CN113905999A - 用于种子处理的化学组合物 - Google Patents
用于种子处理的化学组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113905999A CN113905999A CN202080039801.2A CN202080039801A CN113905999A CN 113905999 A CN113905999 A CN 113905999A CN 202080039801 A CN202080039801 A CN 202080039801A CN 113905999 A CN113905999 A CN 113905999A
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Abstract
公开了一种处理豆科作物种子的液体组合物。该液体组合物包含磷、钼、钴和溶剂,其中钴以维生素B12的形式存在并且该组合物的pH值在6.0和7.5之间,并且其中该组合物包含单乙醇胺。还公开了一种制备豆科作物种子的方法,包括步骤:用液体组合物包被种子,用包含根瘤菌接种剂的组合物包被种子,以及干燥用两种组合物包被的种子。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了一种包含磷、钼、维生素B12和胺的组合物。还提供了一种制备这种组合物的方法和一种制备种子的方法。还涉及包含磷、钼、维生素B12和胺的组合物用于处理豆科作物种子的用途。
背景技术
农业中种子的包衣在现有技术中是众所周知的,并且出于多种原因进行。
为了对抗病虫害而对种子进行处理已有数百年的历史,从使用简单的无机物质(例如砷、硫酸铜和硫磺)来控制谷类作物的真菌病害开始。Schulthess于1761年首次报道了硫酸铜对小麦短打的活性。1942年引入了第一种广谱有机杀菌剂Thiram(Tisdale和Flenner)和1945年引入第一种有机杀虫种子处理剂-六氯环己烷(Slade)。
早期的种子处理产品是粉末,但现代配方往往是液体,因为它们使用起来更安全,并具有改进的应用性能。液体植物保护种子处理剂有多种配方类型,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮浓缩物和胶囊悬浮液。液体制剂可以基于有机溶剂或水基。
用植物养分或肥料涂覆种子在现有技术中也是已知的。磷是提供给种子的一种有趣的营养物质,因为它们有利于根系生长,从而增加植物从土壤中吸收养分的能力。
对于豆科作物,例如大豆(Glycine max)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、三叶草(Trifolium)、豌豆(Pisum sativum)、鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum)、青豆(Phaseolusvulgaris)、扁豆(Lens culinaris)和花生(Arachis hypogaea),通常的做法是用根瘤菌接种剂处理种子。豆科植物能够与根瘤内的根瘤菌形成共生关系,其可以固定大气中的氮,将其转化为植物可以使用的形式。
将根瘤菌接种剂应用于豆类种子可以增强这一过程并提高生产力。商业用途的接种剂组合物有干燥的、基于泥炭的制剂,例如CA512197中描述的那些,或作为液体制剂。
众所周知,微量营养素钼(Mo)和钴(Co)参与豆科植物的固氮过程,并且在农业中施用含有这两种微量营养素以及接种剂的肥料种子处理组合物已成为普遍做法。通常,这种类型的市售肥料种子处理基于无机盐,例如钼酸钠或钼酸铵作为钼源;和无机盐,如硫酸钴(II)、硝酸钴、二氯化钴、二乙酸钴、碳酸盐或氢氧化钴作为钴源。螯合形式的钴,例如EDTA钴、葡萄糖酸钴、葡萄糖庚酸钴和柠檬酸钴也已用作此类制剂中的钴源。此类典型的市售产品是含有约5%至15%w/w的Mo和1%至2%w/w的Co的水性液体组合物。市售产品的例子是:Stoller CoMo(Stoller Enterprises Inc.),含有6%w/w Mo钼酸钠和1%w/wCo硫酸钴;Wuxal Extra CoMo 15(Aglukon Spezialdunger GmbH&Co KG),含有150g/l Mo(10.3%w/w)和15g/l Co(1.03%w/w);MolyMix(Spray Gro),含有4.5%w/w Mo和1.8%w/wCo。
然而,这些钴源都对人体健康造成严重危害。例如,硫酸钴(II)、二氯化钴、二硝酸钴、二乙酸钴和碳酸钴都在全球协调制度下被归类为致癌和对生殖有毒。此外,根据欧盟的REACH法规,所有这些钴盐都包含在ECHA的高度关注物质清单中,需要授权。目前的做法对处理这些产品并将其应用到种子上的经营者和农民构成了重大的健康风险。尤其是在处理处理过的种子时,存在暴露于有害粉尘的重大风险。因此需要一种更安全的替代方案。
US5797976A(Yamashita,1998)公开了包含碳/骨架能量组分、含有至少一种氮源和一种磷源的常量营养素组分和维生素/辅因子组分的组合物。这些组合物可以以多种方式用于农业,包括,作为种子的涂层。特别地,公开了包含2wt%磷、0.003wt%钼和0.02wt%氰钴胺的组合物。
US2004/063582A1(Johnson,2004)公开了包含至少一种常量营养素、至少一种微量营养素、害虫抑制剂、至少一种生长调节剂、维生素/辅因子组分、氨基酸组分、渗透剂和能源的组合物,用于种子处理。
WO2008/090290A2(INRA,2008)公开了合成细胞培养基组合物,其中包含少量磷、钼、乙醇胺和维生素B12以及其他成分。
GB2568945A(Yara UK,2019)公开了包含乙醇胺和磷的组合物。
发明内容
根据第一方面,提供了一种包含磷、钼、钴、溶剂和单乙醇胺的液体组合物。钴以维生素B12的形式存在,该组合物的pH值介于6.0和7.5之间。
根据另一方面,提供了一种制备包含磷、钼、钴和单乙醇胺的液体组合物的方法。该方法包括步骤:提供磷源、钼源、维生素B12源和单乙醇胺的步骤;将磷源、钼源和维生素B12源与溶剂混合;加入一定量的单乙醇胺,使pH值在6.0到7.5之间。
根据另一方面,提供了一种制备豆科作物种子的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:用本文所述的液体组合物包衣种子,用包含根瘤菌接种剂的组合物包衣种子,以及干燥用两种组合物包衣的种子。
根据另一方面,提供了如本文所定义的液体组合物用于处理豆科作物的种子,特别是改善发芽的用途。
具体实施方式
除非另有定义,用于公开本发明的所有术语,包括技术和科学术语,具有本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的含义。通过进一步的指导,包括术语定义以更好地理解本发明的教导。
本说明书中引用的所有参考文献均被视为通过引用整体并入本文。
如本文所用,以下术语具有以下含义:
除非上下文另有明确规定,否则本文使用的“一”、“一”和“一个”是指单数和复数所指对象。举例来说,“一个隔间”是指一个或一个以上的隔间。
如本文所用,“约”是指诸如参数、量、持续时间等的可测量值,意在涵盖+/-20%或更小,优选+/-10%或更小,更优选+/-5%或更小,甚至更优选+/-1%或更小,并且还更优选+/-0.1%或更小的变化并且从指定值,到目前为止这样的变化适合在公开的发明。然而,应当理解,修饰语“约”所指的值本身也被具体公开。
如本文所用,“包含”、“包含”和“包含”和“包含”与“包括”、“包括”、“包括”或“包含”、“包含”、“包含”同义,并且是包括或指定以下内容的存在的开放式术语,例如组件,并且不排除或排除本领域已知的或其中公开的附加的、未列举的组件、特征、元件、构件、步骤的存在。
通过端点对数值范围的引用包括包含在该范围内的所有数字和分数,以及所引用的端点。
除非另有定义,否则此处和整个说明书中的表述“重量百分比”、“%wt”或“重量%”是指基于制剂总重量的相应组分的相对重量。
如本文所用,磷源是指植物可利用的含有磷原子的分子、盐或复合物,即植物将吸收该分子、盐或复合物并且能够利用所含的磷在此为其成长和发展。需要注意的是,维生素B12的不同维生素含有至少一个P原子,但是,该P原子嵌入维生素B12分子中,不会被植物用作P源。合适的P源在农业领域是众所周知的,包括正磷酸、多磷酸、它们的任何盐,例如磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵、磷酸钾和磷酸脲。
根据第一方面,提供了一种包含磷、钼、钴、溶剂和单乙醇胺的液体组合物。钴以维生素B12的形式存在,该组合物的pH值介于6.0和7.5之间。
在农业领域中已知用包含磷、钼和钴的组合物包衣种子。磷(P)有助于根系生长。用可用的磷源包覆种子可确保种子在第一个生长阶段有足够的磷,并能够长出强壮而长的根,一旦包覆在种子上的养分被消耗,就能够从土壤中吸收所需的养分。钼(Mo)是植物所需的微量营养素,已知参与植物的一系列生物过程。例如,硝酸还原酶的合成和活性需要它来减少植物中的硝酸盐氮。Mo对于豆科植物根瘤中的根瘤菌共生固氮也必不可少,这依赖于细菌Mo依赖性固氮酶的活性。钴(Co)还在共生固氮中发挥作用,并与钼互补。钴是维生素B12的重要成分,维生素B12参与多种生化过程,对根瘤菌的生长和发育至关重要。用于种子处理的组合物通常包含钴盐或螯合物作为钴源。然而,已知至少部分钴被转化为维生素B12。因此,假设直接向种子提供维生素B12会提高钴营养的效率。包衣在种子上,尤其是豆科作物种子上的组合物的一个重要标准是它们的pH值。事实上,豆科作物的种子经常喷洒根瘤菌接种剂。根瘤菌是一种能够将大气中的氮气固定为植物可利用的形式的细菌,例如铵离子,然后可以转化为硝酸盐,硝酸盐比铵更能被植物利用。根瘤菌更喜欢中性pH值的环境。6.0和7.5之间的pH值被认为是根瘤菌生长的理想选择。根瘤菌需要宿主来生长和固定氮气,据观察,它们在豆科作物的根瘤中生长得特别好。因此,用细菌接种这些作物的种子已成为普遍做法。这减少了必须提供给作物的含氮肥料的量,并改善了土壤质量。
然而,包含磷的液体组合物可能非常酸性,特别是如果磷源是磷酸,例如正磷酸或多磷酸。并且已经观察到包含铵、硝酸盐和/或尿素源的种子处理组合物延迟或抑制根瘤的形成,因此期望在用于种子处理的组合物中避免包含这些氮源的化合物。因此,不推荐用于肥料的常见磷源,例如磷酸铵、磷酸二铵、磷酸脲和多磷酸铵,尽管它们的pKa远高于磷酸。
此外观察到含有磷酸盐和钼酸盐,特别是钼酸钠的溶液不是很稳定:观察到沉淀和结晶。发现通过加入单乙醇胺可以将组合物的pH值提高到所需的水平。单乙醇胺是一种小的双齿分子,带有一个碱性位点,即伯胺。将其添加到组合物中可提高pH值,但也可稳定磷酸根阴离子。单乙醇胺不含任何植物可利用形式的氮,因此未观察到对根瘤生长的不利影响。
液体组合物的溶剂可以基本上是水,但也可以是包含水和其他适用于农业的溶剂如醇、二醇和它们的衍生物如醚的溶剂混合物。溶剂或溶剂混合物必须能够在室温下溶解液体组合物的不同组分。此外,它应该具有有限的健康风险,以方便农民或经营者使用。在一种实施方式中,溶剂基本上是水。
将本文公开的液体组合物涂覆在豆科作物的种子上,将种子干燥并播种在土壤中。发芽率以及根瘤的数量、根的质量和芽中干物质的量都增加了。
在一个实施方案中,组合物包含约10至约250g/l,特别是约50至约200g/l的磷,表示为P2O5。在液体组合物中具有高浓度的磷是有利的。这允许在不使用大量组合物的情况下为种子提供大量磷。然而,不希望和/或不可能使用具有更高浓度的组合物,因为这会导致稳定性问题并且还可能损坏种子。
在一个实施方案中,组合物包含约10至约250g/l,特别是约50至约200g/l的钼。在液体组合物中具有高浓度的钼是有利的。这允许在不使用大量组合物的情况下提供具有大量钼的种子。
在一个实施方案中,维生素B12以钴胺素、氰钴胺素、羟钴胺素、甲基钴胺素和腺苷钴胺素中的一种或多种存在。维生素B12也称为钴胺素,是一种金属复合物,其中芯有一个钴原子,周围环绕着一个柯林环(corrin ring)。柯林环是包含一个吡咯烷和三个二氢吡咯环的15元大环。由金属和柯林环组成的金属配合物不稳定,需要额外的配体,可以是氰基、羟基、甲基或5'-脱氧腺苷。
在一个实施例中,该组合物包含正磷酸。正磷酸是众所周知的适合农业用途的磷源。它被广泛使用并且被植物很好地吸收。
在一个实施方案中,组合物包含磷酸的钾盐。酸可以是正磷酸或多磷酸。钾是植物的一种营养素,因此将其提供给种子以帮助早期生长阶段可能是有利的。它与液体组合物的其他成分相容,不影响根瘤菌的发育。
在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含1至45重量%,特别是5至45重量%,更特别是10至40重量%,甚至更特别是15至40重量%的正磷酸。
在一个实施例中,该组合物包含1至20重量%的单乙醇胺。在一个实施方案中,组合物包含2至20重量%,特别是5至20重量%,更特别是5至15重量%,甚至更特别是10至15重量%的单乙醇胺。
在一个实施方案中,单乙醇胺与正磷酸的重量比为1:5至1:1,特别是1:3至1:1。需要调整单乙醇胺与正磷酸的重量比以优化组合物的特性。如果加入的单乙醇胺太少,溶液可能不够稳定,pH值可能不够高,根瘤菌不会处于最佳状态。如果使用过多的单乙醇胺,组合物的成本将不必要地增加,pH值可能增加太多并且营养含量会降低,因为单乙醇胺不会带来任何植物可利用的营养。
在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)或其任何一种盐,特别是乙二胺四乙酸四钠。制备含有磷酸根离子的水溶液时的风险是形成高度不溶性和水并沉淀出的磷酸钙的风险。优选使用具有低钙含量的水源来制备本文所述的水性组合物,然而,取决于农民可用的水源,这可能并不总是可行的。为防止磷酸钙沉淀,可加入对钙有强亲和力的螯合剂。该试剂将螯合水中存在的钙并防止任何磷酸钙的形成。EDTA是众所周知的、广泛使用的螯合剂,对钙有很强的亲和力。它对人类或植物也无毒,因此不会为使用水性组合物引入任何额外的预防措施。EDTA的另一个名称是2,2',2”,2”'-(乙烷-1,2-二基二硝基)四乙酸。
在一个实施方案中,组合物包含0.1至1.0重量%,特别是0.1至0.7重量%的EDTA。
在一个实施方案中,维生素B12的浓度范围为约125mg/l至500mg/l。结果表明,少量的维生素B12足以在农艺试验中获得显着的结果。这是令人惊讶的,因为典型的种子处理组合物含有高得多的Co负载量(1至2wt%),特别是考虑到与Co原子的重量相比维生素B12的高分子量。Co占维生素B12的约3.7至4.4重量%。
在一个实施方案中,液体组合物包含防冻剂,特别是选自甘油、单丙二醇、单乙二醇、糖类、糖醇或其混合物的组。出于在不同气候条件下的储存稳定性的原因,在种子处理组合物中加入防冻剂是有利的。防冻成分必须是农业上可接受的,并且对根瘤菌没有有害影响。合适的防冻添加剂是甘油、单丙二醇、单乙二醇、糖和糖醇,例如山梨糖醇。
在一个实施方案中,组合物包含生物抑制剂,特别是选自丙酸钠、乳酸及其混合物的组。在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含丙酸钠和乳酸。已经发现,如上所述的液体组合物易于通过例如霉菌的生长而发生生物腐败。因此在组合物中加入防腐剂是有利的。然而,使用典型的广谱杀菌剂如2-甲基-2H-异噻唑啉-3-酮(2-methyl-2H-isothiazolin-3-one)(MIT)或1,2-苯并异噻唑-(2H)-酮(1,2-benzisothiazol-(2H)-one)(BIT)是不可取的,因为它们可能会产生有害影响如果将组合物与接种剂共同施用于种子,则对根瘤菌进行治疗。因此,已经发现使用生物抑制剂如丙酸钠或乳酸更合适,因为它们保护组合物免于腐败,但当混合在共同施用的种子处理中时不会破坏根瘤菌。
在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含正磷酸、单乙醇胺、EDTA四钠、钼酸钠、氰钴胺、甘油、丙酸钠、乳酸和水。
在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含正磷酸,单乙醇胺、EDTA四钠、钼酸钠、氰钴胺、单丙二醇、丙酸钠、乳酸和水。
在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含正磷酸、单乙醇胺、EDTA四钠、钼酸钠、氰钴胺、单乙二醇、丙酸钠、乳酸和水。
在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含1至45wt%的正磷酸、1至20wt%的单乙醇胺、0.1至1.0wt%的EDTA四钠、1至25wt%的钼酸钠、0.001至1.0wt%的氰钴胺,特别是0.001至0.1wt%的氰钴胺、1至15wt%的甘油、0.01至1.0wt%的丙酸钠、0.01至1.0wt%的乳酸和40至80wt%的水。
根据另一方面,提供了一种制备包含磷、钼、钴和单乙醇胺的液体组合物的方法。该方法包括步骤:提供磷源、钼源、维生素B12源和单乙醇胺;将磷源、钼源和维生素B12源与溶剂混合;加入一定量的单乙醇胺,使pH值在6.0到7.5之间。
用于制备液体组合物的溶剂可以包括水,但也可以包括其他适用于农业的溶剂,例如醇类、二醇类和它们的衍生物,例如醚类。溶剂或溶剂混合物必须能够在室温下溶解液体组合物的不同组分。此外,它应该具有有限的健康风险,以方便农民或经营者使用。在一种实施方式中,溶剂基本上是水。
在一个实施方案中,根据上述方法制备的液体组合物包含约10至约250g/l,特别是约50至约200g/l的磷,表示为P2O5。
在一个实施方案中,根据上述方法制备的液体组合物包含约10至约250g/l,特别是约50至约200g/l的钼。
在一个实施例中,钼源主要是钼酸钠。
在一个实施方案中,维生素B12的来源选自钴胺素、氰钴胺素、羟钴胺素、甲基钴胺素、腺苷钴胺素及其混合物。
在一个实施方案中,磷源选自正磷酸、多磷酸或其任何盐的组。在一个实施方案中,磷源基本上是正磷酸。
在一个实施方案中,选择单乙醇胺的量使得最终组合物中单乙醇胺与正磷酸的重量比为1:5至1:1,特别是1:3至1:1。
在一个实施方案中,提供乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)或其任何一种盐,特别是乙二胺四乙酸四钠,并在上述步骤b)的溶液中混合。
在一个实施方案中,提供防冻剂并在上述步骤b)的溶液中混合。在一个实施方案中,防冻剂选自甘油、单丙二醇、单乙二醇、糖类、糖醇或其混合物的组。
在一个实施方案中,在上述步骤b)中的溶液中提供并混合生物抑制剂。在一个实施方案中,生物抑制剂选自丙酸钠、乳酸及其混合物。
根据另一方面,提供了一种制备豆科作物种子的方法。该方法包括步骤:用本文所述的液体组合物包被种子,用包含根瘤菌接种剂的组合物包被种子,以及干燥用这两种组合物包被的种子。
用液体溶液包被种子的方法在农业领域是众所周知的。任何已知的包衣方法都适用于实现本方法,例如,旋转式种子包衣机、滚筒式种子包衣机、流化床种子处理设备或标准混合滚筒。包衣应用的顺序对于获得所需的技术效果并不重要。包含磷、钼和维生素B12的组合物可以先被包被,然后是根瘤菌接种剂的包被;或者可在接种剂后进行包被;或者两种溶液可以同时添加到种子中。种子在室温下干燥,但它们也可能暴露在稍微预热的空气流中以加速干燥。
在一个实施方案中,将液体组合物以每吨约0.5升至每吨约5升的比率施用于种子。施用的比率应足够高,以便为种子提供足够的营养,但施用量过多可能会减少或减缓发芽。此外,高负载可能会使种子发粘,难以处理和传播。
在一个实施方案中,将包含根瘤菌接种剂的组合物以每吨约1升至每吨约10升的比率施用于种子。商业解决方案带有建议的施用率。考虑到其他液体组合物的应用,可以接受与推荐的小偏差。
在一个实施方案中,在种植种子之前或之后将本文所述的液体组合物直接施用于土壤。
根据另一方面,提供了如本文所定义的液体组合物用于处理豆科作物的种子,特别是改善发芽的用途。
实施例1
以下实施例显示了制备1升含有125mg/l氰钴胺的液体种子处理组合物所需的配方。所用原料等级如下:正磷酸-高纯度(食品级);90%单乙醇胺-由高纯度99%单乙醇胺稀释而成;EDTA四钠-工业级,86%分析;钼酸钠-高纯度钼酸二钠二水合物,最低39.5%w/wMo;氰钴胺-纯结晶级最低96%分析;甘油-工业级纯度最低99.5%;丙酸钠-食品级;乳酸-食品级80%。
用于制备组合物的方法如下:
将水(600ml)放入装有叶轮搅拌器的玻璃容器中。在搅拌下,按以下顺序加入组分,确保每一种组分完全溶解,然后继续下一种:EDTA四钠、90%单乙醇胺、75%正磷酸、乳酸、甘油、钼酸钠、氰钴胺(预先溶解在50ml水中)、丙酸钠。最后加入剩余的水使体积达到1升。
所得产物为澄清的红色溶液,具有以下理化特性:
该产品在室温、0℃和45℃下储存至少8周保持稳定。
实施例2
以下实施例显示了制备1升含有250mg/l氰钴胺的液体种子处理组合物所需的配方。
生产方法如上所述,所得产品为澄清的红色溶液,具有以下理化特性:
该产品在室温、0℃和45℃下储存至少8周保持稳定。
实施例3
以下实施例显示了制备1升含有500mg/l氰钴胺的液体种子处理组合物所需的配方。
生产方法如上所述,所得产品为澄清的红色溶液,具有以下理化特性:
该产品在室温、0℃和45℃下储存至少8周保持稳定。
实施例4
测试根据以上实施例1、2和3的种子处理组合物针对含有62.5g/l Mo和12.5g/lCo(衍生自钼酸钠和硫酸钴(II))的商业Co/Mo种子处理产品的农艺功效。该试验是在大豆(Glycine max)品种“Elena”上进行的,并采用六次重复的随机完整区组设计进行。将每种种子处理组合物与液体根瘤菌接种剂(“Liquifix”,Legume Technology Ltd)共同施用于大豆种子。试验中包括未处理的对照和仅用接种剂处理的对照。下表总结了试验中使用的治疗方法:
将处理过的种子风干过夜,然后将其播种到5cm的盆中,盆中装有由1:1蛭石和珍珠岩混合物(每盆一粒种子)组成的生长培养基。用去离子水浇灌盆并置于生长室中。在发芽期间继续用去离子水浇水。出苗后,用不含氮的半强度营养液(pH6.0)浇灌植物。播种后7天评估发芽率,播种后21天收获植物以记录形成的根瘤数。结果如下表所示:
序号 | 处理 | 发芽率(播种后7天) |
1 | 对照1–无处理 | 83.3% |
2 | 对照2–仅接种剂 | 72.2% |
3 | 商业Co/Mo产品 | 83.3% |
4 | 实施例1 | 100.0% |
5 | 实施例2 | 100.0% |
6 | 实施例3 | 88.9% |
实施例5
与含有62.5g/l Mo和12.5g/l Co(衍生自钼酸钠和硫酸钴(II))的商业Co/Mo种子处理产品对比,进一步测试以上实施例1和3的种子处理组合物的农艺功效。该试验在大豆(Glycine max),品种“Silverka”上进行,并使用4次重复以随机完整区组设计进行。将每种种子处理组合物与液体根瘤菌接种剂(“Liquifix”,Legume Technology Ltd)共同施用于大豆种子。试验中包括未处理的对照和仅用接种剂处理的对照。下表总结了试验中使用的处理:
序号 | 处理 | 接种比率 | 肥料种子处理比率 |
1 | 对照1–无处理 | - | - |
2 | 对照2–仅接种剂 | 4l/MT | - |
3 | 商业Co/Mo产品62.5g/l Mo和12.5g/l Co | 4l/MT | 2l/MT |
4 | 实施例1组合物–125mg/l氰钴胺 | 4l/MT | 2l/MT |
5 | 实施例3组合物–500mg/l氰钴胺 | 4l/MT | 2l/MT |
将处理过的种子风干过夜,然后播种到装有洗过的沙子的20cm盆中(每盆5粒种子)。将盆放在气候控制的温室中,并在发芽期间用去离子水浇水7天。出苗后,用不含氮的半强度营养液(pH6.0,含有P、K、Mg、Ca、B、Cu、Fe、Mn、Mo、Zn的一半最佳浓度)给植物浇灌。在播种后6周目视评估和收获植物。用水冲洗根系以去除粘附的沙子并记录以下参数:根瘤数、根干重、芽干重。检查根瘤以通过切开它们来评估它们是否活跃(将粉红色组织着色作为它们活跃的指示)。结果如下表所示:
收割时肉眼观察植株,未经任何处理的植株非常小,发育不良,叶片发黄;仅接种剂处理的植物表现出比未处理的对照植物更好的生长和发育,但比处理3、4和5中更大、更绿的植物更小且发育更差。当切开时,观察到来自处理3、4和5的植物的根瘤呈粉红色,表明它们是有活性的。观察到处理4和5中植物的根瘤尺寸整体比处理3中的大,表明处理4和5的根瘤更早建立。
Claims (16)
1.一种包含磷、钼、钴和溶剂的液体组合物,其中,钴以维生素B12的形式存在,并且所述的组合物的pH值介于6.0和7.5之间,
其特征在于,所述的组合物包含单乙醇胺。
2.根据权利要求1的液体组合物,其特征在于,所述的溶剂基本上是水。
3.根据权利要求1或2的液体组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含约10至约250g/l,特别是约50至约200g/l的磷,表示为P2O5。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的液体组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含约10至约250g/l,特别是约50至约200g/l的钼。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的液体组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含钼酸钠作为钼源。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的液体组合物,其特征在于,维生素B12以钴胺素、氰钴胺素、羟钴胺素、甲基钴胺素和腺苷钴胺素中的一种或多种形式存在。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的液体组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含正磷酸。
8.根据权利要求7所述的液体组合物,其特征在于,单乙醇胺与正磷酸的重量比为1:5至1:1,特别是1:3至1:1。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的液体组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)或其任何一种盐,特别是乙二胺四乙酸四钠。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的液体组合物,其特征在于,维生素B12的浓度范围为约125mg/l至500mg/l。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项的液体组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含防冻剂,特别是选自甘油、单丙二醇、单乙二醇、糖、糖醇或其混合物的组。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的液体组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含生物抑制剂,特别是选自丙酸钠和乳酸的组。
13.一种制备权利要求1至12中任一项所述的液体组合物的方法,包括以下步骤
a)提供磷源、钼源、维生素B12源和单乙醇胺;
b)将磷源、钼源和维生素B12源与溶剂混合;以及
c)加入一定量的单乙醇胺,使pH值介于6.0和7.5之间。
14.一种制备豆科作物种子的方法,包括步骤:
a)用权利要求1至12中任一项所述的液体组合物包衣种子;
b)用包含根瘤菌接种剂的组合物包衣种子;
c)干燥涂有两种组合物的种子。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤a)中,将液体组合物以每吨约0.5升至每吨约5升的比率施用于种子。
16.权利要求1至12中所述的液体组合物用于处理豆科作物的种子,特别是改善发芽的用途。
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BR112021023930A2 (pt) | 2022-01-18 |
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