CN113908679A - Synthetic gas purification method - Google Patents
Synthetic gas purification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113908679A CN113908679A CN202111125787.0A CN202111125787A CN113908679A CN 113908679 A CN113908679 A CN 113908679A CN 202111125787 A CN202111125787 A CN 202111125787A CN 113908679 A CN113908679 A CN 113908679A
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- gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/79—Injecting reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/406—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment and resource recycling, and relates to a synthetic gas purification method which is carried out by a synthetic gas purification system and comprises the following steps: the synthetic gas is discharged from a plasma gasification furnace, enters a waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery, the temperature is reduced to be more than 100 and T is less than or equal to 160 ℃, then is subjected to cloth bag dust removal, enters a washing tower and is in countercurrent contact with an alkali absorption liquid, hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia are removed, flying dust is further removed, the temperature of the synthetic gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃, then the synthetic gas is in indirect contact with water in an indirect cooler, the temperature of the synthetic gas is reduced to be less than 50 ℃, finally, the water carried by a drip catcher is further removed, and the fuel suitable for a gas boiler or an internal combustion engine is obtained. The method is more environment-friendly and energy-saving, and can effectively utilize the energy in the garbage treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment and resource recycling, and particularly relates to a synthetic gas purification method.
Background
The arc generated by the thermal plasma discharge has an extremely high temperature, which generates radiant heat, convective heat transfer, and electron-induced heat transfer, among others. Can melt dangerous waste to form harmless products. The main formation is simple gas molecules (mainly CO and H)2) Vitreous body and fusionThe elemental metal of (1). In the reaction cavity of the plasma gasification furnace, gas is positioned at the upper part, a molten glass body is positioned at the middle part, and a metal simple substance is positioned at the lower part. The formation of gas molecules is a process of plasma gasification and the formation of glass bodies is a process of plasma vitrification. The time for the waste to complete the conversion through the plasma chemical reaction is between 0.01 and 0.5 s. Almost all organic and many inorganic substances undergo oxidation or reduction reactions to decompose into atoms and the simplest molecules in the high temperature environment of the thermal plasma. These atoms and molecules are re-synthesized at lower temperatures to form thermodynamically stable compounds (oxides, hydrides, halides, etc.) of 2 to 3 atoms. The formation of these compounds depends on the composition of the waste being treated and the gases forming the plasma, and in addition, the gases formed by these organic substances can be converted into a mixture of gases as fuel. When the fuel gas contains HCl gas, the fuel gas needs to be purified before entering a gas boiler or an internal combustion engine, otherwise, the HCl gas can be recombined to form dioxin harmful gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a synthetic gas purification method, which aims to effectively avoid the dioxin formed by compounding, ensure that the garbage treatment is more environment-friendly and energy-saving, and effectively utilize the energy in the garbage treatment.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the adopted technical scheme is as follows: a synthetic gas purification method is implemented by a synthetic gas purification system, wherein the synthetic gas purification system comprises a plasma gasification furnace, a waste heat boiler, a bag-type dust remover, a synthetic gas exhaust fan, a washing tower, an intercooler and a drop catcher; the purification method comprises the following steps:
1) the synthesis gas is discharged through a top flue of the plasma gasification furnace, and then enters a waste heat boiler, and the temperature T is more than 100 and less than or equal to 160 ℃ after waste heat recovery;
2) the synthesis gas cooled in the step 1) enters a bag-type dust collector for dust removal, so that the residual fly ash in the synthesis gas is less than or equal to 10mg/Nm3；
3) Feeding the synthesis gas subjected to dust removal in the step 2) from the lower part of the washing tower through a synthesis gas exhaust fan, and carrying out countercurrent contact with an alkali absorption liquid in the washing tower to remove hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia and further remove fly ash, wherein the temperature of the synthesis gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃;
4) and then the synthetic gas is discharged from the top of the washing tower and enters an indirect cooler from the lower part of the indirect cooler, the synthetic gas is in indirect contact with water in the indirect cooler, the temperature of the synthetic gas is reduced to below 50 ℃, moisture carried in the synthetic gas is condensed along with the reduction of the gas temperature, and finally the synthetic gas is further removed by a droplet catcher to obtain the fuel suitable for a gas boiler or an internal combustion engine.
Because the gas components passing through the waste heat boiler are combustible gas and run under negative pressure, in order to reduce the air leakage rate and reduce the detonation risk, the waste heat boiler is preferably a membrane wall type waste heat boiler.
And further, the device also comprises a cooling tower and a circulating pool, wherein the solution flowing out of the bottom of the washing tower passes through a pipeline and is cooled in the cooling tower, the cooled solution directly enters the circulating pool for graded filtration and precipitation, the supernatant is separated, and the supernatant is pumped into the washing tower by a washing tower circulating pump after being supplemented with NaOH solution for recycling. The solution flowing out of the bottom of the washing tower has crystallized salts and dust deposited inside the circulating tank along with the increasing concentration, the high solid-containing concentrated phase liquid at the bottom is periodically discharged into the double-tower double-medium wet desulphurization tower or is directly subjected to a water removal treatment process, most of clear liquid can be recycled, and as the gas temperature is higher, part of water is carried into the intercooler, so that the circulating tank needs to periodically replenish new water.
Furthermore, the alkali absorption liquid is sprayed and atomized by a spiral nozzle arranged at the upper part of the washing tower.
In order to increase the internal contact area and achieve better cooling effect and effectively remove the moisture in the synthesis gas so as to increase the calorific value of the synthesis gas, the indirect cooler is further provided with a tube pass and a shell pass, the tube pass adopts a fin tube structure, circulating cooling water is introduced, and the synthesis gas is introduced into the shell pass.
In order to better meet the requirements of an internal combustion engine or a gas boiler on synthesis gas and recycle of ash, the cloth bag dust remover is preferably formed by connecting 6 independent cylindrical pulse cloth bag dust removers in parallel. Specifically, a bag-type dust collector is arranged behind the waste heat boiler, the bag-type dust collector is composed of 6 independent cylindrical dust collectors, the synthetic gas from a main synthetic gas pipe enters the lower parts of the cylindrical bag-type dust collectors through branch pipes, after air equalization and mechanical separation are carried out through a flow guide device, the synthetic gas upwards passes through a bag filter, fine dust is attached to the outer surface of a filter bag, and the clean synthetic gas is collected to a gas purification box through the filter bag and is collected to the main pipe through a clean synthetic gas branch pipe. After a certain time, the resistance of the dust remover gradually rises along with the increase of dust on the surface of the filter bag. When the resistance rises to a certain numerical value, the host PLC control system sends out an ash removal signal, nitrogen is sprayed in from the bag opening through the spray pipe and is sprayed into the filter bag after being drained through the Venturi tube, dust on the outer surface of the filter bag is shaken off under the impact vibration of the pulse airflow and falls into the lower conical ash bucket, and 6 independent cylindrical dust collectors can be cut off through the valve, so that the overhaul and the maintenance are convenient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: can smoothly remove hydrogen chloride, ammonia gas and fly ash in the synthesis gas, and the ammonia gas content in the synthesis gas after washing is less than or equal to 10mg/m3The hydrogen chloride gas content is less than or equal to 20mg/m3Has the characteristics of environmental protection and high efficiency, and can better realize resource recycling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view (front view direction) of a syngas purification system in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view (in a plan view) of a syngas purification system in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. the system comprises a plasma gasification furnace, 2, a top flue of the plasma gasification furnace, 3, a waste heat boiler, 4, a bag-type dust remover, 5, a synthetic gas exhaust fan, 6, a washing tower, 7, an intercooler and 8, a drip catcher.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other embodiments according to the disclosure of the present invention, or make simple changes or modifications on the design structure and idea of the present invention, and fall into the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the following examples:
the synthesis gas purification method of the embodiment is implemented by a synthesis gas purification system as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the synthesis gas purification system comprises a plasma gasification furnace, a waste heat boiler 3, a bag-type dust collector 4, a synthesis gas exhaust fan 5, a washing tower 6, an intercooler 7 and a droplet catcher 8; the purification method comprises the following steps:
1) the synthesis gas is discharged through a top flue 2 of the plasma gasification furnace, and then enters a waste heat boiler 3, and the temperature of the waste heat boiler is more than 100 and less than or equal to 160 ℃ (the temperature is about 160 ℃ in the embodiment);
2) the synthesis gas cooled in the step 1) enters a bag-type dust collector 4 for dust removal, so that the residual fly ash in the synthesis gas is less than or equal to 10mg/Nm3；
3) The synthesis gas after dust removal in the step 2) is sent into a washing tower 6 from the lower part of the washing tower 6 through a synthesis gas exhaust fan 5, and is in countercurrent contact with an alkali absorption liquid in the washing tower 6 to remove hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia and further remove fly ash, and meanwhile, the temperature of the synthesis gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃;
4) the synthesis gas is then removed from the top of the scrubber 6 and fed into the indirect cooler from the lower part of the indirect cooler, where it is indirectly contacted with water to reduce the temperature of the synthesis gas to below 50 ℃, the moisture carried in the synthesis gas condenses as the gas temperature decreases, and finally the synthesis gas is further freed from the moisture carried by the drop catcher 8 to obtain a fuel suitable for use in gas boilers or internal combustion engines.
Because the gas components passing through the waste heat boiler 3 are combustible gas and run under negative pressure, in order to reduce the air leakage rate and reduce the detonation risk as much as possible, the waste heat boiler 3 is a membrane wall type waste heat boiler 3, and the flow of the synthetic gas entering the boiler is set to be 70358Nm3The temperature of the synthesis gas entering the furnace is 850 ℃.
In order to better meet the requirements of the internal combustion engine or the gas boiler on the synthesis gas and the recycling of the ash, the bag-type dust collector 4 in the embodiment is formed by connecting 6 independent cylindrical pulse bag-type dust collectors 4 in parallel. Specifically, a bag-type dust collector 4 is arranged behind the exhaust-heat boiler 3, the bag-type dust collector 4 is composed of 6 independent cylindrical dust collectors, the synthesis gas from the synthesis gas main pipe enters the lower parts of the cylindrical bag-type dust collectors through branch pipes, after air equalization and mechanical separation are carried out through a flow guide device, the synthesis gas upwards passes through a bag filter, fine dust is attached to the outer surface of a filter bag, and the clean synthesis gas is collected to a gas purification box through the filter bag and is collected to the main pipe through a clean synthesis gas branch pipe. After a certain time, the resistance of the dust remover gradually rises along with the increase of dust on the surface of the filter bag. When the resistance rises to a certain numerical value, the host PLC control system sends out an ash removal signal, nitrogen is sprayed in from the bag opening through the spray pipe and is sprayed into the filter bag after being drained through the Venturi tube, dust on the outer surface of the filter bag is shaken off under the impact vibration of the pulse airflow and falls into the lower conical ash bucket, and 6 independent cylindrical dust collectors can be cut off through the valve, so that the overhaul and the maintenance are convenient.
The synthesis gas purification system of this embodiment still includes cooling tower and circulation pond, and the solution that flows out from the scrubbing tower 6 bottom passes through the pipeline and cools down in the cooling tower, and hierarchical filtration and sediment are directly gone into in the circulation pond to the solution after the cooling, and the supernatant fluid of branch, the supernatant fluid reuse scrubbing tower 6 circulating pump in 6 internal recycle of scrubbing tower after replenishing the NaOH solution. The solution flowing out of the bottom of the washing tower 6 has crystallized salts and dust deposited inside the circulation tank along with the increasing concentration, the high solid-containing concentrated phase liquid at the bottom is periodically discharged into the double-tower double-medium wet desulphurization tower or is directly subjected to a water removal treatment process, most of the clarified liquid can be recycled, and as the gas temperature is higher, part of water is carried into the intercooler 7, so that the circulation tank needs to periodically supplement new water.
The alkali absorption liquid of this embodiment is sprayed and atomized from a spiral nozzle provided at the upper part of the washing tower 6. Specifically, after dust removal, the synthesis gas with the temperature of about 160 ℃ enters a washing tower 6, enters the washing tower 6 from the lower part, is in countercurrent contact with water liquid in the tower, is in contact collision with water drops (solution) by utilizing hydrogen chloride in the synthesis gas to react with the water drops (solution), flying dust in the synthesis gas and the solution collide with each other, the weight of the synthesis gas is greatly increased, the synthesis gas is settled by the action of gravity, the gas temperature is reduced to about 100 ℃, hydrogen chloride and a small amount of ammonia contained in the gas are removed, then the synthesis gas enters an indirect cooler to be cooled, enters the indirect cooler from the lower part, is in indirect contact with water in the indirect cooler, the temperature of the synthesis gas is reduced to below 50 ℃, and moisture carried in the synthesis gas is condensed along with the reduction of the gas temperature.
In order to increase the internal contact area, achieve better cooling effect and effectively remove the moisture in the synthesis gas so as to increase the heat value of the synthesis gas, the indirect cooler is provided with a tube pass and a shell pass, the tube pass adopts a fin tube structure, circulating cooling water is introduced, and the synthesis gas is introduced into the shell pass.
The synthesis gas purification method of the embodiment can smoothly remove hydrogen chloride, ammonia gas and fly ash in the synthesis gas, and the ammonia gas content in the washed synthesis gas is less than or equal to 10mg/m3The hydrogen chloride gas content is less than or equal to 20mg/m3Has the characteristics of environmental protection and high efficiency, and can better realize resource recycling.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be equivalent or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for purifying synthesis gas, which is characterized in that: the method is implemented through a synthetic gas purification system, wherein the synthetic gas purification system comprises a plasma gasification furnace, a waste heat boiler, a bag-type dust collector, a synthetic gas exhaust fan, a washing tower, an intercooler and a drop catcher; the purification method comprises the following steps:
1) the synthesis gas is discharged through a top flue of the plasma gasification furnace, and then enters a waste heat boiler, and the temperature T is more than 100 and less than or equal to 160 ℃ after waste heat recovery;
2) step 1) reductionThe warmed synthesis gas enters a bag-type dust collector for dust removal, so that the residual fly ash in the synthesis gas is less than or equal to 10mg/Nm3；
3) Feeding the synthesis gas subjected to dust removal in the step 2) from the lower part of the washing tower through a synthesis gas exhaust fan, and carrying out countercurrent contact with an alkali absorption liquid in the washing tower to remove hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia and further remove fly ash, wherein the temperature of the synthesis gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃;
4) and then the synthetic gas is discharged from the top of the washing tower and enters an indirect cooler from the lower part of the indirect cooler, the synthetic gas is in indirect contact with water in the indirect cooler, the temperature of the synthetic gas is reduced to below 50 ℃, moisture carried in the synthetic gas is condensed along with the reduction of the gas temperature, and finally the synthetic gas is further removed by a droplet catcher to obtain the fuel suitable for a gas boiler or an internal combustion engine.
2. The syngas purification method of claim 1, wherein: the waste heat boiler is a membrane wall type waste heat boiler.
3. The syngas purification method of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a cooling tower and a circulating pool, wherein the solution flowing out of the bottom of the washing tower is cooled in the cooling tower through a pipeline, the cooled solution directly enters the circulating pool for graded filtration and precipitation, the supernatant is separated, and the supernatant is pumped into the washing tower for internal recycling through a washing tower circulating pump after being supplemented with NaOH solution.
4. A synthesis gas purification process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the solution flowing out of the bottom of the washing tower has crystallized salts and dust precipitated inside the circulating pool along with the increasing concentration, the high solid-containing concentrated phase liquid at the bottom is formed and periodically discharged to the double-tower double-medium wet desulphurization tower or a direct dewatering treatment process, and meanwhile, water is supplemented into the circulating pool as required.
5. The syngas purification method of claim 1, wherein: the alkali absorption liquid is sprayed and atomized by a spiral nozzle arranged at the upper part of the washing tower.
6. The syngas purification method of claim 1, wherein: the indirect cooler is provided with a tube pass and a shell pass, the tube pass adopts a finned tube structure, circulating cooling water is introduced, and synthesis gas is introduced into the shell pass.
7. The syngas purification method of claim 1, wherein: the bag-type dust collector is formed by connecting 6 independent cylindrical pulse bag-type dust collectors in parallel.
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| CN202111125787.0A CN113908679A (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Synthetic gas purification method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114904352A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-16 | 安徽紫科环保科技有限公司 | A exhaust gas purification device for rubber production |
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