CN113895111A - High-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113895111A
CN113895111A CN202111199486.2A CN202111199486A CN113895111A CN 113895111 A CN113895111 A CN 113895111A CN 202111199486 A CN202111199486 A CN 202111199486A CN 113895111 A CN113895111 A CN 113895111A
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fiber
flexible
metal foil
heat insulation
insulation material
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郭建业
王瑞杰
李文静
张昊
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Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology
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Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/40—Sound or heat insulation, e.g. using insulation blankets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/008—Sewing, stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) providing a flexible thermal insulation material, a metal foil and a fiber cloth; wherein the flexible thermal insulation material is a fiber felt or a flexible aerogel; (2) placing a metal foil between two layers of the flexible thermal insulation material; (3) and wrapping the flexible heat insulation material with the metal foil by using the fiber cloth, and then sewing to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material. According to the invention, the metal foil is used as a core layer and is arranged between the flexible heat insulation materials, the metal foil and the flexible heat insulation materials are wrapped by the fiber cloth and then are sewn to be integrated, and the rigidity and the heat sink effect of the metal foil and the compressibility and the heat insulation performance of the flexible heat insulation materials are utilized, so that the prepared material not only has excellent high temperature resistance and heat insulation performance, but also has shape following performance and dimensional performance, and can meet the heat insulation requirements of special-shaped spaces of different gaps between an outer heat insulation layer of an aircraft and a cabin body.

Description

High-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat insulation materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
When the aerospace craft flies in the atmosphere, due to severe pneumatic heating, a large amount of heat generated on the outer surface of the aerospace craft can pass through the heat-proof layer outside the aerospace craft to be transferred into the cabin body, so that the internal temperature of the cabin body is raised, and the safety of the cabin body structure and equipment in the cabin body is further threatened.
The currently used thermal insulation materials are mainly classified into rigid thermal insulation materials such as aerogel thermal insulation materials and thermal insulation tiles, and flexible materials such as various fiber felt materials. Rigid heat insulation materials such as aerogel are widely used due to good heat insulation performance, but the rigid heat insulation materials do not have shape following performance, and heat insulation members with simple profiles can be prepared and molded through special molds, but heat insulation members with complex profiles cannot be prepared and molded through aerogel and other rigid heat insulation materials; the fiber felt and other flexible materials have the advantages of low cost, good shape following performance and the like, can be bent and deformed along with a molded surface, are suitable for being used in a special-shaped space, but have poor rigidity and no dimension, so that the fiber felt and other flexible materials are difficult to assemble in the using process; on the other hand, the material cannot meet the heat insulation requirement of some spaces requiring the material to have dimensional property, so that the application range of the material is limited. In addition, poor thermal insulation at high temperatures, whether aerogel or fiber mat materials, is an important factor that limits the use of such materials.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to develop a high temperature resistant heat insulating material having both conformability and dimensional stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The heat-insulating material prepared by the invention has dimensional property and conformal property, is excellent in heat-insulating property, and can meet the heat-insulating requirement of a special-shaped space between an outer heat-insulating layer and a cabin body of an aerospace aircraft.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high temperature resistant heat insulating material, comprising the following steps:
(1) providing a flexible thermal insulation material, a metal foil and a fiber cloth; wherein the flexible thermal insulation material is a fiber felt or a flexible aerogel;
(2) placing a metal foil between two layers of the flexible thermal insulation material;
(3) and wrapping the flexible heat insulation material with the metal foil by using the fiber cloth, and then sewing to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
Preferably, step (1) comprises the sub-steps of:
(11) preparing the flexible heat-insulating material: mixing and forming fibers into the fiber felt; or
Preparing the flexible aerogel by using a cotton felt reinforced silica aerogel;
(12) weaving fiber yarns into the fiber cloth; and/or
(13) And cutting the flexible heat insulation material, the metal foil and the fiber cloth according to the target shape and/or size.
Preferably, in the step (1), the fiber and the fiber yarn are each selected from at least one of quartz fiber, alumina silicate fiber, alumina oxide fiber and mullite fiber.
Preferably, the cotton felt is at least one selected from glass fiber cotton felt or high silica fiber cotton felt.
Preferably, the linear density of the fiber yarn is 20-50T, and the twist is 50-80T/M;
the weaving mode of the weaving is two-dimensional weaving.
Preferably, the fiberThe surface density of the fiber cloth is 80-500 g/m2The thickness is 0.1 to 0.4 mm.
Preferably, the sewing thread for sewing the fiber cloth is a fiber sewing thread; wherein the linear density of the fiber suture is 90-200 t.
Preferably, the sewing mode of sewing is serging, and the sewing interval is 10-20 mm.
Preferably, the metal foil is at least one selected from stainless steel foil and nickel foil, and more preferably, the temperature resistance of the metal foil is 800-1100 ℃.
Preferably, the thickness of the flexible heat insulation material is 1-50 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the metal foil is 0.1-0.5 mm.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material prepared by the preparation method of any one of the first aspect.
Preferably, the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating material has the following properties:
(1) the density is 0.1 to 0.5g/cm3；
(2) The heat conductivity coefficient at 300 ℃ is 0.010-0.030W/m.K;
(4) has excellent dimensional and shape following properties. .
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the metal foil is used as a core layer and is arranged between flexible heat insulation materials (fiber felts or flexible aerogels), the fiber cloth is used for wrapping the metal foil and the flexible heat insulation materials, and the metal foil and the fiber cloth are sewn to be integrated, and the rigidity and the heat sink effect of the metal foil and the compressibility and heat insulation performance of the flexible heat insulation materials are utilized, so that the prepared material not only has excellent high temperature resistance and heat insulation performance, but also has shape following performance and shape maintaining performance, and the heat insulation requirements of special-shaped spaces of different gaps between an outer heat insulation layer of an aircraft and a cabin body can be met;
(2) the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material prepared by the invention has low heat conductivity coefficient, excellent heat-insulating property and excellent heat-insulating protection property on the interior of an aircraft cabin at the high temperature of 600-1100 ℃;
(3) the method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material is simple, the preparation period is short, the cost is low, and the prepared high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material is small in density (0.1-0.5 g/cm)3) The weight is light;
(4) the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material has strong designability, obtains the target high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material by adopting metal foils with different thicknesses and flexible heat-insulating materials, and has wide application prospect in the environment requiring internal heat-insulating protection in the aerospace industry.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a high temperature resistant heat insulating material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below, it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating foam material, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) providing a fiber felt flexible thermal insulation material, a metal foil and a fiber cloth; wherein the flexible thermal insulation material is a fiber felt or a flexible aerogel;
(2) placing a metal foil between two layers of the fibrous blanket of flexible insulation material;
(3) and wrapping and sewing the fiber cloth to a metal foil-embedded flexible heat insulation material fiber felt to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
According to some preferred embodiments, step (1) comprises the following sub-steps:
(11) preparing the flexible heat-insulating material: mixing and forming fibers into the fiber felt; or
Preparing the flexible aerogel by using a cotton felt reinforced silica aerogel;
(12) weaving fiber yarns into the fiber cloth; and/or
(13) And cutting the flexible heat insulation material, the metal foil and the fiber cloth according to the target shape and/or size.
The flexible heat insulation material (the fiber felt and the flexible aerogel) has excellent heat insulation performance and strong compressibility, and can be bent at will, so that the flexible heat insulation material has strong practicability in a special-shaped space, but has poor operability and stability when the flexible heat insulation material is subjected to heat insulation in the special-shaped space between a heat-proof layer outside an aerospace vehicle and a cabin body because the flexible heat insulation material is too poor in rigidity and too soft and does not have shape maintenance, and therefore, a good heat insulation effect cannot be achieved. In order to solve the problems, the metal foil is arranged between the flexible heat insulation materials, on one hand, the rigidity of the metal foil is utilized to provide dimensional effect for the flexible heat insulation materials, meanwhile, the metal foil can be used as a heat sink structure and a reflecting screen structure to further improve the heat insulation performance of the materials, and then the metal foil and the reflecting screen structure are fixed together in a fiber cloth wrapping and sewing mode, so that the prepared material has shape following performance and dimensional performance, and has excellent heat insulation effect when heat insulation protection is carried out in a special-shaped space.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the target shape and size of the cut-out of the flexible heat insulating material, the metal foil, and the fiber cloth are mainly determined according to the shape and size of the member to be provided with the heat insulating layer.
According to some preferred embodiments, in step (1), the fibers and the fiber yarn are each selected from at least one of quartz fibers, aluminosilicate fibers, alumina fibers, and mullite fibers.
In the present invention, at least one is any one or a mixture of any two or more in any ratio.
According to some preferred embodiments, the cotton felt is at least one selected from a glass fiber cotton felt or a high silica fiber cotton felt.
In the present invention, the flexible thermal insulation material is a fiber mat or a flexible aerogel. When the flexible thermal insulation material is a fiber mat, the fiber mat can be formed from fibers into a needle punched mat or a cotton mat; wherein, when the fiber is formed into the needled felt, the length of the used fiber is 5-30 cm, the diameter is 5-20 μm, and if the length and the diameter of the fiber are too small, the strength of the needled felt is poor; if the fiber length and diameter are too large, the heat insulating performance and temperature resistance of the needled felt become poor. Meanwhile, in the invention, the thickness of the needled felt is preferably 2-10 mm, and the density is preferably 0.10-0.15 g/cm3The needling density during molding is preferably 90-180 needling/cm2. When the cotton felt is formed, the thickness of the cotton felt is preferably 1-5 mm, and the density is preferably 0.08-0.13 g/cm3。
When the flexible thermal insulation material is flexible aerogel, the matrix of the flexible aerogel is silicon dioxide aerogel, and the reinforcement body is cotton felt. Wherein the cotton felt is at least one selected from glass fiber cotton felt or high silica fiber cotton felt, and the silicon dioxide aerogel is prepared by sol precursor through gelation, aging, solvent replacement and supercritical drying; wherein the sol precursor consists of silicate ester, a solvent, water and a catalyst; preferably, the silicate is at least one selected from methyl silicate, ethyl silicate or propyl silicate, the solvent is ethanol and/or acetone, and the catalyst is at least one selected from hydrochloric acid, ammonia water and ammonium fluoride; more preferably, the thickness of the aerogel material is 1-5 mm.
According to some preferred embodiments, the fiber yarn has a linear density of 20 to 50T (e.g., 20T, 25T, 30T, 35T, 40T, 45T, or 50T), a twist of 50 to 80T/M (50T/M, 55T/M, 60T/M, 65T/M, 70T/M, 75T/M, or 80T/M);
the weaving mode of the weaving is two-dimensional weaving.
According to some preferred embodiments, the fiber is a fiber made of a fiber-reinforced polymerThe surface density of the fiber cloth is 80-500 g/m2(for example, it may be 80g/m2、100g/m2、150g/m2、200g/m2、300g/m2、350g/m2、400g/m2、450g/m2Or 500g/m2) The thickness is 0.1 to 0.4mm (for example, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, or 0.4 mm).
In the invention, the fiber cloth is mainly formed by weaving fiber yarns in a two-dimensional weaving mode, wherein the linear density of the fiber yarns is 20-50T, and the twist is 50-80T/M. In the two-dimensional knitting, the larger the linear density of the fiber yarn, the larger the thickness of the fiber cloth, but if the linear density of the fiber yarn is lower than the above range after exceeding the above range, the thickness of the knitted fiber cloth becomes too small to perform a good wrapping and fixing action. Meanwhile, within the above range, the greater the twist, the greater the strength of the fiber yarn, but beyond the above range, the fiber yarn is too strong to be woven into a fabric. Therefore, in the invention, fiber cloth with different thickness and surface density can be woven by adjusting the density and twist of the fiber yarn according to requirements.
According to some preferred embodiments, the sewing thread for sewing the fiber cloth is a fiber sewing thread; the linear density of the fiber suture line is 90-200 t (for example, 90t, 100t, 130t, 150t, 180t or 200 t).
According to some preferred embodiments, the stitching is a lock stitch, and the stitching distance is 10-20 mm (for example, 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 16mm, 18mm or 20 mm).
After the flexible heat insulating material and the metal foil are wrapped with the fiber cloth, the fiber cloth needs to be sewn to fix the two together in order to prevent the two from being exposed and dislocated; the sewing distance within the scope of the invention can ensure that the materials after being sewn and fixed have overall mechanical property and strain adaptability, and the selection of the fiber sewing line used for sewing is not particularly limited in the invention as long as the sewing strength can be ensured.
According to some preferred embodiments, the metal foil is at least one selected from stainless steel foil or nickel foil, and more preferably, the metal foil has a temperature resistance of 800 to 1100 ℃ (for example, 800 ℃, 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, or 1100 ℃).
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the metal foil is placed between the flexible thermal insulation materials (the fiber mat and the flexible aerogel), on one hand, the rigidity of the metal foil is utilized to make the flexible thermal insulation materials have dimensional properties, on the other hand, under high temperature conditions, the metal foil not only can be used as a heat sink structure to slow down the heat transfer effect of the materials, but also can be used as a reflective screen structure to reflect the radiated heat away, thereby further improving the thermal insulation performance of the materials.
According to some preferred embodiments, the flexible thermal insulation material has a thickness of 1 to 50mm (e.g., may be 1mm, 3mm, 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, or 50 mm).
According to some preferred embodiments, the metal foil has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5mm (e.g., may be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, or 0.5 mm).
It should be noted that, in the invention, the thicknesses of the flexible thermal insulation material and the metal foil can be determined according to the size of a gap in a space where a thermal insulation layer is to be laid, and each layer of the flexible thermal insulation material can be obtained by mutually overlapping 1-5 layers of fibrofelts with the thickness of 1-10 mm or mutually overlapping 1-5 layers of flexible aerogels with the thickness of 1-10 mm; meanwhile, the experiment proves that when the thickness of the metal foil is lower than the range, good dimensional effect cannot be achieved, and when the thickness of the metal foil is higher than the range, the metal foil is too strong to bend and cannot be used in special-shaped space.
The invention also provides a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material which is prepared by adopting the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material and the preparation method thereof.
According to some preferred embodiments, the high temperature resistant heat insulating material has the following properties:
(1) the density is 0.1 to 0.5g/cm3(for example, it may be 0.1g/cm3、0.15g/cm3、0.20g/cm3、0.25g/cm3、0.30g/cm3、0.35g/cm3、0.40g/cm3、0.45g/cm3Or 0.5g/cm3)；
(2) A thermal conductivity of 0.010 to 0.030W/mK at 300 ℃ (for example, 0.010W/mK, 0.015W/mK, 0.018W/mK, 0.020W/mK, 0.025W/mK, 0.027W/mK, 0.030W/mK);
(3) has excellent dimensional and shape following properties.
In the invention, the density of the prepared high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material is small and can be controlled to be 0.1-0.5 g/cm3The material is lighter; the heat conductivity coefficient at 300 ℃ is 0.010-0.030W/m.K, the heat conductivity coefficient is low, the heat insulation performance is excellent, the shape following performance and the shape maintaining performance are excellent, and the heat insulation material has wide application prospect in the environment needing heat insulation protection in the aerospace industry.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution and advantages of the present invention, a water-absorbent foam and a method for preparing the same are described in detail below by way of several examples.
Example 1:
(1) providing a flexible heat insulation material (fibrofelt), a metal foil (stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.2mm) and fiber cloth;
(11) mixing and needling quartz fibers to form a quartz fiber felt (the thickness is 5 mm);
(12) two-dimensionally knitting a quartz fiber cloth (surface density 200 g/M) having a thickness of 0.1mm with a quartz yarn (linear density 30T, twist 70T/M)2)；
(13) The quartz fiber felt, quartz fiber cloth and stainless steel foil were cut to desired dimensions (100 mm. times.200 mm).
(2) Placing a metal foil (stainless steel foil) between two layers of flexible thermal insulation material (a single layer of flexible thermal insulation material is obtained by a layer of quartz fiber felt);
(3) and (3) wrapping the flexible heat insulation material which is placed into the stainless steel foil in the step (2) by using quartz fiber cloth, and sewing the flexible heat insulation material by using 190t of quartz fiber wires at a sewing interval of 20mm to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
Example 2
(1) Providing a flexible heat insulation material (fibrofelt), a metal foil (stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.1mm) and fiber cloth;
(11) mixing and needling quartz fibers to form a quartz fiber felt (the thickness is 2 mm);
(12) the mullite fiber cloth (the surface density is 100 g/M) with the thickness of 0.25mm is knitted in two dimensions by using mullite fiber yarn (the linear density is 20T, the twist is 60T/M)2)；
(13) The quartz fiber felt, quartz fiber cloth and stainless steel foil were cut to desired dimensions (100 mm. times.200 mm).
(2) Placing a metal foil (stainless steel foil) between two layers of flexible heat insulation materials (a single-layer flexible heat insulation material is obtained by overlapping two layers of quartz fiber felts);
(3) and (3) wrapping the flexible heat insulation material which is placed into the stainless steel foil in the step (2) by using mullite fiber cloth, and sewing the flexible heat insulation material by using 90t of mullite fiber threads at a sewing interval of 18mm to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
Example 3
(1) Providing a flexible heat insulation material (fibrofelt), a metal foil (stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.3mm) and fiber cloth;
(11) the mullite fiber is mixed and needled to form a mullite fiber felt (the thickness is 5 mm);
(12) two-dimensionally knitting a quartz fiber cloth (surface density 300 g/M) having a thickness of 0.1mm with a quartz fiber yarn (linear density 50T, twist 70T/M)2)；
(13) The mullite fiber mat, the quartz fiber cloth, and the stainless steel foil were cut to desired dimensions (100mm × 200 mm).
(2) Placing a metal foil (stainless steel foil) between two layers of flexible heat-insulating materials (a single-layer flexible heat-insulating material is obtained by overlapping three layers of mullite fiber felts);
(3) and (3) wrapping the flexible heat insulation material which is placed into the stainless steel foil in the step (2) by using quartz fiber cloth, and sewing by using 160t of mullite fiber thread at a sewing interval of 12mm to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
Example 4
(1) Providing a flexible heat insulation material (fibrofelt), a metal foil (stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.4mm) and fiber cloth;
(11) mixing and molding the mullite fiber into a mullite fiber cotton felt (the thickness is 5 mm);
(12) the mullite fiber cloth (the surface density is 350 g/M) with the thickness of 0.25mm is knitted in two dimensions by using mullite fiber yarn (the linear density is 50T, the twist is 80T/M)2)；
(13) The mullite fiber mat, the mullite fiber cloth and the stainless steel foil were cut to desired dimensions (100mm × 200 mm).
(2) Placing a metal foil (stainless steel foil) between two layers of flexible heat-insulating materials (a single-layer flexible heat-insulating material is obtained by overlapping four layers of mullite fiber felts);
(3) and (3) wrapping the flexible heat insulation material which is placed into the stainless steel foil in the step (2) by using mullite fiber cloth, and sewing the flexible heat insulation material by using 180t of mullite fiber threads at a sewing interval of 10mm to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
Example 5
(1) Providing a flexible heat insulation material (fibrofelt), a metal foil (nickel foil with the thickness of 0.5mm) and fiber cloth;
(11) the mullite fiber is mixed and needled to form a mullite fiber felt (the thickness is 10 mm);
(12) an alumina fiber cloth (surface density 300 g/M) having a thickness of 0.3mm was two-dimensionally knitted with alumina fiber yarn (linear density 40T, twist 70T/M)2)；
(13) The mullite fiber mat, the alumina fiber cloth and the nickel foil were cut to desired dimensions (100mm × 200 mm).
(2) Placing a metal foil (nickel foil) between two layers of flexible heat insulation materials (a single-layer flexible heat insulation material is obtained by overlapping three layers of mullite fiber felts);
(3) and (3) wrapping the flexible heat insulation material with the nickel foil in the step (2) by using alumina fiber cloth, and sewing by using 150t of alumina fiber threads at a sewing interval of 18mm to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
Example 6
(1) Providing a flexible heat insulation material (fibrofelt), a metal foil (nickel foil with the thickness of 0.2mm) and fiber cloth;
(11) preparing a flexible aerogel material (with the thickness of 5mm) by RTM (resin transfer molding) by using glass fiber cotton felt reinforced silica aerogel;
(12) an alumina fiber cloth (surface density 400 g/M) having a thickness of 0.4mm was two-dimensionally knitted with alumina fiber yarn (linear density 45T, twist 75T/M)2)；
(13) The flexible aerogel material, alumina fiber cloth, and nickel foil were cut to the desired dimensions (100mm x 200 mm).
(2) Placing a metal foil (nickel foil) between two layers of flexible aerogel materials (a single-layer flexible heat insulation material is obtained by stacking five layers of flexible aerogel materials);
(3) and (3) wrapping the flexible heat insulation material with the nickel foil in the step (2) by using alumina fiber cloth, and sewing by using 180t of alumina fiber threads at a sewing interval of 16mm to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
Example 7
(1) Providing a flexible heat insulation material (fibrofelt), a metal foil (nickel foil with the thickness of 0.2mm) and fiber cloth;
(11) preparing a flexible aerogel material (the thickness is 8mm) by RTM (resin transfer molding) by using high silica fiber cotton felt reinforced silica aerogel;
(12) an alumina fiber cloth (surface density 400 g/M) having a thickness of 0.4mm was two-dimensionally knitted with alumina fiber yarn (linear density 45T, twist 75T/M)2)；
(13) The flexible aerogel material, alumina fiber cloth, and nickel foil were cut to the desired dimensions (100mm x 200 mm).
(2) Placing a metal foil (nickel foil) between two layers of flexible heat-insulating materials (a single-layer flexible heat-insulating material is formed by overlapping a layer of flexible aerogel material);
(3) and (3) wrapping the flexible heat insulation material with the nickel foil in the step (2) by using alumina fiber cloth, and sewing by using 180t of alumina fiber threads at a sewing interval of 16mm to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
Example 8
Example 8 is substantially the same as example 1 except that: and (3) replacing the flexible heat insulation material quartz fiber felt in the step (1) with a flexible aerogel material.
Example 9
Example 9 is essentially the same as example 2, except that: and (3) replacing the flexible heat insulation material quartz fiber felt in the step (1) with a flexible aerogel material.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is substantially the same as example 1 except that: in the step (1), only flexible heat insulation materials (quartz fiber felts) and fiber cloth are adopted, and no metal foil is added.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is substantially the same as example 8 except that: in the step (1), only flexible heat insulation materials (flexible aerogel) and fiber cloth are adopted, and no metal foil is added.
The high temperature resistant heat insulating materials prepared in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003304378360000111
Figure BDA0003304378360000121
As can be seen from table 1, the high temperature resistant heat insulating materials prepared in examples 1 to 9 have excellent high temperature resistance, dimensional property and conformal property, and the metal foil can be used as a heat sink structure and a reflective screen structure in the material, so that the heat insulating property of the material can be further improved, and as can be seen from the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material in table 1 at 300 ℃, the prepared high temperature resistant heat insulating material has a low thermal conductivity, excellent heat insulating property, and can effectively insulate heat, and the material has low density and light weight; in contrast, in comparative examples 1 and 2, when the metal foil was not added, the material did not have a good dimensional effect and the heat insulating property of the material could not be effectively improved, so that the heat insulating material was deformed by an external force when the heat insulating protection was performed in the irregular space, and thus the heat insulation could not be effectively performed.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) providing a flexible thermal insulation material, a metal foil and a fiber cloth; wherein the flexible thermal insulation material is a fiber felt or a flexible aerogel;
(2) placing a metal foil between two layers of the flexible thermal insulation material;
(3) and wrapping the flexible heat insulation material with the metal foil by using the fiber cloth, and then sewing to obtain the high-temperature-resistant heat insulation material.
2. The method for preparing according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises the substeps of:
(11) preparing the flexible heat-insulating material: mixing and forming fibers into the fiber felt; or
Preparing the flexible aerogel by using a cotton felt reinforced silica aerogel;
(12) weaving fiber yarns into the fiber cloth; and/or
(13) And cutting the flexible heat insulation material, the metal foil and the fiber cloth according to the target shape and/or size.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in step (1):
the fibers and the fiber yarns are selected from at least one of quartz fibers, alumina silicate fibers, alumina oxide fibers and mullite fibers.
4. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
the cotton felt is at least one selected from glass fiber cotton felt or high silica fiber cotton felt.
5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
the linear density of the fiber yarn is 20-50T, and the twist is 50-80T/M;
the weaving mode of the weaving is two-dimensional weaving; and/or
The surface density of the fiber cloth is 80-500 g/m2The thickness is 0.1 to 0.4 mm.
6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
the sewing thread for sewing the fiber cloth is a fiber sewing thread; wherein the linear density of the fiber suture is 90-200 t; and/or
The sewing mode of sewing up is the lockstitching, sews up the interval and is 10 ~ 20 mm.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:
the metal foil is at least one selected from stainless steel foil or nickel foil, and preferably, the temperature resistance temperature of the metal foil is 800-1100 ℃.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that:
the thickness of the flexible heat insulation material is 1-50 mm; and/or
The thickness of the metal foil is 0.1-0.5 mm.
9. A high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material, characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The high temperature resistant insulation material of claim 9, wherein the high temperature resistant insulation material has the following properties:
(1) the density is 0.1 to 0.5g/cm3；
(2) The heat conductivity coefficient at 300 ℃ is 0.010-0.030W/m.K;
(3) has excellent dimensional and shape following properties.
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CN116154360A (en) * 2023-04-21 2023-05-23 柯灵爱尔(北京)环境技术中心 Battery heat insulation gasket
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