CN113888011A - Environmental assessment method in chicken house based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process - Google Patents

Environmental assessment method in chicken house based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process Download PDF

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CN113888011A
CN113888011A CN202111226976.7A CN202111226976A CN113888011A CN 113888011 A CN113888011 A CN 113888011A CN 202111226976 A CN202111226976 A CN 202111226976A CN 113888011 A CN113888011 A CN 113888011A
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温鹏
李丽华
李若兰
高立艾
贾宇琛
魏子强
尔梦伟
胡霄月
霍利民
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for evaluating environment in a henhouse based on gray correlation analysis and an analytic hierarchy process, which comprises the following steps of: collecting environmental indexes and production performance index data, calculating gray correlation coefficients among the environmental indexes and the production performance indexes, further screening environmental comprehensive evaluation main influence index factors, establishing an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, constructing a judgment matrix according to gray correlation degrees and the analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, calculating the weight of each environmental index factor, considering expert opinions, establishing a grading standard of each environmental factor of the chickens in each stage of a full period range, and evaluating the environment of the henhouse according to the weight of each environmental index factor. The henhouse environment evaluation method based on the grey correlation analysis and the analytic hierarchy process can screen the main influence index factors of the henhouse environment comprehensive evaluation, improves the construction method of the judgment matrix in the analytic hierarchy process by using the grey correlation degree, and eliminates the influence of artificial subjective factors on an evaluation model.

Description

Chicken coop internal environment evaluation method based on grey correlation analysis and analytic hierarchy process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a henhouse internal environment evaluation method based on grey correlation analysis and an analytic hierarchy process.
Background
With the development of chicken raising industry in China, large-scale breeding becomes a trend. The livestock and poultry breeding with standardized scale is proposed in China, and the livestock and poultry breeding is correspondingly transformed by taking the regulation of breeding facility, large-scale production, improved breeding of livestock and poultry, epidemic prevention, no pollution and normalization as the standard. Compared with developed countries, the key difference lies in the aspects of breeding environment, facilities and environment control technology, and moving foreign management measures cannot completely meet the environmental requirements of China, so that the environment control technology of the people is required to be explored on the basis of advanced production equipment. Because the parameters related to the environment of the henhouse are more, an index capable of comprehensively evaluating the environment of the henhouse is needed to help people to evaluate the environment of the henhouse more effectively, and the improvement of a control method of the environment of the henhouse is facilitated.
In recent years, the technology of the internet of things based on 'perception' is rapidly developed and industrialization gradually permeates all industries, the development of agricultural internet of things including the livestock and poultry industry is also very rapid, and the development of the agricultural internet of things is greatly promoted by using a sensor. Environmental monitoring systems based on the internet of things of livestock and poultry have continuously monitored a large amount of field data, such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, ammonia concentration and the like. The problems that the environment in the house is accurately evaluated and reasonably regulated on the basis of analyzing the environmental parameters in the house are faced at present. Barott and the like indicate that the laying hens can maintain the balance of heat production and heat dissipation of the laying hens within the range of 18-26 ℃, namely the temperature of 18-26 ℃ is the temperature which the laying hens feel comfortable. Cerci et al (Cerci, Tath, Azman, & Birben, 2003) consider that 16-25 ℃ is an environmental temperature suitable for growth of laying hens. The Marsden et al (Marsden & Morris, 1987) study showed that the optimum production environment for the laying hens was 21 ℃ and that changing the feed composition above 30 ℃ was not sufficient to counteract the effect of temperature on the laying hens' production.
At present, the research on the evaluation aspect of poultry breeding Welfare is more, and the evaluation methods commonly used internationally mainly comprise Welfare Quality and Assurewel poultry breeding Welfare evaluation systems. However, environmental indicators in the chicken coop are not considered much, and only two environmental indicators, namely ammonia and dust, are involved in an Assurewel welfare evaluation system. On the basis of Duchenyi, Baishibao, Wangqiang, xuanxi and the like, environmental indexes such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, temperature, humidity, wind speed and the like are added in a welfare index evaluation system of the situation of the chicken coop or comprehensive environment evaluation of the chicken coop. However, light and Particulate Matter (PM) in the house are not considered2.5、PM10) And H2S and other environmental factors on poultry breeding. And the selection of the environmental indexes usually depends on personal experience and preference, and only individual environmental indexes are selected for evaluation, thereby influencing the screening of main influence factors of the comprehensive environmental evaluation.
In the existing chicken coop production environment of China, a semi-closed type is mostly adopted in summer, temperature control equipment in the coop mainly uses a fan and a water curtain, and temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and PM are generated in the process of ventilation and cooling2.5The environmental parameters are changed, and particularly, the environmental factors outside the house also have great influence on the environment inside the house. The environmental factors in the henhouse are coupled with each other, so that the complexity of comprehensive evaluation of the henhouse environment is increased, and at the moment, it is necessary to find a main influence factor among the environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to design a henhouse environment evaluation method based on gray correlation analysis and analytic hierarchy process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a henhouse environment evaluation method based on gray correlation analysis and an analytic hierarchy process, which can be used for screening main influence index factors for henhouse environment comprehensive evaluation, improves evaluation accuracy, improves a construction method of a judgment matrix in the analytic hierarchy process by using gray correlation, and eliminates the influence of artificial subjective factors on an evaluation model.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method for evaluating the environment in a henhouse based on grey correlation analysis and an analytic hierarchy process comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting data of environmental indexes and production performance indexes, and calculating a gray correlation coefficient between the environmental indexes and the production performance indexes;
step 2: calculating a gray correlation degree according to the gray correlation coefficient obtained by calculation, and screening an environment comprehensive evaluation main influence index factor according to the gray correlation degree;
and step 3: and establishing an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model according to the main influence index factors of the environment comprehensive evaluation, constructing a judgment matrix according to the gray level correlation degree and the analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, and calculating the weight of each environment index factor.
And 4, step 4: and establishing a grading standard of each environmental factor of the chickens in each stage of the whole period range by considering expert opinions, and evaluating the environment of the henhouse according to the weight of each environmental index factor.
Optionally, in step 1, data of the environmental index and the production performance index are collected, and a gray correlation between the environmental index and the production performance index is calculated, specifically:
collecting environmental index and production performance index data, wherein the environmental index comprises the air quality in the house, the temperature in the house, the humidity in the house, the noise in the house, the light in the house and the environment outside the house, and the air quality in the house comprises the carbon dioxide content, the total number of bacterial colonies in the air, the ammonia content, the hydrogen sulfide content, the PM2.5Content and PM10The content, house internal noise include noise frequency and noise decibel, house internal light line includes illuminance and light colour temperature, house external environment includes house external temperature, house external humidity house external wind speed and house external illuminance, production performance index includes dead panningRate, broiler weight, shin length, laying rate;
taking the environmental index as a reference sequence reflecting the behavior characteristics of the system and marking as X0Namely:
X0＝[X0(1),X0(2),...,X0(k)] (1)
in the formula, k is the serial number of the environmental index factor of the single henhouse, and the production performance index is used as a comparative sequence influencing the system behavior and is marked as XiNamely:
Xi＝[Xi(1),Xi(2),...,Xi(k)] (2)
in the formula, k is the serial number of the performance index factor of a single chicken;
will refer to the number sequence X0And comparing the series XiPerforming dimensionless processing, and calculating reference number sequence X after the processing is completed0And comparing the series XiThe absolute difference of (a), namely:
Δi(k)＝|X0(k)-Xi(k)| (3)
in the formula,. DELTA.i(k) Is a reference number sequence X0And comparing the series XiAbsolute difference at kth index factor;
calculating a gray correlation coefficient according to the absolute difference value, wherein the gray correlation coefficient is as follows:
Figure BDA0003314481170000031
in the formula, xii(k) Is a reference number sequence X0And comparing the series XiGrey correlation coefficient at kth index factor, minmin Δi(k) Is a second order minimum difference, maxmax Δi(k) And p is a resolution coefficient, and is taken as 0.5.
Optionally, reference number sequence X0And comparing the series XiPerforming dimensionless treatment, specifically:
reference number sequence X based on normalization transformation method, exponential transformation method or segmentation grading transformation method0And comparing the series XiTo carry outAnd (5) performing dimensionalization processing.
Optionally, in step 2, the gray correlation coefficient is calculated according to the calculated gray correlation coefficient, and the environmental comprehensive evaluation main influence index factor is screened according to the gray correlation coefficient, specifically:
calculating the gray correlation degree according to the calculated gray correlation coefficient as follows:
Figure BDA0003314481170000041
in the formula, RiFor comparison of sequences XiFor reference sequence X0Degree of gray correlation of, ωiThe weight of the grey correlation coefficient is obtained, N is the number of the environment index factors, and the grey correlation degree R is obtainediSorting the values of the parameters from large to small, eliminating environmental index factors which have little influence on production performance indexes, and screening the main influence index factors for comprehensive evaluation of the environment in the henhouse.
Optionally, in step 3, an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model is established according to the environmental comprehensive evaluation main influence index factors, a judgment matrix is constructed according to the gray level correlation degree and the analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, and the weight of each environmental index factor is calculated, specifically:
establishing an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, which comprises a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer, wherein the criterion layer is an environment index and specifically comprises a house air quality, a house temperature, a house humidity, a house noise, a house light and a house external environment, the index layer is an environment index factor corresponding to the environment index of the criterion layer, the house air quality in the criterion layer comprises a carbon dioxide content, a colony total number in the air, an ammonia content, a hydrogen sulfide content, a PM2.5 content and a PM10 content, the house noise comprises a noise frequency and a noise decibel, the house light comprises a light illumination and a light color temperature, the house external environment comprises a house external temperature, a house external humidity, a house external wind speed and a house external light illumination, and the target layer represents a final evaluation result;
according to the gray correlation degree obtained by calculation and an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, the gray correlation degree of each environment index factor is compared pairwise at the same level, and the difference of the gray correlation degrees of each environment index factor is calculated, namely:
Δij＝ai-aj (6)
in the formula,. DELTA.ijGrey correlation a being an environmental index factor iiGrey correlation a with environmental index factor jjDifference of when ΔijWhen the gray level is greater than 0, i.e. the gray level of the environment index factor iiDegree of grey correlation a to environmental index factor jjMore importantly, will beijMapping to a nine-level scale range yields:
Figure BDA0003314481170000042
in the formula, max ΔijIs the maximum value of gray correlation degree of the same group of environment index factors, m is a scale range, 9 is taken, a isijRounding off and calculating the corresponding ajiObtaining:
Figure BDA0003314481170000043
according to aijAnd ajiThe judgment matrix of the layer is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003314481170000051
calculating the eigenvalue and the eigenvector of the judgment matrix according to the judgment matrix, and calculating the following formula according to the eigenvalue and the eigenvector:
RW＝λmaxW (10)
in the formula, λmaxIn order to judge the maximum characteristic value of the matrix, normalizing the obtained W to obtain the weight of the corresponding environment index factor;
and calculating a random consistency ratio CR according to the judgment matrix, judging that the judgment matrix R has acceptable consistency when CR is less than 0.10, and otherwise, adjusting and correcting the judgment matrix R.
Optionally, in step 4, expert opinions are considered to establish scoring standards of all environmental factors of the chickens in all stages of the whole period range, and then the environment of the henhouse is evaluated according to the weight of all environmental index factors, specifically:
according to the weight of each environmental index factor, combining with the expert opinions, establishing a grading standard of each environmental factor of the chickens in the whole period range according to the variety of the chickens, the climate type of the geographical position of the chicken house and the season of the chicken house during evaluation, and evaluating the environment of the chicken house.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the method combines a gray correlation analysis method and an analytic hierarchy process, improves artificial subjective assignment to weight in the analytic hierarchy process by using the gray correlation analysis method, eliminates the influence of artificial subjective factors on an evaluation model, enables the evaluation model to be more objective and reasonable, screens main influence index factors for comprehensive evaluation of the environment in the henhouse by using the gray correlation analysis method, and rejects environmental indexes which have little influence on production performance indexes; the method comprises the steps of collecting environmental index and production performance index data, calculating a gray correlation coefficient between the environmental index and the production performance index, calculating a gray correlation degree according to the calculated gray correlation coefficient, screening environmental comprehensive evaluation main influence index factors according to the gray correlation degree, establishing an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model according to the environmental comprehensive evaluation main influence index factors, constructing a judgment matrix according to the gray correlation degree and the analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, calculating the weight of each environmental index factor, establishing a grading standard of each environmental factor of the chickens in each stage of the whole period range according to the weight of each environmental index factor and expert opinions, and evaluating the environment of the henhouse.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the environment in a chicken coop based on gray correlation analysis and an analytic hierarchy process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a henhouse environment evaluation method based on gray correlation analysis and an analytic hierarchy process, which can be used for screening main influence index factors for henhouse environment comprehensive evaluation, improves evaluation accuracy, improves a construction method of a judgment matrix in the analytic hierarchy process by using gray correlation, and eliminates the influence of artificial subjective factors on an evaluation model.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for evaluating an environment in a chicken coop based on gray correlation analysis and an analytic hierarchy process provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1: collecting data of environmental indexes and production performance indexes, and calculating a gray correlation coefficient between the environmental indexes and the production performance indexes;
step 2: calculating a gray correlation degree according to the gray correlation coefficient obtained by calculation, and screening an environment comprehensive evaluation main influence index factor according to the gray correlation degree;
and step 3: and establishing an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model according to the main influence index factors of the environment comprehensive evaluation, constructing a judgment matrix according to the gray level correlation degree and the analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, and calculating the weight of each environment index factor.
And 4, step 4: and establishing a grading standard of each environmental factor of the chickens in each stage of the whole period range by considering expert opinions, and evaluating the environment of the henhouse according to the weight of each environmental index factor.
In step 1, collecting data of environmental indexes and production performance indexes, and calculating gray correlation between the environmental indexes and the production performance indexes, specifically:
collecting environmental indexes and production performance index data, wherein the environmental indexes comprise the air quality in the house, the temperature in the house, the humidity in the house, the noise in the house, the light in the house and the environment outside the house, the air quality in the house comprises the carbon dioxide content, the total number of bacterial colonies in the air, the ammonia content, the hydrogen sulfide content, the PM2.5 content and the PM10 content, the noise in the house comprises the noise frequency and the noise decibel, the light in the house comprises the illumination and the light color temperature, the environment outside the house comprises the temperature outside the house, the humidity outside the house and the illumination outside the house, and the production performance indexes comprise the death and culling rate, the weight of broiler chickens, the length of shin bones and the laying rate of laying hens;
the henhouse can be regarded as a typical grey system, the system input quantity is each environmental index, the system output quantity is the production performance index of the chicken, the stress response of the chicken is not suitable to be excessively increased, the production performance index of the chicken cannot be acquired in real time, and the acquisition work of the production performance index of the chicken can be carried out at 8 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 35 days and 43 days;
the grey correlation analysis method is an analysis method of grey system theory, is applicable regardless of the sample size and the irregularity, and has the idea that all factors are drawn into a sequence curve, the correlation degree of all factors is obtained through the similarity degree of the geometric shapes of the factors, the closer the shapes of the curves are, the greater the correlation of the corresponding judged sequences is, the method is mainly used for the conditions that the data is less, and the main factors and the secondary factors are difficult to distinguish, the grey correlation analysis method is used for the invention, and the basic operation steps are as follows:
determining a reference array reflecting system behavior characteristics and influencing systemComparison sequence of behaviors, taking environmental index as reference sequence and recording as X0Namely:
X0＝[X0(1),X0(2),...,X0(k)] (1)
in the formula, k is the serial number of the environmental index factor of the single henhouse, and the production performance index is taken as a comparison serial number and is marked as XiNamely:
Xi＝[Xi(1),Xi(2),...,Xi(k)] (2)
in the formula, k is the serial number of the performance index factor of a single chicken;
will refer to the number sequence X0And comparing the series XiPerforming dimensionless processing, and calculating reference number sequence X after the processing is completed0And comparing the series XiThe absolute difference of (a), namely:
Δi(k)＝|X0(k)-Xi(k)| (3)
in the formula,. DELTA.i(k) Is a reference number sequence X0And comparing the series XiAbsolute difference at kth index factor;
the grey correlation coefficient is an expression form of correlation in grey theory, the correlation substantially refers to the difference degree of geometric shapes between curves, therefore, the difference value between the curves can be used as a size for measuring the correlation degree, in the grey correlation analysis method, the correlation coefficient is the geometric distance between each time point of a reference number sequence and a comparison sequence, the larger the value of the correlation coefficient is, the larger the correlation degree of the two index number sequences on corresponding indexes is, the grey correlation coefficient is calculated according to the absolute difference value, and is:
Figure BDA0003314481170000081
in the formula, xii(k) Is a reference number sequence X0And comparing the series XiGrey correlation coefficient at kth index factor, minmin Δi(k) Is a second order minimum difference, maxmax Δi(k) The rho is a second-order maximum difference and is a resolution coefficient, and the rho is 0.5 in the method.
Will refer to the number sequence X0And comparing the series XiPerforming dimensionless treatment, specifically:
because each index has difference in meaning, content, value standard and the like, the dimension of data is generally different and is inconvenient for uniform comparison, so in order to make the index comparable, in the application of a grey correlation method, the data is generally subjected to dimensionless processing, the respective effective factors of each data are eliminated, the data are converted into the standard order-magnitude dimensionless data under uniform scale, and the indexes are convenient to compare and analyze0And comparing the series XiAnd carrying out dimensionless treatment.
In step 2, calculating a gray correlation degree according to the calculated gray correlation coefficient, and screening an environment comprehensive evaluation main influence index factor according to the gray correlation degree, specifically:
because the gray correlation coefficient is the correlation degree of the reference sequence and the comparison sequence and is the correlation degree at different time points, the correlation coefficient is more than one, is distributed and is not uniformly compared, the gray correlation degree is a value obtained by concentrating the correlation coefficients, and can reflect the correlation degree of the reference sequence and other indexes as a whole through a certain method, the larger the gray correlation degree value is, the stronger the correlation is, and the gray correlation degree is calculated according to the calculated gray correlation coefficient:
Figure BDA0003314481170000082
in the formula, RiFor comparison of sequences XiFor reference sequence X0Degree of gray correlation of, ωiThe weight of the grey correlation coefficient is obtained, N is the number of the environment index factors, and the grey correlation degree R is obtainediThe values of the parameters are sorted from large to small, environmental index factors which have little influence on production performance indexes are removed, and the main influence index factors of the environment in the henhouse are comprehensively evaluatedAnd (4) screening.
In step 3, an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model is established according to the environmental comprehensive evaluation main influence index factors, a judgment matrix is constructed according to the gray level correlation degree and the analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, and the weight of each environmental index factor is calculated, specifically:
as shown in fig. 2, the henhouse environment evaluation indexes are divided according to different attributes of the henhouse environment evaluation indexes, an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model is established, the henhouse environment evaluation model comprises a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer, wherein the criterion layer is an environment index and specifically comprises the air quality in the henhouse, the temperature in the henhouse, the humidity in the henhouse, the noise in the henhouse, the light in the henhouse and the environment outside the henhouse, the index layer is an environment index factor corresponding to the environment index of the criterion layer, wherein the air quality in the henhouse in the criterion layer comprises the carbon dioxide content, the colony total number in the air, the ammonia content, the hydrogen sulfide content, the PM2.5 content and the PM10 content, the noise in the henhouse comprises the noise frequency and the noise decibel, the light line in the henhouse comprises the illuminance and the light color temperature, the environment outside environment comprises the temperature outside the henhouse, the humidity outside the henhouse wind speed and the outside light illuminance, and the henhouse environment outside the henhouse in autumn, the henhouse environment factor in the henhouse has a large influence on the henhouse environment in the henhouse due to the adoption of a semi-closed management, therefore, the standard layer and the index layer contain the environment outside the henhouse, if the henhouse adopts closed management in winter and the influence of the environment factors outside the henhouse on the environment inside the henhouse is less, the environment outside the henhouse in the standard layer and the index layer can be removed during evaluation, and the target layer represents the final result of the evaluation;
after an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model is established, the membership relationship between upper and lower elements is determined, the upper element is used as a criterion, two-two comparison is carried out on the lower element to construct a judgment matrix, the current analytic hierarchy process constructs the judgment matrix, a nine-level scale method is mostly used, namely a nine-level scale is constructed between the most important index and the least important index according to the importance degree, two-two comparison is carried out on the evaluation indexes by experts, and subjective assignment is carried out to construct the judgment matrix, wherein the specific table is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 nine scale method
Figure BDA0003314481170000091
Figure BDA0003314481170000101
In order to overcome the defect that subjective factors have a large influence on an evaluation result, the method adopts a gray relevance improvement judgment matrix construction method of each environmental index factor, and since the gray relevance of each environmental index factor reflects the importance degree of each environmental index factor on production performance indexes, the gray relevance of each environmental index factor is compared pairwise, and the difference value is mapped into the scale range, and the specific method is as follows:
according to the gray correlation degree obtained by calculation and an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, the gray correlation degree of each environment index factor is compared pairwise at the same level, and the difference of the gray correlation degrees of each environment index factor is calculated, namely:
Δij＝ai-aj (6)
in the formula,. DELTA.ijGrey correlation a being an environmental index factor iiGrey correlation a with environmental index factor jjDifference of when ΔijWhen the gray level is greater than 0, i.e. the gray level of the environment index factor iiDegree of grey correlation a to environmental index factor jjMore importantly, will beijMapping to a nine-level scale range yields:
Figure BDA0003314481170000102
in the formula, max ΔijM is the maximum value of gray correlation of the same group of environmental index factors, m is the scale range, so the analytic hierarchy process adopts a nine-level scale method, so m is 9, and a isijRounding off and calculating the corresponding ajiObtaining:
Figure BDA0003314481170000103
according to aijAnd ajiThe judgment matrix of the layer is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003314481170000104
calculating the eigenvalue and the eigenvector of the judgment matrix according to the judgment matrix, and calculating the following formula according to the eigenvalue and the eigenvector:
RW＝λmaxW (10)
in the formula, λmaxIn order to judge the maximum characteristic value of the matrix, normalizing the obtained W to obtain the weight of the corresponding environment index factor;
in order to ensure the reasonability of the results, consistency check is also needed. And introducing a random consistency ratio CR in the analytic hierarchy process, calculating the random consistency ratio CR according to a judgment matrix, judging that the matrix R has acceptable consistency when the CR is less than 0.10, and otherwise, adjusting and correcting the judgment matrix R.
In step 4, establishing a grading standard of each environmental factor of the chickens in each stage of the whole period range by considering expert opinions, and evaluating the environment of the henhouse according to the weight of each environmental index factor, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the chickens of different ages in days have different requirements on the environment, and according to the calculated weight values of the environmental index factors and the expert opinions, the evaluation standards of all the environmental factors of the chickens in the whole period range are established according to the varieties of the chickens, the climate types of the geographical positions of the chicken houses and the seasons of the chickens during evaluation, so that the environment of the chicken houses is evaluated.
The method combines a gray correlation analysis method and an analytic hierarchy process, improves artificial subjective assignment to weight in the analytic hierarchy process by using the gray correlation analysis method, eliminates the influence of artificial subjective factors on an evaluation model, enables the evaluation model to be more objective and reasonable, screens main influence index factors for comprehensive evaluation of the environment in the henhouse by using the gray correlation analysis method, and rejects environmental indexes which have little influence on production performance indexes; the method comprises the steps of collecting environmental index and production performance index data, calculating a gray correlation coefficient between the environmental index and the production performance index, calculating a gray correlation degree according to the calculated gray correlation coefficient, screening environmental comprehensive evaluation main influence index factors according to the gray correlation degree, establishing an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model according to the environmental comprehensive evaluation main influence index factors, constructing a judgment matrix according to the gray correlation degree and the analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, calculating the weight of each environmental index factor, establishing a grading standard of each environmental factor of the chickens in each stage of a whole period range by considering expert opinions, and evaluating the environment of the henhouse according to the weight of each environmental index factor.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种基于灰色关联分析和层次分析法的鸡舍内环境评价方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1. a method for evaluating the environment in a chicken house based on grey relational analysis and AHP, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 步骤1：采集环境指标及生产性能指标数据，并计算环境指标及生产性能指标间的灰色关联系数；Step 1: collect the data of environmental indicators and production performance indicators, and calculate the gray correlation coefficient between the environmental indicators and production performance indicators; 步骤2：根据计算得到的灰色关联系数计算灰色关联度，根据灰色关联度筛选环境综合评价主要影响指标因子；Step 2: Calculate the grey relational degree according to the calculated grey relational coefficient, and screen the main influencing index factors of the comprehensive environmental evaluation according to the grey relational degree; 步骤3：根据环境综合评价主要影响指标因子建立层次分析法评价模型，根据灰度关联度及层次分析法评价模型构造判断矩阵，并计算各环境指标因子的权重。Step 3: Establish an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model according to the main impact index factors of the comprehensive environmental evaluation, construct a judgment matrix according to the gray level correlation and the analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, and calculate the weight of each environmental index factor. 步骤4：考虑专家意见建立全周期范围各阶段内鸡只各环境因素评分标准，再根据各环境指标因子的权重对鸡舍环境进行评价。Step 4: Consider expert opinions to establish a scoring standard for each environmental factor of chickens in each stage of the whole cycle, and then evaluate the chicken house environment according to the weight of each environmental index factor. 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于灰色关联分析和层次分析法的鸡舍内环境评价方法，其特征在于，步骤1中，采集环境指标及生产性能指标数据，并计算环境指标及生产性能指标间的灰色关联度，具体为：2. the method for evaluating the environment in the chicken house based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1, collects environmental index and production performance index data, and calculates environmental index and production performance index The grey correlation degree between , specifically: 采集环境指标及生产性能指标数据，其中，环境指标包括舍内空气质量、舍内温度、舍内湿度、舍内噪声、舍内光线及舍外环境，舍内空气质量包括二氧化碳含量、空气中菌落总数、氨气含量、硫化氢含量、PM2.5含量及PM10含量，舍内噪声包括噪声频率及噪声分贝，舍内光线包括光照度及光线色温，舍外环境包括舍外温度、舍外湿度舍外风速及舍外光照度，生产性能指标包括死淘率、肉鸡重量、胫骨长度、蛋鸡产蛋率；Collect data on environmental indicators and production performance indicators. Among them, environmental indicators include indoor air quality, indoor temperature, indoor humidity, indoor noise, indoor light and outdoor environment, and indoor air quality includes carbon dioxide content, air bacteria colonies Total number, ammonia gas content, hydrogen sulfide content, PM 2.5 content and PM 10 content, the noise in the house includes the noise frequency and noise decibel, the light in the house includes the illuminance and light color temperature, and the environment outside the house includes the temperature outside the house and the humidity outside the house. Wind speed and light intensity outside the house, production performance indicators include dead panning rate, broiler weight, tibia length, laying hen egg production rate; 将环境指标作为反应系统行为特征的参考数列，记为X0，即：Take the environmental index as the reference sequence of the behavioral characteristics of the reaction system, denoted as X 0 , namely: X0＝[X0(1),X0(2),...,X0(k)] (1)X 0 =[X 0 (1),X 0 (2),...,X 0 (k)] (1) 式中，k为单项鸡舍环境指标因子的序号，将生产性能指标作为影响系统行为的比较数列，记为Xi，即：In the formula, k is the serial number of a single chicken house environmental index factor, and the production performance index is used as a comparison sequence that affects the behavior of the system, denoted as X i , namely: Xi＝[Xi(1),Xi(2),...,Xi(k)] (2)X i =[X i (1),X i (2),...,X i (k)] (2) 式中，k为单项鸡只生产性能指标因子的序号；In the formula, k is the serial number of the individual chicken production performance index factor; 将参考数列X0及比较数列Xi进行无量纲化处理，处理完毕后，计算参考数列X0及比较数列Xi的绝对差值，即：The reference sequence X 0 and the comparison sequence X i are subjected to dimensionless processing, and after the processing is completed, the absolute difference between the reference sequence X 0 and the comparison sequence X i is calculated, that is: Δi(k)＝|X0(k)-Xi(k)| (3)Δ i (k)=|X 0 (k)-X i (k)| (3) 式中，Δi(k)为参考数列X0与比较数列Xi在第k个指标因子处的绝对差值；In the formula, Δ i (k) is the absolute difference between the reference sequence X 0 and the comparison sequence X i at the kth index factor; 根据绝对差值计算灰色关联系数，为：Calculate the gray correlation coefficient according to the absolute difference, which is:
Figure FDA0003314481160000021
Figure FDA0003314481160000021
 式中，ξi(k)为参考数列X0与比较数列Xi在第k个指标因子处的灰色关联系数，minminΔi(k)为二级最小差，maxmaxΔi(k)为二级最大差，ρ为分辨系数，取0.5。In the formula, ξ i (k) is the gray correlation coefficient between the reference sequence X 0 and the comparison sequence X i at the k-th index factor, minminΔ i (k) is the second-level minimum difference, and maxmaxΔ i (k) is the second-level maximum difference, ρ is the resolution coefficient, which is 0.5. 3.根据权利要求2所述的基于灰色关联分析和层次分析法的鸡舍内环境评价方法，其特征在于，将参考数列X0及比较数列Xi进行无量纲化处理，具体为：3. the method for evaluating the environment in the chicken house based on grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the reference sequence X 0 and the comparison sequence X i are carried out dimensionless processing, be specially: 基于规格化变换方法、指数化变换方法或分段打分变换方法对参考数列X0及比较数列Xi进行无量纲化处理。The reference sequence X 0 and the comparison sequence X i are subjected to dimensionless processing based on the normalization transformation method, the exponential transformation method or the piecewise scoring transformation method. 4.根据权利要求3所述的基于灰色关联分析和层次分析法的鸡舍内环境评价方法，其特征在于，步骤2中，根据计算得到的灰色关联系数计算灰色关联度，根据灰色关联度筛选环境综合评价主要影响指标因子，具体为：4. The method for evaluating the environment in the chicken house based on grey relational analysis and AHP according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in step 2, calculate grey relational degree according to the grey relational coefficient obtained by calculation, filter according to grey relational degree The main impact index factors of comprehensive environmental assessment are as follows: 根据计算得到的灰色关联系数，计算灰色关联度为：According to the calculated gray correlation coefficient, the calculated gray correlation degree is:
Figure FDA0003314481160000022
Figure FDA0003314481160000022
 式中，Ri为比较序列Xi对参考序列X0的灰色关联度，ωi为灰色关联系数的权重，N为环境指标因子的个数，根据灰色关联度Ri的值由大到小排序，剔除对生产性能指标影响不大的环境指标因子，进行鸡舍内环境综合评价主要影响指标因子的筛选。In the formula, R i is the gray correlation degree of the comparison sequence X i to the reference sequence X 0 , ω i is the weight of the gray correlation coefficient, N is the number of environmental index factors, according to the value of the gray correlation degree R i is from large to small. Sorting, eliminating the environmental index factors that have little effect on the production performance index, and screening the main influencing index factors of the comprehensive evaluation of the internal environment of the chicken house. 5.根据权利要求4所述的基于灰色关联分析和层次分析法的鸡舍内环境评价方法，其特征在于，步骤3中，根据环境综合评价主要影响指标因子建立层次分析法评价模型，根据灰度关联度及层次分析法评价模型构造判断矩阵，并计算各环境指标因子的权重，具体为：5. The method for evaluating the environment in the chicken house based on grey relational analysis and AHP according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step 3, an AHP evaluation model is established according to the main influence index factors of comprehensive environmental evaluation, and an AHP evaluation model is established according to the grey The degree of correlation and the AHP evaluation model are used to construct a judgment matrix, and calculate the weight of each environmental index factor, specifically: 建立层次分析法评价模型，包括目标层、准则层及指标层，其中，准则层为环境指标，具体包括舍内空气质量、舍内温度、舍内湿度、舍内噪声、舍内光线及舍外环境，指标层为与准则层的环境指标相对应的环境指标因子，其中，准则层中的舍内空气质量包括二氧化碳含量、空气中菌落总数、氨气含量、硫化氢含量、PM2.5含量及PM10含量，舍内噪声包括噪声频率及噪声分贝，舍内光线包括光照度及光线色温，舍外环境包括舍外温度、舍外湿度舍外风速及舍外光照度，目标层表示评价的最终结果；Establish an analytic hierarchy process evaluation model, including target layer, criterion layer and index layer. The criterion layer is the environmental index, which includes air quality in the house, temperature in the house, humidity in the house, noise in the house, light in the house and outside the house. Environment, the index layer is the environmental index factor corresponding to the environmental index of the criterion layer. The air quality in the criterion layer includes the carbon dioxide content, the total number of bacterial colonies in the air, the ammonia content, the hydrogen sulfide content, the PM 2.5 content and the PM 10 content, the noise in the house includes the noise frequency and noise decibel, the light in the house includes the illuminance and light color temperature, the environment outside the house includes the temperature outside the house, the humidity outside the house and the wind speed outside the house and the illuminance outside the house, and the target layer represents the final result of the evaluation; 根据计算得到的灰色关联度及层次分析法评价模型，在同一层级两两比较各环境指标因子的灰色关联度大小，计算各环境指标因子的灰色关联度之差，即：According to the calculated grey relational degree and the AHP evaluation model, compare the grey relational degree of each environmental index factor pairwise at the same level, and calculate the difference of the grey relational degree of each environmental index factor, namely: Δij＝ai-aj (6) Δij = a i -a j (6) 式中，Δij为环境指标因子i的灰色关联度ai与环境指标因子j的灰色关联度aj之差，当Δij大于0时，即环境指标因子i的灰色关联度ai比环境指标因子j的灰色关联度aj更重要，将Δij映射至九级标度范围，得到：In the formula, Δij is the difference between the grey relational degree a i of the environmental index factor i and the grey relational degree a j of the environmental index factor j. When Δij is greater than 0, the grey relational degree a i of the environmental index factor i is higher than that of the environment. The gray correlation degree a j of the index factor j is more important, and Δij is mapped to the nine-level scale range to get:
Figure FDA0003314481160000031
Figure FDA0003314481160000031
 式中，maxΔij为同组环境指标因子的灰色关联度的极大值，m为标度范围，取9，将aij按四舍五入取整，并计算相应的aji得到：In the formula, maxΔ ij is the maximum value of the gray correlation degree of the same group of environmental index factors, m is the scale range, take 9, round a ij to the nearest integer, and calculate the corresponding a ji to get:
Figure FDA0003314481160000032
Figure FDA0003314481160000032
 根据aij及aji得到该层次的判断矩阵为：According to a ij and a ji , the judgment matrix of this level is obtained as:
Figure FDA0003314481160000033
Figure FDA0003314481160000033
 根据判断矩阵，计算判断矩阵的特征值与特征向量，根据特征值及特征向量，计算下列公式：According to the judgment matrix, calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the judgment matrix, and calculate the following formulas according to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors: RW＝λmaxW (10)RW=λ max W (10) 式中，λmax为判断矩阵的最大特征值，对得到的W进行归一化处理，得到对应的环境指标因子的权值；In the formula, λ max is the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix, and the obtained W is normalized to obtain the weight of the corresponding environmental index factor; 根据判断矩阵计算随机一致性比率CR，当CR<0.10时，判断矩阵R具有可接受的一致性，否则，对判断矩阵R进行调整和修正。The random consistency ratio CR is calculated according to the judgment matrix. When CR<0.10, the judgment matrix R has acceptable consistency, otherwise, the judgment matrix R is adjusted and corrected. 6.根据权利要求5所述的基于灰色关联分析和层次分析法的鸡舍内环境评价方法，其特征在于，步骤4中，考虑专家意见建立全周期范围各阶段内鸡只各环境因素评分标准，再根据各环境指标因子的权重对鸡舍环境进行评价，具体为：6. The method for evaluating the environment in the chicken house based on grey relational analysis and AHP according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step 4, considering the expert opinion to establish the scoring standard for each environmental factor of chickens in each stage of the whole cycle range , and then evaluate the chicken house environment according to the weight of each environmental index factor, specifically: 根据各环境指标因子的权值，结合专家意见，根据鸡只的品种、鸡舍所处地理位置的气候类型及评估时所处的季节，建立全周期范围内鸡只各环境因素评分标准，对鸡舍环境进行评价。According to the weights of each environmental index factor, combined with expert opinions, according to the breed of chickens, the climate type of the geographic location of the chicken house, and the season in which the assessment is made, a scoring standard for each environmental factor of chickens in the whole cycle is established. Evaluate the chicken house environment.
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