CN113892932B - Real-time in-vivo tissue identification equipment in tumor resection and matched identification method thereof - Google Patents
Real-time in-vivo tissue identification equipment in tumor resection and matched identification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113892932B CN113892932B CN202111177406.3A CN202111177406A CN113892932B CN 113892932 B CN113892932 B CN 113892932B CN 202111177406 A CN202111177406 A CN 202111177406A CN 113892932 B CN113892932 B CN 113892932B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/0507—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves using microwaves or terahertz waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The application provides a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection and a matched identification method thereof, wherein the real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection transmits and receives reflection coefficient information obtained by radio frequency-microwave frequency band electromagnetic waves to a tissue to be detected, and the real-time in-vivo tissue identification in tumor resection can be realized by applying the identification method provided by the application. Based on the device and the method, tissue sampling is not needed to be made into slices, any probe or dye is not needed to be injected into the body, and the device and the method have the characteristics of being simple in operation, capable of in-vivo detection and providing identification results in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of auxiliary diagnosis in tumor surgical resection, in particular to a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection and a matched identification method thereof.
Background
In the tumor surgery, tumor tissues are thoroughly resected, normal functional tissues are reserved to the maximum extent, the postoperative recurrence rate can be effectively reduced, and the survival quality of patients is improved. The surgeon can grasp whether the part to be resected is tumor tissue or not in real time, namely, the tissue in operation is identified in real time in vivo, which has important significance for the quality of tumor resection operation.
The tissue identification technical means in the prior art is mainly based on an optical detection identification method, and the tissue identification is realized by injecting fluorescent probes into a human body, wherein the difference of accumulation degrees of the probes in normal tissues and tumor tissues leads to the difference of optical imaging, so that the technical advantages are that the tumor tissues can be identified in real time; the disadvantages mainly include two aspects: firstly, fluorescent probes need to be injected into the body, but the types of probes which can be directly used in clinic are limited at present, and the specificity is not high; secondly, due to the influence of the tissue itself on the absorption and scattering of light, the detection depth is not high, and the method cannot be used for identifying deeper tumor tissues.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, it is highly desirable to provide a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device and a matched identification method thereof in tumor resection, so as to realize in-vivo accurate measurement and identification of human tissues.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection and a matched identification method thereof, which are used for realizing in-vivo accurate measurement and identification of human tissues.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
a device for real-time in-vivo identification of tissue during a tumor resection, comprising: the device comprises a power supply device, a signal generator, a power distributor, a directional coupler, a digital-to-analog converter, a digital signal processor, a multi-channel acquisition port, a probe, a central processing unit, an output display and an electromagnetic shielding device; wherein:
the input end of the power supply device is connected with 220V mains supply to supply power for the whole equipment; the power supply device is internally provided with a leakage protection switch, a transformer and a rectifier; the leakage protection switch detects leakage current intensity, and when the current is overlarge, the power supply is automatically cut off instantaneously; the transformer realizes the electrical isolation of the commercial power and the power supply inside the equipment, and reduces the voltage of the commercial power to a safe voltage range; the rectifier converts alternating current into direct current; the output end of the power supply device is divided into two paths, wherein the first path provides 24-volt direct current power for the signal generator, and the second path provides 12-volt direct current power for the digital signal processor, the central processing unit and the output display;
the signal generator is provided with a 24-volt direct current power supply by a first output end of the power supply device, and the output end of the signal generator is connected with the input end of the power distributor; the output end of the power divider is two paths, and the first path of output end of the power divider is connected with a first group of digital-to-analog converters and then is connected to a first input port of the digital signal processor; the second path of output end of the power divider is connected with the input end of the directional coupler; the directional coupler is provided with two output ends, a first output end is connected with the probe through the multichannel acquisition port, a second output end is connected with a second group of digital-to-analog converters, and then the digital-to-analog converters are connected into a second input port of the digital signal processor;
the multichannel acquisition port is provided with at least 4 channels, and is provided with a photoelectric coupler and a relay switch, wherein the photoelectric coupler is used for electrically isolating the probe which is in direct contact with human tissues from an equipment circuit, and the relay switch is used for controlling the connection and disconnection of each channel of the multichannel acquisition port; the central processing unit is connected with the output display and the digital signal processor through data lines; the electromagnetic shield consists of a metal shell with good conductors, and the metal surface of the electromagnetic shield is coated with antirust paint to prevent oxidation; the electromagnetic shield is closed in space and grounded except for reserving the multichannel acquisition port and the power line socket;
the tissue real-time in-vivo identification device in the tumor resection generates electromagnetic signals in a radio frequency-microwave frequency band by the signal generator, the electromagnetic signals are divided into two paths by the power divider, and one path enters the digital signal processor through the digital-to-analog converter to form an incident reference signal; the other path enters the probe along the directional coupler and the multi-channel acquisition port, a reflected signal is generated at the interface of the probe and the tissue to be detected, the reflected signal returns to the directional coupler through the multi-channel acquisition port and is sent to the digital signal processor through the digital-to-analog converter by the second output end of the directional coupler to form a reflected signal; the digital signal processor calculates the ratio of the incident reference signal to the reflected signal to obtain a reflection coefficient, and records the corresponding measurement frequency; and the reflection coefficient data result is controlled by the central processing unit and is transmitted to the output display to be displayed in an array form.
Further, the output signal power of the signal generator is not more than 10 milliwatts, and the frequency range is 1 MHz-10 GHz.
Further, the probe is an open ended coaxial wire probe having a specific characteristic impedance, typically 50 ohms or 75 ohms.
Furthermore, the central processing unit is realized by adopting a singlechip or an FPGA.
Furthermore, the connecting wire of the multichannel acquisition port and the probe adopts a coaxial cable with an electromagnetic shielding function so as to reduce electromagnetic leakage.
Furthermore, a communication module is arranged on the body identification equipment in real time for the tissue in the tumor resection, and the communication module is controlled by the central processing unit and adopts a serial port or USB communication mode to realize the function of communication with a computer.
A method for real-time in-vivo tissue identification during tumor resection, which provides a result of real-time in-vivo tissue identification based on the data of the measured reflectance of the real-time in-vivo tissue identification device during tumor resection, the method comprising:
calculating probe characteristic parameters according to the standard substance, and determining three probe characteristic parameters;
according to the three probe characteristic parameters, respectively attaching or inserting the probes into a tissue to be detected to calculate tissue dielectric characteristics, and determining the tissue dielectric characteristics of the tissue to be detected;
and calculating the space distance between the measured value and the standard value according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, determining the minimum value of the space distance, and taking the tissue type represented by the minimum value of the space distance as the identification result of the tissue to be measured.
Further, according to the standard substance, the characteristic parameters of the probe are calculated, and three characteristic parameters of the probe are determined, specifically:
the probe is respectively clung to or inserted into three groups of standard substances with known dielectric properties for measurement to obtain three groups of reflection coefficients rho 1 ，ρ 2 ，ρ 3 The standard substance comprises deionized water, methanol, ethanol, sodium chloride solution with a certain concentration, vacuum and copper strips;
according to the three groups of reflection systems, the characteristic parameters of the probe are obtained by a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is thatWherein (1)> ε r1 ，ε r2 ，ε r3 The relative dielectric constants, sigma, for the three sets of standards, respectively 1 ，σ 2 ，σ 3 The conductivities of the three groups of standard substances are respectively, f is the measurement frequency epsilon 0 For the vacuum dielectric permittivity, j is the imaginary sign of the complex number.
Further, if the three sets of standards with known dielectric properties are vacuum, copper strip and deionized water, the first predetermined formula isWherein (1)>ρ o ，ρ s ，ρ w Respectively measuring the reflection coefficient epsilon of vacuum, copper strip and deionized water rw ，σ w The relative dielectric constant and the conductivity of deionized water respectively.
Further, according to the three probe characteristic parameters, the probe is respectively attached to or inserted into a tissue to be measured to calculate tissue dielectric characteristics, and the tissue dielectric characteristics of the tissue to be measured are determined, specifically:
the probe is respectively clung to or inserted into the tissue to be measured to measure, the reflection coefficient rho is obtained, and the dielectric property is calculated by a second preset formula, wherein the second preset formula is that Wherein Re and Im are calculated by taking the real part and the imaginary part respectively, epsilon r And sigma are the relative permittivity and conductivity, i.e. the dielectric properties, respectively, of the tissue to be measured.
Further, according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, calculating a spatial distance between a measured value and a standard value, determining a minimum spatial distance value, and taking the tissue type represented by the minimum spatial distance value as the identification result of the tissue to be measured, specifically:
according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, calculating the space distance between the measured value and the standard value by a third preset formula, wherein the third preset formula is as follows:wherein D is i For the spatial distance of the ith tissue measurement to standard,/->And->Is the standard value of the i-th organization, and the summation range f is the dielectric characteristics in all frequency sampling points;
comparing the sizes of the spatial distance values corresponding to various tissues, and determining the minimum value of the spatial distance
And taking the tissue type represented by the minimum space distance as the identification result of the tissue to be detected.
The real-time in-vivo tissue identification device for tumor resection and the matched identification method thereof can be used for transmitting and receiving reflection coefficient information acquired by radio frequency-microwave frequency band electromagnetic waves to the tissue to be detected through the real-time in-vivo tissue identification device for tumor resection, and the real-time in-vivo tissue identification can be realized by applying the identification method provided by the application. Based on the device and the method, tissue sampling is not needed to be made into slices, any probe or dye is not needed to be injected into the body, and the device and the method have the characteristics of being simple in operation, capable of in-vivo detection and providing identification results in real time.
In addition, the power supply device is provided with a leakage protection switch and a transformer, the leakage protection switch has a leakage protection function, and the transformer has a function of isolating commercial power from power supplied inside the equipment; the multichannel acquisition port is provided with a photoelectric coupler, so that the electrical isolation between a probe contacted with human tissues and the power supply inside the equipment is realized; the electromagnetic shielding device has an electromagnetic shielding function and eliminates electromagnetic interference of equipment to other medical equipment, so that the equipment provided by the application has good electrical safety performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device for tumor resection according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for real-time in-vivo tissue identification in a tumor resection according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device for tumor resection according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In recent years, researchers have proposed the idea of realizing the identification of tumor and normal tissue based on electromagnetic detection in the radio frequency-microwave frequency band, and the basic principle is as follows: the dielectric characteristics of human tissue are related to cell membranes and extramembranous substances in the tissue, different physiological and pathological states of the cells and the change of extracellular metabolism microenvironment all lead to the change of the dielectric characteristics, and the dielectric characteristics of normal tissues and tumor tissues show obvious differences, so that the dielectric characteristics of the tissues can be measured by an electromagnetic detection technology, and the normal tissues and the tumor tissues can be identified. Compared with the method based on optical detection and identification, the method based on electromagnetic detection and identification of the radio frequency-microwave frequency band adopts electromagnetic wave measurement of the radio frequency-microwave frequency band, has the wavelength far greater than that of light waves, has stronger penetrability in tissues, and can be used for identification of deeper tissues. In addition, the dielectric property is an inherent physical property of the substance, the difference of the dielectric properties is a natural contrast mechanism of the substance, and any fluorescent probe is not required to be injected into a body when detection is carried out, so that the biological safety is effectively ensured.
Because of the above advantages, a series of basic researches on electromagnetic detection technology of radio frequency-microwave frequency band have been carried out by a plurality of students in recent years, wherein the latest representative work is that in 2020, a research on measuring dielectric properties of normal mammary gland and tumor mammary gland of rats in vivo based on the electromagnetic detection technology of radio frequency-microwave frequency band has been published, and a research on measuring dielectric properties of normal thyroid gland and thyroid cancer tissue of human body in vitro based on the electromagnetic detection technology of radio frequency-microwave frequency band has been published in 2021. The basic research represented by the research lays a theoretical foundation for realizing feasibility of distinguishing tumor and normal tissue based on electromagnetic detection of radio frequency-microwave frequency band. Unfortunately, the current electromagnetic detection technology based on the radio frequency-microwave frequency band can only be used for in-vitro measurement and identification of human tissues or animals, and cannot be directly applied to clinic, so that in-vivo measurement and identification of human tissues are realized, and the main reason is that a special real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection and a matched identification method are lacking.
The measuring and detecting equipment used in the current basic research is an industrial-grade universal vector network analyzer, the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic signals is measured through the equipment, the dielectric characteristics of the tissue to be detected are calculated based on the reflection coefficient, and finally, after the literature value is compared by a user, whether the tissue to be detected is a tumor tissue is judged subjectively. The defects are specifically expressed as follows: 1) The electrical safety cannot be ensured. The industrial-grade general measuring equipment lacks electrical isolation and leakage protection measures, so that patients and medical staff are exposed to electric shock risks; in addition, the lack of electromagnetic shielding measures, electromagnetic leakage increases the risk of interfering with the performance of other medical devices in close proximity. 2) The measurement flux is small. The number of reflection ports of the industrial-grade general vector network analyzer is limited (generally 1), and at the moment, if a plurality of tissues need to be measured and identified, the tissues can only be measured sequentially one by one through the probe, so that the measurement time is prolonged. 3) The redundancy of the circuit architecture is large. The standard of the industrial-grade general vector network analyzer comprises a reflection module and a transmission module, however, in the electromagnetic detection and identification method based on the radio frequency-microwave frequency band, transmission coefficient information measured by the transmission module is not needed, so that the circuit architecture of the industrial-grade general equipment has larger redundancy in the application of the method, resource waste is caused, and the measurement cost is increased. 4) There is a lack of objective identification methods.
According to the analysis, the conventional identification method is to solve the dielectric characteristic result of the tissue to be tested based on the measured reflection coefficient, and the user needs to compare the dielectric characteristic value with the literature value and judge the tissue type according to the comparison result. However, since the dielectric characteristics are multi-frequency point data, the data information amount is large, the identification method by means of manual comparison is high in subjectivity, and the identification result is inaccurate, the current electromagnetic detection technology based on the radio frequency-microwave frequency band cannot be directly applied to clinic.
Based on the problems, the application provides a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection and a matched identification method thereof, which are used for realizing in-vivo accurate measurement and identification of human tissues.
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection according to an embodiment of the present application is provided. As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for real-time in-vivo identification of tissue in a tumor resection, the device comprising: the power supply device comprises a power supply device 1, a signal generator 2, a power distributor 3, a directional coupler 4, a multichannel acquisition port 5, digital-to-analog converters 61 and 62, a digital signal processor 7, a central processing unit 8, an output display 9, an electromagnetic shielding device 10 and probes 111, 112, 113 and 114.
The power supply device 1 provides power for the whole equipment, and the input end is provided with a 220V mains supply access port 12; the power supply device 1 is provided with a leakage protection switch, a transformer, and a rectifier. The leakage protection switch detects leakage current intensity, and when the current is overlarge, the power supply is automatically cut off instantaneously; the transformer realizes the electric isolation of the commercial power and the power supply inside the equipment, and reduces the voltage of the commercial power to a safe voltage range; the rectifier converts the alternating current into direct current; the output end of the power supply device 1 is divided into two paths, wherein the first path provides 24V direct current power for the signal generator 2, and the second path provides 12V direct current power for the digital signal processor 7, the central processing unit 8 and the output display 9.
The signal generator 2 is powered by a first path of output end of the power supply device 1, and the output end is connected with the input end of the power distributor 3; the output end of the power divider 3 is two paths, and the first path of output end of the power divider 3 is connected with the first group of digital-to-analog converters 61 and then is connected with the first input port of the digital signal processor 7; the second path of output end of the power divider 3 is connected with the input end of the directional coupler 4; the directional coupler 4 is provided with two output ends, a first output end of the directional coupler 4 is connected with the probes 111, 112, 113 and 114 through the multichannel acquisition port 5, a second output end of the directional coupler 4 is connected with the second group of digital-to-analog converters 62, and then is connected with a second input port of the digital signal processor 7; the multichannel acquisition port 5 is provided with 4 groups of channels, and is provided with a photoelectric coupler and a relay switch, wherein the photoelectric coupler electrically isolates a probe which is in direct contact with human tissues from an equipment circuit, and the relay switch controls the connection and disconnection of each channel of the multichannel acquisition port 5; the probes 111, 112, 113 and 114 are four groups of open-end coaxial probes with the same specification, and the characteristic impedance is 50 ohms; the connection between the probe and the multichannel acquisition port 5 adopts a coaxial cable, and the port is an N-type joint; the central processing unit 8 is realized by a singlechip and is connected with the output display 9 and the digital signal processor 7 through data lines; the electromagnetic shield 10 is composed of a metal shell with good conductors, and the metal surface is coated with antirust paint to prevent oxidation; except for the reserved multichannel acquisition port 5 and the mains access port 12, the electromagnetic shield 10 is closed in space and grounded.
The measurement signal is conducted along the circuit architecture, specifically: the signal generator 2 generates a radio frequency-microwave frequency band electromagnetic signal with the power of 10 milliwatts and the frequency range of 1 MHz-10 GHz, the electromagnetic signal is divided into two paths by the power distributor 3, and one path enters the digital signal processor 7 through the digital-to-analog converter 61 to form an incident reference signal; the other path enters the probes 111, 112, 113 and 114 along the directional coupler 4 and the multi-channel acquisition port 5, a reflected signal is generated at the interface of the probes and the tissue to be detected, the reflected signal returns to the directional coupler 4 through the multi-channel acquisition port 5, and the reflected signal is sent to the digital signal processor 7 through the digital-to-analog converter 62 from the second output end of the directional coupler 4, so that the reflected signal is formed. The digital signal processor 7 calculates the ratio of the incident reference signal to the reflected signal, obtains the reflection coefficient, and records the corresponding measurement frequency; the reflection coefficient data result is controlled by the CPU 8 and transmitted to the output display 9 to be displayed in an array form.
The embodiment of the application provides a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection, which transmits and receives reflection coefficient information obtained by radio frequency-microwave frequency band electromagnetic waves to a tissue to be detected, so that real-time in-vivo tissue identification in tumor resection can be realized. Based on the device disclosed by the embodiment of the application, tissue sampling is not needed to be made into slices, any probe or dye is not needed to be injected into the body, and the device has the characteristics of being simple in operation, capable of in-vivo detection and providing identification results in real time.
In addition, the power supply device is provided with a leakage protection switch and a transformer, wherein the leakage protection switch has a leakage protection function, and the transformer has a function of isolating commercial power from power supplied inside the equipment; the multichannel acquisition port is provided with a photoelectric coupler, so that the electrical isolation between a probe contacted with human tissues and the power supply inside the equipment is realized; the electromagnetic shielding device has an electromagnetic shielding function and eliminates electromagnetic interference of equipment to other medical equipment, so that the equipment provided by the embodiment of the application has good electrical safety performance.
On the basis of the embodiment of the real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection disclosed above, as shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the application also discloses an identification method matched with the real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in tumor resection, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s201: and calculating probe characteristic parameters according to the standard substance, and determining three probe characteristic parameters.
In this step, the above-mentioned calculation probe characteristic parameter according to the standard substance, confirm three probe characteristic parameters, include specifically:
will respectivelyThe probe is closely attached to or inserted into three groups of standard substances with known dielectric properties for measurement to obtain three groups of reflection coefficients rho 1 ，ρ 2 ，ρ 3 The standard substance comprises deionized water, methanol, ethanol, sodium chloride solution with a certain concentration, vacuum and copper strips;
according to the three groups of reflection systems, the characteristic parameters of the probe are obtained by a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is thatWherein (1)> ε r1 ，ε r2 ，ε r3 The relative dielectric constants, sigma, for the three sets of standards, respectively 1 ，σ 2 ，σ 3 The conductivities of the three groups of standard substances are respectively, f is the measurement frequency epsilon 0 For the vacuum dielectric permittivity, j is the imaginary sign of the complex number.
In this embodiment, the inverse matrix of the leftmost matrix is multiplied simultaneously on both sides of the equal sign of the first preset formula, so as to obtain three characteristic parameters λ of the probe 1 ，λ 2 ，λ 3 。
It should be noted that if the three sets of standards with known dielectric properties are vacuum, copper strip and deionized water, the first preset formula isWherein (1)>ρ o ，ρ s ，ρ w Respectively measuring the reflection coefficient epsilon of vacuum, copper strip and deionized water rw ，σ w The relative dielectric constant and the conductivity of deionized water respectively.
S202: and respectively attaching or inserting the probes into the tissue to be measured according to the three probe characteristic parameters to calculate the tissue dielectric characteristics and determining the tissue dielectric characteristics of the tissue to be measured.
In this step, according to the three probe characteristic parameters, the probe is respectively attached to or inserted into a tissue to be measured to perform tissue dielectric property calculation, and the method for determining the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured specifically includes: the probe is respectively clung to or inserted into the tissue to be measured to measure, the reflection coefficient rho is obtained, and the dielectric property is calculated by a second preset formula, wherein the second preset formula is that Wherein Re and Im are calculated by taking the real part and the imaginary part respectively, epsilon r And sigma are the relative permittivity and conductivity, i.e. the dielectric properties, respectively, of the tissue to be measured.
S203: and calculating the space distance between the measured value and the standard value according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, determining the minimum value of the space distance, and taking the tissue type represented by the minimum value of the space distance as the identification result of the tissue to be measured.
In this step, according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, a spatial distance between a measured value and a standard value is calculated, a spatial distance minimum value is determined, and a tissue type represented by the spatial distance minimum value is used as a discrimination result of the tissue to be measured, which specifically includes: according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, calculating the space distance between the measured value and the standard value by a third preset formula, wherein the third preset formula is as follows:wherein D is i For the spatial distance of the ith tissue measurement to standard,/->And->Is the standard value of the i-th organization, and the summation range f is the dielectric characteristics in all frequency sampling points; comparing the size of the spatial distance values corresponding to various tissues, and determining the minimum spatial distance value +.>And taking the tissue type represented by the minimum space distance as the identification result of the tissue to be detected.
The method for identifying the tissue in the tumor resection in real time in vivo is characterized by being simple in operation, capable of in vivo detection and providing identification results in real time by transmitting and receiving reflection coefficient information acquired by radio frequency-microwave frequency band electromagnetic waves to the tissue to be detected and then applying the identification method.
In summary, the power supply device of the embodiment of the present application is provided with the leakage protection switch and the transformer, where the leakage protection switch has a leakage protection function, and the transformer has a function of isolating the commercial power from the power supplied inside the device; the multichannel acquisition port is provided with a photoelectric coupler, so that the electrical isolation between a probe contacted with human tissues and the power supply inside the equipment is realized; the electromagnetic shielding device has an electromagnetic shielding function and eliminates electromagnetic interference of the device to other medical devices, so that the device provided by the embodiment of the application has good electrical safety performance.
In addition, the multichannel acquisition port provided with the photoelectric coupler provides 4 groups of data acquisition ports, and can be connected with multiple groups of probes for measurement, so that the detection efficiency is improved, and the measurement flux is increased.
It should be further noted that, the apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application only includes a measurement circuit of the reflection coefficient required in the tissue identification method, and no transmission module circuit is provided, so that the apparatus circuit architecture is simple, and the measurement cost is reduced.
The authentication method provided by the embodiment of the application realizes the function of directly obtaining the tissue authentication result through a scientific and effective algorithm, does not need to manually and subjectively judge tissue classification, enhances the technical practicality and improves the scientificity and objectivity of the authentication process.
Based on the above embodiment, the present application further provides a specific implementation manner of the tissue real-time in-vivo identification device in tumor resection, as shown in fig. 3, which is additionally provided with a communication module 13 on the basis of including all the features in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and has a function of communicating with a computer 14. As shown in fig. 3, the device provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a communication module 13, which is controlled by the central processing unit 8, and the communication module 13 is connected to the computer 14 by adopting a USB protocol interface. Other devices in the apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application are the same as those set up in fig. 1.
Specifically, when the tissue authentication measurement is performed, the reflection coefficient data result is transmitted to the computer 14 through the communication module 13, the data processing is performed in the computer 14, and the authentication method is unchanged. The authentication result may be displayed and stored in the computer 14; the results may also be uploaded to a hospital information system based on the computer 14 connecting to a network; the paper report may also be formed by printing by the computer 14 in connection with a printer device.
It should be noted that, in addition to all the features of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present application has the features of strong data processing performance and flexible and various release forms of the authentication result.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises an element.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. which are within the spirit and principles of the present application are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. A device for real-time in-vivo identification of tissue during a tumor resection, comprising: the device comprises a power supply device, a signal generator, a power distributor, a directional coupler, a digital-to-analog converter, a digital signal processor, a multi-channel acquisition port, a probe, a central processing unit, an output display and an electromagnetic shielding device; wherein:
the input end of the power supply device is connected with 220V mains supply to supply power for the whole equipment; the power supply device is internally provided with a leakage protection switch, a transformer and a rectifier; the leakage protection switch detects leakage current intensity, and when the current is overlarge, the power supply is automatically cut off instantaneously; the transformer realizes the electrical isolation of the commercial power and the power supply inside the equipment, and reduces the voltage of the commercial power to a safe voltage range; the rectifier converts alternating current into direct current; the output end of the power supply device is divided into two paths, wherein the first path provides 24-volt direct current power for the signal generator, and the second path provides 12-volt direct current power for the digital signal processor, the central processing unit and the output display;
the signal generator is provided with a 24-volt direct current power supply by a first output end of the power supply device, and the output end of the signal generator is connected with the input end of the power distributor; the output end of the power divider is two paths, and the first path of output end of the power divider is connected with a first group of digital-to-analog converters and then is connected to a first input port of the digital signal processor; the second path of output end of the power divider is connected with the input end of the directional coupler; the directional coupler is provided with two output ends, a first output end is connected with the probe through the multichannel acquisition port, a second output end is connected with a second group of digital-to-analog converters, and then the digital-to-analog converters are connected into a second input port of the digital signal processor;
the multichannel acquisition port is provided with at least 4 channels, and is provided with a photoelectric coupler and a relay switch, wherein the photoelectric coupler is used for electrically isolating the probe which is in direct contact with human tissues from an equipment circuit, and the relay switch is used for controlling the connection and disconnection of each channel of the multichannel acquisition port; the central processing unit is connected with the output display and the digital signal processor through data lines; the electromagnetic shield consists of a metal shell with good conductors, and the metal surface of the electromagnetic shield is coated with antirust paint to prevent oxidation; the electromagnetic shield is closed in space and grounded except for reserving the multichannel acquisition port and the power line socket;
the tissue real-time in-vivo identification device in the tumor resection generates electromagnetic signals in a radio frequency-microwave frequency band by the signal generator, the electromagnetic signals are divided into two paths by the power divider, and one path enters the digital signal processor through the digital-to-analog converter to form an incident reference signal; the other path enters the probe along the directional coupler and the multi-channel acquisition port, a reflected signal is generated at the interface of the probe and the tissue to be detected, the reflected signal returns to the directional coupler through the multi-channel acquisition port and is sent to the digital signal processor through the digital-to-analog converter by the second output end of the directional coupler to form a reflected signal; the digital signal processor calculates the ratio of the incident reference signal to the reflected signal to obtain a reflection coefficient, and records the corresponding measurement frequency; and the reflection coefficient data result is controlled by the central processing unit and is transmitted to the output display to be displayed in an array form.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signal generator outputs a signal having a power of no more than 10 milliwatts and a frequency in the range of 1MHz to 10GHz.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the probe is an open-ended coaxial wire probe having a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms or 75 ohms.
4. The apparatus for real-time in-vivo tissue identification in oncolysis according to claim 1 wherein the central processor is implemented by a single chip or FPGA.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connection line between the multi-channel collection port and the probe is a coaxial cable with electromagnetic shielding function to reduce electromagnetic leakage.
6. The device for real-time in-vivo tissue identification in tumor resection according to claim 1, wherein a communication module is arranged on the device for real-time in-vivo tissue identification in tumor resection, and the communication module is controlled by the central processing unit and adopts a serial port or USB communication mode to realize the function of communication with a computer.
7. A method of real-time in-vivo tissue identification in a oncology resection, the method comprising providing a result of real-time in-vivo tissue identification based on data of measured reflectance of a real-time in-vivo tissue identification device in a oncology resection according to any one of claims 1-6, the method comprising:
calculating probe characteristic parameters according to the standard substance, and determining three probe characteristic parameters;
according to the three probe characteristic parameters, respectively attaching or inserting the probes into a tissue to be detected to calculate tissue dielectric characteristics, and determining the tissue dielectric characteristics of the tissue to be detected;
and calculating the space distance between the measured value and the standard value according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, determining the minimum value of the space distance, and taking the tissue type represented by the minimum value of the space distance as the identification result of the tissue to be measured.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the probe characteristic parameters are calculated from the standard, and three probe characteristic parameters are determined, in particular:
the probe is respectively clung to or inserted into three groups of standard substances with known dielectric properties for measurement to obtain three groups of reflection coefficients rho 1 ，ρ 2 ，ρ 3 The standard substance comprises deionized water, methanol, ethanol, sodium chloride solution with a certain concentration, vacuum and copper strips;
according to the three groups of reflection coefficients, the characteristic parameters of the probe are obtained by a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is thatWherein (1)> ε r1 ，ε r2 ，ε r3 The relative dielectric constants, sigma, for the three sets of standards, respectively 1 ，σ 2 ，σ 3 The conductivities of the three groups of standard substances are respectively, f is the measurement frequency epsilon 0 For the vacuum dielectric permittivity, j is the imaginary sign of the complex number.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein if the three sets of standards of known dielectric properties are vacuum, copper tape and deionized water, the first predetermined formula isWherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,ρ o ，ρ s ，ρ w respectively measuring the reflection coefficient epsilon of vacuum, copper strip and deionized water rw ，σ w The relative dielectric constant and the conductivity of deionized water respectively.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the tissue dielectric properties of the tissue to be measured are determined by performing tissue dielectric property calculation by respectively attaching or inserting the probe to the tissue to be measured according to the three probe characteristic parameters, specifically:
the probe is respectively clung to or inserted into the tissue to be measured to measure, the reflection coefficient rho is obtained, and the dielectric property is calculated by a second preset formula, wherein the second preset formula is thatWherein Re and Im are calculated by taking the real part and the imaginary part respectively, epsilon r And sigma are the relative permittivity and conductivity, i.e. the dielectric properties, respectively, of the tissue to be measured.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the calculating a spatial distance between a measured value and a standard value according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, determining a minimum spatial distance value, and using the tissue type represented by the minimum spatial distance value as the identification result of the tissue to be measured comprises:
according to the result of the tissue dielectric property of the tissue to be measured, calculating the space distance between the measured value and the standard value by a third preset formula, wherein the third preset formula is as follows:wherein D is i For the spatial distance of the ith tissue measurement to standard,/->And->Is the standard value of the i-th organization, and the summation range f is the dielectric characteristics in all frequency sampling points;
comparing the sizes of the spatial distance values corresponding to various tissues, and determining the minimum value D of the spatial distance min ＝min i {D i }；
And taking the tissue type represented by the minimum space distance as the identification result of the tissue to be detected.
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