CN113892355A - 一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113892355A
CN113892355A CN202111091168.4A CN202111091168A CN113892355A CN 113892355 A CN113892355 A CN 113892355A CN 202111091168 A CN202111091168 A CN 202111091168A CN 113892355 A CN113892355 A CN 113892355A
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胡发广
易怀锋
毕晓菲
付兴飞
罗心平
李亚男
杨旸
张晓芳
李贵平
武瑞瑞
娄予强
杨阳
黄家雄
吕玉兰
程金焕
何红艳
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INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL CASH CROP YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法，所述辅助剂的组成成分包括：异戊烯基腺嘌呤0.1～0.3％(w/v)、咪鲜胺0.1～0.2％(w/v)、硝酸钾0.1～1％(w/v)、卡波姆4～6％(w/v)、聚乙烯醇4～6％(w/v)、魔芋胶4～6％(w/v)、萘乙酸0.1～0.4％(w/v)、吲哚乙酸0.1～0.4％(w/v)、使君子和艾叶提取液7～10％(w/v)，其余为纯净水。本发明可直接涂抹在咖啡组织伤口处，可促进伤口愈合，防治病菌感染；也可在咖啡嫁接时，将接穗与砧木贴合，然后在贴合处缝隙中涂抹辅助剂，再用覆膜包扎即可，可提高咖啡苗嫁接成活率。

Description

一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农业种植技术领域，特别涉及一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂 及其制备方法。
背景技术
咖啡作为世界三大饮料之一，其与可可、茶同为流行于世界的主 要饮品。咖啡树是属茜草科多年生常绿灌木或小乔木，原产于非洲埃 塞俄比亚西南部的高原地区。自1898年引进中国海南文昌迈号镇种 植以来，经过了一百多年，我国咖啡产业进入高速发展时期。但是咖 啡繁殖过程中存在品种更新换代难和育种周期较长等问题，生产中通 常需要采用嫁接来达到更新品种和加快繁育速度等，嫁接过程中对砧 木和接穗的切面平整度、光照、降雨量及包扎方法等要求较高，任何 条件不符合均会影响嫁接的成活率，常用的改善内膜环境嫁接方法、 嫁接愈合剂在咖啡上效果并不理想，成活率没有得到显著提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法，可直 接涂抹在咖啡组织伤口处，可促进伤口愈合，防治病菌感染；也可在 咖啡嫁接时，将接穗与砧木贴合，然后在贴合处缝隙中涂抹辅助剂， 再用覆膜包扎即可，可提高咖啡苗嫁接成活率。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法，所述辅助剂的组成成分包 括：异戊烯基腺嘌呤0.1～0.3％(w/v)、咪鲜胺0.1～0.2％(w/v)、 硝酸钾0.1～1％(w/v)、卡波姆4～6％(w/v)、聚乙烯醇4～6％(w/v)、 魔芋胶4～6％(w/v)、萘乙酸0.1～0.4％(w/v)、吲哚乙酸0.1～ 0.4％(w/v)、使君子和艾叶提取液7～10％(w/v)，其余为纯净水。
本发明的进一步优选：所述辅助剂的组成成分包括：异戊烯基腺 嘌呤0.2％(w/v)、咪鲜胺0.15％(w/v)、硝酸钾0.5％(w/v)、卡 波姆5％(w/v)、聚乙烯醇5％(w/v)、魔芋胶5％(w/v)、萘乙酸 0.25％(w/v)、吲哚乙酸0.25％(w/v)、使君子和艾叶提取液8.5％ (w/v)，其余为纯净水。
本发明还提供一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂的制备方法：
步骤一、将所述萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚乙酸、硝酸钾、异戊烯基 腺嘌呤、咪鲜胺混合后用所述纯净水溶解搅拌备用；
步骤二、将所述聚乙烯醇、卡波姆和魔芋胶混合加入所述纯净水 搅拌至糊状备用；
步骤三、所述使君子和艾叶用水煎煮，冷却、滤渣后，制得所述 使君子和艾叶提取液，加入所述萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、硝酸钾的混合液 充分搅拌，再加入所述聚乙烯醇、卡波姆、魔芋胶的混合胶状物搅拌， 根据粘稠状加入适量纯净水，搅拌均匀至无颗粒团状物即得所述辅助 剂。
本发明的进一步优选：步骤三中的所述使君子10％、艾叶15％用 水煎煮，煎煮时水为其4～5倍，沸腾后煎煮50分钟以上，期间保持 水量。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
其一、本发明可直接涂抹在咖啡组织伤口处，可促进伤口愈合， 防治病菌感染；也可在咖啡嫁接时，将接穗与砧木贴合，然后在贴合 处缝隙中涂抹辅助剂，再用覆膜包扎即可，可提高咖啡苗嫁接成活率。
其二、本发明中的使君子、艾叶提取液及咪鲜胺具有杀菌功能， 可使辅助剂具有杀菌，抑制有效病菌侵染；萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、异戊 烯基腺嘌呤为通用植物生长调节剂，能有效促进细胞生长和组织愈 合；硝酸钾为植物营养元素，提供营养保障；卡波姆、魔芋胶为增稠 剂，聚乙烯醇为成膜剂，可形成保护膜，能有效促进嫁接伤口的愈合。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一：
一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法，辅助剂的组成成分包括： 异戊烯基腺嘌呤0.1％(w/v)、咪鲜胺0.1％(w/v)、硝酸钾0.1％(w/v)、 卡波姆4％(w/v)、聚乙烯醇4％(w/v)、魔芋胶4％(w/v)、萘乙 酸0.1％(w/v)、吲哚乙酸0.1％(w/v)、使君子和艾叶提取液7％(w/v)， 其余为纯净水。
制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、硝酸钾、异戊烯基腺嘌呤、咪鲜 胺混合后用纯净水溶解搅拌备用；
步骤二、将聚乙烯醇、卡波姆和魔芋胶混合加入纯净水搅拌至糊 状备用；
步骤三、使君子10％、艾叶15％用水煎煮，煎煮时水为其4～5倍 沸腾后煎煮50分钟以上，期间保持水量，冷却、滤渣后，制得使君 子和艾叶提取液，加入萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、硝酸钾的混合液充分搅拌， 再加入聚乙烯醇、卡波姆、魔芋胶的混合胶状物搅拌，根据粘稠状加 入适量纯净水，搅拌均匀至无颗粒团状物即得辅助剂。
实施例二：
本实施例与实施例一相同的特征不再赘述，本实施例与实施例一 不同的特征在于：
一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法，所述辅助剂的组成成分包 括：异戊烯基腺嘌呤0.2％(w/v)、咪鲜胺0.15％(w/v)、硝酸钾 0.5％(w/v)、卡波姆5％(w/v)、聚乙烯醇5％(w/v)、魔芋胶5％ (w/v)、萘乙酸0.25％(w/v)、吲哚乙酸0.25％(w/v)、使君子和 艾叶提取液8.5％(w/v)，其余为纯净水。
实施例三：
本实施例与实施例一相同的特征不再赘述，本实施例与实施例一 不同的特征在于：
一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法，辅助剂的组成成分包括： 异戊烯基腺嘌呤0.3％(w/v)、咪鲜胺0.2％(w/v)、硝酸钾1％(w/v)、 卡波姆6％(w/v)、聚乙烯醇6％(w/v)、魔芋胶6％(w/v)、萘乙 酸0.4％(w/v)、吲哚乙酸0.4％(w/v)、使君子和艾叶提取液10％(w/v)，其余为纯净水。
实验设计及结果
2020年3月11-16日，开展咖啡嫁接切口辅助剂田间实践试验。 项目共开展两组嫁接试验，两组试验的砧木/接穗分别使用 Cat imor/S288和Cat imor/typ i ca两个组合。每组试验四个处理，每 个处理三次重复，每个重复嫁接30株。处理1为常规嫁接(CK)， 处理2在嫁接时使用实施例一中的辅助剂，处理3在嫁接时使用实施 例二中的辅助剂，处理4在嫁接时使用实施例三中的辅助剂，2021 年3月18-22日开展药剂重复试验，统计成活率，统计结果如下表：
Figure BDA0003267519930000051
结果表明，在嫁接部位涂抹本发明辅助剂比起常规嫁接处理，明 显提高了嫁接苗的成活率(提高10％的成活率)。本辅助剂能实现 接穗和砧木粘合点之外的区域填充，保证嫁接切口、接穗和砧木保水， 防病虫和加速嫁接伤口愈合，实现提高嫁接成活率。
应用前景分析：云南咖啡种植面积为138.8万亩，其中超过98％ 的品种是卡蒂姆(Cat imor)，卡蒂姆(Cat imor)咖啡豆因为含有25％中粒种(Robusta)基因，尾段总会带有“魔鬼的尾韵”，大能成 为速溶咖啡原材料和拼配用豆，品种更新成为云南咖啡精品化之路的 必然选择。根据目前市场行情，如果重新种植实现品种更新，3-4年 才能实现挂果，前期成本投入资金平均0.95万元/亩。而老园切杆嫁 接换种则只需要少量投入，嫁接管护前期成本投入只需要0.45万元/ 亩，且第二年就可实现挂果。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限 制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做 出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到 专利法的保护。

Claims (4)

1.一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述辅助剂的组成成分包括：异戊烯基腺嘌呤0.1～0.3％(w/v)、咪鲜胺0.1～0.2％(w/v)、硝酸钾0.1～1％(w/v)、卡波姆4～6％(w/v)、聚乙烯醇4～6％(w/v)、魔芋胶4～6％(w/v)、萘乙酸0.1～0.4％(w/v)、吲哚乙酸0.1～0.4％(w/v)、使君子和艾叶提取液7～10％(w/v)，其余为纯净水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述辅助剂的组成成分包括：异戊烯基腺嘌呤0.2％(w/v)、咪鲜胺0.15％(w/v)、硝酸钾0.5％(w/v)、卡波姆5％(w/v)、聚乙烯醇5％(w/v)、魔芋胶5％(w/v)、萘乙酸0.25％(w/v)、吲哚乙酸0.25％(w/v)、使君子和艾叶提取液8.5％(w/v)，其余为纯净水。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤一、将所述萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚乙酸、硝酸钾、异戊烯基腺嘌呤、咪鲜胺混合后用所述纯净水溶解搅拌备用；
步骤二、将所述聚乙烯醇、卡波姆和魔芋胶混合加入所述纯净水搅拌至糊状备用；
步骤三、所述使君子和艾叶用水煎煮，冷却、滤渣后，制得所述使君子和艾叶提取液，加入所述萘乙酸、吲哚乙酸、硝酸钾的混合液充分搅拌，再加入所述聚乙烯醇、卡波姆、魔芋胶的混合胶状物搅拌，根据粘稠状加入适量纯净水，搅拌均匀至无颗粒团状物即得所述辅助剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种咖啡嫁接用辅助剂及其制备方法的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤三中的所述使君子10％、艾叶15％用水煎煮，煎煮时水为其4～5倍，沸腾后煎煮50分钟以上，期间保持水量。
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WO2016067291A1 (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-05-06 Hishtil Ltd Methods for providing height enhanced grafted plants and products thereof
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