CN113904306A - Overcurrent protection system of three-phase inverter circuit - Google Patents
Overcurrent protection system of three-phase inverter circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113904306A CN113904306A CN202111196733.3A CN202111196733A CN113904306A CN 113904306 A CN113904306 A CN 113904306A CN 202111196733 A CN202111196733 A CN 202111196733A CN 113904306 A CN113904306 A CN 113904306A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
- H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overcurrent protection system of a three-phase inverter circuit, and belongs to the technical field of overcurrent protection of alternating current-direct current-alternating frequency circuits. The existing overcurrent protection method of the inverter circuit has the problems of overcurrent protection, undervoltage protection and output short-circuit protection, and has the problems of low response speed and low safety coefficient. The invention provides an overcurrent protection system of a three-phase inverter circuit, which comprises a power supply, an STM32 microcontroller, a current sampling circuit, a current detection circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit, wherein the current detection circuit comprises a total current detection circuit and a phase current detection circuit, and the overcurrent protection circuit comprises an eight-input NAND gate circuit, a signal latch circuit and a tristate buffer gate circuit. The whole system can display the magnitude of instantaneous current under the normal working state, can respond very quickly when the overcurrent condition occurs to complete the overcurrent protection of the whole three-phase inverter circuit system, and has high response speed and high safety factor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of overcurrent protection of alternating current-direct current-alternating frequency circuits, and particularly relates to an overcurrent protection system of a three-phase inverter circuit.
Background
The frequency conversion technology at the present stage adopts an AC-DC-AC frequency conversion mode, and realizes the change of the circuit frequency by rectifying, filtering and then inverting and changing the output mode of an inverter circuit. The design theory has been developed and widely applied to the alternating current speed regulation system of the motor. The use of a microcontroller to output a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal and thus a controllable ac voltage with adjustable voltage frequency has become the mainstream control scheme at present. However, the impedance characteristic of the motor often causes a phenomenon that a large current is easily generated in the process of inversion speed regulation to cause the whole motor to be burnt. In the past, a software system is selected in individual design to realize current and voltage sampling protection. However, such a design has the disadvantages that the requirement on the read-write speed of the microcontroller is too high, the software system is easy to generate errors, and the later maintenance and program modification are inconvenient, so that the design is rarely available at present.
The inverter protection methods developed at present are mainly classified into overcurrent protection, undervoltage protection, output short-circuit protection and the like. The undervoltage protection is mainly to determine whether to perform protection action according to the comparison result of the voltage in unit time and a threshold value. The short-circuit protection method is mainly characterized in that whether the short-circuit protection action is triggered or not is determined according to whether the voltage is lower than a set threshold value in unit time or not and whether the current is higher than a set value or not. One problem of the scheme design at the present stage is that both under-voltage protection and output short-circuit protection methods have certain comparison time and slow response speed, and the whole IGBT module is often damaged in one moment in the process of using high-frequency PWM to debug, so that the safety factor is reduced due to the design result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides an overcurrent protection system of a three-phase inverter circuit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an overcurrent protection system of a three-phase inverter circuit comprises a power supply, an STM32 microcontroller, a current sampling circuit, a current detection circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit,
the power supply comprises a +/-15V power supply, a +5V power supply and a-15V power supply ground;
the current sampling circuit is used for collecting the current of the inverter main loop, the U phase and the V phase and converting a current signal into a Hall voltage signal;
the current detection circuit comprises a total current detection circuit 4 and a phase current detection circuit, the phase current detection circuit comprises a U-phase current detection circuit 5 and a V-phase current detection circuit 6,
the overcurrent protection circuit comprises an eight-input NAND gate circuit 7, a signal latch circuit 8 and a tri-state buffer gate circuit 9, the eight-input NAND gate circuit 7, the signal latch circuit 8 and the tri-state buffer gate circuit 9 are connected in sequence,
the current sampling circuit, the current detection circuit and the overcurrent protection circuit are sequentially connected, and the STM32 microcontroller is connected with the signal latch circuit 8 and the tristate buffer gate circuit 9.
In the above scheme, the current sampling circuit includes a hall current sensor 1, a hall current sensor 2 and a hall current sensor 3, the hall current sensor 1 is connected with the input end of the inverter circuit, and the hall current sensor 2 and the hall current sensor 3 are respectively connected with the output ends of the U phase and the V phase of the inverter circuit.
In the above scheme, the total current detection circuit 4 includes a voltage follower circuit and a single hysteresis comparison circuit, and the U-phase current detection circuit 5 includes a voltage follower circuit and a double hysteresis comparison circuit;
the single-hysteresis comparison circuit comprises an LM393 voltage comparator, a switch diode D3, a resistor R16, a resistor R19 and a potentiometer R17, wherein one end of the potentiometer R17 is connected with a +15V power supply, the other end of the potentiometer R17 is divided into two paths, one path of the potentiometer R17 is connected with a resistor R16 and a switch diode D6 in series and connected to the 1 st end of the LM393 voltage comparator, the other path of the potentiometer R19 is connected with the 2 nd end of the LM393 voltage comparator in series and connected with the switch diode D6, the hysteresis comparator is changed into a single-hysteresis comparator, and the potentiometer R17 and the resistor R19 are connected with a resistor in series and divided in voltage and used for adjusting the reference current of the LM393 voltage comparator;
the dual hysteresis comparison circuit includes two LM339 voltage comparators,
the V-phase current detection circuit 5 is the same as the U-phase current detection circuit 6,
in the above scheme, the signal latch circuit 8 includes an RS latch, a hardware reset key and a software reset unit, the hardware reset key and the software reset unit are connected to the 7 th end of the RS latch, and the hardware reset key and the software reset unit are used for performing next signal latch protection after overcurrent protection occurs and is solved.
In the scheme, the output port part of the tri-state buffer gate is connected with a row of pull-up resistors of about 3K, the pull-up resistors are used for preventing interference between the insides of the latches, and the tri-state buffer gate circuit can be used for turning off the IGBT inverter circuit.
In the scheme, the-15V power ground is used for separating the power supply of the device part from the power supply of the main system, so that the electrical isolation is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the overcurrent protection system of the inverter provided by the invention converts the current quantity of each part in the inverter circuit into the Hall voltage signal quantity by utilizing the Hall current sensor, and simultaneously utilizes the characteristics of rapidity of a hysteresis comparison circuit and parasitic coupling prevention of a voltage comparator to realize the protection of the whole inverter circuit system by switching the driving signal of the inverter circuit by a microcontroller through a locking circuit, and the whole system adopts the control mode of an STM32 microcontroller, so that the magnitude of the input current signal can be displayed in a display through the operation of a processor in the current sampling process, the instantaneous current can be displayed in the normal working state, and the overcurrent protection of the whole three-phase inverter circuit system can be completed by very quickly responding when the overcurrent condition occurs, and the response speed is high and the safety factor is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a Hall current sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an inverter total current detection circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a U-phase current detection circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an eight input NAND gate circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a signal latch according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a tri-state buffer gate circuit according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-hall current sensor 1; 2-hall current sensor 2; 3-hall current sensor 3; 4-total current detection circuit; a 5-U phase current detection circuit; a 6-V phase current detection circuit; 7-eight input NAND gate circuit; 8-signal latch circuit; 9-tri-state buffer gate circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention includes a power supply, an STM32 microcontroller, a current sampling circuit, a current detection circuit, and an over-current protection circuit,
the power supply comprises a +/-15V power supply, a +5V power supply and a-15V power supply ground; the-15V power ground is used for separating the power supply of the device part from the power supply of the main system to realize electrical isolation;
the sampling circuit is used for collecting the current of the inverter main loop, the U-phase and the V-phase and converting a current signal into a Hall voltage signal;
the current detection circuit comprises a total current detection circuit 4 and a phase current detection circuit, the phase current detection circuit comprises a U-phase current detection circuit 5 and a V-phase current detection circuit 6,
the overcurrent protection circuit comprises an eight-input NAND gate 7, a signal latch 8 and a tristate buffer gate 9, wherein the eight-input NAND gate 7, the signal latch circuit and the tristate buffer gate 9 are connected in sequence,
the current sampling circuit, the current detection circuit and the overcurrent protection circuit are sequentially connected, and the STM32 microcontroller is connected with the signal latch circuit 8 and the tristate buffer gate circuit 9.
The system can finally achieve frequency converter system protection including but not limited to 3KW power, so the voltage grade of a main circuit is higher, the protection circuit belongs to weak current signals relatively, in order to avoid mutual interference when the main circuit is detected, a Hall element with an electric isolation function is used for current signal detection of the main circuit part, referring to fig. 2, the current sampling circuit adopts three Hall current sensors to sample current, the Hall current sensor 1 is connected to the input end of an inverter circuit to be used as current sampling of an inverter main loop, the Hall current sensors 2 and 3 are respectively connected to a U phase and a V phase of the inverter output loop to be used as output three-phase current size sampling, and therefore the current signals are converted into Hall voltage signals;
referring to fig. 3, the sampled total current hall voltage signal will enter a comparison circuit for inversion total current detection, wherein in the inversion total current detection, in order to prevent the whole loop from fluctuating, a first stage voltage follower circuit is added at the front end of the signal comparison circuit for improving input impedance for isolation, wherein, an LM358 chip is adopted as an operational amplifier, resistors R10 and R7 are used for eliminating reflection, the reflected signal is prevented from oscillating at an input point, the signal quality is reduced, capacitors C11 and C13 are used for absorbing the reflected signal, oscillation is prevented, and meanwhile, the harmonic wave of the signal to the ground can be filtered to ensure the stability of the signal. Because the current of the U phase and the V phase is an alternating current signal, a double power supply of +/-15V is adopted to supply power to meet the variation range of the voltage, meanwhile, electrolytic capacitors C7 and C18 and ceramic capacitors C5 and C14 are added at the power supply end of each power supply to ensure the stability of the power supply, and a-15V power ground is used for separating the power supply of the device part from the power supply of the main system to realize electrical isolation.
The single hysteresis comparison circuit adopts an LM393 voltage comparator to form a hysteresis comparator, once the output state of the hysteresis comparator is converted, as long as the interference does not exceed delta U near the jump voltage value, the output voltage is stable, meanwhile, the positive feedback is carried out through a resistor R16, the threshold width is increased, the response speed of the comparator can be accelerated, the self-excited oscillation generated by the parasitic coupling of the circuit is avoided, and the condition of quick response is achieved; although the anti-interference capability is enhanced by increasing the threshold width, the sensitivity is also influenced by too large threshold width, and the recommended external circuit given by a device manual can find that the effect is best when R16 is 1M omega;
meanwhile, a switch diode D6 is designed in the circuit to change the hysteresis comparator into a single hysteresis comparator, positive feedback is not carried out when the output is at a high level, the sensitivity of the circuit in normal operation is ensured, positive feedback is added when the output is at a low level, the anti-interference is strong, the protection misoperation is prevented, and the action response speed in protection is high.
The selection of the reference voltage of the single hysteresis comparison circuit is generally adjustable, a reference voltage signal enters the input end of the comparator after being subjected to voltage division by the potentiometer R17 and the fixed current limiting resistor R17, and the simple calculation shows that the reference voltage is adjustable from 0.7V to 15V when the potentiometer is 50K omega and the fixed resistor is 2.5K omega. The upper limit of the signal which needs to be protected and is calculated before is 0.8V, the reference voltage is adjusted to 0.8V, if the reference voltage is considered later, when the current reaches a rated value of 10A, the converted voltage is only 4V, and the standard of debugging is completely met. The design method of the potentiometer can be suitable for various current ranges.
The same detection method is adopted for the inversion U, V phase current detection, which is explained by using the U-phase current detection, referring to fig. 4, the U-phase current detection circuit also adopts the design of a first-stage voltage follower, because the biggest advantage of protecting the current signal by the voltage signal is that the comparator has no current basically, so that the problem of great interference can be reduced, but the current output by the inversion circuit becomes positive and negative alternating current, so that the positive signal is protected and the negative signal is also protected, so that the signal comparison part adopts a double-limit hysteresis comparator to solve, and the double-limit hysteresis comparator adopts two LM339 voltage comparators. Because the output of the comparator only has two states of low level and high level, the integrated operational amplifier in the comparator normally works in a nonlinear region. The upper limit of the alternating current signal is compared, the lower limit is also compared, the larger the negative voltage is, the smaller the actual voltage is, the input interfaces of the upper limit and the lower limit are different, the negative comparison is performed by a positive input end, the positive comparison is performed by a negative input end, and the upper limit and the lower limit are ensured not to exceed the reference voltage.
The overcurrent protection circuit comprises an eight-input NAND gate circuit, a signal latch circuit and a three-state buffer gate circuit, wherein in the eight-input NAND gate circuit, a low level protection mode is selected in protection logic because all current detection adopts a positive feedback hysteresis comparator mode, and a high level signal is output at an output end when a path of low level appears in an input end signal according to the NAND logic;
since the output signal of the current comparison part is generated instantaneously, a signal latch circuit is required to be added after the output of the eight-input nand gate circuit. Referring to fig. 5, the signal latch circuit comprises an RS latch, a hardware reset key and a software reset unit, the hardware reset key and the software reset unit are connected to the 7 th end of the RS latch, the hardware reset key and the software reset unit are used for performing next signal latch protection after overcurrent protection occurs and is solved, the signal latch circuit defaults to a high level and resets to a low level, when the RS latch inputs the high level, the STM32 microcontroller controls the RS latch to reset through the software reset unit, and if a program of the STM32 microcontroller fails, manual reset can be performed through the hardware reset key, so that the safety and reliability of the system are greatly improved.
Referring to fig. 7, in the tri-state buffer gate circuit, since the CMOS output port cannot be suspended, a row of pull-up resistors of about 3K is added to the input portion to prevent interference between the latch interiors, the tri-state buffer gate circuit can be used to turn off the IGBT inverter circuit,
when a high-level trigger signal in the RS latch is input into the tri-state buffer gate, the output of the tri-state buffer gate is in a high-resistance state, so that a modulation signal of the inverter circuit is quickly cut off, the IGBT inverter circuit is switched off, and the overcurrent protection of the whole three-phase inverter circuit system is realized.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An overcurrent protection system of a three-phase inverter circuit is characterized by comprising a power supply, an STM32 microcontroller, a current sampling circuit, a current detection circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit,
the power supply comprises a +/-15V power supply, a +5V power supply and a-15V power supply ground;
the current sampling circuit is used for collecting the current of the inverter main loop, the U phase and the V phase and converting a current signal into a Hall voltage signal;
the current detection circuit comprises a total current detection circuit (4) and a phase current detection circuit, the phase current detection circuit comprises a U-phase current detection circuit (5) and a V-phase current detection circuit (6),
the overcurrent protection circuit comprises an eight-input NAND gate circuit (7), a signal latch circuit (8) and a tri-state buffer gate circuit (9), the eight-input NAND gate circuit (7), the signal latch circuit (8) and the tri-state buffer gate circuit (9) are connected in sequence,
the current sampling circuit, the current detection circuit and the overcurrent protection circuit are sequentially connected, and the STM32 microcontroller is connected with the signal latch circuit (8) and the tri-state buffer gate circuit (9).
2. The overcurrent protection system of the three-phase inverter circuit according to claim 1, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a hall current sensor (1), a hall current sensor (2) and a hall current sensor (3), the hall current sensor (1) is connected with an input end of the inverter circuit, and the hall current sensor (2) and the hall current sensor (3) are respectively connected with output ends of a U phase and a V phase of the inverter circuit.
3. The overcurrent protection system of the three-phase inverter circuit according to claim 1, wherein the total current detection circuit (4) comprises a voltage follower circuit and a single-hysteresis comparator circuit, and the U-phase current detection circuit (5) comprises a voltage follower circuit and a double-hysteresis comparator circuit;
the single hysteresis comparison circuit comprises an LM393 voltage comparator, a switch diode D3, a resistor R16, a resistor 19 and a potentiometer R17, wherein one end of the potentiometer R17 is connected with a +15V power supply, the other end of the potentiometer R17 is divided into two paths, one path of the potentiometer R17 is connected with the resistor R16 and the switch diode D6 in series and connected with the 1 st end of the LM393 voltage comparator, the other path of the potentiometer R3583 is connected with the 2 nd end of the LM393 voltage comparator in series and connected with the resistor R19 in series, the switch diode D6 is used for changing the hysteresis comparator into the single hysteresis comparator, and the potentiometer R17 and the resistor R19 are connected in series and divided in voltage and used for adjusting the reference current of the LM393 voltage comparator;
the dual hysteresis comparison circuit includes two LM339 voltage comparators,
the V-phase current detection circuit (5) is the same as the U-phase current detection circuit (6).
4. The overcurrent protection system of the three-phase inverter circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal latch circuit (8) comprises an RS latch, a hardware reset key and a software reset unit, the hardware reset key and the software reset unit are connected to the 7 th end of the RS latch, and the hardware reset key and the software reset unit are used for performing next signal latch protection after overcurrent protection occurs and is solved.
5. The overcurrent protection system of the three-phase inverter circuit according to claim 1, wherein an output port of the tri-state buffer gate is connected with a row of pull-up resistors of about 3K, the pull-up resistors are used for preventing interference between the insides of the latches, and the tri-state buffer gate circuit can be used for turning off the IGBT inverter circuit.
6. The overcurrent protection system for the three-phase inverter circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein the-15V power ground is used to separate the device portion power supply from the main system power supply for electrical isolation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111196733.3A CN113904306A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Overcurrent protection system of three-phase inverter circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111196733.3A CN113904306A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Overcurrent protection system of three-phase inverter circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113904306A true CN113904306A (en) | 2022-01-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111196733.3A Pending CN113904306A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Overcurrent protection system of three-phase inverter circuit |
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- 2021-10-14 CN CN202111196733.3A patent/CN113904306A/en active Pending
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