CN113889911B - Transmission line foreign matter cleaning device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of power transmission facilities, in particular to a foreign matter cleaning device for a power transmission line, which comprises a shell, wherein a conveying piece penetrates through the front end face of the shell, a water tank is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the shell, a purifying piece is arranged inside the water tank, a communicating ring is arranged at the end part of the conveying piece and is arranged inside the shell, a bearing ring is arranged on one side of the communicating ring, a fixing piece is arranged between the communicating ring and the bearing ring, cleaning cotton is arranged inside the bearing ring, a cleaning piece is arranged on the other side of the communicating ring inside the shell, and two groups of guide rings are arranged on the inner edge of the shell. The invention can reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve the cleaning efficiency, simultaneously ensure the cleaning quality, improve the environmental protection property, avoid the blockage phenomenon of the filter screen frame and improve the use convenience.

Description

Transmission line foreign matter cleaning device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of power transmission facilities, in particular to a foreign matter cleaning device for a power transmission line.

Background

Electric energy transmission means is carried another department by power plant or power by a certain place a mode, because the immature electric energy of early technology is carried and is adopted direct current transmission more, later stage evolves into alternating current transmission gradually, wherein common transmission of electricity facility has transmission line promptly to be the cable, carry electric power with through the cable, and the cable can adsorb a large amount of foreign matters on its surface of in-process of rolling, for avoiding the foreign matter to influence the rolling, people can generally clear up the foreign matter on cable surface, current when clearing up the foreign matter on cable surface, mostly adopt artificial mode to clear up, this kind of very big increase artificial intensity of labour of clearance mode, and cleaning efficiency is lower.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the background technology and provides a foreign matter cleaning device for a power transmission line.

In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a transmission line foreign matter cleaning device, includes the casing, the preceding terminal surface of casing runs through to install carries the piece, the basin has been seted up to the inside bottom surface of casing, the internally mounted of basin has the purification piece, carry the tip of piece to install the intercommunication ring, the intercommunication ring is installed in the inside of casing, one side of intercommunication ring is provided with the carrier ring, be provided with the mounting between intercommunication ring and the carrier ring, the internally mounted of carrier ring has clean cotton, the cleaning member is installed to the opposite side of the inside intercommunication ring of casing, two sets of guide rings are installed to the inside edge of casing, intercommunication ring and cleaning member all are located between two sets of guide rings, the inside elastic mounting of guide ring has the wheel carrier, the inside of wheel carrier is rotated and is inlayed and is had the guide pulley, the inside surface annular array of intercommunication ring runs through to inlay and has the multiunit nozzle.

Preferably, the conveying part comprises a water pump fixedly mounted on the front end face of the shell, a water inlet of the water pump is communicated with the water tank, a water outlet of the water pump is fixedly communicated with a communicating pipe, and the end part of the communicating pipe is fixedly communicated with the communicating ring.

Preferably, the surface annular array of guide ring runs through to inlay has a plurality of groups of restriction section of thick bamboo, the inside laminating of a restriction section of thick bamboo is installed the fore-set, the tip of fore-set and the terminal surface fixed connection of wheel carrier, the outside winding of fore-set has top movable spring, top movable spring inlays between a restriction section of thick bamboo and wheel carrier.

Preferably, purify the piece including inlaying the strainer frame in the inside of basin, the up end laminating of strainer frame is run through and is installed the strainer frame, the lower terminal surface edge of strainer frame extends there is sealed lug, the seal groove has been seted up to the up end of strainer frame, sealed lug laminating is in the inside of seal groove, the up end of strainer frame is opened and is established to the inclined plane, the side extension of the inside bottom surface basin of casing has the backing ring, the carrier bar is installed in the laminating of the inside surface of backing ring.

Preferably, the outer surface of the bearing rod coaxially extends to form a suspension frame, a connecting frame is fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the suspension frame, the end portion of the connecting frame is fixedly connected with the corner of the upper end face of the filter screen frame, and the water tank is located right below the communicating ring and the bearing ring.

Preferably, the mounting is including extending the framework at the up end of intercommunication ring, the arc preforming is installed in the inside laminating of framework, the lower terminal surface of arc preforming compresses tightly in the up end of carrier ring, the up end middle part of framework extends there is directional circle, elastic mounting is run through in the side laminating of directional circle has the spliced pole, the coaxial inlaying of one end of spliced pole has the barrel, the surface slope of barrel extends there is the component frame, the tip of component frame and the up end fixed connection of arc preforming.

Preferably, the up end of barrel extends there is the throw-out collar, the outside winding of spliced pole has the promotion spring, it inlays between directional circle and barrel to promote the spring, the other end coaxial mosaic of spliced pole has spacing dish, spacing dish and spliced pole integrated into one piece, the lower terminal surface of intercommunication ring extends there is the bracket, the up end of bracket is laminated in the lower terminal surface that bears the weight of the ring, the up end of bracket extends there is a limiting plate, the tip of bracket is inlayed and is had No. two limiting plates, bear the weight of the ring and laminate between a limiting plate and No. two limiting plates.

Preferably, the cleaning element is including installing No. one fixed ring at the opposite side of the inside intercommunication ring of casing, no. two fixed ring are installed to No. one fixed ring's of inside of casing one side, no. two fixed ring and No. one fixed ring all are located between two sets of guide rings, no. one fixed ring's upper and lower both ends face and No. two fixed ring around laminate respectively and run through and install two sets of compression legs, one of them is a set of the tip of compression leg is inlayed and is had a clean scraping ring, another group the tip of compression leg is inlayed and is had No. two clean scraping rings, and is two sets of the outside of compression leg is twined respectively and is had two sets of pressure spring, and one set of pressure spring is inlayed and is fixed between a clean scraping ring and No. one fixed ring, another group pressure spring is inlayed and is between No. two clean scraping rings and No. two fixed ring, no. two clean scraping ring is the dislocation set with a clean scraping ring, no. one fixed ring's surface, the surface of No. two fixed ring, the surface of guide ring and casing fixed connection.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. through a clean scraping ring and No. two clean scraping rings of dislocation set, can clear the cable surface adsorbed foreign matter and scrape, the cable after clearly scraping can get into in the intercommunication ring, in order to be moistened by nozzle spun water on the intercommunication ring, and clean moist region under the effect of the clean cotton in the carrier ring, with this get rid of the foreign matter clearance, the phenomenon of having avoided carrying out the clearance through the manual work, the effectual artificial intensity of labour that has reduced, the cleaning efficiency is improved, simultaneously under compression spring's the effect of compressing tightly, can guarantee that a clean scraping ring and No. two clean scraping rings contact with the cable surface all the time, in order to guarantee that it clearly scrapes the quality.

2. Through the basin that sets up, can accept nozzle spun water, filter the foreign matter of aquatic simultaneously through the inside screen frame, water after the filtration falls in the bottom of basin, and take out through the water pump and send into in the intercommunication ring through communicating pipe, at last through the nozzle blowout with this circulation, the effectual waste of avoiding the water resource, the feature of environmental protection has been improved, and under the effect of the screen frame that the inclined plane set up, can guide filterable foreign matter, make the foreign matter can concentrate and pile up in the screen frame, with the foreign matter that can not remain on guaranteeing the screen frame, and then the phenomenon of jam has appeared in the screen frame has been avoided.

3. Through the mounting that sets up, can drive the barrel through promoting the throw-out collar and remove, the spliced pole slides in the directional circle at this moment and removes with supplementary barrel, make the arc preforming of connection on the barrel can remove on breaking away from the carrier ring, upwards stimulate the carrier ring afterwards, can take out the carrier ring and clean with the clean cotton to the carrier ring inside, change, and through upwards the carrier bar that the pulling is propped up by the carrier ring, can order about the screen frame of connecting on the carrier bar through mounted frame and link and break away from the screen frame, be about to take out the screen frame from the basin, in order to clean the foreign matter of piling up in the screen frame in concentrating, with this effectual clean to the device of having made things convenient for, the convenience in use degree has been improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a foreign matter cleaning device for a power transmission line according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an internal view of a device for cleaning foreign matter in an electric transmission line according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first fixing ring of the device for cleaning foreign matters in a power transmission line according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a communication ring of the device for cleaning foreign matters in the power transmission line according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a water tank of the foreign matter cleaning device for the power transmission line of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 5 of the device for cleaning foreign matter in the power transmission line according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arc-shaped pressing sheet of the device for cleaning foreign matters in the power transmission line.

In the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a water pump; 3. a communicating pipe; 4. a communication ring; 5. a load ring; 6. arc-shaped tabletting; 7. a first fixing ring; 8. a second fixing ring; 9. a guide ring; 10. a fixed seat; 11. a water tank; 12. a frame body; 13. an orientation ring; 14. connecting columns; 15. a barrel; 16. a force dividing frame; 17. a push spring; 18. a limiting disc; 19. a push ring; 20. a nozzle; 21. a screen frame; 22. a screen frame; 23. a supporting ring; 24. a carrier bar; 25. a suspension bracket; 26. a connecting frame; 27. a sealing groove; 28. sealing the bump; 29. a restraining cylinder; 30. a top pillar; 31. pushing the spring; 32. a wheel carrier; 33. a guide wheel; 34. a bracket; 35. a first limiting plate; 36. a second limiting plate; 37. pressing the column; 38. a compression spring; 39. cleaning a scraping ring; 40. cleaning a scraping ring II; 41. and cleaning the cotton.

Detailed Description

The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1-7, the device for cleaning foreign matters in a power transmission line comprises a housing 1, a conveying part is installed on the front end face of the housing 1 in a penetrating manner, a water tank 11 is formed in the bottom face of the interior of the housing 1, a purifying part is installed inside the water tank 11, a communicating ring 4 is installed at the end of the conveying part, the communicating ring 4 is installed inside the housing 1, a bearing ring 5 is arranged on one side of the communicating ring 4, a fixing part is arranged between the communicating ring 4 and the bearing ring 5, cleaning cotton 41 is installed inside the bearing ring 5, a cleaning part is installed on the other side of the communicating ring 4 inside the housing 1, two groups of guide rings 9 are installed at the edge of the interior of the housing 1, the communicating ring 4 and the cleaning part are located between the two groups of guide rings 9, a wheel carrier 32 is elastically installed inside the guide ring 9, a guide wheel carrier 33 is rotatably embedded inside the wheel carrier 32, and a plurality of groups of nozzles 20 are embedded in a penetrating manner in an annular array on the outer surface of the interior of the communicating ring 4.

The conveying part comprises a water pump 2 fixedly mounted on the front end face of the shell 1, a water inlet of the water pump 2 is communicated with the water tank 11, a water outlet of the water pump 2 is fixedly communicated with a communicating pipe 3, the end part of the communicating pipe 3 is fixedly communicated with the communicating ring 4, and water can be pumped out of the water tank 11 through the arranged water pump 2 and sent into the communicating ring 4 through the communicating pipe 3.

The outer surface annular array of guide ring 9 runs through to inlay has a plurality of sets of restriction section of thick bamboo 29, the laminating of the inside of restriction section of thick bamboo 29 installs fore-set 30, the tip of fore-set 30 and the terminal surface fixed connection of wheel carrier 32, the outside winding of fore-set 30 has top floating spring 31, top floating spring 31 inlays between restriction section of thick bamboo 29 and wheel carrier 32, cooperation between restriction section of thick bamboo 29 and the fore-set 30 through the setting can guarantee that wheel carrier 32 is rectilinear movement, top floating spring 31 can carry out the top to guide pulley 33, make guide pulley 33 compress tightly on the cable.

Purify the piece including inlaying the strainer frame 21 in the inside of basin 11, strainer frame 22 is installed in the laminating of the up end of strainer frame 21, the lower terminal surface edge of strainer frame 22 extends there is sealed lug 28, seal groove 27 has been seted up to strainer frame 21's up end, sealed lug 28 is laminated in the inside of seal groove 27, the up end of strainer frame 21 is opened and is established to the inclined plane, the side of the inside bottom surface basin 11 of casing 1 extends there is the filler ring 23, carrier bar 24 is installed in the laminating of the inside surface of filler ring 23, can improve the leakproofness between strainer frame 21 and the strainer frame 22 through sealed lug 28 and the seal groove 27 that set up, the filler ring 23 plays the effect of bracketing carrier bar 24.

The outer surface of carrier bar 24 has the mounted frame 25 of coaxial extension, and the lower terminal surface fixed mounting of mounted frame 25 has link 26, and the tip of link 26 and the upper end face corner fixed connection of screen frame 22, basin 11 are located and communicate ring 4 and carrier ring 5 under, can be in the same place carrier bar 24 and screen frame 22 fixed through link 26 and mounted frame 25 that set up, and basin 11 plays the effect of collecting spun water.

The fixing piece is including extending the framework 12 at the up end of intercommunication ring 4, arc preforming 6 is installed in the inside laminating of framework 12, the lower terminal surface of arc preforming 6 compresses tightly in the up end of carrier ring 5, the up end middle part of framework 12 extends there is directional circle 13, the side laminating of directional circle 13 runs through elastic mounting and has spliced pole 14, coaxial the inlaying of one end of spliced pole 14 has barrel 15, the surface slope of barrel 15 extends there is component frame 16, the tip of component frame 16 and the up end fixed connection of arc preforming 6, can compress tightly carrier ring 5 through the arc preforming 6 that sets up, framework 12 plays the effect of guaranteeing arc preforming 6 rectilinear movement, directional circle 13 and spliced pole 14 play the effect of the dynamics of compressing tightly of guaranteeing arc preforming 6, component frame 16 plays the effect of evenly acting on arc preforming 6 with pressure.

The upper end face of barrel 15 extends and has the throw-out collar 19, the outside winding of spliced pole 14 has the promotion spring 17, it inlays between directional ring 13 and barrel 15 to promote spring 17, the coaxial inlaying of the other end of spliced pole 14 has spacing dish 18, spacing dish 18 and spliced pole 14 integrated into one piece, the lower terminal surface of intercommunication ring 4 extends and has bracket 34, the up end of bracket 34 pastes in the lower terminal surface of carrier ring 5, the up end of bracket 34 extends and has No. one limiting plate 35, the tip of bracket 34 is inlayed and is had No. two limiting plates 36, carrier ring 5 pastes between No. one limiting plate 35 and No. two limiting plates 36, can promote with fixed the arc preforming 6 through the promotion spring 17 that sets up, spacing dish 18 plays and carries out spacing effect to arc preforming 6, bracket 34 plays and props up the effect of holding ring 5, no. one limiting plate 35 and No. two limiting plates 36 play and carry out spacing effect to carrier ring 5.

The cleaning piece comprises a first fixing ring 7 arranged on the other side of an internal communicating ring 4 of the shell 1, a second fixing ring 8 is arranged on one side of the first fixing ring 7 in the shell 1, the second fixing ring 8 and the first fixing ring 7 are both positioned between two groups of guide rings 9, two groups of compression posts 37 are respectively arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the first fixing ring 7 and the front end surface and the rear end surface of the second fixing ring 8 in a fit and penetrating manner, a first cleaning scraping ring 39 is embedded in the end part of one group of compression posts 37, a second cleaning scraping ring 40 is embedded in the end part of the other group of compression posts 37, two groups of compression springs 38 are respectively wound on the outer sides of the two groups of compression posts 37, one group of compression springs 38 is embedded between the first cleaning scraping ring 39 and the first fixing ring 7, and the other group of compression springs 38 is embedded between the second cleaning scraping ring 40 and the second fixing ring 8, no. two clean scraping ring 40 is the dislocation set with a clean scraping ring 39, a solid fixed ring 7's surface, no. two solid fixed ring 8's surface, the surface of guide ring 9 and the surface of intercommunication ring 4 all inlay and have fixing base 10, fixing base 10 and 1 fixed connection of casing, fixing base 10 through the setting can be to solid fixed ring 7 No. two, no. two solid fixed ring 8, guide ring 9 and intercommunication ring 4 are fixed, compression leg 37 plays and guarantees No. two clean scraping ring 40 and a clean scraping ring 39 and be rectilinear movement's effect, no. two clean scraping ring 40 plays the effect of scraping clearly the cable surface with a clean scraping ring 39, pressure spring 38 plays and compresses tightly No. two clean scraping ring 40 and a clean scraping ring 39 on the cable.

When the cable cleaning device works, a cable is pushed into the guide ring 9, the guide wheel 33 in the guide ring 9 is attached to the surface of the cable to roll so as to assist the movement of the cable, when the cable moves into the first fixing ring 7 and the second fixing ring 8, the first cleaning scraping ring 39 and the second cleaning scraping ring 40 are always contacted with the surface of the cable under the compression action of the compression spring 38, foreign matters adsorbed on the surface of the cable are cleaned through the first cleaning scraping ring 39 and the second cleaning scraping ring 40 which are arranged in a staggered mode, the cleaned cable enters the communication ring 4 to be wetted by water sprayed from the nozzles 20 on the communication ring 4, the wetted area is wiped under the action of cleaning cotton 41 in the bearing ring 5, the foreign matters are cleaned and removed, the water sprayed from the nozzles 20 is received by the water tank 11, and the foreign matters in the water are filtered through the filter screen frame 21 in the water tank 11, the filtered water falls to the bottom of the water tank 11, is pumped out by the water pump 2 and is sent into the communicating ring 4 through the communicating pipe 3, and is sprayed out by the nozzle 20 to circulate, and under the action of the filter screen frame 21 arranged on the inclined surface, the filtered foreign matters can be guided, so that the foreign matters can be concentrated and accumulated in the filter screen frame 22, the filter screen frame 22 connected on the bearing rod 24 through the suspension frame 25 and the connecting frame 26 can be driven to be separated from the filter screen frame 21 by pulling the bearing rod 24 supported by the supporting ring 23 upwards, namely the filter screen frame 22 is taken out from the water tank 11, so as to clean the foreign matters concentrated and accumulated in the filter screen frame 22, and the cylinder body 15 is driven to move by pushing the push ring 19, at the moment, the connecting column 14 slides in the orientation ring 13 to assist the cylinder body 15 to move, so that the arc-shaped pressing sheet 6 connected on the cylinder body 15 can move and be separated from the bearing ring 5, subsequently, the carrier ring 5 is pulled upward, so that the carrier ring 5 can be taken out to clean and replace the cleaning cotton 41 inside the carrier ring 5.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a transmission line foreign matter cleaning device, includes casing (1), its characterized in that: the cleaning device is characterized in that a conveying piece penetrates through the front end face of the shell (1), a water tank (11) is formed in the bottom face of the interior of the shell (1), a cleaning piece is mounted inside the water tank (11), a communicating ring (4) is mounted at the end of the conveying piece, the communicating ring (4) is mounted inside the shell (1), a bearing ring (5) is arranged on one side of the communicating ring (4), a fixing piece is arranged between the communicating ring (4) and the bearing ring (5), cleaning cotton (41) is mounted inside the bearing ring (5), a cleaning piece is mounted on the other side of the communicating ring (4) inside the shell (1), two groups of guide rings (9) are mounted at the edge of the interior of the shell (1), the communicating ring (4) and the cleaning piece are located between the two groups of guide rings (9), a wheel carrier (32) is elastically mounted inside the guide rings (9), a guide wheel (33) is rotatably embedded in the wheel carrier (32), and a plurality of groups of nozzles (20) penetrate through the annular array on the outer surface of the interior of the communicating ring (4);

the conveying piece comprises a water pump (2) fixedly mounted on the front end face of the shell (1), a water inlet of the water pump (2) is communicated with the water tank (11), a water outlet of the water pump (2) is fixedly communicated with a communicating pipe (3), and the end part of the communicating pipe (3) is fixedly communicated with a communicating ring (4);

the outer surface of the guide ring (9) is annularly arrayed and embedded with a plurality of groups of limiting cylinders (29), the limiting cylinders (29) are internally provided with ejection columns (30) in a fitting manner, the end parts of the ejection columns (30) are fixedly connected with the end surfaces of the wheel carriers (32), ejection springs (31) are wound on the outer sides of the ejection columns (30), and the ejection springs (31) are embedded between the limiting cylinders (29) and the wheel carriers (32);

the purifying part is including inlaying strainer frame (21) in the inside of basin (11), the up end laminating of strainer frame (21) is run through and is installed strainer frame (22), the lower terminal surface edge of strainer frame (22) extends and has sealed lug (28), seal groove (27) have been seted up to the up end of strainer frame (21), sealed lug (28) are laminated in the inside of seal groove (27), the up end of strainer frame (21) is opened and is established to the inclined plane, the side extension of inside bottom surface basin (11) of casing (1) has backing ring (23), carrier bar (24) are installed in the laminating of the inside surface of backing ring (23).

2. The foreign matter cleaning device for the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the bearing rod (24) coaxially extends to form a suspension frame (25), a connecting frame (26) is fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the suspension frame (25), the end portion of the connecting frame (26) is fixedly connected with the corner of the upper end face of the filter screen frame (22), and the water tank (11) is located right below the communicating ring (4) and the bearing ring (5).

3. The foreign matter cleaning device for the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein: the mounting is including extending framework (12) at the up end of intercommunication ring (4), arc preforming (6) are installed in the inside laminating of framework (12), the lower terminal surface of arc preforming (6) is compressed tightly in the up end of bearing ring (5), the up end middle part of framework (12) extends and has directional circle (13), the side laminating of directional circle (13) is run through elastic mounting and is connect spliced pole (14), the coaxial inlaying of one end of spliced pole (14) has barrel (15), the surface slope of barrel (15) extends there is component frame (16), the tip of component frame (16) and the up end fixed connection of arc preforming (6).

4. The foreign matter cleaning device for the power transmission line according to claim 3, wherein: the up end of barrel (15) extends there is push ring (19), the outside winding of spliced pole (14) has promotion spring (17), it inlays between orientation circle (13) and barrel (15) to promote spring (17), the coaxial inlaying of the other end of spliced pole (14) has spacing dish (18), spacing dish (18) and spliced pole (14) integrated into one piece, the lower terminal surface of intercommunication ring (4) extends there is bracket (34), the up end laminating of bracket (34) is in the lower terminal surface of carrier ring (5), the up end extension of bracket (34) has a limiting plate (35), the tip of bracket (34) is inlayed and is had No. two limiting plates (36), carrier ring (5) laminating between a limiting plate (35) and No. two limiting plates (36).

5. The foreign matter cleaning device for the power transmission line according to claim 4, wherein: the cleaning piece comprises a fixing ring (7) arranged on the other side of an internal communicating ring (4) of the shell (1), wherein two fixing rings (8) are arranged on one side of the internal fixing ring (7) of the shell (1), the two fixing rings (8) and the one fixing ring (7) are both positioned between two groups of guide rings (9), the upper end face and the lower end face of the one fixing ring (7) and the front end face and the rear end face of the two fixing rings (8) are respectively attached and penetrated through to be provided with two groups of compression columns (37), one group of compression columns (37) are embedded with a cleaning scraping ring (39), the other group of compression columns (37) is embedded with a cleaning scraping ring (40), the two groups of compression springs (38) are respectively wound on the outer sides of the compression columns (37), one group of compression springs (38) are embedded between the cleaning scraping ring (39) and the one fixing ring (7), the other group of compression springs (38) is embedded between the cleaning scraping ring (40) and the cleaning scraping ring (8), the other group of the fixing rings (38) is embedded with the cleaning scraping ring (9), and the outer surface of the one fixing ring (9) and the fixing rings (9) are both provided with a dislocation between the outer surface of the cleaning scraping ring (8), the fixing seat (10) is fixedly connected with the shell (1).

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