CN113894402B - Titanium steel composite plate and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Titanium steel composite plate and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113894402B CN113894402B CN202111250417.XA CN202111250417A CN113894402B CN 113894402 B CN113894402 B CN 113894402B CN 202111250417 A CN202111250417 A CN 202111250417A CN 113894402 B CN113894402 B CN 113894402B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal compounding. The invention provides a preparation method of a titanium steel composite board, which is characterized in that a steel plate, a titanium plate, engine oil and explosives are sequentially placed from bottom to top, edge initiation is carried out at the center of a long edge of the titanium plate to obtain a semi-finished product plate, and the semi-finished product plate is annealed to eliminate stress generated by combination of materials to obtain the titanium steel composite board. According to the preparation method provided by the application, a mode of combining explosive welding and annealing treatment is adopted, the interface bonding rate of the produced titanium steel composite plate reaches 99.9%, the interface shear strength is 335MPa, the unevenness of the whole plate is as low as 2.4mm, the tensile strength reaches 464MPa, the yield strength reaches 365MPa, delamination and cracking do not occur, and various technical indexes serving as tube plates in various fields are met. The titanium steel composite plate prepared by the invention has corrosion resistance and high strength, and can be used as a tube plate forming material for heat exchangers in various fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal compounding, in particular to a titanium steel composite plate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance; the steel has high strength and high elastic modulus, and is relatively low in price, and the composite plate obtained by combining the two materials has excellent corrosion resistance, high strength and plasticity, has good comprehensive performance, and becomes an indispensable structural material in modern chemical industry and pressure container industry. In the petrochemical industry, the equipment for preparing the titanium steel composite plate not only ensures the corrosion resistance of the solution, but also ensures the strength and rigidity of the equipment, and can greatly reduce the production cost of the product. In the prior art, when the titanium steel is compounded, a rolling mode is required, the process requirement is high, a thicker titanium plate is required to be used, and the production cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a titanium steel composite plate and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a titanium steel composite plate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out explosive welding in a mode of sequentially placing a steel plate, a titanium plate, engine oil and explosive from bottom to top to obtain a semi-finished plate;
(2) And annealing the semi-finished plate to obtain the titanium steel composite plate.
Preferably, in the step (1), the surface roughness of the steel plate is less than or equal to 1.8 μm, and the surface roughness of the titanium plate is less than or equal to 1.8 μm;
the thickness of the steel plate is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the titanium plate is 0.6-0.8 cm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the length and width of the titanium plate exceed the length and width of the steel plate by 50-60 mm, and the detonation mode of the explosive welding is that the central edge of the long side of the titanium plate is detonated.
Preferably, the distance between the steel plate and the titanium plate in the step (1) is 1.2-1.4 cm; the machine oil is coated on the upper surface of the titanium plate, and the explosive is placed on the surface layer of the machine oil.
Preferably, the thickness of the engine oil in the step (1) is 0.5mm or less.
Preferably, the thickness of the explosive in the step (1) is 5.6-7.8 cm; the detonation velocity of the explosive is 2000-2400 m/s.
Preferably, the annealing treatment in the step (2) is a first-step treatment and a second-step treatment which are sequentially performed;
the target temperature of the first step of treatment is 340-560 ℃, the heat preservation time after the first step of treatment reaches the target temperature is 1-2 h, and the heating rate of the first step of treatment is 1.5-2.3 ℃/min.
Preferably, the target temperature of the second step of treatment is 600-640 ℃, the heating rate from the target temperature of the first step of treatment to the target temperature of the second step of treatment is 1.3-2.0 ℃/min, and the holding time after the target temperature of the second step of treatment is reached is 2-4 h.
The invention also provides the titanium steel composite board obtained by the preparation method.
The invention also provides application of the titanium steel composite plate as a tube plate.
The invention provides a preparation method of a titanium steel composite board, which is characterized in that a steel plate, a titanium plate, engine oil and explosives are sequentially placed from bottom to top, edge initiation is carried out at the center of a long edge of the titanium plate to obtain a semi-finished product plate, and the semi-finished product plate is annealed to eliminate stress generated by combination of materials to obtain the titanium steel composite board. The preparation method provided by the application adopts a mode of combining explosive welding and annealing treatment, and the produced titanium steel composite plate is high in interface bonding rate, high in interface shear strength and small in whole plate unevenness, and is a titanium steel composite plate with excellent performance. The titanium steel composite plate prepared by the invention has corrosion resistance and high strength, and can be used as a tube plate forming material for heat exchangers in various fields.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a titanium steel composite plate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out explosive welding in a mode of sequentially placing a steel plate, a titanium plate, engine oil and explosive from bottom to top to obtain a semi-finished plate;
(2) And annealing the semi-finished plate to obtain the titanium steel composite plate.
In the present invention, a steel plate is used as a base plate, and a titanium plate is used as a clad plate.
In the invention, before explosion welding, the joint surface of the steel plate and the titanium plate is polished, so that the surface roughness is reduced and the performance of the composite plate is improved.
In the present invention, the surface roughness of the steel sheet in the step (1) is preferably 1.8 μm or less, more preferably 1.6 μm or less, and still more preferably 1.4 μm or less; the surface roughness of the titanium plate is preferably 1.8 μm or less, more preferably 1.6 μm or less, and still more preferably 1.4 μm or less.
In the present invention, the thickness of the steel plate is preferably 10 to 15cm, more preferably 11 to 14cm, and still more preferably 12 to 13cm; the thickness of the titanium plate is preferably 0.6 to 0.8cm, more preferably 0.64 to 0.76cm, and still more preferably 0.68 to 0.72cm.
In the present invention, the length and width dimensions of the titanium plate in the step (1) preferably exceed the length and width dimensions of the steel plate by 50 to 60mm, more preferably 52 to 58mm, and still more preferably 54 to 56mm; the initiation mode of explosive welding is preferably initiation of the center edge of the long edge of the titanium plate.
In the invention, the area of the titanium plate is larger than that of the steel plate, so that the influence of boundary effect on explosive bonding can be avoided during detonation.
In the present invention, the distance between the steel plate and the titanium plate in the step (1) is preferably 1.2 to 1.4cm, more preferably 1.25 to 1.35cm, and still more preferably 1.28 to 1.32cm; the machine oil is coated on the upper surface of the titanium plate, and the explosive is placed on the surface layer of the machine oil.
In the present invention, the thickness of the engine oil in the step (1) is preferably 0.5mm or less, more preferably 0.4mm or less, and still more preferably 0.3mm or less.
In the invention, the machine oil is coated on the upper surface of the titanium plate, so that the burning mark generated on the surface of the titanium plate by explosive initiation in the explosive welding process can be effectively prevented, and the performance reduction caused by the unevenness of the surface of the titanium plate can be avoided.
In the present invention, the thickness of the explosive in the step (1) is preferably 5.6 to 7.8cm, more preferably 6 to 7.2cm, and still more preferably 6.4 to 6.8cm; the detonation velocity of the explosive is preferably 2000-2400 m/s, more preferably 2100-2300 m/s, and even more preferably 2150-2250 m/s.
In the present invention, the annealing treatment in the step (2) is preferably a first-step treatment and a second-step treatment which are sequentially performed.
In the invention, the target temperature of the first step of treatment is preferably 340-560 ℃, more preferably 400-500 ℃, and more preferably 440-460 ℃; the heat preservation time after the first-step treatment reaches the target temperature is preferably 1 to 2 hours, more preferably 1.2 to 1.8 hours, and even more preferably 1.4 to 1.6 hours; the temperature rise rate of the first treatment is preferably 1.5 to 2.3 ℃/min, more preferably 1.6 to 2.2 ℃/min, and still more preferably 1.8 to 2.0 ℃/min.
In the invention, the target temperature of the second step of treatment is preferably 600-640 ℃, more preferably 610-630 ℃, and more preferably 615-625 ℃; the heating rate from the first-step treatment target temperature to the second-step treatment target temperature is preferably 1.3-2.0 ℃/min, more preferably 1.5-1.8 ℃/min, and even more preferably 1.6-1.7 ℃/min; the holding time after the second step treatment reaches the target temperature is preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 2.4 to 3.6 hours, and even more preferably 2.8 to 3.2 hours.
In the invention, the stress of the material bonding interface is eliminated by adopting a step-by-step heat treatment method, and the ductility and the toughness of the material are increased.
The invention also provides the titanium steel composite board obtained by the preparation method.
The invention also provides application of the titanium steel composite plate as a tube plate.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The titanium plate adopted in the embodiment is TA2, and the steel plate is Q235B; before welding, grinding the joint surface of the steel plate and the titanium plate until the surface roughness is 1.4 mu m; the thickness of the steel plate after polishing is 12.3cm. The titanium plate is 0.72cm; the length and width of the titanium plate exceed the length and width of the steel plate by 55mm.
The steel plate, the titanium plate, the engine oil and the explosive are stacked, the distance between the steel plate and the titanium plate is 1.3cm, the surface of the titanium plate is coated with a layer of engine oil with the thickness of 0.4mm, and then the explosive is placed. The thickness of the explosive is 6.6cm, and the detonation velocity of the explosive is 2300m/s. After the preparation work is ready, the center edge of the long edge of one side of the titanium plate is detonated to obtain a semi-finished plate.
Heating the obtained semi-finished plate to 450 ℃ along with the furnace at the heating rate of 2.0 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 1.5 hours to finish the first step of treatment; after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is raised from 450 ℃ to 630 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 1.6 ℃/min, and the heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours to finish the second step of heat treatment; and after the annealing treatment is finished, cooling the titanium steel composite plate to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the titanium steel composite plate.
The titanium steel composite board prepared in this example was subjected to a performance test, and the results are recorded in table 1.
Example 2
The titanium plate adopted in the embodiment is TA9, and the steel plate is Q245R; before welding, grinding the joint surface of the steel plate and the titanium plate until the surface roughness is 1.6 mu m; the thickness of the steel plate after grinding is 14.7cm. The titanium plate is 0.66cm; the length and width of the titanium plate exceed the length and width of the steel plate by 50mm.
The steel plate, the titanium plate, the engine oil and the explosive are stacked, the distance between the steel plate and the titanium plate is 1.2cm, the surface of the titanium plate is coated with a layer of engine oil with the thickness of 0.5mm, and then the explosive is placed. The thickness of the explosive is 5.6cm, and the detonation velocity of the explosive is 2000m/s. After the preparation work is ready, the center edge of the long edge of one side of the titanium plate is detonated to obtain a semi-finished plate.
Heating the obtained semi-finished plate to 500 ℃ along with the furnace at the heating rate of 1.6 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 2h to finish the first step of treatment; after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is raised from 500 ℃ to 600 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 2.0 ℃/min, and the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours to finish the second step of heat treatment; and after the annealing treatment is finished, cooling the titanium steel composite plate to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the titanium steel composite plate.
The titanium steel composite board prepared in this example was subjected to a performance test, and the results are recorded in table 1.
Example 3
The titanium plate adopted in the embodiment is TA10, and the steel plate is Q345R; before welding, grinding the joint surface of the steel plate and the titanium plate until the surface roughness is 1.7 mu m; the thickness of the steel plate after polishing is 11.8cm. The titanium plate is 0.76cm; the length and width of the titanium plate exceed the length and width of the steel plate by 60mm.
And (2) stacking the steel plate, the titanium plate, the engine oil and the explosive, wherein the distance between the steel plate and the titanium plate is 1.4cm, coating a layer of engine oil with the thickness of 0.3mm on the surface of the titanium plate, and then placing the explosive. The thickness of the explosive is 6.8cm, and the detonation velocity of the explosive is 2400m/s. After the preparation work is ready, the center edge of the long edge of one side of the titanium plate is detonated to obtain a semi-finished plate.
Heating the obtained semi-finished plate to 400 ℃ along with the furnace at the heating rate of 2.2 ℃/min, and then preserving heat for 1h to finish the first step of treatment; after the heat preservation is finished, the temperature is raised from 400 ℃ to 640 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 1.4 ℃/min, and the heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours to finish the second step of heat treatment; and after the annealing treatment is finished, cooling the titanium steel composite plate to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the titanium steel composite plate.
The titanium steel composite board prepared in this example was subjected to a performance test, and the results are recorded in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the distance between the steel plate and the titanium plate is controlled to be 1.8cm, the composite plate is manufactured without changing the other conditions, and the test results of the composite plate are recorded in table 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that the temperature rise rate of the first treatment step was 8 c/min, the remaining conditions were unchanged to prepare composite panels, and the test results of the composite panels are reported in table 1.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the temperature of the second step treatment is 660 ℃, the composite board is prepared under the same conditions, and the test results of the composite board are recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the embodiment, the composite titanium steel plate is obtained by adopting the processing modes of explosive bonding and step annealing, the product with excellent performance is obtained, the interface bonding rate reaches 99.9%, the interface shear strength is 335MPa, the unevenness of the whole plate is as low as 2.4mm, the tensile strength reaches 464MPa, the yield strength reaches 365MPa, the yield ratio reaches over 0.78, the composite titanium steel plate has good yield, elongation and impact resistance, and is free from delamination and cracking, so that the composite titanium steel plate meets various technical indexes of tube plates in various fields. The comparative example shows that the distance between the steel plate and the titanium plate is one of the factors influencing the performance of the composite plate, when the distance is increased, the flight speed of the titanium plate is increased, namely the impact force of the titanium plate impacting the base plate is increased, so that the phenomenon of over-melting occurs on a combined interface, and the defect of no composite of the interface is caused. It is surmised from this that the spacing between the two plates should be maintained within a suitable range to obtain the best performing titanium steel composite panel. The heating speed of annealing treatment is one of means for changing microstructure and crystal grains, and can also influence whether the stress of a combined interface is eliminated, so that the performance index of the composite plate can be controlled by changing the heating rate; the annealing temperature cannot be too high, the recrystallization phenomenon appears at the bonding interface of the composite board at the too high processing temperature, and the shear strength is sharply reduced, so the explosive welding and heat treatment process in the invention needs to be carried out in a proper range, and the reduction of the performance of the composite board is avoided.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the titanium steel composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Carrying out explosive welding in a mode of sequentially placing a steel plate, a titanium plate, engine oil and explosive from bottom to top to obtain a semi-finished plate;
(2) Annealing the semi-finished plate to obtain the titanium steel composite plate;
the detonation velocity of the explosive is 2000-2400 m/s;
the annealing treatment in the step (2) is a first step treatment and a second step treatment which are sequentially carried out;
the target temperature of the first step of treatment is 340-560 ℃, the heat preservation time after the first step of treatment reaches the target temperature is 1-2 h, and the heating rate of the first step of treatment is 1.5-2.3 ℃/min;
the target temperature of the second step of treatment is 600-640 ℃, the heating rate from the target temperature of the first step of treatment to the target temperature of the second step of treatment is 1.3-2.0 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time after the target temperature of the second step of treatment is reached is 2-4 h.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the steel sheet in the step (1) is 1.8 μm or less, and the surface roughness of the titanium sheet is 1.8 μm or less;
the thickness of the steel plate is 10-15 cm, and the thickness of the titanium plate is 0.6-0.8 cm.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length and width of the titanium plate in the step (1) exceed the length and width of the steel plate by 50-60 mm, and the initiation mode of explosive welding is initiation of the central edge of the long side of the titanium plate.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the steel plate and the titanium plate in the step (1) is 1.2 to 1.4cm; the machine oil is coated on the upper surface of the titanium plate, and the explosive is placed on the surface layer of the machine oil.
5. The production method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the thickness of the engine oil in the step (1) is 0.5mm or less.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the explosive in step (1) has a thickness of 5.6 to 7.8cm.
7. The titanium steel composite board obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the titanium steel composite panel of claim 7 as a tube sheet.
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| JPH04157001A (en) * | 1990-10-13 | 1992-05-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of titanium clad steel sheet excellent in joining strength |
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| CN103009702A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 南京润邦金属复合材料有限公司 | W6Mo5Cr4V2/Q345 explosive welding composite material |
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