CN113890082A - Method for measuring small signal stability of electric vehicle direct current charging network - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring small signal stability of a direct current charging network of an electric automobile, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: establishing a linear model of a direct current network consisting of M EVCSs (electric vehicle charging stations) and connected to a main alternating current power grid; step two: on the premise of assuming that the dynamic models of M EVCSs are the same, deriving an equivalent model of a direct current network consisting of M subsystems; step three: various factors influencing the stability of the direct current network are researched, and a beneficial conclusion is obtained; the invention provides a modal analysis method with simple calculation and reduced order, which is used for evaluating the small signal stability of a direct current network in EVCS (evolution-virtual Circuit) connection planning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric automobiles, in particular to a method for measuring small signal stability of a direct current charging network of an electric automobile.
Background
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are an important component of future smart grids. In recent years, the rapid development of electric vehicle technology has brought forward high expectations for the careful and reasonable planning of electric vehicle charging facilities in China and society before the realization of large-scale deployment of electric vehicles. Electric vehicle charging station layout planning has been an important research topic and has attracted the widespread interest of many researchers. To date, this study has focused on three major areas. The first aspect is cost reduction, since electric vehicles are a considerable new load burden on the power supply network. The second aspect is the effect of electric vehicle charging on the stability of the supply network. To avoid regret costs and negative impacts, it is essential to explore the problem during the planning phase. A third aspect is the proposal of some advanced control strategies to improve the stability of the dc network.
With the large-scale deployment of electric vehicles in future smart grids, it is very promising to establish a local direct current network specially used for charging electric vehicles. The dc network may consist of hundreds or more of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) and is connected to the main ac grid supply. To date, in studying stability issues related to electric vehicle planning, the electric vehicle charging process is modeled as an aggregated electric vehicle load at the point of common coupling with the ac power grid (PCC). The influence of electric vehicle load on the stability of an alternating current power grid has been studied. For example, researchers have studied the effect of large-scale electric vehicle charging on the transient stability of the north ireland power system. Two typical electric vehicle connection models are compared, indicating that EV loads may pose a potential risk of instability to the ac power system. In addition, a scholars provides an index for evaluating the influence of large-scale connection of the electric automobile on the instantaneous voltage stability of the alternating current power system, and the proposed index is comprehensively evaluated through calculating and simulating example cases.
Technical scheme of prior art I
To simplify the analysis, electric vehicles are generally investigated as constant power loads. Some researchers have studied the influence of transmission lines on the stability of the dc network. Based on the eigenvalue shift graph, it was found that an increase in cable length and output power would reduce the stability of the dc network. Taking the electric vehicle of each charging station as a constant power load connected via a converter, it can also be concluded that the stability of the dc network depends on the number of converters connected in parallel and the grid impedance. Researchers have disclosed mechanisms how the number of dc/dc converters and cable lengths affect the stability of the dc network. In addition, impedance analysis methods have been used to demonstrate that constant power loads have negative incremental resistance, which may reduce the stability margin of the dc network.
Disadvantages of the first prior art
Even if each converter is well designed based on independent operation with sufficient stability, the stability of the entire cascade system may be lost. The impedance analysis method is limited to analyzing a cascade system and cannot be applied to any type of direct current network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simple-calculation and reduced-order modal analysis method for evaluating the small-signal stability of a direct current network in EVCS (evolution-virtualization-Circuit) connection planning, and on the basis, important factors influencing the stability of the direct current network, such as the total number of EVCSs, the line length of the direct current network connected with a main alternating current substation, the structure of the direct current network and the like, are analyzed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for measuring small signal stability of an electric vehicle direct current charging network comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a linear model of a direct current network consisting of M EVCSs (electric vehicle charging stations) and connected to a main alternating current power grid;
step two: on the premise of assuming that the dynamic models of M EVCSs are the same, deriving an equivalent model of a direct current network consisting of M subsystems;
step three: various factors influencing the stability of the direct current network are researched, and a beneficial conclusion is drawn.
The linear network model of the first step is as follows:
ΔV=RΔI
wherein R is the resistance matrix of the DC network
ΔV=[ΔVdc1 ΔVdc2 L ΔVdcm]T,ΔI=[Δidc1 Δidc2 L Δidcm]T
VdckAnd idckRepresenting the terminal voltage and current injection, respectively, for the kth EVCS.
Preferably, the equivalent model of the dc network formed by the M subsystems in step two is:
PAP-1=diag[Ac+ρibc Tcc]
the state matrix for each M subsystem is Ac+ρibc Tcc
λk(i) Expressed as a state matrix (a) — ξ (i) ± j ω (i)c+ρibc Tcc)∈R2×2I is the conjugate of 1, 2, … M, λk(i) The resonance frequency of the direct current network oscillation mode is equal to-xi (i) ± j ω (i), and satisfies the condition that
-ξ(i)+jω(i)-ξ(i)-jω(i)=-2ξ(i)=Trace(Ac+ρibc Tcc)
=Trace(Ac)+Trace(ρibc Tcc)=-2ξc+Trace(ρibc Tcc)
Where Trace (W) refers to the trace of matrix W.
Preferably, the specific steps of step three are:
s31: when in useTime, slave state matrixThe oscillation mode of the dc network with the worst damping can be calculated, which means that only calculations are required for evaluating the stability of the dc networkRather than computing all state matricesThe modal calculation burden of the direct current network stability evaluation is further reduced;
s32: when in useThe oscillation mode ratio lambda of the DC networkk(i) Better damping of ═ ξ (i) ± j ω (i), so the dc network is stable and does not require calculationThe characteristic value of (2).
Preferably, the electric vehicle charging station, i.e. EVCS, includes a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor, a dc/dc converter, a diode, a dc load; the resistor comprises a resistor R and a resistor RLSaid capacitor comprises a capacitor CFAnd a capacitor CLThe resistor R is connected with an inductor L, and the inductor L is connected with an inductor L in the direct current/direct current converterFAn inductance L in the DC/DC converterFRespectively connected with capacitors CFAnd a DC/DC converter connected with the diode and the internal inductor L of the DC/DC converter respectivelyLAn internal inductance L of the DC/DC converterLConnecting resistors RL respectively connected with capacitors CLAnd a dc load.
Preferably, the model of EVCS is:
Δidc=ckΔXk
wherein
ΔXk=[ΔvF Δidc ΔvL ΔiL Δxr ΔxI]T
bk=[0 1/(L+LF) 0 0 0 0]T
ck=[0 1 0 0 0 0]
Wherein v isdcAnd idcVoltage and current injection at dc node a, respectively: r and L are line resistance and inductance: l isFAnd CFInductance and capacitance of the output filter of the dc/dc converter: vFAnd iFRespectively is through CFVoltage of and from CFSide injection current to dc/dc converter: rLAnd LLResistance and inductance of the line connecting the dc/dc converter and the dc load: cLVoltage regulating capacitance of dc load: vLIs through CLVoltage of (c): i.e. iLAnd pLRespectively load current and active power.
Preferably, a dc network with M electric vehicle charging stations is configured, including electric vehicle charging stations, the M electric vehicle charging stations being arranged in a radial string of the dc network.
The method for measuring the small signal stability of the direct current charging network of the electric automobile has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a modal analysis method with simple calculation and reduced order, which is used for evaluating the stability of a direct current charging network of an electric automobile.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an EVCS model diagram.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a dc network configured with M EVCSs.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
A method for measuring small signal stability of a direct current charging network of an electric vehicle includes the steps of firstly, establishing a linear model of a direct current network which is composed of M EVCSs and connected to a main alternating current power grid.
Secondly, on the premise of assuming that the dynamic models of the M EVCSs are the same, an equivalent model of a direct current network consisting of M subsystems is deduced.
On the basis of the equivalent model, a direct current network stability modal analysis method which is simple in calculation and reduced in order is provided.
Thirdly, various factors influencing the stability of the direct current network are researched, and a beneficial conclusion is drawn.
Fig. 1 shows a common model of EVCS. In FIG. 1, VdcAnd idcVoltage and current injection at dc node a, respectively: r and L are line resistance and inductance: l isFAnd CFInductance and capacitance of the output filter of the dc/dc converter: vFAnd iFRespectively is through CFVoltage of and from CFSide injection current to dc/dc converter: rLAnd LLResistance and inductance of the line connecting the dc/dc converter and the dc load: cLVoltage regulating capacitance of dc load: vLIs through CLVoltage of (c): i.e. iLAnd PLRespectively load current and active power.
In FIG. 1, the transfer functions of the outer loop voltage and inner loop current PI controllers of the DC/DC converter areAnd is vLControl reference of (a): dL(ii) a Is the transformation ratio of the dc/dc converter.
From FIG. 1, the circuit voltage and current equations can be derived as follows
The control system of the DC/DC converter is described by the following equation
Linearizing (1) and (2) the state space model of the available EVCS
Δidc=ckΔXk (3)
Wherein
Δxk=[ΔvF Δidc ΔvL ΔiL Δxr ΔxI]T
bk=[0 1/(L+LF) 0 0 0 0]T
ck=[0 1 0 0 0 0]
The subscript 0 indicates the steady state value of the variable.
The dynamic characteristics of the DC/DC converter are ignored, and a simplified model of the EVCS is obtained.
This is the assumption that the converter control has perfect performance.
The simplified model is a second-order system, and the dominant conjugate complex pole of the system is determined by an output filter. Thus, in the state space representation of the simplified model,
ΔXk=[ΔvF Δidc]T
alternatively, if the dominant conjugate negative point of the EVCS is determined by the converter control system, the dynamics of the rest of the EVCS may be ignored. Thereby obtaining a simplified second-order state space model
Δxk=[Δvdc ΔxV]T
bk=[1 0]T,ck=[-KVpdL0 1] (5)
FIG. 2 shows a plan for charging an electric vehicleConfiguration of the streaming network. There are M EVCS arranged in radial strings in the dc network. v. ofdckAnd idckRepresenting the terminal voltage and current injection, respectively, for the kth EVCS. The following linear network voltage equation can be established.
ΔV=RΔI (6)
Wherein R is the resistance matrix of the DC network
ΔV=[ΔVdc1 ΔVdc2 L ΔVdcm]T,ΔI=[Δidc1 Δidc2 L Δidcm]T
Since the EVCS is in radial connection, the resistance matrix R is formed according to the following rule:
(1) of diagonal elements in R is RkkAnd k is 1, 2, L M. . It is the total resistance of the line connecting the kth EVCS to the main DC bus D
(2) R of an off-diagonal element is RkjK, j ═ 1, 2, L M. It is the total resistance of the line common connecting the kth and jth EVCS with the main dc bus D.
Obtaining the state equation of the kth EVCS from (3) and (6)
Thus, the state equation of the DC network is obtained
Wherein: Δ X ═ Δ X1 T ΔX2 T L ΔXM T]T;A=[Akj];[Akj]A block matrix is referred to. The block element matrix A of the k row and j columnkjIs a
Akk=Ak+Rkkbk Tck,k=1,2,L M
Akj=Rkjbk Tcj,j≠k,k,j=1,2,L M (9)
Equation (8) is referred to as the full-order model of the dc network designed for EVCS.
During the planning phase, typical parameters and operating conditions are typically employed by all EVCSs. It can therefore be assumed that the dynamic model of EVCS is the same, i.e. in (3),
Ak=Ac∈RN×N,bk T=bc T∈RN×1,ck=cc∈R1×N,
k=1,2,L M (10)
subsequently, the full-order state matrix of the DC network becomes
Wherein: a is an element of RMN×MN,bc Tcc∈RN×NI I is an N identity matrix:
diag[Ac]and diag [ b ]c Tcc]Refers to a diagonal block matrix.
ρiAnd i is 1, 2 and K M is expressed as an R matrix eigenvalue.
There is such a matrix Pc
PcRPc -1=diag(ρi) (12)
Wherein R ∈ RM×M,Pc∈RM×M,Pc -1∈RM×M,diag(ρi)∈RM×M:diag(ρi) Refers to a diagonal matrix.
In the formula
It satisfies
Defining a similarity transformation matrix as follows
Wherein P ∈ RMN×MN,P-1∈RMN×MNWherein, the step of mixing the raw materials,
PAP-1=diag[Ac+ρibc Tcc] (16)
equation (16) represents that the dynamics of the dc network is equivalent to the dynamics of the M decomposition subsystems.
The state matrix for each M subsystem is Ac+ρibc Tcc. Therefore, a computationally simple, reduced order modal analysis method may be proposed for assessing the stability of the dc network, as follows.
Using typical parameters and operating conditions of the EVCS, a state space model of a single EVCS (1) is built.
And (5) establishing a resistance matrix R of the direct current network, as shown in (6).
Calculating R ∈ RM×MCharacteristic value ρ ofi,i=1,2,L M。
The following M matrices (A) are calculatedc+ρibc Tcc)∈RN×NCharacteristic value of 1, 2, L M (17) to evaluate small signal stability of DC network
The dimension of the full-order state matrix A of the medium direct current network is NM.
The matrix latitude involved in the above method is N and M. Therefore, it is a reduced order modal analysis method.
The simplified second-order model of EVCS described in (4) or (5) may be used if the dominant oscillation mode of the EVCS is associated with a filter or converter control system. Thus, it is possible to provide
Ac∈R2×2,bc Tcc∈R2×2 (18)
λc=-ξc±jωcDenoted as the dominant oscillatory mode of the EVCS.
λc=-ξc±jωcIs a state matrix ACThe conjugate value of (c).
Clearly, ξ should be stable at all times since the independent EVCS should be stable at all timesc>0。
λk(i) Expressed as a state matrix (a) — ξ (i) ± j ω (i)c+ρibc Tcc)∈R2×2I is the conjugate of 1, 2, … M. Lambda [ alpha ]k(i) And- ξ (i) ± j ω (i) is a dc network oscillation mode with M EVCSs. It satisfies
-ξ(i)+jω(i)-ξ(i)-jω(i)=-2ξ(i)=Trace(Ac+ρibc Tcc)
=Trace(Ac)+Trace(ρibc Tcc)=-2ξc+Trace(ρibc Tcc) (19)
Where Trace (W) refers to the trace of matrix W.
The network resistance matrix is R ∈ RM×MA real symmetric matrix.
Thus, ρiAnd i is a positive real number, 1, 2, L M. RhominRepresenting all piI is the largest eigenvalue of 1, 2, L M. As can be seen from (19), it is shown that,
when in useTime, slave state matrixThe oscillation mode of the dc network with the worst damping can be calculated, which means that only calculations are required for evaluating the stability of the dc networkRather than computing all state matricesThe modal calculation burden of the direct current network stability evaluation is further reduced;
when in useThe oscillation mode ratio lambda of the DC networkk(i) Better damping of ═ ξ (i) ± j ω (i), so the dc network is stable and does not require calculationThe characteristic value of (2).
RLIs the line resistance connecting the dc grid and the dc main bus D in fig. 1.
In a particular case, the dc network is geographically remote from the main dc bus (AC substation), so that RLMuch more than the resistance of the lines in a dc network. The resistance of the internal lines of the dc network can therefore be neglected. In this particular case, the network resistance matrix is
The characteristic value of R is ρi=0,i=1,2,L M-1,ρM=RLM thus, the M order state matrix decomposition of the DC network is the M-1 order first equivalent subsystem AcAnd for the Mth order subsystem (A)c+MRLbc Tcc). When Trace (b)c Tcc) At > 0, the stability limitation of the DC network is
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring small signal stability of an electric vehicle direct current charging network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a linear model of a direct current network consisting of M EVCSs (electric vehicle charging stations) and connected to a main alternating current power grid;
step two: on the premise of assuming that the dynamic models of M EVCSs are the same, deriving an equivalent model of a direct current network consisting of M subsystems;
step three: various factors influencing the stability of the direct current network are researched, and a beneficial conclusion is drawn.
2. The method for measuring the small signal stability of the direct current charging network of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the linear network model of the first step is as follows:
ΔV=RΔI
wherein R is the resistance matrix of the DC network
ΔV=[ΔVdc1 ΔVdc2 L ΔVdcm]T,ΔI=[Δidc1 Δidc2 L Δidcm]T
VdckAnd idckRepresenting the terminal voltage and current injection, respectively, for the kth EVCS.
3. The method for measuring the small-signal stability of the direct-current charging network of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent model of the direct-current network formed by the M subsystems in the second step is as follows:
PAP-1=diag[Ac+ρibc Tcc]
moment of state for each M subsystemArray is Ac+ρibc Tcc
λk(i) Expressed as a state matrix (a) — ξ (i) ± j ω (i)c+ρibc Tcc)∈R2×2I is the conjugate of 1, 2, … M, λk(i) The resonance frequency of the direct current network oscillation mode is equal to-xi (i) ± j ω (i), and satisfies the condition that
-ξ(i)+jω(i)-ξ(i)-jω(i)=-2ξ(i)=Trace(Ac+ρibc Tcc)
=Trace(Ac)+Trace(ρibc Tcc)=-2ξc+Trace(ρibc Tcc)
Where Trace (W) refers to the trace of matrix W.
4. The method for measuring the small signal stability of the direct current charging network of the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the third step comprises the following specific steps:
s31: when in useTime, slave state matrixThe oscillation mode of the dc network with the worst damping can be calculated, which means that only calculations are required for evaluating the stability of the dc networkRather than computing all state matricesThe modal calculation burden of the direct current network stability evaluation is further reduced;
5. The method for measuring the small-signal stability of the electric vehicle direct current charging network according to claim 1, wherein the Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) comprises a resistor, an inductor, a capacitor, a direct current/direct current converter, a diode, a direct current load; the resistor comprises a resistor R and a resistor RLSaid capacitor comprises a capacitor CFAnd a capacitor CLThe resistor R is connected with an inductor L, and the inductor L is connected with an inductor L in the direct current/direct current converterFAn inductance L in the DC/DC converterFRespectively connected with capacitors CFAnd a DC/DC converter connected with the diode and the internal inductor L of the DC/DC converter respectivelyLThe internal inductor LL of the DC/DC converter is connected with a resistor RL, and the resistor RL is respectively connected with a capacitor CLAnd a dc load.
6. The method for measuring the small-signal stability of the direct-current charging network of the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the model of the EVCS is as follows:
Δidc=ckΔxk
wherein
Δxk=[ΔvF Δidc ΔvL ΔiL ΔxV ΔxI]T
bk=[0 1/(L+LF) 0 0 0 0]T
ck=[0 1 0 0 0 0]
Wherein v isdcAnd idcVoltage and current injection at dc node a, respectively: r and L are line resistance and inductance: l isFAnd CFInductance and capacitance of the output filter of the dc/dc converter: vFAnd iFRespectively is through CFVoltage of and from CFSide injection current to dc/dc converter: rLAnd LLResistance and inductance of the line connecting the dc/dc converter and the dc load: cLVoltage regulating capacitance of dc load: vLIs through CLVoltage of (c): i.e. iLAnd pLRespectively load current and active power.
7. The method of measuring small signal stability of an electric vehicle dc charging network of claim 1, wherein the dc network is configured with M electric vehicle charging stations, including electric vehicle charging stations, the M electric vehicle charging stations arranged in a radial string of the dc network.
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