CN113899268A - Optimized construction method for arrangement of blast holes on blasting section of tunnel - Google Patents
Optimized construction method for arrangement of blast holes on blasting section of tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113899268A CN113899268A CN202111077404.7A CN202111077404A CN113899268A CN 113899268 A CN113899268 A CN 113899268A CN 202111077404 A CN202111077404 A CN 202111077404A CN 113899268 A CN113899268 A CN 113899268A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
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Abstract
The application discloses an optimized construction method for arranging blast holes on a tunnel blasting section, which comprises the following steps: evaluating the rationality of the designed blast hole position by adopting an expert scoring method, and acquiring an evaluation result; obtaining blasting data according to the evaluation result; judging whether the requirements are met or not according to the blasting data; forming a blast hole arrangement optimization scheme; the expert discusses the optimal scheme of the arrangement of the blastholes to form a plurality of optimal solutions of the arrangement of the blastholes, and blasting simulation is carried out by adopting a numerical simulation line to obtain a blasting simulation result; determining a plurality of evaluation indexes according to the blasting simulation result; acquiring the weight of the evaluation index by adopting an analytic hierarchy process; obtaining an evaluation result by adopting a conventional weight method; and selecting the optimal solution of the arrangement of the blastholes with the highest evaluation result. The method and the device solve the problems that in the related technology, in the tunnel blast hole construction process, the arrangement optimization scheme of the blast holes is difficult to accurately determine, the reasonability and the accuracy of blasting design are influenced, and the actual blasting effect is not ideal.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting construction, in particular to a tunnel blasting section blasthole arrangement optimization construction method.
Background
At present, in stone tunnel engineering, the most adopted method is a drilling blasting method. The blast hole arrangement is to determine the construction excavation contour line firstly and then carry out the blast hole arrangement. Therefore, before drilling, the center line, the horizontal line and the profile of the section of the excavation are determined, the position of the blast hole is marked, and after the inspection, the drilling can be carried out according to the drilling and blasting design requirements. However, in the actual construction process, the problem that the rock mass is too hard or the rock mass is soft may exist at some positions of the blastholes, and the construction according to the designed positions of the blastholes cannot be safely and reliably carried out, so that how to rearrange the positions of the blastholes is very important.
However, the current optimization methods are generally selected based on experience and intuition, or fixed ways in the past are adopted. The method has the advantages of simplicity and convenience. However, the method lacks theoretical support, and influences the rationality and accuracy of blasting design, resulting in unsatisfactory actual blasting effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the application is to provide a tunnel blasting section blasthole arrangement optimization construction method, so as to solve the problems that in the related technology, in the tunnel blasthole construction process, the blasthole arrangement optimization scheme is difficult to accurately determine, the reasonability and the accuracy of blasting design are influenced, and the actual blasting effect is not ideal.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a method for optimizing the arrangement of blastholes on a blasting section of a tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
according to the designed blast hole position, evaluating the rationality of the designed blast hole position by adopting an expert scoring method, and acquiring an evaluation result;
according to the evaluation result, carrying out blasting simulation on the designed blast hole position to obtain blasting data;
judging whether the requirements are met or not according to the blasting data; if not, the user can not select the specific application,
optimizing the designed blast hole position according to the blasting data to form a blast hole arrangement optimization scheme;
discussing the optimal solution of the arrangement of the blastholes by experts, and giving a plurality of solutions for the part with poor blasting data to form a plurality of optimal solutions of the arrangement of the blastholes;
modeling each blasthole arrangement optimization solution by adopting numerical simulation, and carrying out blasting simulation to obtain a blasting simulation result;
determining a plurality of evaluation indexes of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution according to the blasting simulation result;
acquiring the weight of each evaluation index on the overall evaluation by adopting an analytic hierarchy process;
obtaining the evaluation result of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution by adopting a conventional weight method;
and selecting the optimal solution of the arrangement of the blastholes with the highest evaluation result as a construction scheme of the arrangement of the blastholes.
Further, the weight of each evaluation index obtained by an analytic hierarchy process to the overall evaluation is specifically as follows:
dividing the evaluation indexes with common characteristics into a group according to the mutual relation among the evaluation indexes, and taking the common characteristics as an evaluation index composition factor layer;
operating the factor layer according to the same method to form a criterion layer; performing the same operation on the standard layer to form a target layer;
comparing the relative importance degrees between the evaluation indexes with common characteristics in the factor layer and the criterion layer, and assigning values according to the relative importance degrees to obtain a judgment matrix;
and carrying out normalization processing on the feature vectors of the judgment matrix to obtain the weight of each evaluation index on the overall evaluation.
Further, the evaluation result of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution obtained by adopting a conventional weight method is specifically as follows:
assigning values to each evaluation index in the blasthole arrangement optimization solution according to the blasting simulation result;
and summing the products of the assignment of each evaluation index and the corresponding weight in each blasthole arrangement optimization solution to obtain the evaluation result.
Further, the evaluation indexes of the criterion layer are as follows: blasting effect, construction difficulty and explosive amount.
Further, factor layers corresponding to the blasting effect are as follows: the degree of rock fragmentation and the shape of the blasting section;
the factor layers corresponding to the construction difficulty degree are as follows: drill pipe rate and drill pipe temperature;
the factor layers corresponding to the explosive dosage are as follows: charge coupling and charge tonnage.
Further, the rock breaking degree, the blasting section shape, the drilling rate of a drill rod, the temperature of the drill rod, the charging coupling degree and the charging tonnage are obtained through the blasting simulation result.
Further, according to the designed blast hole position, evaluating the rationality of the designed blast hole position by adopting an expert scoring method specifically;
and evaluating the rationality of the designed shot hole position by adopting an expert scoring method according to the grade of the surrounding rock, the type of the rock, the difficulty degree of drilling, the area of the section of the tunnel and the designed shot hole position.
Further, the grade of the surrounding rock, the type of rock and the ease of drilling are determined by geological mapping data and drilling reports.
Further, the blasting data comprises rock breaking degree and blasting section shape, the rock breaking degree is embodied by blasting stress and blasting strain, and the blasting section shape is embodied by shape regularity and shape size reaching scale.
Furthermore, the blasting data and the blasting simulation result are presented by a post-processing cloud picture of numerical simulation.
In the embodiment of the application, the rationality of the designed shot hole position is evaluated by adopting an expert scoring method according to the designed shot hole position, and an evaluation result is obtained; according to the evaluation result, carrying out blasting simulation on the designed blast hole position to obtain blasting data; judging whether the requirements are met or not according to the blasting data; if not, optimizing the designed blast hole position according to the blasting data to form a blast hole arrangement optimization scheme; discussing the optimal solution of the arrangement of the blastholes by experts, and giving a plurality of solutions for the part with poor blasting data to form a plurality of optimal solutions of the arrangement of the blastholes; modeling each blasthole arrangement optimization solution by adopting numerical simulation, and carrying out blasting simulation to obtain a blasting simulation result; determining a plurality of evaluation indexes of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution according to the blasting simulation result; acquiring the weight of each evaluation index on the overall evaluation by adopting an analytic hierarchy process; obtaining the evaluation result of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution by adopting a conventional weight method; the optimal solution for the arrangement of the blastholes with the highest evaluation result is selected as a construction solution for the arrangement of the blastholes, the purposes of fully utilizing the existing data and considering the complexity of rock and earth are achieved, the actual blasthole arrangement scheme and data are obtained by utilizing an expert scoring method and numerical simulation, and the optimal blasthole arrangement scheme is obtained by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, so that the theoretical basis is provided for the engineering design and construction of the blastholes of the tunnel, the method has important significance for evaluating the construction safety of the blastholes of the tunnel, the safe and reliable technical effects of engineering design, construction and operation can be ensured, and the problems that the optimal solution for the arrangement of the blastholes in the construction process of the blastholes of the tunnel in the related technology is difficult to accurately determine, the rationality and the accuracy of blasting design are influenced, and the actual blasting effect is not ideal are solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, serve to provide a further understanding of the application and to enable other features, objects, and advantages of the application to be more apparent. The drawings and their description illustrate the embodiments of the invention and do not limit it. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a chromatography method according to an embodiment of the present application;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used.
In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "disposed," "provided," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly. For example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two as well as more than two.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for optimizing arrangement of blastholes of a tunnel blasting section, where the method for optimizing arrangement of blastholes of a tunnel blasting section includes the following steps:
in the embodiment, geological mapping data and a drilling report are necessary data for determining arrangement of blastholes of the blasting section of the tunnel, the position of the designed blastholes is determined by a design institute, and a design construction scheme is further synchronously determined. And the designed shot hole position and the designed construction scheme are determined based on geological mapping data and drilling reports.
When the expert scoring method is adopted, besides the information of the designed shot hole position is provided for the expert, in order to improve the accuracy of evaluation, geological mapping information, a drilling report and the area of the section of the tunnel determined by the central line, the horizontal line and the section outline of the excavated section can be provided, and the grade of the surrounding rock, the type of the rock and the difficulty degree of drilling can be obtained through the geological mapping information and the drilling report.
After the expert takes the data, the reasonableness of the designed shot hole position is evaluated, and an evaluation result is selected, wherein the evaluation result can be one of reasonable, unreasonable and quite unfit. In order to improve the accuracy of the evaluation result, a certain number of experts can be used for scoring and evaluating the same designed shot hole position, for example, 100 experts are used for scoring and evaluating.
And after all experts give the evaluation results, counting, processing, analyzing and summarizing all the evaluation results. Specifically, the occupation ratio of each type of evaluation result is determined, and the evaluation result with the highest occupation ratio is finally obtained and used as the final evaluation result. For example, if the evaluation is chosen to be reasonably high at 10%, reasonably high at 50%, reasonably high at 30%, and less reasonably high at 10%, then the final evaluation is the highest reasonable.
102, blasting simulation is carried out on the designed shot hole position according to the evaluation result to obtain blasting data;
after the evaluation result is obtained, blasting simulation can be carried out on the designed shot hole position, wherein the blasting simulation mode is that software such as ANSYS, FLAC3D and the like is adopted for model building, calculation and post-processing, and finally blasting data are obtained.
103, judging whether the requirements are met according to the blasting data; if not, the user can not select the specific application,
the blasting data is analyzed by the designer of the design unit according to the blasting data, wherein the blasting data comprises stress and strain data of rock blasting, rock breaking degree and blasting section shape. Whether the designed blast hole position meets the requirements can be judged through analyzing the explosion data, and the requirements are safety and construction requirements. If the requirements are met, the tunnel blasthole arrangement and construction can be carried out according to the designed blasthole position, if the requirements are not met, the blasthole optimization is carried out, and the step 104 is executed.
104, optimizing the designed blast hole position according to the blasting data to form a blast hole arrangement optimization scheme;
specifically, it should be noted that the construction party optimizes the designed blast hole position according to the blasting data obtained by the blasting simulation, and the blast hole arrangement optimization scheme can be formed by referring to the expert's opinion for the problem in the optimization process. The problem referred to here is that the blasting effect is not good, and specifically, the degree of rock breaking is not sufficient, and the shape of the blasting cross section does not meet the requirements of drawings.
105, discussing the optimal solution of the arrangement of the blastholes by experts, and giving a plurality of solutions for the part with poor blasting data to form a plurality of optimal solutions of the arrangement of the blastholes;
and the blast hole arrangement optimization scheme formed by the construction side is provided to experts for further discussion, various possible schemes for solving the problems are provided for some problems in the blast hole arrangement optimization scheme, and a plurality of blast hole arrangement optimization solutions are finally formed after the expert discusses the problems.
106, respectively modeling each blasthole arrangement optimization solution by adopting numerical simulation, and carrying out blasting simulation to obtain a blasting simulation result;
specifically, it should be noted that numerical simulation methods can be used to model the blasthole arrangement optimization solutions respectively by means of software such as ANSYS, FLAC3D, engineering geological models and blasthole arrangement optimization solutions are input into a computer by using a modeling engineering module of the software, and stress and strain data of rock blasting are output and collected by a post-processing function of the software, so that a blasting simulation result is obtained. The blasting results are presented as numerically simulated post-processing clouds (including stress and strain clouds of rock blasting).
specifically, it should be noted that a blasting simulation result of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution is obtained through blasting simulation, and a plurality of evaluation indexes, such as a blasting effect, a construction difficulty and an explosive amount corresponding to a solution, are obtained through the blasting simulation result, and the blasting effect, the construction difficulty and the explosive amount can be used as the evaluation indexes to evaluate the blasthole arrangement optimization solution by the construction method, so that the blasthole arrangement optimization solution with a good comprehensive effect is obtained.
specifically, it should be noted that the embodiment describes how to obtain a solution for optimizing the arrangement of blastholes with a good comprehensive effect by using the evaluation index. Firstly, the weight of each evaluation index to the overall evaluation is obtained by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, namely the weight of each evaluation index to the final selected solution.
For example, the weight of blasting effect obtained by the analytic hierarchy process is 0.5, the weight of ease of construction is 0.3, and the weight of explosive amount is 0.2. And then assigning values to each evaluation index in each blasthole arrangement optimization solution according to the blasting simulation result, for example, assigning 7 to the blasting effect in the solution A, 4 to the construction difficulty level, 5 to the explosive amount, 6 to the blasting effect in the solution B, 5 to the construction difficulty level, and 4 to the explosive amount.
The assignment rule here is that the better the blasting effect is, the higher the assignment is, the lower the construction difficulty is, the higher the assignment is, and the lower the explosive amount is, the higher the assignment is. And then summing the products of the assignments of the evaluation indexes in each blasthole arrangement optimization solution and the corresponding weights to obtain the evaluation result of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution.
And 110, selecting the optimal solution of the arrangement of the blastholes with the highest evaluation result as a construction scheme of the arrangement of the blastholes. By the method, an optimal solution can be effectively selected from various existing blast hole arrangement optimization solutions to serve as a blast hole arrangement construction solution, and the method has a theoretical basis and high practicability.
The embodiment achieves the purposes of fully utilizing the existing data, considering the complexity of rock masses, obtaining the blast hole arrangement scheme and data close to the reality by utilizing an expert scoring method and numerical simulation, and obtaining the optimal blast hole arrangement scheme by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, thereby providing theoretical basis for the design and construction of the tunnel blast hole engineering, having important significance for evaluating the safety of the tunnel blast hole construction, ensuring the safe and reliable technical effects of engineering design, construction and operation, and further solving the problems that the optimization scheme of the blast hole arrangement in the tunnel blast hole construction process in the related technology is difficult to accurately determine, the rationality and the accuracy of blasting design are influenced, and the actual blasting effect is not ideal.
As shown in fig. 2, the weight of each evaluation index obtained by the analytic hierarchy process for the overall evaluation is specifically:
dividing the evaluation indexes with common characteristics into a group according to the mutual relation among the evaluation indexes, and taking the common characteristics as an evaluation index composition factor layer;
operating the factor layer according to the same method to form a criterion layer; performing the same operation on the standard layer to form a target layer;
comparing the relative importance degrees between the evaluation indexes with common characteristics in the factor layer and the criterion layer, and assigning values according to the relative importance degrees to obtain a judgment matrix;
and normalizing the feature vectors of the judgment matrix to obtain the weight of each evaluation index on the overall evaluation, wherein the judgment matrix is the relative importance of a plurality of factors of each layer relative to a certain factor of the previous layer.
The evaluation indexes of the criterion layer are as follows: blasting effect, construction degree of difficulty and explosive quantity, the factor layer that the blasting effect corresponds is: the degree of rock fragmentation and the shape of the blasting section; the factor layers corresponding to the construction difficulty degree are as follows: drill pipe rate and drill pipe temperature; the factor layers corresponding to the explosive dosage are as follows: charge coupling and charge tonnage. The target layer is how to select the best solution from the existing solutions.
Further, the rock breaking degree, the blasting section shape, the drilling rate of a drill rod, the temperature of the drill rod, the charging coupling degree and the charging tonnage are obtained through the blasting simulation result. The blasting data comprises rock breaking degree and blasting section shape, the rock breaking degree is embodied by blasting stress and blasting strain, and the blasting section shape is embodied by shape regularity and shape size reaching scale.
Furthermore, the blasting data and the blasting simulation result are presented by a post-processing cloud picture of numerical simulation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel blasting section blasthole arrangement optimization construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to the designed blast hole position, evaluating the rationality of the designed blast hole position by adopting an expert scoring method, and acquiring an evaluation result;
according to the evaluation result, carrying out blasting simulation on the designed blast hole position to obtain blasting data;
judging whether the requirements are met or not according to the blasting data; if not, the user can not select the specific application,
optimizing the designed blast hole position according to the blasting data to form a blast hole arrangement optimization scheme;
discussing the optimal solution of the arrangement of the blastholes by experts, and giving a plurality of solutions for the part with poor blasting data to form a plurality of optimal solutions of the arrangement of the blastholes;
modeling each blasthole arrangement optimization solution by adopting numerical simulation, and carrying out blasting simulation to obtain a blasting simulation result;
determining a plurality of evaluation indexes of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution according to the blasting simulation result;
acquiring the weight of each evaluation index on the overall evaluation by adopting an analytic hierarchy process;
obtaining the evaluation result of each blasthole arrangement optimization solution by adopting a conventional weight method;
and selecting the optimal solution of the arrangement of the blastholes with the highest evaluation result as a construction scheme of the arrangement of the blastholes.
2. The method for optimizing the arrangement of the blastholes in the blasting section of the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the weight of each evaluation index for the overall evaluation by using an analytic hierarchy process specifically comprises the following steps:
dividing the evaluation indexes with common characteristics into a group according to the mutual relation among the evaluation indexes, and taking the common characteristics as an evaluation index composition factor layer;
operating the factor layer according to the same method to form a criterion layer; performing the same operation on the standard layer to form a target layer;
comparing the relative importance degrees between the evaluation indexes with common characteristics in the factor layer and the criterion layer, and assigning values according to the relative importance degrees to obtain a judgment matrix;
and carrying out normalization processing on the feature vectors of the judgment matrix to obtain the weight of each evaluation index on the overall evaluation.
3. The method for optimizing the arrangement of the blastholes on the blasting section of the tunnel according to claim 2, wherein the evaluation result of each solution for optimizing the arrangement of the blastholes obtained by the conventional weight method is specifically as follows:
assigning values to each evaluation index in the blasthole arrangement optimization solution according to the blasting simulation result;
and summing the products of the assignment of each evaluation index and the corresponding weight in each blasthole arrangement optimization solution to obtain the evaluation result.
4. The method for optimizing the arrangement of the blastholes in the blasting sections of the tunnel according to claim 3, wherein the evaluation indexes of the criterion layer are as follows: blasting effect, construction difficulty and explosive amount.
5. The optimized construction method for arrangement of blastholes on blasting sections of tunnels according to claim 4, wherein the factor layers corresponding to the blasting effect are as follows: the degree of rock fragmentation and the shape of the blasting section;
the factor layers corresponding to the construction difficulty degree are as follows: drill pipe rate and drill pipe temperature;
the factor layers corresponding to the explosive dosage are as follows: charge coupling and charge tonnage.
6. The optimized construction method for arrangement of blastholes in blasting sections of tunnels as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rock breaking degree, the shape of blasting sections, the drilling rate of a drill rod, the temperature of the drill rod, the coupling degree of charging and the tonnage of charging are all obtained by the blasting simulation result.
7. The method for optimizing the arrangement of the blastholes in the blasting sections of the tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the rationality of the designed blasthole positions is evaluated by adopting an expert scoring method according to the designed blasthole positions;
and evaluating the rationality of the designed shot hole position by adopting an expert scoring method according to the grade of the surrounding rock, the type of the rock, the difficulty degree of drilling, the area of the section of the tunnel and the designed shot hole position.
8. The method for optimizing the arrangement of blastholes in blasting sections of tunnels as claimed in claim 7, wherein the grade of surrounding rocks, the type of rocks and the difficulty of drilling are determined by geological mapping data and drilling reports.
9. The method for optimizing the arrangement of blastholes in blasting sections of tunnels according to claim 8, wherein the blasting data comprises rock breaking degree and blasting section shape, the rock breaking degree is represented by blasting stress and blasting strain, and the blasting section shape is represented by shape regularity and shape dimension scale.
10. The method for optimizing the arrangement of blastholes on the blasting section of the tunnel according to claim 9, wherein the blasting data and the blasting simulation result are both presented by a numerically simulated post-processing cloud chart.
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