CN113893828A - Preparation method of porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent - Google Patents
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/40—Organic compounds containing sulfur
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent, which comprises the following steps: s1: reducing the particle size of the coal-fired solid waste fly ash by a physical ball milling method, increasing the relative surface area, and creating a loading site of silane coupling reaction to obtain porous fly ash particles to be loaded; s2: and introducing electropositive quaternary amine groups on the porous fly ash particles to be loaded through silane coupling reaction to prepare the porous electropositive fly ash material. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple operation, no strict preparation environment requirement and the like; the prepared adsorbent can effectively adsorb polyfluoroalkyl substances in a water body, meets the requirement of solid waste resource utilization, and is suitable for industrial popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water environment treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent.
Background
Polyfluoroalkyl materials have been widely used as industrial coatings (e.g., non-stick coatings) and cleaning products because of their oil resistance, stain resistance, and surface activity. Since polyfluoroalkyl substances have high reproductive toxicity and difficult degradability, the use and substitution of polyfluoroalkyl substances (Topo [ 2020 ] 132) have been recently introduced in 5 months of 2020. Polyfluoroalkyl substances widely exist in natural water and industrial wastewater, but the existing disinfection and biological sludge processes of sewage treatment plants cannot effectively degrade the substances. Therefore, at the present stage, a common treatment approach is to use an adsorbent mainly comprising activated carbon for adsorption treatment.
The activated carbon is used as a common adsorbent due to the larger specific surface area of 500-1000m2And/g, the adsorbent has higher adsorption capacity to dye and heavy metal ions in a high-concentration environment. However, considering the large particle size and low selectivity of activated carbon, it is not possible to efficiently adsorb trace amounts of polyfluoroalkyl substances in water. Therefore, the development of a novel adsorbent is urgently needed at present to realize the high-efficiency treatment of the water body polluted by the polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a preparation method of a porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent, the whole method has the advantages of simple operation, no strict preparation environment requirement and the like, and the prepared adsorbent can effectively adsorb polyfluoroalkyl substances in water, meets the requirement of solid waste resource utilization and is suitable for industrial popularization.
In the conception process of the technical scheme, the applicant considers that the fly ash is used as a coal-fired byproduct of thermal power generation, and has the characteristics of low cost, large yield and the like. The fly ash is mainly composed of SiO2、Al2O3And CaO, and the like, and shows a certain application prospect in the aspects of industrial demercuration, heavy metal ion adsorption and the like. Due to the smaller specific surface area (1 to 5 m)2/g) and surface electronegativity (zeta potential is-2 mV to-20 mV in the range of pH 6 to pH 8), the original fly ash has the problems of low adsorption rate and slow adsorption rate for polyfluoroalkyl substances which are electronegative in water. Therefore, in consideration of the urgent need of treating trace polyfluoroalkyl substances and the deficiency of the adsorption capacity of the prior activated carbon adsorbent and the original fly ash material, the development of the preparation method of the high-efficiency fly ash adsorbent has remarkable effectSocial and economic benefits.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the technical scheme aims to protect a preparation method of a porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent, which comprises the following steps:
s1: reducing the particle size of the coal-fired solid waste fly ash by a physical ball milling method, increasing the relative surface area, and creating a loading site of silane coupling reaction to obtain porous fly ash particles to be loaded;
s2: and introducing electropositive quaternary amine groups on the porous fly ash particles to be loaded through silane coupling reaction to prepare the porous electropositive fly ash material.
Further, in S1, before the physical ball milling, the fly ash from the coal combustion solid waste is screened by a screen to obtain the fly ash from the coal combustion solid waste with a particle size smaller than 15 μm.
Further, in S1, the physical ball milling process includes adding the screened solid waste fly ash from the coal-fired material into a ball milling tank of the ball mill, adding ball milling beads, and starting the ball mill to operate for 0.2-1 h.
Further, in S1, the mesh number of the mesh was 800 mesh.
Further, in S1, the mass ratio of the ball-milled beads to the fly ash is 10: 1.
further, the specific surface area of the porous fly ash particles to be loaded obtained in S1 is 20.4-36.9m2(iv)/g, the porous fly ash particles to be loaded have an average particle size of 0.8 microns.
Further, in S2, the process of introducing the electropositive quaternary amine group is: adding the porous fly ash particles to be loaded and a silane coupling agent containing quaternary ammonium groups into distilled water, uniformly mixing, adding acetic acid to accelerate silane coupling reaction, and drying to obtain the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent.
Further, in S2, the silane coupling agent of the quaternary ammonium group is trimethyl [3- (trimethylsilyl) propyl ] ammonium chloride.
Further, in S2, the mass ratio of the porous fly ash particles to be loaded to the silane coupling agent containing quaternary ammonium groups is 10: 1;
the adding amount of the acetic acid is 0.1 percent of the mass of the distilled water;
the temperature of the silane coupling reaction is 70 ℃, and the reaction time is 2 h.
Further, in S2, the specific surface area of the porous electropositive fly ash material prepared is 18.4-32.1m2The zeta potential on the surface of the particles is kept between +18mV and +23mV at pH 6-8.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
(1) the preparation method realizes the conversion of the industrial waste residues to the specific adsorbent products by recycling the fly ash of the coal-fired waste, and is beneficial to simultaneously improving the water environment treatment and the stacking problem of the fly ash waste residues of the thermal power plant.
(2) According to the preparation method, small-size and porous fly ash particles are prepared by a physical ball milling method, so that the specific surface area of the adsorbent is increased; and further introduces electropositive groups by a chemical coupling method to increase the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent to electronegative polyfluoroalkyl substances.
(3) The porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the adsorption rate of 96.2% to perfluorooctane sulfonate (a representative of polyfluoroalkyl substances), is obviously higher than that of a commercial powdery activated carbon adsorbent (36.1%) under the same dosage, and solves the problem of low adsorption rate of the commercial activated carbon adsorbent and an original fly ash material.
(4) The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, does not relate to high-temperature calcination and strong acid and strong alkali processes, does not have the requirement of waste gas treatment, and the prepared adsorbent has the characteristics of high adsorption rate, low cost and the like, and is suitable for industrial popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of making porous electropositive fly ash according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a porous electropositive fly ash prepared in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the adsorption effect of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and the activated carbon control sample on perfluorooctanesulfonic acid.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. In the technical scheme, characteristics such as preparation means, materials, structures or composition ratios and the like which are not explicitly described are all regarded as common technical characteristics disclosed in the prior art.
In order to further clarify the objects, schemes and application prospects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail by combining the drawings and the embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The components of the fly ash material were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and the resulting components are shown in table 1. The results demonstrate that the main component of fly ash is SiO2And Al2O3Accounts for more than 70 percent of the total fly ash, and has good basis for physical grinding and silane coupling agent reaction.
TABLE 1 composition of fly ash feedstock
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent of the present invention, wherein the specific preparation method is referred to example 3 (examples 1 to 2 may be regarded as comparative examples).
To better show the beneficial effect of the preparation method in the aspect of treating polyfluoroalkyl substances, the following description is made with reference to specific examples to show the adsorption effect:
example 1
(1) Taking fly ash of waste residue of fire coal as a raw material, washing and drying, and screening out fly ash particles with the particle size of less than 15 microns through a screen mesh; the obtained granules are dried for later use.
Example 2
(1) Taking fly ash of waste residue of fire coal as a raw material, washing and drying, and screening out fly ash particles with the particle size of less than 15 microns through a screen mesh; and (5) drying for later use.
(2) Adding zirconia ball-milling beads with the size of 5 mm and the fly ash particles into a ball mill cavity according to the mass ratio of 10: 1; the proper loading amount in the wet grinding process is 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the ball milling cavity, the rotating speed is 300 r/min, and the wet grinding time is 30 min; filtering the ball-milled slurry by a 20-mesh screen, and drying the filtrate to obtain porous fly ash particles for later use.
Example 3
(1) Taking fly ash of waste residue of fire coal as a raw material, washing and drying, and screening out fly ash particles with the particle size of less than 15 microns through a screen mesh; and (5) drying for later use.
(2) Adding zirconia ball-milling beads with the size of 5 mm and the fly ash particles into a ball mill cavity according to the mass ratio of 10: 1; the proper loading amount in the wet grinding process is 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the ball milling cavity, the rotating speed is 300 r/min, and the wet grinding time is 30 min; and filtering the ball-milled slurry by using a 20-mesh screen, and drying the filtrate to obtain porous fly ash particles.
(3) Mixing the obtained porous fly ash particles with a silane coupling agent trimethyl [3- (trimethylsilyl) propyl ] ammonium chloride (CAS number 35141-36-7) according to the mass ratio of 10:1 adding distilled water for mixing, and then adding acetic acid accounting for 0.1 percent of the mass of the solution for accelerating hydrolysis reaction; the reaction is controlled at 70 ℃ and the reaction time is 2 h; and drying to obtain the porous electropositive fly ash particle adsorbent.
FIG. 2 is a morphology of a porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent prepared by a preferred embodiment of the present invention (example 3); analysis by scanning electron microscopy gave: the small granular adsorbent with the grain length of about 1 micron is obtained by ball milling successfully, and the reduction of the size can promote the mass transfer rate in the pores in the adsorption process and accelerate the adsorption process; meanwhile, the surface of the adsorbent is rough and porous, so that more adsorption sites can be provided to enhance the adsorption capacity.
In the adsorption experiment, perfluorooctane sulfonate is used as a representative of the polyfluoroalkyl substance, and quantitative test is carried out by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer; and a commercial powdered activated carbon adsorbent (200 mesh, shanghai mclin a805338) was used as a control for fly ash adsorbent performance testing. The specific adsorption experiments were as follows: preparing a perfluorooctane sulfonate solution with the initial concentration of 3mg/L in distilled water, and simulating the actual water environment (pH 7.5, solution conductivity 700 mu S/cm) by adding sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH buffer solution) and sodium chloride (ionic strength regulator); sequentially taking 5mg of fly ash adsorbent (examples 1, 2 and 3) prepared by the invention and a commercial activated carbon adsorbent, and respectively adding the fly ash adsorbent and the commercial activated carbon adsorbent into 100ml of the perfluorooctane sulfonate solution to carry out adsorption test; after 4h of adsorption time, the concentration of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid remaining in the solution was measured. In example 3, the adsorption rate of perfluorooctane sulfonate reaches 96.2% by combining a physical ball milling method and a treatment method of introducing an electropositive quaternary amine group by chemical coupling, and the method has a remarkable advantage in adsorption performance compared with commercial activated carbon, and embodies the innovation of the preparation method of the invention.
Experiments show that the fly ash modification method can obviously improve the adsorption effect of the fly ash on the polyfluoroalkyl substances.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: reducing the particle size of the coal-fired solid waste fly ash by a physical ball milling method, increasing the relative surface area, and creating a loading site of silane coupling reaction to obtain porous fly ash particles to be loaded;
s2: and introducing electropositive quaternary amine groups on the porous fly ash particles to be loaded through silane coupling reaction to prepare the porous electropositive fly ash material.
2. The method for preparing the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein in S1, before the physical ball milling, the coal-fired solid waste fly ash is screened by a screen mesh to obtain a particle size of less than 15 μm.
3. The preparation method of the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent according to claim 2, wherein in S1, the physical ball milling process comprises the steps of adding the screened coal-fired solid waste fly ash into a ball milling tank of a ball mill, adding ball milling beads, and starting the ball mill to operate for 0.2-1 h.
4. The method for preparing the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent of claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the mesh number of the screen is 800 meshes.
5. The method for preparing the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent according to claim 3, wherein in S1, the mass ratio of the ball milling beads to the fly ash is 10: 1.
6. the method of claim 3, wherein the specific surface area of the porous fly ash particles to be loaded obtained in S1 is 20.4-36.9m2(iv)/g, the porous fly ash particles to be loaded have an average particle size of 0.8 microns.
7. The method for preparing the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent of claim 1, wherein in the step of introducing the electropositive quaternary amine group in the step of S2, the steps are as follows: adding the porous fly ash particles to be loaded and a silane coupling agent containing quaternary ammonium groups into distilled water, uniformly mixing, adding acetic acid to accelerate silane coupling reaction, and drying to obtain the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent.
8. The method for preparing the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent of claim 7, wherein in S2, the silane coupling agent of the quaternary ammonium group is trimethyl [3- (trimethylsilyl) propyl ] ammonium chloride.
9. The method for preparing the porous electropositive fly ash adsorbent according to claim 7, wherein in S2, the mass ratio of the porous fly ash particles to be loaded to the silane coupling agent containing quaternary ammonium groups is 10: 1;
the adding amount of the acetic acid is 0.1 percent of the mass of the distilled water;
the temperature of the silane coupling reaction is 70 ℃, and the reaction time is 2 h.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the specific surface area of the porous electropositive fly ash material prepared in S2 is 18.4-32.1m2The zeta potential on the surface of the particles is kept between +18mV and +23mV at pH 6-8.
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- 2021-11-23 CN CN202111392934.0A patent/CN113893828A/en active Pending
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| US20070292328A1 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-20 | Yang Xiaolin D | Mercury Sorbents and Methods of Manufacture and Use |
| CN106423109A (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2017-02-22 | 青岛大学 | Cation-modified fly ash adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN106540652A (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2017-03-29 | 青岛大学 | Modified flying dust of a kind of quaternary ammonium salt cationic and preparation method thereof |
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