CN113895097B - 复合材料薄壳平面折展装置及收展方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复合材料薄壳平面折展装置及收展方法,包括复合材料薄壳、折展机构、末端支撑臂,折展机构安装在复合材料薄壳一侧边,末端支撑臂安装在复合材料薄壳折展机构安装位的对侧边上;复合材料薄壳包含结构层和连接层,结构层由至少两段圆弧双稳态复合材料卷尺结构并列组成,连接层为柔性薄膜或织物粘结在结构层的单侧或双侧表面;折展机构包括侧板、首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆;末端支撑臂由至少两节外伸缩杆依次连接构成,外伸缩杆安装在固定在复合材料薄壳末端的凸面上;本装置在展开与折叠状态下都能保持稳定且能重复折叠展开,空间利用率高、结构简单、比强度和比模量大、耐高温、耐腐蚀,能满足复杂多变的工作环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及机械结构技术领域,尤其涉及一种复合材料薄壳平面折展装置及收展方法。
背景技术
一些可移动的大型设备/装置中需要用到大面积的平板或框架结构(如太阳翼的基板,大型显示器的背板)。为了便于运载,这些板或框架结构满足强度要求的同时还要质量轻和易折展。传统的方案是将其划分为若干小面积的板或框架,通过机械组装或折叠完成变形,这些结构往往比较复杂,零部件较多,重量较大且难以实现重复折展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对以上不足之处,利用复合材料薄壳比强度高、收纳效率高等特点,提供了一种复合材料薄壳平面折展装置及收展方法。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的方案是,一种复合材料薄壳平面折展装置,包括复合材料薄壳、折展机构、末端支撑臂,折展机构安装在复合材料薄壳一侧边,末端支撑臂安装在复合材料薄壳折展机构安装位的对侧边上;
所述复合材料薄壳包含结构层和连接层,结构层由至少两段圆弧双稳态复合材料卷尺结构并列组成,连接层为柔性薄膜或织物粘结在结构层的单侧或双侧表面,并将各结构层连成一个整体;
所述折展机构包括侧板、首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆,侧板设置两个,首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆位于两侧板之间,首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆呈三角形分布,第一限位杆、第二限位杆均伸缩杆,第一限位杆两端与侧板连接固定,第二限位杆容置在侧板的直槽孔内,第二限位杆端部经拉伸弹簧连接侧板,所述首端支撑臂由至少两节内伸缩杆依次连接构成,内伸缩杆安装在固定在复合材料薄壳首端的凹面上;
所述末端支撑臂由至少两节外伸缩杆依次连接构成,外伸缩杆安装在固定在复合材料薄壳末端的凸面上。
进一步的,所述结构层的弧度为α,α不小于六分之一π且不大于π。
进一步的,所述侧板上设有呈三角形分布的安装支撑臂的安装圆孔A、安装第一限位杆的安装圆孔B、安装第二限位杆的直槽孔。
进一步的,所述结构层中双稳态复合材料卷尺结构的厚度与曲率半径之比小于1/20。
进一步的,所述内伸缩杆通过其上的长立柱连接复合材料薄壳,所述外伸缩杆通过其上的短立柱连接复合材料薄壳。
进一步的,所述长立柱、短立柱与复合材料薄壳的固定点沿宽度方向均匀分布。
进一步的,所述侧板上安装圆孔A的边缘与直槽孔的圆心最小距离S13为在高度方向的最小差值Δh13为/>安装圆孔B的边缘与直槽孔的圆心最小距离S23为/>安装圆孔A边缘与安装圆孔B边缘在高度方向的最小差值为Δh12为,Δh12不小于h;其中d外为复合材料薄壳处于折叠状态下的外径;h为复合材料薄壳处于展开状态下的高度;δ为复合材料薄壳的厚度。
进一步的,所述第一限位杆、第二限位杆、首端支撑臂和末端支撑臂的伸缩距离均为Δl,Δl=α(αr-2rsinα);其中r为双稳态复合材料卷尺结构的半径。
一种收展方法,采用复合材料薄壳平面折展装置:
收卷:展开状态下,将首端支撑臂向复合材料薄壳凸面所在的方向旋转,复合材料薄壳随之旋转并在接触到第一限位杆时发生弹性弯曲形变,然后在弯曲力矩作用下逐渐卷曲成圆筒状并推动第二限位杆向着远离首端支撑臂的方向滑动,拉伸弹簧的伸长量增加,第二限位杆紧贴复合材料薄壳;当末端支撑臂与第一限位杆接触,则装置转变为折叠状态并保持稳定,同时第一限位杆、第二限位杆、首端支撑臂及末端支撑臂伸长至最长状态,伸长量均为复合材料薄壳折叠后宽度的增加量;
展开:折叠状态下,将首端支撑臂向第二限位杆所在方向旋转,折叠状态下的复合材料薄壳随之转动并在末端支撑臂接触到第二限位杆时发生弹性形变然后逐渐回复到展开状态,同时第一限位杆、第二限位杆、首端支撑臂及末端支撑臂均缩短至最短状态。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:在展开与折叠状态下都能保持稳定且能重复折叠展开,具有空间利用率高、结构简单、比强度和比模量大、耐高温、耐腐蚀等优点,能满足复杂多变的工作环境。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明专利进一步说明。
图1是本装置处于展开构型时的结构示意图。
图2是本装置处于折叠构型时的结构示意图。
图3是复合材料薄壳的示意图。
图4是折展机构的示意图。
图5是侧板上孔位的分布示意图。
图6是末端支撑臂的示意图。
图7是折叠过程示意图。
图8是展开过程示意图。
图中:1-复合材料薄壳;11-结构层;12-连接层;2-折展机构;21-侧板;211-安装圆孔B;212-安装圆孔A;213-直槽孔;22-首端支撑臂;23-第一限位杆;24-第二限位杆;25- 拉伸弹簧;3-末端支撑臂。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
如图1-8所示,一种复合材料薄壳平面折展装置,包括复合材料薄壳1、折展机构2、末端支撑臂3,折展机构安装在复合材料薄壳一侧边,末端支撑臂安装在复合材料薄壳折展机构安装位的对侧边上;
所述复合材料薄壳包含结构层11和连接层12,结构层由至少两段圆弧双稳态复合材料卷尺结构并列组成,连接层为柔性薄膜或织物粘结在结构层的单侧或双侧表面,并将各结构层连成一个整体;通过调整复合材料薄壳的连接层和横截面的设计,能够根据需求调控其力学特性,适用于多种工程应用;
所述折展机构包括侧板21、首端支撑臂22、第一限位杆23、第二限位杆24,侧板设置两个,首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆位于两侧板之间,首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆呈三角形分布,第一限位杆、第二限位杆均伸缩杆,第一限位杆两端与侧板连接固定,第二限位杆容置在侧板的直槽孔213内,第二限位杆端部经拉伸弹簧25连接侧板,在折叠时,第二限位杆在拉伸弹簧作用下紧贴复合材料薄壳,所述首端支撑臂由至少两节内伸缩杆依次连接构成,内伸缩杆安装在固定在复合材料薄壳首端的凹面上;
所述末端支撑臂由至少两节外伸缩杆依次连接构成,外伸缩杆安装在固定在复合材料薄壳末端的凸面上;
本装置可实现平面内简单、高效、稳定的可控折叠与展开,且具有自锁功能。
在本实施例中,所述结构层的弧度为α,α不小于六分之一π且不大于π。
在本实施例中,所述侧板上设有呈三角形分布的安装支撑臂的安装圆孔A212、安装第一限位杆的安装圆孔B211、安装第二限位杆的直槽孔。
在本实施例中,所述结构层中双稳态复合材料卷尺结构的厚度与曲率半径之比小于 1/20。
在本实施例中,所述内伸缩杆通过其上的长立柱连接复合材料薄壳,长立柱的长度应满足平面折展复合材料薄壳机构在处于折叠状态时,首端支撑臂的轴心与复合材料薄壳折叠后的圆筒的轴心重合;所述外伸缩杆通过其上的短立柱连接复合材料薄壳;长立柱、短立柱与复合材料薄壳的连接方式为胶接,在一些优选的实施例中,可以采用铆接或螺栓连接的方式固定。
在本实施例中,所述长立柱、短立柱与复合材料薄壳的固定点沿宽度方向均匀分布。
在本实施例中,所述侧板上安装圆孔A的边缘与直槽孔的圆心最小距离S13为在高度方向的最小差值Δh13为/>安装圆孔B的边缘与直槽孔的圆心最小距离S23为/>安装圆孔A边缘与安装圆孔B边缘在高度方向的最小差值为Δh12为,Δh12不小于h;其中d外为复合材料薄壳处于折叠状态下的外径;h为复合材料薄壳处于展开状态下的高度;δ为复合材料薄壳的厚度。
在本实施例中,所述第一限位杆、第二限位杆、首端支撑臂和末端支撑臂的伸缩距离均为Δl,Δl=α(αr-2rsinα);其中r为双稳态复合材料卷尺结构的半径。
在本实施例中,结构层所用的复合材料是碳纤维-环氧树脂复合材料,在一些优选的实施例中,基体材料可采用不饱和聚酯、乙烯基酯树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸树脂中的任一种;增强材料可采用玻璃纤维、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、蚕丝蛋白、大麻植物纤维中的任一种,原料来源广泛。
在本实施例中,连接层位于复合材料薄壳的凸面,在一些优选的实施例中,连接层可以位于复合材料薄壳的凹面,在另一些优选的实施例中,连接层可以有两层,位于复合材料薄壳的凹面和凸面。
本实施例中,连接层材质为柔性薄膜材料,可采用聚乙烯或聚酰胺等柔性材料制成,在一些优选的实施例中,连接层可以采用镀铝或镀银等反光材料,提高遮挡阳光、控制温度的作用,在另一些优选的实施例中,连接层可以采用经渗碳工艺处理的深色薄膜,以提高其吸收热量的能力。
一种收展方法,采用复合材料薄壳平面折展装置:
收卷:展开状态下,将首端支撑臂向复合材料薄壳凸面所在的方向旋转,复合材料薄壳随之旋转并在接触到第一限位杆时发生弹性弯曲形变,然后在弯曲力矩作用下逐渐卷曲成圆筒状并推动第二限位杆向着远离首端支撑臂的方向滑动,拉伸弹簧的伸长量增加,第二限位杆紧贴复合材料薄壳;当末端支撑臂与第一限位杆接触,则装置转变为折叠状态并保持稳定,同时第一限位杆、第二限位杆、首端支撑臂及末端支撑臂伸长至最长状态,伸长量均为复合材料薄壳折叠后宽度的增加量;
展开:折叠状态下,将首端支撑臂向第二限位杆所在方向旋转,折叠状态下的复合材料薄壳随之转动并在末端支撑臂接触到第二限位杆时发生弹性形变然后逐渐回复到展开状态,同时第一限位杆、第二限位杆、首端支撑臂及末端支撑臂均缩短至最短状态。
本专利如果公开或涉及了互相固定连接的零部件或结构件,那么,除另有声明外,固定连接可以理解为:能够拆卸地固定连接(例如使用螺栓或螺钉连接),也可以理解为:不可拆卸的固定连接(例如铆接、焊接),当然,互相固定连接也可以为一体式结构(例如使用铸造工艺一体成形制造出来)所取代(明显无法采用一体成形工艺除外)。
在本专利的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本专利,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本专利的限制。
上列较佳实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和优点进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种复合材料薄壳平面折展装置,其特征在于:包括复合材料薄壳、折展机构、末端支撑臂,折展机构安装在复合材料薄壳一侧边,末端支撑臂安装在复合材料薄壳折展机构安装位的对侧边上;
所述复合材料薄壳包含结构层和连接层,结构层由至少两段圆弧双稳态复合材料卷尺结构并列组成,连接层为柔性薄膜或织物粘结在结构层的单侧或双侧表面,并将各结构层连成一个整体;
所述折展机构包括侧板、首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆,侧板设置两个,首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆位于两侧板之间,首端支撑臂、第一限位杆、第二限位杆呈三角形分布,第一限位杆、第二限位杆均伸缩杆,第一限位杆两端与侧板连接固定,第二限位杆容置在侧板的直槽孔内,第二限位杆端部经拉伸弹簧连接侧板,所述首端支撑臂由至少两节内伸缩杆依次连接构成,内伸缩杆安装在固定在复合材料薄壳首端的凹面上;
所述末端支撑臂由至少两节外伸缩杆依次连接构成,外伸缩杆安装在固定在复合材料薄壳末端的凸面上;
所述内伸缩杆通过其上的长立柱连接复合材料薄壳,所述外伸缩杆通过其上的短立柱连接复合材料薄壳;
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料薄壳平面折展装置,其特征在于:所述侧板上设有呈三角形分布的安装支撑臂的安装圆孔A、安装第一限位杆的安装圆孔B、安装第二限位杆的直槽孔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料薄壳平面折展装置,其特征在于:所述结构层中双稳态复合材料卷尺结构的厚度与曲率半径之比小于1/20。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合材料薄壳平面折展装置,其特征在于:所述长立柱、短立柱与复合材料薄壳的固定点沿宽度方向均匀分布。
8.一种收展方法,采用如权利要求1所述的复合材料薄壳平面折展装置,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
收卷:展开状态下,将首端支撑臂向复合材料薄壳凸面所在的方向旋转,复合材料薄壳随之旋转并在接触到第一限位杆时发生弹性弯曲形变,然后在弯曲力矩作用下逐渐卷曲成圆筒状并推动第二限位杆向着远离首端支撑臂的方向滑动,拉伸弹簧的伸长量增加,第二限位杆紧贴复合材料薄壳;当末端支撑臂与第一限位杆接触,则装置转变为折叠状态并保持稳定,同时第一限位杆、第二限位杆、首端支撑臂及末端支撑臂伸长至最长状态,伸长量均为复合材料薄壳折叠后宽度的增加量;
展开:折叠状态下,将首端支撑臂向第二限位杆所在方向旋转,折叠状态下的复合材料薄壳随之转动并在末端支撑臂接触到第二限位杆时发生弹性形变然后逐渐回复到展开状态,同时第一限位杆、第二限位杆、首端支撑臂及末端支撑臂均缩短至最短状态。
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