CN113889828A - High-power liquid cooling pulse solid laser - Google Patents
High-power liquid cooling pulse solid laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN113889828A CN113889828A CN202010632536.0A CN202010632536A CN113889828A CN 113889828 A CN113889828 A CN 113889828A CN 202010632536 A CN202010632536 A CN 202010632536A CN 113889828 A CN113889828 A CN 113889828A
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S3/0407—Liquid cooling, e.g. by water
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0071—Beam steering, e.g. whereby a mirror outside the cavity is present to change the beam direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S3/042—Arrangements for thermal management for solid state lasers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
- H01S3/0604—Crystal lasers or glass lasers in the form of a plate or disc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
- H01S3/1118—Semiconductor saturable absorbers, e.g. semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors [SESAMs]; Solid-state saturable absorbers, e.g. carbon nanotube [CNT] based
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-power liquid-cooled solid pulse laser, which comprises a rear cavity mirror, a polarizer, a stepped laser window, a pumping source, a stepped pumping window, an output coupling mirror, a saturable absorber and a laser gain medium. The power of the output laser is improved by connecting the slab crystals in parallel, meanwhile, the quality of light beams is improved by adopting a confocal unstable resonator structure in the height direction of the slab crystals, and the output laser is subjected to pulse modulation by using a saturable absorber, so that the output laser has higher average power and higher peak power; and has the advantages of compact structure of the laser cavity and simple processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid laser equipment, and particularly relates to a high-power liquid cooling pulse solid laser.
Background
Compared with other types of lasers, the solid laser has the advantages of stable performance, small size, low cost and the like, and has important application in industrial production, scientific research and military. However, the conventional solid-state laser generally increases the output power by combining laser beams outside the cavity or increasing the aperture of the laser gain medium. For the extra-cavity laser beam combination mode, the size and complexity of the whole laser system become large, thereby limiting the practicability of the laser. For increasing the aperture of the laser gain medium, the large beam area may cause the high-order mode to start oscillation, thereby causing the quality of the output laser beam to be poor. Therefore, it is very important to provide a solid laser with high average power, high peak power and high beam quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention improves the power of the output laser by connecting the slab crystals in parallel, so that the output laser cannot cause the deterioration of the beam quality due to the enlargement of the beam area, and the slab crystals are cooled by liquid convection. Meanwhile, a confocal unstable resonator structure is adopted in the height direction of the slab crystal to improve the beam quality, and a saturable absorber is used for carrying out pulse modulation on output laser, so that the output laser has higher average power and higher peak power.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a liquid cooling pulse solid laser is sequentially provided with a rear cavity mirror 1, a polarizer 2, a step-shaped laser window I3, a saturable absorber I8, a laser gain medium 9, a saturable absorber II 13, a step-shaped laser window II 6 and an output coupling mirror 7 along the laser incidence direction; the laser gain medium 9 is a slab crystal, and a structure that a plurality of slab crystal units are connected in parallel is adopted in the thickness direction of the slab crystal; the laser gain medium 9 is respectively provided with a stepped pumping window I5 and a stepped pumping window II 11 at two sides along the width direction; a pumping source I4 is arranged on one side, away from the laser gain medium 9, of the stepped pumping window I5, and a pumping source II 10 is arranged on one side, away from the laser gain medium 9, of the stepped pumping window II 11;
the laser gain medium cooling fluid field 12 is arranged on two sides of the slab crystal unit; both sides of the saturable absorber I8 and both sides of the saturable absorber II 13 are saturable absorber cooling fluid fields 14; the laser gain medium cooling fluid field 12 and the saturable absorber cooling fluid field 14 are cooled by liquid convection;
the laser gain medium cooling fluid field 12 is separated from the saturable absorber cooling fluid field 14 by a tetrafluoro plate 15, the tetrafluoro plate 15 is fixed on the laser outer shell, and the laser gain medium 9 passes through the tetrafluoro plate 15; the pump light alternately passes through the laser gain medium 9 and the laser gain medium cooling fluid field 12, and the laser beam propagates in the slab crystal without passing through the laser gain medium cooling fluid field 12. The flow rate of the cooling liquid in the laser gain medium cooling fluid field 12 can be high, even though turbulence is formed, the beam quality is not affected, and the output laser beam is an incoherent combined beam of a plurality of lath crystal units in the thickness direction.
Further, the rear cavity mirror 1 is a cylindrical plano-concave mirror, the output coupling mirror 7 is a cylindrical meniscus mirror, the rear cavity mirror 1 and the output coupling mirror 7 have curvatures in the height direction of the slab crystal, no curvature exists in the thickness direction of the slab crystal, the curvature can be adjusted according to specific cavity design, and curvatures of different cavity types are different.
Furthermore, one side of the rear cavity mirror 1 close to the polarizer 2 is plated with a reflecting film of relevant laser wavelength, and one side of the output coupling mirror 7 close to the stepped laser window II 6 is plated with a one-dimensional Gaussian variable reflectivity film in the height direction of the slab crystal.
Further, the slab crystal is one of a plate-shaped Nd: YAG crystal, Yb: YAG crystal and Nd: YLF crystal.
Further, the slab crystal unit has a thickness of 1 to 3 mm.
Further, the laser gain medium cooling fluid field 12 is less than 1 mm thick.
Further, the saturable absorber I8 and the saturable absorber II 13 are Cr4+YAG ceramics, V3+YAG ceramic.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the invention, in the thickness direction of the slab crystal, a structure that a plurality of slab crystal units are connected in parallel is adopted, and the output power of the laser can be improved by increasing the number of the parallel slab crystal units. Because the gaps among the slab crystal units are very small, the output near-field light field is a combination of a plurality of strip-shaped light spots with small gaps, the output far field is a uniform rectangular light spot, and the output light field is equivalent to an incoherent combined beam of a traditional slab laser.
2. The invention adopts the saturable absorber to carry out pulse modulation and carries out liquid convection cooling on two large surfaces of the saturable absorber so as to ensure the heat dissipation of the saturable absorber, and the quality of the light beam cannot be influenced by generating a large amount of heat.
3. The output laser beam does not pass through the laser gain medium cooling fluid field, and the laser gain medium cooling fluid field does not need to be guaranteed to be laminar, so that the speed of the fluid field can be very high, sufficient heat dissipation is guaranteed, and the loss in a laser cavity is not increased and the beam quality is not influenced under the condition of increasing the output power.
4. The laser gain medium cooling fluid field is separated from the saturable absorber cooling fluid field, the laser beam only passes through the four fluid layers, and the width of a flow channel is very small; and the heat generated on the saturable absorber is less, and the heat can be dissipated only by small flow velocity, so that the cooling flow field of the saturable absorber can be ensured to be laminar flow, and the quality of the laser beam cannot be deteriorated by passing through the liquid flow field.
5. The invention adopts a cylindrical mirror as a laser cavity mirror, forms a virtual confocal unstable resonator structure in the height direction of the slab crystal, forms a flat cavity structure in the thickness direction of the slab crystal, the rear cavity mirror is plated with a reflecting film of relevant laser wavelength, and the output coupling mirror is plated with a one-dimensional Gaussian film in the height direction of the slab crystal, so that the spatial distribution of the output light beam in the direction is uniform flat light beam. Because the thickness of the slab crystal unit is small, generally about 2 mm, although a flat cavity structure is adopted in the thickness direction, only a low-order mode can start vibration generally. The output laser beam has a high beam quality in both directions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a high power liquid-cooled pulsed solid state laser structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural front view of a high-power liquid-cooled pulsed solid-state laser according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-rear cavity mirror, 2-polarizer, 3-step laser window I, 4-pumping source I, 5-step pumping window I, 6-step laser window II, 7-output coupling mirror, 8-saturable absorber I, 9-laser gain medium, 10-pumping source II, 11-step pumping window II, 12-laser gain medium cooling fluid field, 13-saturable absorber II, 14-saturable absorber cooling fluid field, 15-tetrafluoro plate.
Detailed Description
The crystal and ceramic used in the examples were purchased from Fujing technologies, Inc.
In the embodiment, the thickness direction is the Y-axis direction, the width direction is the X-axis direction, and the height direction is the Z-axis direction.
Example 1
YAG crystal as laser gain medium and Cr as saturable absorber4+YAG ceramic, cooling liquid is heavy water, and Cr is used because the size of ceramic is theoretically very large and the non-uniformity of the concentration of doped ions caused by the increase of the size of the ceramic is avoided, so that the cooling liquid is made of the heavy water4+YAG ceramic is used as a saturable absorber, the laser output power can be increased by increasing the number of gain media connected in parallel and the size of the saturable absorber, heavy water is used as a laser gain medium cooling liquid and a saturable absorber cooling liquid, the absorption coefficient of the heavy water to corresponding laser wavelength and pump light wavelength is small, the loss in a resonant cavity can be reduced, the laser can output 1064nm pulse laser with high average power, high peak power and high beam quality, and the average power of the output 1064nm pulse laser can be increased by increasing the number of Nd: YAG crystals connected in parallel.
Example 2
YAG crystal as laser gain medium and V as saturable absorber3+YAG ceramic, heavy water as cooling liquid, the laser of the present invention can output high average power, high peak power and high light beam1.3um pulsed laser of quality, and the average power of the output 1.3um pulsed laser can be increased by increasing the number of Nd: YAG crystals connected in parallel.
Example 3
The laser gain medium adopts Yb: YAG crystal, the saturable absorber adopts Cr4+YAG ceramic, cooling liquid adopts heavy water, Yb: YAG crystal adopts 940nm or 976nm pump source to pump, output laser wavelength is 1030nm, compared with Nd: YAG crystal, the quantum efficiency is higher, the heat quantity generated on the laser crystal is smaller, and the optical-optical conversion efficiency is higher.
Example 4
The laser gain medium adopts Nd-YLF crystal, the saturable absorber adopts Cr4+YAG ceramic, the cooling liquid adopts carbon tetrachloride, the refractive index of the carbon tetrachloride liquid is close to that of Nd: YLF crystal, the interface loss of the pumping wavelength and the laser wavelength on the Nd: YAG crystal can be ignored, and the absorption coefficient of the carbon tetrachloride liquid to 1047nm laser is very small, so the loss in the cavity is very small, the laser can output 1047nm pulse laser with high average power, high peak power and high beam quality, and the average power of the output 1047nm pulse laser can be increased by increasing the number of the Nd: YLF crystals connected in parallel.
Example 5
The laser gain medium adopts Nd: YAG crystal or Yb: YAG crystal, the saturable absorber adopts Cr4+YAG ceramic, and common deionized water is used as cooling liquid. Although ordinary deionized water has partial absorption on the laser wavelengths of 1030nm and 1064nm, which results in increased loss in the laser resonant cavity, the laser beam only needs to pass through the fluid layers on the two sides of the saturable absorber at the two ends, the heat generated by the saturable absorber is small, and the thickness of the fluid layer through which the laser beam passes is generally small, so when the ordinary deionized water is used as the cooling liquid, the loss caused by absorption is correspondingly small, and most importantly, the ordinary deionized water has small lossThe laser can output 1064nm or 1030nm pulse laser with high average power, high peak power and high beam quality, and can increase the average power of the output 1064nm or 1030nm pulse laser by increasing the number of parallel laser crystals.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A liquid-cooled pulsed solid state laser characterized by: the laser is sequentially provided with a rear cavity mirror (1), a polarizer (2), a stepped laser window I (3), a saturable absorber I (8), a laser gain medium (9), a saturable absorber II (13), a stepped laser window II (6) and an output coupling mirror (7) along the laser incidence direction; the laser gain medium (9) is a slab crystal, and a structure that a plurality of slab crystal units are connected in parallel is adopted in the thickness direction of the slab crystal; a stepped pumping window I (5) and a stepped pumping window II (11) are respectively arranged on two sides of the laser gain medium (9) along the width direction; a pumping source I (4) is arranged on one side, away from the laser gain medium (9), of the stepped pumping window I (5), and a pumping source II (10) is arranged on one side, away from the laser gain medium (9), of the stepped pumping window II (11);
laser gain medium cooling fluid fields (12) are arranged on two sides of each slab crystal unit; both sides of the saturable absorber I (8) and both sides of the saturable absorber II (13) are saturable absorber cooling fluid fields (14); the laser gain medium cooling fluid field (12) and the saturable absorber cooling fluid field (14) are cooled by liquid convection;
the laser gain medium cooling fluid field (12) and the saturable absorber cooling fluid field (14) are separated by a tetrafluoro plate (15), and the laser gain medium (9) passes through the tetrafluoro plate (15); the pump light alternately passes through the laser gain medium (9) and the laser gain medium cooling fluid field (12); the laser beam propagates in the slab crystal without cooling the fluid field (12) through the laser gain medium.
2. The liquid-cooled pulsed solid state laser of claim 1, wherein: the rear cavity mirror (1) is a cylindrical plano-concave mirror, the output coupling mirror (7) is a cylindrical meniscus mirror, the rear cavity mirror (1) and the output coupling mirror (7) have curvature in the height direction of the slab crystal, and no curvature exists in the thickness direction of the slab crystal.
3. The liquid-cooled pulsed solid state laser according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: one side of the rear cavity mirror (1) close to the polarizer (2) is plated with a laser reflection film, and one side of the output coupling mirror (7) close to the stepped laser window II (6) is plated with a one-dimensional Gaussian change reflectivity film in the height direction of the slab crystal.
4. The liquid-cooled pulsed solid state laser of claim 1, wherein: the slab crystal is one of a slab Nd-YAG crystal, a Yb-YAG crystal and a Nd-YLF crystal.
5. The liquid-cooled pulsed solid state laser of claim 1, wherein: the slab crystal unit has a thickness of 1-3 mm.
6. The liquid-cooled pulsed solid state laser of claim 1, wherein: the laser gain medium cooling fluid field (12) is less than 1 mm thick.
7. The liquid-cooled pulsed solid state laser of claim 1, wherein: the saturable absorber I (8) and saturable absorberThe body II (13) is Cr4+YAG ceramics, V3+YAG ceramic.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102891432A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-23 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Function-doping based transparent ceramic slab pumping device |
| CN204179477U (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-25 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | A kind of slab laser amplifier |
| CN108110598A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-01 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of slab laser gain module |
| WO2018208688A1 (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-15 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Scaling high-energy pulsed solid-state lasers to high average power |
| CN110086070A (en) * | 2019-05-19 | 2019-08-02 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of high pumping absorbs, the novel sheet laser structure of high-power output |
| CN110444999A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Laser cooling fluids, laser and Q-regulating method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering |
| CN110880672A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-13 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | High repetition frequency large energy nanosecond pulse laser and use method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-07-03 CN CN202010632536.0A patent/CN113889828B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102891432A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2013-01-23 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Function-doping based transparent ceramic slab pumping device |
| CN204179477U (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-25 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | A kind of slab laser amplifier |
| WO2018208688A1 (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-15 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Scaling high-energy pulsed solid-state lasers to high average power |
| CN108110598A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-01 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of slab laser gain module |
| CN110880672A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-13 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | High repetition frequency large energy nanosecond pulse laser and use method thereof |
| CN110086070A (en) * | 2019-05-19 | 2019-08-02 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of high pumping absorbs, the novel sheet laser structure of high-power output |
| CN110444999A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-11-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Laser cooling fluids, laser and Q-regulating method based on stimulated Brillouin scattering |
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