CN113900049A - Three-phase transformer fault detection method - Google Patents
Three-phase transformer fault detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113900049A CN113900049A CN202111180693.3A CN202111180693A CN113900049A CN 113900049 A CN113900049 A CN 113900049A CN 202111180693 A CN202111180693 A CN 202111180693A CN 113900049 A CN113900049 A CN 113900049A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013024 troubleshooting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0096—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for measuring wires, electrical contacts or electronic systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/72—Testing of electric windings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J2005/0077—Imaging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fault detection method for a three-phase transformer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1 wiring test: short-circuiting one phase winding in three-phase windings of the transformer, applying voltage to the remaining two groups of windings, and acquiring current data and voltage data of the transformer in the process; s2 determining faulty winding: if the test current value is in the standard current interval and the test voltage value is in the standard voltage interval in the S1, the short-circuited phase winding is a fault winding; if the test current value is not in the standard current region or/and the test voltage value is not in the standard voltage region in the S1, the short-circuited phase winding has no fault; finally finding out a fault winding in three phases by adopting the method of S1; s3 determining the location of the fault point: and applying voltage to the fault winding from low to high, scanning and measuring the temperature of the fault winding by an infrared imaging temperature measuring instrument, wherein the higher temperature is a fault point. The invention can quickly and accurately locate the fault, avoid further deterioration of the fault point and enlarge the fault range.
Description
Field of application
The invention relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to a fault detection method for a three-phase transformer.
Background
In recent years, with the development of the power industry in China, the demand of products such as distribution transformers, power transformers and special transformers is remarkably increased, and faults such as turn-to-turn, interlayer and section short circuits often occur to the transformer products under the influence of various overvoltage environments in the production, manufacturing and operation processes of the transformer products due to the quality of raw materials, operation and operation processes. After the transformer fails, the transformer needs to be detected in time to find out the failure point.
The transformer fault detection methods provided in the prior art are generally divided into two types: firstly, a transformer body of the oil-immersed transformer is lifted out of an oil tank, a fault phase is disassembled, and the problems of high-voltage winding, low-voltage winding and other winding outgoing lines are not known, so that the oil-immersed transformer generally needs to be disassembled in sequence, the workload is large, the number of scrapped components is large, and the rework cost is high; secondly, after the fault transformer body is lifted out of the oil tank, time voltage is directly connected into the atmosphere until a fault part smokes and catches fire due to overhigh temperature, so that a fault point is worsened, the fault range is enlarged, the fire protection requirement in the test process is higher, and large-area fire is easy to happen.
When the transformer breaks down, the power failure time of the power grid is further shortened, the product rework period is shortened, and the product rework cost is reduced. The transformer fault detection method and system are urgently needed, and the detection efficiency is high, the fault point position judgment is accurate, and the fault point is not aggravated or enlarged in the analysis and troubleshooting process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of large workload or enlarged fault range of detection when the transformer has faults in the prior art, provides a fault detection method of a three-phase transformer, and adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the aim: a fault detection method for a three-phase transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 wiring test: short-circuiting one phase winding in three-phase windings of the transformer, connecting two windings which are not short-circuited in series, and then applying voltage to the windings which are not short-circuited to obtain current data and voltage data of the transformer in the process;
s2 determining faulty winding: if the test current value is in the standard current interval and the test voltage value is in the standard voltage interval in the S1, the short-circuited phase winding is a fault winding; if the test current value is not in the standard current region or/and the test voltage value is not in the standard voltage region in the S1, the short-circuited phase winding has no fault; finally finding out a fault winding by adopting the method of S1;
s3 determining the location of the fault point: and (5) extracting the fault winding determined by S2, applying voltage to the fault winding from low to high, scanning and measuring temperature of the fault winding by an infrared imaging temperature measuring instrument in the process, wherein the higher temperature position is a fault point.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 further includes a voltage regulator, where a low-voltage side of the voltage regulator is connected in series with the power supply, and a high-voltage side of the voltage regulator is connected in series with two windings that are not short-circuited, and the windings are supplied with voltage through the voltage regulator.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 further includes a voltage transformer connected in series with the two windings that are not shorted.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the voltmeter is connected in parallel between the voltage regulator and the transformer, and the ammeter is connected in series between the transformer and the high voltage side of the voltage regulator.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 further includes: the applied voltage value range is 10% or less of the rated voltage.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the maximum value of the voltage applied in step S3 is 20% or less of the rated voltage.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the maximum voltage applied to the windings that are not shorted in step S1 is less than 20% of the rated voltage.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, steps S1 and S2 are performed by placing the transformer winding in a transformer tank, and step S3 is performed by exposing the faulty winding to air.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the detection method has the advantages of simple wiring, convenience in operation, strong practicability and high accuracy, and can quickly and accurately lock the fault position and reduce the workload of subsequent rework. The infrared temperature measuring equipment and the single-phase power supply are used for searching turn-to-turn fault points of the transformer, further deterioration of the fault points is avoided, and the fault range is enlarged.
(2) The voltage transformer is arranged to clamp the voltage of the tested phase to the ground, so that the test article is safer. When the voltage transformer is used, two line ends of the voltage transformer are respectively connected with the to-be-side phase. And a middle tap of the voltage transformer is grounded. Under the working condition, the middle of the tested phase of the test sample is clamped to be zero potential, and the ground potential at two ends of the tested phase is reduced to 50% times of the voltage of the potential-to-earth which is not connected with the mutual inductor, so that the fault point can be searched on the premise of ensuring the test sample and the personal safety.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings of the embodiments can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting a fault of a three-phase transformer according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a wiring schematic diagram in an embodiment of a fault detection method for a three-phase transformer according to the present invention.
The reference numerals are as follows: 1. an alternating current power supply; 2. a voltage regulator; 3. a voltmeter V; 4. an ammeter A; 5. a transformer; 6. an infrared imaging thermometer; 7. a voltage transformer.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, wherein the drawings are simplified schematic drawings and only the basic structure of the present invention is illustrated schematically, so that only the structure related to the present invention is shown, and it is to be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a method for detecting a fault of a three-phase transformer 5, which is used for detecting when a turn-to-turn fault occurs in the transformer 5, wherein a low-voltage side winding of the transformer 5 mainly includes a first phase winding, a second phase winding and a third phase winding, and a high-voltage side winding corresponding to the first phase winding mainly includes a fourth phase winding, a fifth phase winding and a sixth phase winding.
The specific detection process comprises the following steps:
1. wiring
As shown in fig. 2, the power supply 1, the voltage regulator 2, and the transformer sample 5 are connected in parallel. Specifically, the power source is a power source 1, and the power source 1 is connected to the low-voltage side of the voltage regulator 2, wherein the voltage regulator 2 includes a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side, the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side both include two terminals, the low-voltage side is a ground terminal, the high-voltage side is a high-potential side, an ammeter 4 is connected in series between the high-potential side of the high-voltage side and the transformer sample 5, and a voltmeter 3 is connected in parallel between the high-voltage side of the voltage regulator 2 and the transformer 5.
And short-circuiting one low-voltage side winding, wherein the first phase winding is short-circuited for example.
And the first phase winding is in short circuit, the second phase winding and the third phase winding are connected in parallel to the high-voltage side of the voltage regulator 2, and a voltage transformer 7 is connected between the fifth phase winding and the sixth phase winding corresponding to the second phase winding and the third phase winding.
The single-phase power supply voltage is selected to be applied from the low-voltage side in the embodiment, which has the following advantages: the requirements on the power supply capacity and the output voltage are low; the method can be used for troubleshooting on the running site of the transformer 5; the current output by the power supply is large, the difference between the current of a fault phase and the current of a non-fault phase is obvious, the requirements on the measuring range and the measuring precision of the ammeter 4 are not high, and even a common multimeter can meet the detection requirements.
In this embodiment, the low-voltage side winding of the test sample is selected for short-circuiting, which has the following advantages: due to the fact that the voltage to ground is low, in the process of switching and placing the short-circuit wires, the insulation requirements on the short-circuit wires are low, the requirements on the insulation distance of the short-circuit wires to the ground are small, and the short-circuit wires are easy to place.
In the process of searching for the short-circuit fault, the tested phase is connected with a voltage transformer 7 with the middle part thereof provided with a leading-out grounding, and the voltage transformer 7 clamps the tested phase, so that a test article is safer. Because, in use, the two wire ends of the voltage transformer 7 are connected to the respective driven sides. A tap in the middle of the voltage transformer 7 is grounded, under the working condition, the middle of the tested phase of the test sample 5 is clamped to be zero potential, and compared with the condition that the voltage transformer 7 is not connected, the relative ground potential at two ends of the tested phase can be reduced to half, so that the fault point can be searched on the premise that the test sample 5 and the human body are safer.
2. Determining faulty windings
The voltage is applied to the transformer 2 by the power supply 1, and the voltage is directly applied to the second phase winding and the third phase winding of the transformer 5 to be measured after being amplified by the voltage regulator 2, so that the measurement data of the ammeter 4 and the voltmeter 3 are obtained.
And if the test current value and the test voltage value both accord with a preset standard current interval and a preset standard voltage interval, determining that the first phase winding has turn-to-turn faults. The preset standard current interval and the standard voltage interval are normal current intervals and normal voltage intervals obtained by calculation on the assumption that the second phase winding and the third phase winding have no fault.
And if the test current value does not meet the standard current interval or the test voltage value does not meet the standard voltage interval, namely the fault phase is not short-circuited, judging that the first phase winding acts normally.
When the first phase winding is judged to be normal, the second phase winding is in short circuit, the first phase winding is connected with the third phase winding, a voltage transformer 7 is arranged between the fourth phase winding and the sixth phase winding, voltage is reapplied by using the power supply 1, the test current value of the ammeter 4 and the test current value of the voltmeter 3 are read, and if the test current value and the test voltage value both accord with a preset standard current interval and a preset standard voltage interval, turn-to-turn faults of the second phase winding can be determined. And if the test current value does not meet the standard current interval or the test voltage value does not meet the standard voltage interval, namely the fault phase is not short-circuited, judging that the second phase winding acts normally.
Because the test values of the ammeter 4 and the voltmeter 3 are not in the preset range, one of the three windings must have turn-to-turn faults, when the first phase winding and the second phase winding are tested normally, the turn-to-turn faults of the third phase winding can be inferred, and for the sake of safety, the third phase winding can be tested in the same method.
It should be noted that if the voltage and current values in the three measurements indicate an abnormality, it indicates that there is a fault in the coils on at least two columns, and according to the above manner, the two windings are short-circuited at one time, and a voltage is applied to the remaining one winding, and at least two faulty windings are found out in the same manner. Because of the extremely low probability, the present invention will be described by taking one phase coil failure as an example.
3. Accurate fault point finding
The faulty winding is taken out of the tank of the transformer 5, exposed to the air, and applied with a voltage starting from 0V, the maximum value of the voltage applied in the air to the oil-filled transformer 5 should not exceed 20% of its nominal rated voltage. Because the coil is electrified to generate temperature change, the temperature of the fault point position is different from the temperatures of other normal positions, the temperature of each part of the fault winding is detected by the infrared imaging temperature measuring instrument 6, the part with higher temperature is the fault point, and the power supply is cut off immediately after the fault point of the fault winding is determined.
The reason why this upper limit of the applied voltage is given is that, for the class a insulated transformer 5, since the relative dielectric constant of air is 1, the relative dielectric constant of the transformer 5 oil is 2.2, and in consideration of the difference in environment, when the body is exposed to the atmosphere, the level of the applied voltage is greatly lowered as compared with that in oil, and the applied voltage to the product in the atmosphere is generally controlled within 20% Un (rated voltage), the fault point can be found, and the insulation damage to other parts is small. If the boosting operation is continued, the danger coefficient of the product test is increased sharply, and the requirements on the fire-fighting measures are also greatly improved.
In addition, according to practical experience, after the infrared imaging thermodetector 6 serving as fault point auxiliary searching equipment is adopted, the voltage applied to the sample in the atmosphere is controlled to be below 10% Un (rated voltage), and a fault part can be displayed under the condition, so that the fault point can be ensured not to be aggravated or enlarged, and the subsequent repair of the fault part is facilitated.
The fault transformer 5 is lifted out of the oil tank, a single-phase no-load power supply is applied to the air, and the infrared imaging temperature measuring instrument 6 is matched to scan and measure the temperature of a coil to which the power supply is applied, so that the position of a fault point can be quickly locked on the premise of ensuring that the fault range is not expanded, and the test process is safer.
The detection method has the advantages of simple wiring, convenience in operation, strong practicability and high accuracy, and can quickly and accurately lock the fault position and reduce the workload of subsequent rework. The infrared temperature measuring equipment and the single-phase power supply are utilized to search the 5-turn fault points of the transformer, so that the further deterioration of the fault points is avoided, the fault range is enlarged, and the cost of the inspection equipment is not increased.
The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A fault detection method for a three-phase transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 wiring test: short-circuiting one phase winding in three-phase windings of the transformer, connecting two windings which are not short-circuited in series, and then applying voltage to the windings which are not short-circuited to obtain current data and voltage data of the transformer in the process;
s2 determining faulty winding: if the test current value is in the standard current interval and the test voltage value is in the standard voltage interval in the S1, the short-circuited phase winding is a fault winding; if the test current value is not in the standard current region or/and the test voltage value is not in the standard voltage region in the S1, the short-circuited phase winding has no fault; finally finding out a fault winding by adopting the method of S1;
s3 determining the location of the fault point: and (5) extracting the fault winding determined by S2, applying voltage to the fault winding from low to high, scanning and measuring temperature of the fault winding by an infrared imaging temperature measuring instrument in the process, wherein the higher temperature position is a fault point.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step S1 further includes a voltage regulator, a low voltage side of the voltage regulator is connected in series with the power supply, a high voltage side of the voltage regulator is connected in series with two windings that are not short-circuited, and the windings are supplied with voltage through the voltage regulator.
3. The method for detecting the fault of the three-phase transformer of claim 1, wherein the step S1 further comprises a voltage transformer, and the voltage transformer is connected in series with two windings which are not shorted.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the voltmeter is connected in parallel between the voltage regulator and the transformer, and the ammeter is connected in series between the transformer and the high-voltage side of the voltage regulator.
5. The method for detecting the fault of the three-phase transformer according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 further comprises: the applied voltage value range is 10% or less of the rated voltage.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the applied voltage in step S3 is 20% or less of the rated voltage.
7. The method for detecting the fault of the three-phase transformer according to claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the voltage applied to the windings which are not short-circuited in the step S1 is less than 20% of the rated voltage.
8. The method for detecting the fault of the three-phase transformer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps S1 and S2 are performed by placing the transformer winding in a transformer tank, and the step S3 is performed by exposing the fault winding to air.
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| CN202111180693.3A CN113900049A (en) | 2021-10-11 | 2021-10-11 | Three-phase transformer fault detection method |
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| CN202111180693.3A CN113900049A (en) | 2021-10-11 | 2021-10-11 | Three-phase transformer fault detection method |
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2021
- 2021-10-11 CN CN202111180693.3A patent/CN113900049A/en active Pending
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