction compartments 102 due to the influence of gravity. Feed holes corresponding to each reaction chamber 102 are formed in the end plate 106 so that fluidized reactants are supplied into each reaction chamber 102 through the feed holes, and microwaves are introduced into the microwave chamber 101 through a microwave inlet in the end plate 106. In some embodiments, end plate 106 seals only the annular space between inner tube portion 103 and outer tube portion 104, and the upper end of inner tube portion 103 is entirely the microwave inlet, and in other embodiments, end plate 106 seals a portion of the inlet of inner tube portion 103, which is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper end of inner tube portion 103.

Further, the inner tube 103 is provided with a seal at an end opposite to the microwave inlet. The portion between the inner tube part 103 and the outer tube part 104 may be left open at the outlet end, while the inner tube part 103 may be sealed at this end by a seal which may block microwaves from being emitted from the inner tube part 103 to the outside, so that the microwaves remain in the inner tube part 103. In this configuration, the microwave cavity 101 is substantially enclosed by the end plate 106, the inner tubular portion 103 and a seal (not labeled in fig. 3), which may be a metal plate.

In addition, the pyrolysis reactor includes a microwave introduction pipe 107, and the microwave introduction pipe 107 includes an involute pipe connected to the microwave inlet and a microwave pipe connected to a small end of the involute pipe. The microwave introduction pipe 107 may be connected to a microwave emitting device to introduce microwaves into the microwave compartment 101; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the microwave introducing pipe 107 includes a microwave pipe with a substantially constant inner diameter and an increasing inner diameter, and the small end of the expanding pipe is connected to the microwave pipe, and the inner diameter of the large end of the expanding pipe is closer to the inner diameter of the microwave chamber 101, so that the microwave can be more uniformly diffused into the microwave chamber 101 through the expanding pipe.

In addition, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pyrolysis reactor includes a conveying part 200, the conveying part 200 includes a main pipe part 201 and a plurality of branch pipe parts 202 connected to the main pipe part 201, and the plurality of branch pipe parts 202 are connected to the plurality of reaction chambers 102 in a one-to-one correspondence. The reactants may first enter the main pipe portion 201 and then enter the plurality of branch pipe portions 202 to distribute the fluidized reactants, and the inner diameters of the plurality of branch pipe portions 202 may be substantially the same to substantially equalize the flow rates of the fluidized reactants into the respective reaction compartments 102.

Further, the conveying part 200 includes a material distributing part 206 partially disposed in the outlet end of the main pipe part 201, the material distributing part 206 includes a plurality of material distributing openings 203 communicated with the plurality of branch pipe parts 202 in a one-to-one correspondence, the material distributing openings 203 are surrounded by a plurality of cones and the main pipe part 201, and the small ends of the cones face the inlet end of the main pipe part 201. The small ends of the cones of the material distribution port 203 face the inlet end of the main pipe part 201 from the outlet end, the conical surfaces of the cones are inclined surfaces, reactants are not easy to accumulate on the inclined surfaces, the material distribution port 203 is enclosed by the cones and the main pipe part 201 (mainly the inner peripheral surface of the main pipe part), so that dead corners do not exist basically, a structure capable of accumulating reaction does not exist, and fluidized reactants in the main pipe part 201 cannot accumulate around the material distribution port 203 when flowing towards the outlet end.

Further, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the distributing member 206 includes a first cone 204 provided at a central axis of an outlet end of the main pipe portion 201, and a plurality of second cones 205 arranged circumferentially along an inner circumferential surface of the main pipe portion 201, a large end of the second cones 205 being partially connected to a large end of the first cone 204, and the number of the second cones 205 being the same as the number of the distributing openings 203. That is, the distributing member 206 is mainly composed of a first cone 204 at the center and a plurality of second cones 205 surrounding the first cone 204, the first cone 204 and the second cones 205 and the main pipe portion 201 enclose the respective distributing openings 203, the reactant is hardly accumulated on the inner peripheral surface of the main pipe portion 201, the tapered surfaces of the first cone 204 and the second cones 205, and the distributing openings 203 are enclosed by a plurality of surfaces having a streamline shape, so that the accumulation of the material can be substantially prevented when the fluidized reactant passes through the distributing openings 203.

The first cone 204 and the second cone 205 are cones enclosing the material separating opening 203 with the main pipe portion 201, and these cones may be cones, pyramids, etc., and may be irregular cones, and the cones may be in the form of protrusions or depressions.

Further, the first cone 204 is a pyramid with the number of edges equal to the number of the material dividing openings 203, and the second cone 205 is connected to the edges of the first cone 204. For example, the first cone 204 may be a hexagonal pyramid, the second cones 205 may be six circumferentially spaced apart, each second cone 205 is connected to an edge of the first cone 204, and may be connected to a portion of the edge near the large end of the cone, and two adjacent second cones 205, the first cone 204 and the main pipe portion 201 enclose a dispensing opening 203. The first cone 204 may be a central symmetrical structure, and the plurality of second cones 205 are distributed in a central symmetrical manner about the central axis of the main tube portion 201, that is, the plurality of material distribution openings 203 have substantially the same structure, and the included angles of the adjacent material distribution openings 203 are the same, so as to ensure that the fluidized reactant is distributed more uniformly into the plurality of branch tube portions 202 through the plurality of material distribution openings 203.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the distributing member 206 includes a base plate portion 207 which is hermetically connected to the outlet end of the main pipe portion 201, the base plate portion 207 is connected to the large end of the cone, and a through hole which communicates with each of the distributing openings 203 is provided in the base plate portion 207, and the branch pipe portion 202 is connected to the through hole. The base plate portion 207 provides support for the more dispersed cones, and seals the outlet end of the main pipe portion 201, the large ends of the cones can be integrally connected to the base plate portion 207, and the through holes in the base plate portion 207 are communicated with the corresponding branch pipe portions 202 so as to communicate the branch ports 203 with the corresponding branch pipe portions 202. In actual manufacturing, the cone and the base plate 207 may be integrally connected, and the through hole of the base plate and the material separating port 203 have substantially no distinct boundary, and may be regarded as the same structure, and different terms are defined herein only for the sake of clearer explanation.

Further, a first air flow duct 208 is connected to a side of the main duct portion 201, and a second air flow duct 209 is connected to a side of the branch duct portion 202. A reactant such as solid particles may be introduced into the main duct portion 201 through the inlet end thereof, and fluidized air, which may be a gas substantially non-reactive with the solid particles such as an inert gas, argon, nitrogen, etc., may be introduced into the main duct portion 201 through the first fluidizing air line 208; similarly, a second fluidizing air pipe 209 may be additionally connected to the branch pipe portion 202 to further input fluidizing air into the fluidized reactant, so that the reactant may be maintained in a fluidized state, the fluidizing gas may be the same as the first fluidizing air pipe 208, or a different gas may be used, but the different gas and the reactant should be maintained to be unreactive, and the reaction between the two gases should not be facilitated.

In addition, the pyrolysis reactor includes a solid-gas separation part 300 connected to an outlet end of the reaction part 100. The inner pipe part 103 and the outer pipe part 104 of the reaction part 100 are both vertically disposed, and the lower end thereof is an outlet end, and the lower end of the outer pipe part 104 may be connected to the solid-gas separation part 300 to separate the solid and gas generated by the reaction. Wherein the lower end of the outer pipe portion 104 may include a tapered portion so that the outlet is relatively small for facilitating connection with the solid-gas separation portion 300.

The solid-gas separation unit includes a main body 301 connected to the reaction unit 100, and an exhaust pipe 302 connected to the main body 301. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the main body 301 is connected to the reaction part 100 at its upper end, and can discharge a separated product, for example, a solid product, at its lower end, and can discharge a separated gas through the gas discharge pipe 302.

Optionally, the pyrolysis reactor is a pyrolysis coal reactor. The pyrolysis reactor can be used for pyrolyzing coal, in the conveying part 200, coal powder can be conveyed into the main pipe part 201, the coal powder is fluidized through nitrogen, the fluidized coal powder is divided through the dividing part 206 and then enters each branch pipe part 202, the fluidized coal powder further enters the reaction chamber 102 of the reaction part 100, microwaves in the microwave chamber 101 are radiated into the reaction chamber 102 to heat the coal powder to decompose the coal powder to generate pyrolysis gas and semicoke, the pyrolysis gas and the semicoke are separated in the solid-gas separation part 300, the pyrolysis gas can be discharged through the exhaust pipe 302, oil products are formed after condensation, and the semicoke is discharged into the collection container in the main body part 301 to be cooled so as to be conveyed and stored.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the specific features in any suitable way, and the invention will not be further described in relation to the various possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis reactor, characterized in that the pyrolysis reactor comprises a reaction part (100), the reaction part (100) comprises a microwave compartment (101) and a reaction compartment (102) arranged around the microwave compartment (101), the microwave compartment (101) is connectable to a microwave launcher for introducing microwaves, the microwaves in the microwave compartment (101) are radiable into the reaction compartment (102).

2. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reaction portion (100) comprises a plurality of reaction compartments (102) arranged circumferentially around the microwave compartment (101).

3. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 2, wherein the reaction part (100) comprises an inner tube part (103) defining the microwave chamber (101), an outer tube part (104) sleeved on the inner tube part (103), a baffle plate (105) extending from the inner tube part (103) to the outer tube part (104), the adjacent baffle plate (105), the inner tube part (103) and the outer tube part (104) enclosing the reaction chamber (102).

4. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner tube part (103) is at least partly made of silica brick with micro-pores formed inside.

5. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 3, wherein the reaction part (100) comprises an end plate (106) connected to the inlet end of the inner tube part (103) and the inlet end of the outer tube part (104), the end plate (106) being provided with a feed hole communicating with each of the reaction compartments (102) and a microwave inlet communicating with the microwave compartment (101).

6. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 5, wherein the inner tube part (103) is provided with a seal at an end opposite the microwave inlet.

7. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 5, comprising a microwave inlet duct (107), the microwave inlet duct (107) comprising an expanding duct connected to the microwave inlet and a microwave duct connected to a small end of the expanding duct.

8. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 2, comprising a conveying part (200), the conveying part (200) comprising a main pipe part (201) and a plurality of branch pipe parts (202) connected to the main pipe part (201), the plurality of branch pipe parts (202) being connected to the plurality of reaction compartments (102) in a one-to-one correspondence.

9. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 8, wherein the conveying portion (200) comprises a distribution member (206) partially disposed in an outlet end of the main pipe portion (201), the distribution member (206) comprising a plurality of distribution ports (203) communicating with the plurality of branch pipe portions (202) in one-to-one correspondence, the distribution ports (203) being surrounded by a plurality of cones and the main pipe portion (201), a small end of the cone facing the inlet end of the main pipe portion (201).

10. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 9, wherein the distribution member (206) comprises a first cone (204) provided at a central axis of the outlet end of the main pipe portion (201) and a plurality of second cones (205) arranged circumferentially along an inner peripheral surface of the main pipe portion (201), a large end of the second cones (205) being partially connected to a large end of the first cone (204), the number of the second cones (205) being the same as the number of the distribution ports (203).

11. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that the first cone (204) is a pyramid with a number of edges equal to the number of distribution openings (203), and the second cone (205) is connected to the edges of the first cone (204).

12. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 9, wherein the distribution member (206) comprises a base plate portion (207) sealingly connected to the outlet end of the main pipe portion (201), the base plate portion (207) being connected to the large end of the cone, and a through hole communicating with each of the distribution ports (203) is provided in the base plate portion (207), and the branch pipe portion (202) is connected to the through hole.

13. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that a first fluidizing air pipe (208) is connected to a side of the main pipe portion (201), and a second fluidizing air pipe (209) is connected to a side of the branch pipe portion (202).

14. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, comprising a solid-gas separation section (300) connected to an outlet end of the reaction section (100).

15. A pyrolysis reactor according to claim 14, wherein the solid-gas separation part comprises a main body part (301) connected to the reaction part (100) and an exhaust pipe (302) connected to the main body part (301).

16. A pyrolysis reactor according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is a pyrolysis coal reactor.