CN113887962B

CN113887962B - Method for identifying, preventing and controlling construction operation risk of reconstruction and expansion expressway road

Info

Publication number: CN113887962B
Application number: CN202111172510.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟祥海; 张瑜荣; 张明扬; 邱志雄; 黄兰
Original assignee: Harbin Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Harbin Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2021-10-08
Filing date: 2021-10-08
Publication date: 2024-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-08
Also published as: CN113887962A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for identifying, preventing and controlling construction risks of a reconstruction expressway road, and relates to a method for identifying, preventing and controlling construction risks of a reconstruction expressway road. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing method has low accuracy in identifying the risks of construction operations of the reconstruction and expansion expressway and cannot provide a correct prevention and control method. The construction risk identification method for the reconstruction and expansion highway road comprises the following steps: carrying out the identification and classification of the risk factors of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; carrying out investigation on risk factors of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; carrying out construction risk quantification of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; constructing and analyzing a reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk model; and (5) summarizing analysis results. The risk prevention and control method for the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway is used for making accident prevention countermeasures and measures according to a risk identification method. The invention is used in the field of expressway road construction.

Description

Method for identifying, preventing and controlling construction operation risk of reconstruction and expansion expressway road

Technical Field

The invention relates to a risk identification, prevention and control method for construction operation of a reconstruction expressway.

Background

Along with the rapid development of economy in various places in recent years, traffic flow is greatly increased, and expressways and auxiliary facilities thereof built earlier in many cities gradually cannot meet development demands, but expressway reconstruction and expansion projects gradually enter into peak periods of construction due to the advantages of small occupied area, small pollution, resource saving and the like. However, the safety problem of construction operation in the reconstruction and expansion construction period is also accompanied by the problems of improper operation of construction equipment, insufficient arrangement of safety protection facilities, collision between construction machinery, personnel and running vehicles and the like, so that the safety accidents of road construction operation in the reconstruction and expansion construction period are frequent. Therefore, analyzing the occurrence cause of the construction accident of the reconstruction and expansion highway road is not only of great significance to the improvement of traffic safety, but also an urgent research task. The accident cause analysis principle mainly comprises a single event principle, an event chain principle, a determinant principle, a multi-event chain principle, a multi-linear event sequence principle and the like. Among these, the multiple event chain principle considers that if there is a path for an accident to occur (i.e., a multi-branched event chain), the accident is likely to occur. The principle carries out safety analysis on an accident from the perspective of the whole system, considers more comprehensive factors, pays attention to various possible accident occurrence paths and predicts the occurrence probability of the accident, and has better application range and development prospect. The accident cause analysis method based on the multi-event chain principle mainly comprises a fault tree analysis method, an event tree analysis method and a bowknot analysis method. Among them, the event tree analysis method and the bowknot analysis method are relatively difficult to analyze due to the difficulty in acquiring partial data. The fault tree analysis method is a logic tree diagram representing the accident occurrence cause and the logic relation thereof, and aims to find out the basic cause, the occurrence path and the occurrence probability of the accident. The foreign fault tree analysis method is firstly applied to reliability analysis of a telephone dialing automatic control system, and then gradually relates to the fields of aerospace, chemical industry, construction, machinery, traffic and the like. The domestic fault tree is mainly used for risk assessment, fault diagnosis and the like, the application of the traffic field is still in the primary stage, and the fault tree is not used for risk analysis of construction operation of reconstruction and expansion of expressway roads.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing method has low accuracy in identifying the risks of construction operations of the reconstruction and expansion expressway and cannot give a correct prevention and control method, and provides the risk identification and prevention and control method for the construction operations of the reconstruction and expansion expressway.

The method for identifying the construction risk of the reconstruction and expansion highway road comprises the following steps:

Step one: carrying out the identification and classification of the risk factors of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; the specific process is as follows:

The construction risk factors of the reconstruction expressway are divided into roadbed construction risk factors, pavement construction risk factors and bridge and culvert construction risk factors;

identifying risk factors of roadbed construction operation: the risk factors for roadbed construction operation comprise potential safety hazards of roadbed construction equipment, artificial risks in the roadbed construction process, natural risks in the roadbed construction process and social risks in the roadbed construction process;

And (3) identifying risk factors of pavement construction operation: the risk factors for road construction operation comprise potential safety hazards of road construction equipment, artificial risks in the road construction process, natural risks in the road construction process and social risks in the road construction process;

identifying risk factors of bridge and culvert construction operation: the bridge and culvert construction operation risk factors comprise potential safety hazards of bridge and culvert construction equipment, artificial risks in the bridge and culvert construction process, natural risks in the bridge and culvert construction process and social risks in the bridge and culvert construction process;

step two: carrying out investigation on risk factors of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; step three: carrying out construction risk quantification of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; step four: constructing and analyzing a reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk model; and (5) summarizing the risk identification analysis results of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway road.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

The invention recognizes and classifies the risk factors of the construction operation of the reconstruction expressway, provides a investigation and quantification method of the risk of the construction operation of the road, and lays a foundation for analyzing the cause of the risk of the construction operation of the road by adopting a multi-event chain principle; the invention builds a construction risk identification model of the reconstruction expressway based on the identification and classification of the construction risk factors of the reconstruction expressway according to the multi-event chain principle, and performs qualitative and quantitative analysis to obtain main risk inducements in construction operations of roadbed engineering, pavement engineering and bridge and culvert engineering and obtain an internal mechanism of the occurrence of the construction risk of the expressway; the invention provides accident prevention measures and safety improvement measures for construction operation in the reconstruction and expansion construction period of the expressway based on the identification and analysis of the construction operation risk of the reconstruction and expansion expressway.

The invention provides a reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk factor identification and classification model, and mainly analyzes possible risk factors in roadbed engineering, pavement engineering and bridge and culvert engineering construction operations from 4 aspects of potential safety hazards of construction equipment, artificial risks in the construction process, natural risks in the construction process and social risks in the construction process. The invention provides a method for investigating risk of construction operation of a reconstruction expressway, which is based on identification and classification of risk factors of construction operation in a reconstruction and expansion construction period, adopts a wheat passenger CRM questionnaire investigation system to design, recover and count risk factor questionnaires of roadbed construction, pavement construction and bridge and culvert construction operation, and provides design examples. The invention provides a method for quantifying the risks of construction operations of a reconstruction and expansion highway road, and obtains the basic probability of each risk factor of the construction operations in the reconstruction and expansion construction period. The invention provides a total risk model for construction operation of a reconstruction expressway and an analysis method thereof, which comprise qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis from a top event to a basic event and quantitative analysis from the basic event to the top event. The invention builds and analyzes the roadbed, road surface and bridge and culvert construction operation risk sub-model to obtain the risk occurrence path (namely accident chain) and occurrence probability thereof. The invention summarizes main risk inducement of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway and gives accident prevention measures and measures in the reconstruction and expansion construction period.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for implementing the present invention; FIG. 2 is an interface diagram of a wheat passenger CRM construction job risk questionnaire system; FIG. 3a is a diagram of a risk factor questionnaire interface section 1 for a roadbed construction operation; FIG. 3b is a diagram of a risk factor questionnaire interface section 2 for a roadbed construction operation; FIG. 3c is a diagram of a risk factor questionnaire interface section 3 for a roadbed construction operation;

FIG. 4a is a diagram of a pavement construction work risk factor questionnaire interface section 1; FIG. 4b is a diagram of a pavement construction work risk factor questionnaire interface portion 2; FIG. 4c is a diagram of a pavement construction work risk factor questionnaire interface portion 3; FIG. 4d is a diagram of a pavement construction work risk factor questionnaire interface portion 4; FIG. 5a is a diagram of a bridge construction work risk factor questionnaire section 1; FIG. 5b is a diagram of a risk factor questionnaire section 2 for bridge construction operations; FIG. 5c is a diagram of a risk factor questionnaire section 3 of a bridge construction operation; FIG. 5d is a diagram of a risk factor questionnaire section 4 of a bridge construction operation; FIG. 5e is a diagram of a risk factor questionnaire section 5 for bridge construction operations; FIG. 6 is a model diagram of a total fault tree for construction risk of a re-expansion highway road; FIG. 7 is a diagram of a road bed construction operation fault tree and its main accident cause chain; FIG. 8 is a road construction work fault tree and its main accident cause chain diagram; fig. 9 is a chain diagram of a bridge and culvert construction operation fault tree and its main accident cause.

Detailed Description

The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 1, a risk identification method for construction operation of a reconstruction expressway according to the present embodiment should include the following steps:

The highway reconstruction and expansion construction projects generally comprise a plurality of engineering projects such as roadbed engineering, pavement engineering, bridge and culvert engineering, route crossing engineering, traffic engineering facility engineering, environmental protection and landscape engineering and the like, wherein the roadbed engineering, the pavement engineering and the bridge and culvert engineering are the most basic and important engineering projects. Therefore, the invention mainly analyzes the possible risk sources of roadbed engineering, pavement engineering and bridge and culvert engineering construction operation, and establishes a risk identification model according to the risk sources.

identifying risk factors of roadbed construction operation:

the risk factors for roadbed construction operation comprise potential safety hazards of roadbed construction equipment, artificial risks in the roadbed construction process, natural risks in the roadbed construction process and social risks in the roadbed construction process;

And (3) identifying risk factors of pavement construction operation:

the risk factors for road construction operation comprise potential safety hazards of road construction equipment, artificial risks in the road construction process, natural risks in the road construction process and social risks in the road construction process;

Identifying risk factors of bridge and culvert construction operation:

The bridge and culvert construction operation risk factors comprise potential safety hazards of bridge and culvert construction equipment, artificial risks in the bridge and culvert construction process, natural risks in the bridge and culvert construction process and social risks in the bridge and culvert construction process;

step two: carrying out investigation on risk factors of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway;

step three: carrying out construction risk quantification of the reconstruction and expansion expressway;

Step four: constructing and analyzing a reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk model;

And (5) summarizing the risk identification analysis results of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway road.

The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that the sources of potential safety hazards risk of the roadbed construction equipment include: concrete factory mixing equipment, concrete mixer equipment and concrete transportation and conveying equipment;

The artificial risk sources in the roadbed construction process comprise: construction process problems, material supply problems, insufficient safety precaution awareness and the like;

Natural risk sources in the roadbed construction process include: unfavorable hydrogeologic conditions, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, natural weathering, corrosion, etc.;

Social risk sources in the roadbed construction process include: policy influence, imprecise contract terms, etc.;

The sources of potential safety hazards risk of the pavement construction equipment comprise: asphalt pavement paving construction equipment, concrete factory mixing equipment, concrete mixer equipment and concrete transportation and conveying equipment;

human risk sources in the pavement construction process include: construction process problems, material supply problems, insufficient safety precaution awareness and the like.

Natural risk sources in the pavement construction process include: unfavorable hydrogeologic conditions, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, natural weathering, corrosion, etc.;

Social risk sources in the pavement construction process include: policy influence, imprecise contract terms, etc.;

the potential safety hazard risk sources of the bridge and culvert construction equipment comprise: oxygen welding and cutting equipment, a wheel sand cutting machine, steel bar processing equipment, electric welding equipment, prestress tensioning equipment, continuous steel structure hanging basket construction equipment, portal crane tower crane equipment, automobile crane equipment, a bridge girder erection machine, a template, cast-in-place pile excavation pore-forming equipment, electrical equipment, control elements, transportation beam equipment and winch equipment;

the artificial risk sources in the bridge and culvert construction process comprise: construction process problems, material supply problems, safety precaution consciousness problems and the like.

Natural risk sources in the bridge and culvert construction process include: unfavorable hydrogeologic conditions, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, natural weathering, corrosion, and the like.

Social risk sources in the bridge and culvert construction process include: policy effects, contract terms are not strict, etc.

Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.

And a third specific embodiment: the first or second difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that the sources of potential safety hazards risk of the roadbed construction equipment include: concrete factory mixing equipment, concrete mixer equipment and concrete transportation and conveying equipment; the specific process is as follows:

Concrete plant risk sources include: the air compressor is arranged below the control room, so that accidental explosion hidden danger of the air storage tank exists; the fixing between the stage batching bucket frame body and the upper slope is not firm, and potential accident injury hazards such as unexpected runaway hazards of a loader, a cold feeding conveyor belt, rotating parts and the like exist; the hidden danger of falling objects of the overhead working equipment; sources of concrete mixer equipment risk include: the belt pulley and the driving wheel lack protective measures, and the potential leakage hazard of the mixer is caused by irregular temporary electricity utilization; sources of risk for concrete transportation and delivery equipment include: operating under a high-voltage line, and enabling operators to stay in the working range of the arm support; concrete mixer trucks violate traffic regulations: speed (overspeed driving), turning radius (small turning radius), non-conforming to safety requirements of parking places and the like;

the length of a horizontal pipe with a check valve in front of a vertical conveying pipe of the concrete conveying pump is smaller than a specified value, and the pressure of the conveying pipe is eliminated by adopting a back pumping method before the pipeline is disassembled and cleaned;

the sources of potential safety hazards risk of the pavement construction equipment comprise: asphalt pavement paving construction equipment, concrete factory mixing equipment, concrete mixer equipment and concrete transportation and conveying equipment; the specific process is as follows:

The risk sources of the asphalt pavement paving construction equipment include: the operator shuttles the rolling area of the cross operation of the road roller; when a dump truck for transporting asphalt mixture works on a bent-road side ultrahigh road section, the risk of overturning due to overlarge gravity center deviation exists; in the tandem continuous operation of the paver and the road roller, when the paver pauses operation, if a screed and personnel stand behind the screed, the road roller still continues rolling operation, and the risk of accidental injury exists; concrete plant risk sources include: the air compressor is arranged below the control room, so that accidental explosion hidden danger of the air storage tank exists; the fixing between the stage batching bucket frame body and the upper slope is not firm, and potential accident injury hazards such as unexpected runaway hazards of a loader, a cold feeding conveyor belt, rotating parts and the like exist; the hidden danger of falling objects of the overhead working equipment; sources of concrete mixer equipment risk include: the belt pulley and the driving wheel lack protective measures, and the potential leakage hazard of the mixer is caused by irregular temporary electricity utilization; sources of risk for concrete transportation and delivery equipment include: operating under a high-voltage line, and enabling operators to stay in the working range of the arm support; concrete mixer trucks violate traffic regulations: speed (overspeed driving), turning radius (small turning radius), non-conforming to safety requirements of parking places and the like; the length of a horizontal pipe with a check valve in front of a vertical conveying pipe of the concrete conveying pump is smaller than a specified value, and the pressure of the conveying pipe is eliminated by adopting a back pumping method before the pipeline is disassembled and cleaned;

The potential safety hazard risk sources of the bridge and culvert construction equipment comprise: oxygen welding and cutting equipment, a wheel sand cutting machine, steel bar processing equipment, electric welding equipment, prestress tensioning equipment, continuous steel structure hanging basket construction equipment, portal crane tower crane equipment, automobile crane equipment, a bridge girder erection machine, a template, cast-in-place pile excavation pore-forming equipment, electrical equipment, control elements, transportation beam equipment and winch equipment; the specific process is as follows:

Sources of risk for oxygen welding and cutting equipment include: the oxygen welding and cutting equipment may have the hidden trouble that the safe distance between the acetylene cylinder and the oxygen cylinder in the oxygen welding and cutting operation site is not kept; aging an oxygen pipe and an acetylene pipe of oxygen welding and cutting equipment; sources of risk for the wheel sand cutter include: the belt pulley of the wheel sand cutting machine has no risk of illegal use of a protective cover or a grinding wheel cutting machine; sources of risk for rebar processing equipment include: the steel bar processing equipment may have the risk that the disc and the belt pulley are not protected; sources of risk for welder equipment include: the electric welding machine equipment may have risks of missing power supply junction boxes, irregular connector lugs, damaged shells and the like; the prestressed tensioning equipment risk sources include: the prestress tensioning device may have the risk that the construction operation site is not provided with a safety protection baffle plate according to the specification; the continuous steel structure hanging basket construction equipment risk sources comprise: the design, processing and safe use schemes have the defects that the adjacent edge protection of the basket hanging equipment does not meet the related requirements, the embedded parts of the concrete pouring construction are dislocated, the welding and the lap joint are illegal, and the like; the risk sources of the gantry crane and tower crane equipment include: the gantry crane and the tower crane may have the risk of carrying people and adventure operation by the hanging basket in a violation manner; sources of risk for automotive cranes include: the wire rope is broken, strand broken or worn beyond the regulation; the operation ground is uneven and not firm, the landing leg is firm by adopting no skid support, the hanging basket is used illegally, and the like. The bridge girder erection machine risk sources comprise: the bridge girder erection machine is unqualified in quality, installation and maintenance are not in accordance with the specification, registration and periodic inspection are not carried out during construction, operators do not acquire qualification certificates, landing legs are overturned, and the like; the risk of dangerous operation of constructors during edge or suspension operation during formwork supporting possibly exists in the use process of the formwork; the risk sources of the cast-in-place pile excavation pore-forming equipment include: during the running, shifting, maintaining and other processes of the equipment, operators operate improperly; electrical equipment and control element faults, line aging, insulation damage, ground wetness and the like; transportation beam equipment risk sources include: the stability of the beam body placed on the transport vehicle and the reliability of the transport vehicle during braking; sources of risk for the hoisting equipment include: the wire rope is broken, broken strand and dry-ground; the base is not firmly fixed and has poor stability; the brake belt of the winch is worn, the reliability of the brake mechanism is poor, and the hidden trouble of out-of-control operation exists; the simple hoisting winch has potential safety hazards of electricity consumption and mechanism failure and the like.

Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first or second embodiment.

The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that in the second step, a risk factor investigation of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway road is performed; the specific process is as follows:

step two, designing and distributing a construction operation risk questionnaire for reconstructing and expanding the expressway; the method comprises the following steps:

In order to quantify the construction risk of the expressway, a wheat passenger CRM questionnaire investigation system is adopted to design a roadbed construction, pavement construction and bridge and culvert construction operation risk factor questionnaire respectively based on construction risk source identification in the reconstruction construction period, as shown in figure 2, and questionnaires are issued and investigated for project engineering parts, safety parts, logistic parts, financial parts, quality supervision parts and construction managers of various segments (bridge, pavement and roadbed marks) of the construction project from the Harbin of the Beijing ha expressway to the Lalin river reach; as shown in fig. 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, the questionnaire is divided into four parts: the artificial risk in the construction process, the natural risk in the construction process, the construction equipment risk and the social risk in the roadbed construction process are divided into one module because of fewer problems, as shown in tables 1,2 and 3. The questionnaire aims at collecting the judgment of the occurrence possibility of various common risk factors in the construction process of a foundation, the construction process of a road surface and the construction process of a bridge and culvert by a survey object, wherein each question scoring range is 1-10 points, 1 point indicates that the occurrence is impossible, and 10 point indicates that the occurrence is certain;

Step two, recovering and counting a survey questionnaire of the construction risk of the reconstruction and expansion highway road; the method comprises the following steps: recycling risk factor questionnaires for road base construction, pavement construction and bridge and culvert construction operation by a wheat passenger CRM questionnaire investigation system; 185 parts of roadbed construction risk factor questionnaires are distributed, and 64 parts of roadbed construction risk factor questionnaires are fed back effectively; 156 parts of road construction operation risk factor questionnaires are issued together, and 98 parts of road construction operation risk factor questionnaires are effectively fed back; 341 portions of bridge construction operation risk factor questionnaires are issued together, and 90 portions of bridge construction operation risk factor questionnaires are effectively fed back. Preliminary statistics is carried out on risk questionnaires of road foundation construction, road surface construction and bridge and culvert construction operation by a wheat passenger CRM questionnaire investigation system, so that average division of all risk factors is obtained, and the average division is shown in tables 1-3;

Table 1 statistics of risk investigation data for roadbed construction operations

Table 2 road construction operation risk investigation data statistics

Table 3 bridge and culvert construction operation risk investigation data statistics

Other steps and parameters are the same as in one to three embodiments.

Fifth embodiment: the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention are different from the first to fourth embodiments in that the risk quantization of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway road is performed in the third step; the specific process is as follows:

Obtaining average division of all risk influence factors based on the survey questionnaires of the roadbed, the road surface and the bridge and culvert construction operation in the second step, quantifying the construction operation risk of the reconstruction and expansion expressway, and obtaining the occurrence probability of all basic events; the specific process is as follows:

Quantifying the construction risk factors of the road foundation construction, the road surface construction and the bridge and culvert construction based on the reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk factor investigation data to obtain the occurrence probability of each basic event; the basic events are risk factors; the calculation process of the occurrence probability of each basic event comprises the following steps:

assuming that the average score of a basic event is i, the occurrence probability of the basic event is expressed as (i-1)/9×10.

And quantifying the risk of roadbed construction operation: and quantifying the risk of the roadbed construction operation based on the roadbed construction operation risk factor investigation data to obtain the occurrence probability of each basic event, wherein the occurrence probability is shown in Table 4.

Table 4 risk factor base probability for roadbed construction operations

And (3) quantifying the risk of pavement construction operation: based on the road surface construction operation risk factor survey data, the road surface construction operation risk is quantified, and the occurrence probability of each basic event is obtained as shown in table 5.

TABLE 5 basic probability of risk influencing factors for pavement construction operations

Bridge and culvert construction risk quantification: based on bridge and culvert construction operation risk factor investigation data, quantifying bridge and culvert construction operation risks to obtain occurrence probability of each basic event, wherein the occurrence probability is shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 bridge and culvert construction risk influencing factor basic probability

Other steps and parameters are the same as in one to four embodiments.

Specific embodiment six: the difference between the present embodiment and one to fifth embodiments is that the construction and analysis of the risk model of the reconstruction and expansion highway road in the fourth step is shown in fig. 6; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

Constructing and analyzing a construction operation risk model of the expanded highway subgrade;

constructing and analyzing a reconstruction expressway pavement construction operation risk model;

And (5) constructing and analyzing a reconstruction and expansion highway bridge and culvert construction operation risk model.

Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fifth embodiments.

Seventh embodiment: the difference between the present embodiment and one to six embodiments is that the specific process of constructing and analyzing the risk model of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway is as follows:

(1) Building a reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk model:

identifying and investigating (step one and step two) the construction operation risk factors of the reconstructed and expanded expressway roadbed, taking the construction operation risk of the reconstructed and expanded expressway roadbed as an overhead event, taking 4 factors of potential safety hazards of roadbed construction equipment, artificial risks in the roadbed construction process, natural risks in the roadbed construction process and social risks in the roadbed construction process as intermediate events, taking each identified risk factor as a basic event, and establishing a construction operation risk fault tree model of the reconstructed and expanded expressway roadbed;

Based on the identification and investigation of the risk factors of the construction operation of the highway pavement, taking the construction operation risk of the highway pavement as a top event, taking 4 factors of potential safety hazards of pavement construction equipment, artificial risks in the pavement construction process, natural risks in the pavement construction process and social risks in the pavement construction process as intermediate events, taking the identified risk factors as basic events, and establishing a construction operation risk fault tree model of the highway pavement;

Based on the identification and investigation of the risk factors of the bridge and culvert construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway, taking the risk of the bridge and culvert construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway as an overhead event, taking 4 factors of potential safety hazards of bridge and culvert construction equipment, artificial risks in the bridge and culvert construction process, natural risks in the bridge and culvert construction process and social risks in the bridge and culvert construction process as intermediate events, taking the identified risk factors as basic events, and establishing a bridge and culvert construction operation risk fault tree model of the reconstruction and expansion expressway;

(2) The analysis method of the reconstruction expressway road construction operation risk fault tree model;

fault tree model analysis includes qualitative and quantitative analysis:

Qualitative analysis is to solve the minimal cut set of the fault tree through the structural function of the fault tree, and determine all possible occurrence paths (namely accident chains) of the overhead event. The minimal cut set is the minimal set of basic events that result in the occurrence of a top event, and can be solved by determinant, boolean algebraic reduction, matrix method, etc.

Performing qualitative analysis on the fault tree model, solving a minimum cut set, and determining all accident chains of the overhead event; the specific process is as follows:

Listing the structural functions of the fault tree model:

Assuming that the fault tree has n mutually independent basic events, X _i is the ith basic event, Y _i is an X _i state variable, and only takes 1 value or 0 value to respectively indicate that the basic event X _i occurs or does not occur; the basic events take different states, and the state of the top event also changes, namely whether the top event occurs or not is determined by the state of each basic event. If all states Y _i of all basic events are taken, the structure function of the fault tree model containing n basic events independent of each other is expressed as:

Wherein: phi (X) is the structural function of the fault tree model; p is the state combination sequence number of the basic event, p=2 ⁰,2¹,…,2ⁿ;φ_p (X) is the state value of the top event corresponding to the state combination of the p-th basic event, and the value is1 or 0; x is a vector consisting of n mutually independent basic events, x= (X ₁,X₂,…,X_n); n is a positive integer, i=1, 2, …, n;

Simplifying the structural function of a fault tree model containing n mutually independent basic events by adopting a Boolean algebra method to obtain a minimum cut set of the fault tree, namely determining all accident chains of the overhead events, and completing qualitative analysis of the fault tree model;

The minimal cut set is the set of minimal base events that result in the occurrence of a top event;

Quantitative analysis of fault trees can be divided into 2 quantitative analysis methods from top event to basic event and from basic event to top event;

quantitatively analyzing the fault tree model from the overhead event to the basic event to obtain a main accident cause chain of the construction risk of the reconstruction and expansion highway road;

And quantitatively analyzing the fault tree model from the basic event to the top event to obtain the occurrence probability of the intermediate event of the second layer, and carrying out normalization processing.

Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to sixth embodiments.

Eighth embodiment: the difference between the embodiment and one of the specific embodiments is that the quantitative analysis from the overhead event to the basic event is performed on the fault tree model to obtain a main accident cause chain of the construction risk of the reconstruction expressway road; the specific process is as follows:

The quantitative analysis from the top event to the basic event calculates the occurrence probability of each accident chain (the minimum cut set), and the multiplication of the conditional probability of each layer event of the accident chain is the probability of the accident chain (namely the occurrence probability of each minimum cut set); the specific calculation formula is as follows:

Wherein: q ^r is the probability of occurrence of the minimum cutset r; The probability of the influence of the mth event of the jth layer of the fault tree model on the minimum cut set r (namely, the conditional probability); h is the total number of layers of fault tree model events contained in the minimum cut set r; l _j is the total number of events of the j-th layer of the fault tree model contained in the minimum cutset r;

Because only the occurrence probability data of construction operation risks in the reconstruction and expansion construction period exist, defining the conditional probability of a certain intermediate event or basic event as the ratio of the event basic probability to the sum of all event basic probabilities of the layer;

And sequencing the accident chains from large to small according to the probability, and screening out the complete accident chains corresponding to the accumulated probability reaching 70% to be used as main reason chains for the construction risk of the reconstruction and expansion expressway.

Other steps and parameters are the same as those of one of the first to seventh embodiments.

Detailed description nine: the difference between the embodiment and one to eight embodiments is that the quantitative analysis from the basic event to the top event is performed on the fault tree model to obtain the occurrence probability of the intermediate event of the second layer; the specific process is as follows:

The quantitative analysis from the basic event to the overhead event is to solve the occurrence probability of the overhead event layer by layer according to the occurrence probability of the basic event. The probability calculation of the overhead event is carried out by adopting a minimum cut set method, and if no repeated basic event exists among the minimum cut sets, the probability of the overhead event is as follows:

wherein: g is the probability of a top event; q _i is the probability of the ith basic event; r is the ordinal number of the minimum cut set; k is the number of the minimum cutsets; k _r is the r minimum cutset; the probability q _i of the ith basic event is the ratio of the accident number corresponding to the basic event X _i in the total accident number.

If there are repeated basic events among the minimal cut sets, the probability of the top event is:

Wherein: s is the ordinal number of the minimum cut set; k _s is the s-th minimum cutset; s and r are positive integers.

Quantitative analysis of the fault tree model from the base event to the top event is to calculate the probability of occurrence of the top event. Because the basic event probability in the data statistics of the method is based on the premise of meeting the road construction accident, the calculated overhead event probability is close to or equal to 1, and the method has no practical significance. Quantitative analysis from base event to top event is thus employed herein to calculate the probability of occurrence of the second layer intermediate event, exploring the duty cycle of each intermediate event occurrence probability that results in the occurrence of the top event.

Other steps and parameters are the same as in one to eight of the embodiments.

Detailed description ten: the method for preventing and controlling the risk of the construction operation of the reconstruction expressway based on the multi-event chain principle is used for making accident prevention countermeasures and measures according to the obtained risk identification results of the construction operation of the reconstruction expressway based on the multi-event chain principle in the first to the ninth embodiments.

The following examples are used to verify the benefits of the present invention:

embodiment one:

Step one: carrying out the identification and classification of the risk factors of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; step two: carrying out investigation on risk factors of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; step three: carrying out construction risk quantification of the reconstruction and expansion expressway; step four: constructing and analyzing a reconstruction and expansion highway subgrade, road surface and bridge and culvert engineering construction operation risk model;

(1) Construction and analysis of roadbed construction operation risk model

1) Construction of fault tree for roadbed construction operation

Based on the identification and investigation of the roadbed construction operation risk factors, the roadbed construction operation risk in the reconstruction and expansion construction period is taken as an overhead event, potential safety hazards, natural factors, social factors and human factors of roadbed construction equipment are taken as intermediate events, the basic events causing the accident risk and the logic relationship thereof are analyzed from top to bottom, and a fault tree of the roadbed construction operation risk in the reconstruction and expansion construction period is established.

2) Fault tree analysis for roadbed construction operation

A) Qualitative analysis

And (3) reconstructing and expanding a structural function of the roadbed construction operation risk in the construction period:

the Boolean algebra method is adopted for simplification to obtain:

The first-order minimum cut sets of the roadbed construction operation fault tree are ：{X₁}、{X₂}、{X₃}、{X₄}、{X₅}、{X₆}、{X₇}、{X₈}、{X₉}、{X₁₀}、{X₁₁}、{X₁₂};, the second-order minimum cut sets of the roadbed construction operation fault tree are ：{X₁₈,X₁₃}、{X₁₈,X₁₄}、{X₁₈,X₁₅}、{X₁₈,X₁₆}、{X₁₈,X₁₇}., and the total number of the roadbed construction operation fault trees is 17 in the reconstruction and expansion construction period, namely 17 paths (accident chains) of the roadbed construction operation risk are generated, the number of basic events of the minimum cut sets is less, the accident is easy to occur, and the risk is high.

B) Quantitative analysis from overhead events to base events

The quantitative analysis from the overhead event to the base event is to calculate the probability of occurrence of each accident chain. The determination of each accident chain probability needs to determine the conditional probability of each layer of event, and for a certain middle event, the sum of the probabilities of the lower layer events is 1. Accordingly, the conditional probability of each layer of event is obtained based on the basic probability of the roadbed construction operation risk influence factors, and the numerical value is shown in fig. 7. And (3) calculating according to the formula (2) to obtain accident chain probability values of the roadbed construction operation risks, arranging the accident chain probability values in descending order, and finding 7 accident chains with higher occurrence probability as shown in a table 7, wherein the 7 accident chains are shown in fig. 7.

Table 7 accident chain for roadbed construction risk and probability thereof

The probability values of the accident chains in table 7 are observed, and the accident chains with the cumulative probability of 70% are taken, but the occurrence probability of 17 accident chains is found to be not obvious, so the first 7 accident chains with higher probability are taken as descriptions, and the description is that:

Accident chain 1: g ₂ (natural factor) → X ₇ (typhoon); accident chain 2: g ₂ (natural factor) →x ₁₀ (flood); accident chain 3: g ₂ (natural factor) →x ₉ (hydrogeological condition); accident chain 4: g ₂ (natural factor) →x ₆ (earthquake); accident chain 5: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₁₈ (safety awareness problem of staff + unsuccessfully supervised), G ₇,X₁₈ (hidden danger of concrete transportation and conveying + unsuccessfully supervised), and X ₁₃,X₁₈ (uneven operation of concrete pump truck, firm support leg without pad and unsuccessfully supervised); accident chain 6: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₁₈ (safety awareness problem of staff + unsuccessfully supervised), G ₇,X₁₈ (hidden danger of concrete transportation and conveying + unsuccessfully supervised), and X ₁₄,X₁₈ (when working under high-voltage lines, operators stay in the arm support range and unsuccessfully supervised); accident chain 7: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₁₈ (safety awareness problem of staff + unsuccessfully regulated), G ₇,X₁₈ (hidden danger of concrete transportation and conveying + unsuccessfully regulated), and X ₁₅,X₁₈ (concrete mixer truck violates traffic rules, overspeed driving, small turning radius, non-conforming to safety requirements of parking places and the like + unsuccessfully regulated).

C) Quantitative analysis from base event to overhead event

Quantitative analysis from base event to overhead event is used to calculate probability of occurrence of overhead event. Because only the occurrence probability data of the roadbed construction operation risk is available, the occurrence probability of the overhead event is equal to 1 or close to 1 when the roadbed construction operation risk is calculated, and the result is meaningless, the occurrence probability of the second-layer middle event is calculated, and the ratio of the 4 risk factors, namely the potential safety hazard, the natural factor, the social factor and the human factor of the roadbed construction equipment is explored.

Based on the basic probability (see table 4) of the risk influence factors of the roadbed construction operation, the potential safety hazards, natural factors, social factors and human factors of the roadbed construction equipment are calculated according to formulas (3) and (4), wherein the percentages of the potential safety hazards, the natural factors, the social factors and the human factors are respectively 32.33%, 34.27%, 6.12% and 2.11%. After normalization treatment, the four have a ratio of 43.20%, 45.80%, 8.18%, 2.82%, respectively.

(2) Construction and analysis of pavement construction operation risk model

1) Construction of fault tree for pavement construction operation

Based on the identification and investigation of the risk factors of the road construction operation, the risk of the road construction operation in the reconstruction and expansion construction period is taken as a top event, the potential safety hazards, natural factors, social factors and human factors of the road construction equipment are taken as middle events, the basic events causing the accident risk and the logic relationship thereof are analyzed from top to bottom, and a sub-fault tree of the road construction operation risk in the reconstruction and expansion construction period is established.

2) Fault tree analysis for pavement construction operation

A) Qualitative analysis

And (3) reconstructing and expanding a structural function of the pavement construction operation risk in the construction period:

the Boolean algebra method is adopted for simplification to obtain:

the first-order minimum cut sets of the pavement construction operation fault tree are ：{X₁}、{X₂}、{X₃}、{X₄}、{X₅}、{X₆}、{X₇}、{X₈}、{X₉}、{X₁₀}、{X₁₁}、{X₁₂};, the second-order minimum cut sets of the pavement construction operation fault tree are ：{X₂₁,X₁₃}、{X₂₁,X₁₄}、{X₂₁,X₁₅}、{X₂₁,X₁₆}、{X₂₁,X₁₇}、{X₂₁,X₁₈}、{X₂₁,X₁₉}、{X₂₁,X₂₀}., and the total number of the pavement construction operation fault tree minimum cut sets in the reconstruction construction period is 20, namely 20 occurrence paths (accident chains) of pavement construction operation risks are provided, the number of basic events of the minimum cut sets is fewer, the accidents are easy to occur, and the risks are high.

B) Quantitative analysis from overhead events to base events

Based on the basic probability of the risk factors of the pavement construction operation, the conditional probability of each layer of event is obtained, and the numerical value is shown in figure 8. And (3) calculating according to the formula (2) to obtain accident chain probability values of the road surface construction operation risks, arranging the accident chain probability values in descending order, and finding 6 accident chains with higher occurrence probability as shown in a table 8, wherein the accident chain probability values are shown in fig. 8.

Table 8 accident chain for road construction operation and probability thereof

The probability values of the accident chains in the table 8 are observed, and the occurrence probability of 20 accident chains is found to be not great, so that the description of the first 6 accident chains with higher probability is taken as follows:

accident chain 1: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₂₁ (safety awareness problem of staff + unsuccessfully supervised), G ₇,X₂₁ (hidden danger of asphalt pavement paving construction + unsuccessfully supervised), and X ₁₅,X₂₁ (the screed and the staff standing behind the screed when the paver pauses operation, while the roller still continues rolling operation, risk of trauma person exists and unsuccessfully supervised); accident chain 2: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₂₁ (safety awareness problem of staff + unsuccessfully supervised), G ₈,X₂₁ (hidden danger of concrete transportation and unsuccessfully supervised), X ₁₉,X₂₁ (horizontal pipe length with check valve in front of vertical conveying pipe of concrete conveying pump is smaller than specified, no back pumping method is adopted to eliminate conveying pipe pressure before pipeline disassembly and cleaning, and unsuccessfully supervised); accident chain 3: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₂₁ (safety awareness problem of staff + unsuccessfully supervised), G ₈,X₂₁ (hidden danger of concrete transportation and unsuccessfully supervised), X ₁₇,X₂₁ (working under high-voltage lines), and the staff stays in the working range of the arm support and unsuccessfully supervised); accident chain 4: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₂₁ (safety awareness problem of staff + unsuccessfully regulated), X ₁₃,X₂₁ (temporary power utilization of concrete mixer is not standardized + unsuccessfully regulated); accident chain 5: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₂₁ (safety awareness problem of workers and unsuccessfully supervised) G ₇,X₂₁ (hidden danger of asphalt pavement paving construction and unsuccessfully supervised), and X ₁₄,X₂₁ (rolling area of cross operation of the operator shuttle road rollers and unsuccessfully supervised); accident chain 6: g ₄ (artificial factors), G ₆,X₂₁ (safety awareness problem of staff + unsuccessfully regulated), G ₈,X₂₁ (hidden danger of concrete transportation and unsuccessfully regulated), and X ₁₈,X₂₁ (traffic rule violation of concrete mixer truck, overspeed driving, small turning radius, non-compliance of parking place with safety requirements and the like + unsuccessfully regulated).

C) Quantitative analysis from base event to overhead event

Based on basic probability (see table 5) of risk influence factors of pavement construction operation, the potential safety hazards, natural factors, social factors and human factors of pavement construction equipment are calculated according to formulas (3) and (4), wherein the percentages of the potential safety hazards, the natural factors, the social factors and the human factors are 74.96%, 53.06%, 35.65% and 21.58% respectively. After normalization treatment, the four have a ratio of 40.46%, 28.64%, 19.24%, 11.65%, respectively.

(3) Bridge and culvert construction operation risk model construction and analysis

1) Bridge and culvert construction operation fault tree construction

Based on bridge and culvert construction operation risk factor identification and investigation, bridge and culvert construction operation risk in the reconstruction and expansion construction period is taken as an overhead event, potential safety hazards, human factors, natural factors and social factors of bridge and culvert construction equipment are taken as intermediate events, basic events causing accident risk and logic relations thereof are analyzed from top to bottom, and a sub-fault tree of the bridge and culvert construction operation risk in the reconstruction and expansion construction period is established.

2) Bridge and culvert construction operation risk fault tree analysis

A) Qualitative analysis

And (3) reconstructing and expanding a bridge and culvert construction operation risk structural function in the construction period:

the Boolean algebra method is adopted for simplification to obtain:

The first-order minimum cut set of the bridge and culvert construction operation fault tree is provided with ：{X₁}、{X₂}、{X₃}、{X₄}、{X₅}、{X₆}、{X₇}、{X₈}、{X₉}、{X₁₀}、{X₁₁}、{X₁₂}、{X₁₃}、{X₁₄}、{X₁₅}、{X₂₇}、{X₂₈}、{X₂₉}、{X₃₀}、{X₃₁}、{X₃₂}、{X₃₃}; second-order minimum cut sets of the bridge and culvert construction operation fault tree ：{X₁₆,X₁₈}、{X₁₆,X₁₉}、{X₁₆,X₂₀}、{X₁₆,X₂₁}、{X₁₆,X₂₂}、{X₁₆,X₂₃}、{X₁₆,X₂₄}、{X₁₆,X₂₅}、{X₁₆,X₂₆}、{X₁₇,X₁₈}、{X₁₇,X₁₉}、{X₁₇,X₂₀}、{X₁₇,X₂₁}、{X₁₇,X₂₂}、{X₁₇,X₂₃}、{X₁₇,X₂₄}、{X₁₇,X₂₅}、{X₁₇,X₂₆}.

The minimum cut sets of bridge and culvert construction operation fault trees in the reconstruction and expansion construction period are 40, namely 40 occurrence ways (accident chains) of bridge and culvert construction operation risks are provided, the occurrence ways are more, the number of basic events of the minimum cut sets is small, accidents are easy to occur, and the risks are high.

B) Quantitative analysis from overhead events to base events

Based on the basic probability of the risk factors of bridge and culvert construction operation, the conditional probability of each layer of event is obtained, and the numerical value is shown in figure 9. And (3) calculating according to the formula (2) to obtain accident chain probability values of bridge and culvert construction operation risks, arranging the accident chain probability values in descending order, and finding 6 accident chains with higher occurrence probability as shown in a table 9, wherein the 6 accident chains are shown in fig. 9.

Table 9 accident chain for bridge and culvert construction operation and probability thereof

The probability values of the accident chains in table 9 are observed, and the occurrence probability of 40 accident chains is found to be not great, so the first 6 accident chains with higher probability are taken as description, and the probability values are respectively:

Accident chain 1: g ₁ (potential safety hazard of equipment), G ₇ (potential safety hazard of a winch), X ₁₁ (potential safety hazard of electricity consumption, mechanism failure and the like); accident chain 2: g ₁ (equipment safety hazard) →x ₁₂ (electric welding machine equipment casing damaged); accident chain 3: g ₁ (potential safety hazard of equipment) →x ₉ (failure of cast-in-place pile equipment components, line aging, etc.); accident chain 4: g ₁ (potential safety hazard of equipment), G ₇ (winch), X ₁₀ (brake band abrasion); accident chain 5: g ₁ (equipment safety hazard) →x ₅ (air compressor pulley no shield); accident chain 6: g ₁ (potential safety hazard of equipment), G ₅ (oxygen welding and cutting equipment), X ₂ (oil stain on the gas cylinder).

C) Quantitative analysis from base event to overhead event

According to basic probability (see Table 6) of risk influence factors of bridge and culvert construction operation, the equipment potential safety hazard, human factors, natural factors and social factors are calculated according to formulas (3) and (4), wherein the percentages of the equipment potential safety hazard, the human factors, the natural factors and the social factors are 97.05%, 32.20%, 55.06% and 31.85% respectively. After normalization treatment, the four were 44.90%, 14.90%, 25.47%, 14.73% respectively.

Based on construction and analysis of fault trees in construction operations of roadbeds, pavements and bridges and culverts in the construction period of the expressway road, a conclusion of construction operation risk analysis of the expressway road is obtained; the specific process is as follows:

(1) Roadbed construction operation risk analysis conclusion

Based on the roadbed construction operation risk analysis, the ratios of 4 aspects of equipment potential safety hazards, natural factors, social factors and human factors for inducing the roadbed construction operation risk are 43.20%, 45.80%, 8.18% and 2.82%, wherein the ratio of the natural factors to the roadbed equipment potential safety hazards is higher and exceeds 40%.

In addition, 17 accident chains of roadbed construction operations are provided, and main risk causes with higher probability are as follows:

Risk cause 1: the roadbed construction operation is difficult due to natural factors such as typhoons, floods, unfavorable hydrogeological conditions, earthquakes and the like, and the construction safety risk is high. Risk incentive 2: due to lack of safety consciousness of staff, uneven concrete pump truck operation occurs in the concrete transportation and conveying process, the support leg does not adopt the skid support and is firm, and the safety hidden trouble occurs in roadbed construction operation due to the artificial factors such as inadequate supervision. Risk incentive 3: due to lack of safety consciousness of workers, when working under a high-voltage line occurs in the concrete transportation and conveying process, workers stay in the arm support range, and artificial factors such as inadequate supervision and the like cause potential safety hazards in roadbed construction operation. Risk incentive 4: due to lack of safety consciousness of staff, the problems that the concrete mixer truck violates traffic rules, overspeed driving and parking places do not meet safety requirements and the like occur in the concrete transportation and conveying process, and the manual factors such as inadequate supervision and the like cause potential safety hazards in roadbed construction operation.

(2) Road construction operation risk analysis conclusion

Based on the pavement construction operation risk analysis, the ratios of 4 aspects of equipment potential safety hazards, natural factors, social factors and human factors for inducing the pavement construction operation risk are 40.46%, 28.64%, 19.24% and 11.65%, wherein the total ratio of the natural factors to the pavement equipment potential safety hazards is close to 70%.

In addition, 20 accident chains of road construction work are provided, and main risk causes with higher probability are as follows:

risk cause 1: because of the lack of safety consciousness of workers, people stand on the screed and the rear edge of the screed when the paver pauses in the paving operation of the asphalt pavement, and the road roller still continues to roll, and the risk of hurting people in the pavement construction operation is caused by the artificial factors such as inadequate supervision. Risk incentive 2: because the safety consciousness of the staff is insufficient, the length of the horizontal pipe with the check valve in front of the vertical conveying pipe of the concrete conveying pump is smaller than the stipulation in the concrete conveying and conveying operation, the problem that the conveying pipe pressure is eliminated by adopting a reverse pumping method before the pipeline is disassembled and cleaned is solved, and the artificial factors such as inadequate supervision and the like cause potential safety hazards in the road construction operation. Risk incentive 3: due to lack of safety consciousness of workers, the problem that workers stay in the working range of the arm support when working under a high-voltage line exists in concrete transportation and conveying operation, and the safety hidden trouble of pavement construction operation is caused by the artificial factors such as inadequate supervision and the like. Risk incentive 4: due to lack of safety consciousness of staff, the problem of irregular temporary electricity consumption of the concrete mixer exists, and the potential safety hazard of pavement construction operation is caused by artificial factors such as inadequate supervision and the like. Risk incentive 5: due to lack of safety consciousness of workers, the problem that the workers shuttle a rolling area of cross operation during asphalt pavement paving operation exists, and the safety hidden trouble of pavement construction operation is caused due to the fact that the workers cannot supervise in place and other artificial factors. Risk incentive 6: due to the safety awareness problem of workers, the problems that the concrete mixer truck violates traffic rules, the parking place does not meet safety requirements and the like exist in the concrete transportation and conveying process, and the safety hidden danger is caused in pavement construction operation due to the fact that the supervision is not in place and other artificial factors.

(3) Bridge and culvert construction operation risk analysis conclusion

Based on bridge and culvert construction operation risk analysis, the device potential safety hazards, natural factors, social factors and human factors which induce the bridge and culvert construction operation risk are obtained, wherein the proportion of the 4 aspects of the device potential safety hazards, the natural factors, the social factors and the human factors is 44.90%, 25.47%, 14.73% and 14.90%, and the proportion of the natural factors and the bridge and culvert device potential safety hazards is close to 70%.

In addition, 40 accident chains of bridge and culvert construction operation are provided, and main risk causes with higher probability are as follows:

Risk cause 1: and the safety risk of bridge construction operation caused by equipment safety problems such as power consumption of a winch, mechanism failure, abrasion of a brake belt and the like. Risk incentive 2: and the bridge construction operation safety risk caused by equipment safety problems such as equipment shell damage of the electric welding machine equipment is avoided. Risk incentive 3: and the safety risk of bridge construction operation caused by equipment safety problems such as cast-in-place pile equipment element faults, line ageing and the like. Risk incentive 4: the belt pulley of the air compressor has no bridge construction operation safety risk caused by equipment safety problems such as a protective cover and the like. Risk incentive 5: the safety risk of bridge construction operation caused by the safety problem of oxygen welding and cutting equipment such as oil stain on the gas cylinder.

The accident prevention measures and measures of the construction operation roadbed, the pavement and the bridge and culvert construction operation in the expressway reconstruction and expansion construction period are obtained based on the analysis conclusion of the construction operation risks of the roadbed, the pavement and the bridge and culvert in the expressway reconstruction and expansion construction period; the specific process is as follows:

(1) Accident prevention countermeasure and measure for roadbed construction operation

1) Accident prevention and countermeasure for roadbed construction operation

According to the analysis and summary of the risk of roadbed construction operation, the following accident prevention measures are proposed:

Countermeasure 1: and (5) making an emergency management plan for bad weather, and perfecting the safety construction operation flow and regulation. Countermeasure 2: the safety production consciousness of workers is enhanced, the safety education and training is enhanced, and the safety operation standard and notice of sound roadbed construction equipment (such as concrete factory mixing equipment, concrete pump trucks and the like) are established. Countermeasure 3: the reinforced site supervision is a powerful measure for controlling risks, roadbed construction operation is strictly supervised, and construction operation accident risks are reduced.

2) Accident prevention measures for roadbed construction operation

Aiming at the main accident chain of roadbed construction operation, the following specific safety improvement measures are provided:

Measure 1: the safety consciousness and the field supervision of staff are enhanced, and the situation that the concrete pump truck is uneven in operation and the supporting leg is firm in supporting without adopting a skid is avoided. Measure 2: the safety awareness and the field supervision of the staff are enhanced, and when working under a high-voltage line, the constructors are strictly forbidden to stay in the arm support range. Measure 3: the safety consciousness and the field supervision of the staff are enhanced, and the concrete mixer truck is forbidden to run against overspeed and stop against rules and regulations.

(2) Accident prevention countermeasure and measure for pavement construction operation

1) Accident prevention and countermeasure for pavement construction operation

Countermeasure 1: and (5) making an emergency management plan of bad weather according to the specifications, and perfecting the safety construction operation flow and regulations of bad weather. Countermeasure 2: the safety production consciousness of workers is enhanced, the safety education and training is enhanced, and the safety operation standards and precautions of sound roadbed construction equipment (such as asphalt paving equipment, concrete plant mixing equipment and the like) are established. Countermeasure 3: the reinforced site supervision is a powerful measure for controlling risks, and the pavement construction operation is strictly supervised, so that the risk of construction operation accidents is reduced.

2) Accident prevention measure for pavement construction operation

Aiming at the main accident chain of pavement construction operation, the following specific safety improvement measures are provided:

Measure 1: the safety consciousness and the field supervision of the staff are enhanced, and when the road roller is still continuously rolling, the staff is strictly forbidden to stand on the screed and the rear side of the screed. Measure 2: and (3) regularly checking the length of the horizontal pipe with the water stop valve of the concrete conveying pump according to the specification, and standardizing and supervising the pipeline cleaning process. Measure 3: the safety awareness and the field supervision of the staff are enhanced, and when the working is performed under the high-voltage line, the constructors are forbidden to stay in the working range of the arm support. Measure 4: the safety awareness and the field supervision of staff are enhanced, and the temporary electricity utilization system of equipment such as a stirrer is standardized. Measure 5: the safety awareness and the field supervision of workers are enhanced, and workers are prevented from shuttling to the rolling area of the cross operation of the road roller during asphalt paving operation. Measure 6: the construction operation area is equipped with a perfect parking area which meets the safety requirement.

(3) Accident prevention countermeasure and measure for bridge and culvert construction operation

1) Accident prevention and countermeasure for bridge and culvert construction operation

Countermeasure 1: and (5) making an emergency management plan of bad weather according to the specifications, and perfecting the safety construction operation flow and regulations of bad weather. Countermeasure 2: the safety production consciousness of workers is enhanced, the safety education and training is enhanced, and the safety operation standard and notice of sound roadbed construction equipment (such as a winch, an electric welding machine, an oxygen welding and cutting device and the like) are established. Countermeasure 3: the reinforced site supervision is a powerful measure for controlling risks, and the pavement construction operation is strictly supervised, so that the risk of construction operation accidents is reduced.

2) Accident prevention measures for bridge and culvert construction operation

Aiming at the main accident chain of bridge construction operation, the following specific safety improvement measures are provided:

Measure 1: the winch regularly performs equipment inspection to ensure safe use of electricity, brake belts and the like. Measure 2: the electric welding machine equipment periodically performs shell inspection, and if the electric welding machine equipment is damaged, the electric welding machine equipment is timely reported and maintained. Measure 3: the cast-in-place pile is regularly inspected by equipment, so that equipment elements, circuits and the like can be used safely. Measure 4: the air compressor is inspected by regular equipment, so that the belt pulley protective cover can be effectively protected, and if the belt pulley protective cover is damaged, the belt pulley protective cover can be timely reported and maintained. Measure 5: the oxygen welding equipment is used for checking regularly, cleaning the greasy dirt of the gas cylinder in time and ensuring the welding safety.

The present invention is capable of other and further embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and variation in light of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for identifying the risk of construction operation of a reconstruction expressway road is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific processes:

identifying risk factors of roadbed construction operation:

And (3) identifying risk factors of pavement construction operation:

Identifying risk factors of bridge and culvert construction operation:

summarizing the risk identification analysis results of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway road;

In the fourth step, construction and analysis of a construction operation risk model of the reconstruction and expansion expressway are carried out; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

constructing and analyzing a reconstruction expressway bridge and culvert construction operation risk model;

the construction and analysis specific process of the reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk model comprises the following steps:

Based on the identification and investigation of the risk factors of the construction operation of the reconstructed and expanded expressway roadbed, taking the construction operation risk of the reconstructed and expanded expressway roadbed as an overhead event, taking potential safety hazards of roadbed construction equipment, artificial risks in the roadbed construction process, natural risks in the roadbed construction process and social risks in the roadbed construction process as intermediate events, taking the identified risk factors as basic events, and establishing a construction operation risk fault tree model of the reconstructed and expanded expressway roadbed;

Based on the identification and investigation of the risk factors of the construction operation of the expressway, the risk of the construction operation of the expressway is taken as a top event, the potential safety hazards of road construction equipment, the artificial risk in the road construction process, the natural risk in the road construction process and the social risk in the road construction process are taken as intermediate events, and each identified risk factor is taken as a basic event, so that a fault tree model of the construction operation risk of the expressway is established;

Based on the identification and investigation of the risk factors of the construction operation of the highway, taking the risk of the construction operation of the highway bridge and culvert as an overhead event, taking the potential safety hazards of bridge and culvert construction equipment, the artificial risk in the construction process of the bridge and culvert, the natural risk in the construction process of the bridge and culvert and the social risk in the construction process of the bridge and culvert as intermediate events, taking the identified risk factors as basic events, and establishing a fault tree model of the construction operation of the highway bridge and culvert;

(2) The analysis method of the reconstruction expressway road construction operation risk fault tree model comprises the following steps:

The fault tree model analysis comprises qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis;

Listing the structural functions of the fault tree model:

Assuming that the fault tree has n mutually independent basic events, X _i is the ith basic event, Y _i is an X _i state variable, and only takes 1 value or 0 value to respectively indicate that the basic event X _i occurs or does not occur; if all states Y _i of all basic events are taken, the structure function of the fault tree model containing n basic events independent of each other is expressed as:

2. The method for identifying the risk of construction operation of a reconstruction expressway according to claim 1, wherein: the potential safety hazard risk sources of the roadbed construction equipment comprise: concrete factory mixing equipment, concrete mixer equipment and concrete transportation and conveying equipment;

the artificial risk sources in the roadbed construction process comprise: construction process, material supply and safety precaution awareness;

natural risk sources in the roadbed construction process include: hydrogeologic conditions, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, natural weathering and corrosion;

social risk sources in the roadbed construction process include: policy influence, contract terms;

human risk sources in the pavement construction process include: construction process, material supply and safety precaution awareness;

Natural risk sources in the pavement construction process include: hydrogeologic conditions, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, natural weathering and corrosion;

social risk sources in the pavement construction process include: policy influence, contract terms;

the artificial risk sources in the bridge and culvert construction process comprise: construction process, material supply and safety precaution awareness;

Natural risk sources in the bridge and culvert construction process include: hydrogeologic conditions, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, natural weathering and corrosion;

social risk sources in the bridge and culvert construction process include: policy influence, contract terms.

3. The method for identifying the risk of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the potential safety hazard risk sources of the roadbed construction equipment comprise: concrete factory mixing equipment, concrete mixer equipment and concrete transportation and conveying equipment; the specific process is as follows:

Concrete plant risk sources include:

The air compressor is arranged below the control room, so that accidental explosion hidden danger of the air storage tank exists;

the stage batching bucket frame body is not firmly fixed with the upper slope, and potential hazards of unexpected runaway of the loader, accidental injury of the cold feeding conveyor belt and the rotating parts exist;

Hidden danger of falling objects of operation equipment;

sources of concrete mixer equipment risk include: the belt pulley and the driving wheel lack protective measures, and the mixer has potential leakage hazards;

sources of risk for concrete transportation and delivery equipment include: the concrete mixer violates traffic rules;

The risk sources of the asphalt pavement paving construction equipment include:

The operator shuttles the rolling area of the cross operation of the road roller;

In the tandem continuous operation of the paver and the road roller, when the paver pauses operation, if a screed and personnel stand behind the screed, the road roller still continues rolling operation, and the risk of accidental injury exists;

Concrete plant risk sources include:

Hidden danger of falling objects of operation equipment;

sources of risk for oxygen welding and cutting equipment include:

the oxygen welding and cutting equipment has the hidden trouble that the safety distance between the acetylene cylinder and the oxygen cylinder in the oxygen welding and cutting operation site is not kept;

aging an oxygen pipe and an acetylene pipe of oxygen welding and cutting equipment;

Sources of risk for the wheel sand cutter include: the belt pulley of the wheel sand cutting machine is not provided with a protective cover;

sources of risk for rebar processing equipment include: the steel bar processing equipment has the risk that the disc and the belt pulley have no protective measures;

Sources of risk for welder equipment include: the risk that the power connection box is lost and the shell is damaged exists in the electric welding machine equipment;

The prestressed tensioning equipment risk sources include: the prestress tensioning device has the risk that a safety protection baffle is not arranged on a construction operation site;

sources of risk for automotive cranes include: the wire rope is broken, strand broken or worn beyond the regulation;

The bridge girder erection machine risk sources comprise: the construction period is not registered and checked regularly, and the operator does not acquire qualification certificates;

the risk sources of the cast-in-place pile excavation pore-forming equipment include: electrical equipment and control element faults, line aging, insulation damage and ground wetness;

sources of risk for the hoisting equipment include:

the wire rope is broken, broken strand and dry-ground;

the brake belt of the winch is worn, and the brake mechanism has the hidden trouble of out-of-control operation;

the hoisting winch has potential safety hazards of electricity consumption and mechanism failure.

4. A method for identifying the risk of construction work of a reconstruction expressway according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: step two, researching risk factors of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway road; the specific process is as follows:

the method comprises the steps that a wheat passenger CRM questionnaire investigation system is adopted to design a roadbed construction, pavement construction and bridge and culvert construction operation risk factor investigation questionnaire respectively, and questionnaire issuing and investigation are carried out on engineering parts, safety parts, logistics parts, financial parts, quality supervision parts and each mark section construction manager of a reconstruction and expansion engineering project;

Questionnaire topics are divided into four parts: the artificial risk in the construction process, the natural risk in the construction process, the construction equipment risk and the social risk in the roadbed construction process, wherein each question scoring range is 1-10 points, 1 point indicates that the occurrence is impossible, and 10 points indicate that the occurrence is certain;

step two, recovering and counting a survey questionnaire of the construction risk of the reconstruction and expansion highway road; the method comprises the following steps:

Recycling risk factor questionnaires for road base construction, pavement construction and bridge and culvert construction operation by a wheat passenger CRM questionnaire investigation system;

and counting risk questionnaires of road foundation construction, road surface construction and bridge and culvert construction operation by using a wheat passenger CRM questionnaire investigation system to obtain average division of all risk factors.

5. The method for identifying the risk of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the risk quantification of the construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion expressway is carried out; the specific process is as follows:

Quantifying the construction risk factors of the road foundation construction, the road surface construction and the bridge and culvert construction based on the reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk factor investigation data to obtain the occurrence probability of each basic event;

the basic events are risk factors;

The calculation process of the occurrence probability of each basic event comprises the following steps:

6. The method for identifying the risk of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: quantitatively analyzing the fault tree model from the overhead event to the basic event to obtain an accident cause chain of the construction risk of the reconstruction and expansion expressway road; the specific process is as follows:

The quantitative analysis from the top event to the basic event calculates the occurrence probability of each accident chain, and the multiplication of the conditional probability of each layer of event of the accident chain is the probability of the accident chain; the specific calculation formula is as follows:

Wherein: q ^r is the probability of occurrence of the minimum cutset r; The probability of influence of the mth event of the jth layer of the fault tree model on the minimum cut set r is given; h is the total number of layers of fault tree model events contained in the minimum cut set r; l _j is the total number of events of the j-th layer of the fault tree model contained in the minimum cutset r;

defining the conditional probability of a certain intermediate event or basic event as the ratio of the event basic probability to the sum of all event basic probabilities of the layer;

And sequencing the accident chains from large to small according to the probability, and screening out the complete accident chains corresponding to the accumulated probability reaching 70% to be used as the reason chains for reconstructing and expanding the construction risk of the expressway.

7. The method for identifying the risk of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the quantitative analysis from the basic event to the top event is carried out on the fault tree model, so that the occurrence probability of the intermediate event of the second layer is obtained; the specific process is as follows:

if there are no repeated basic events between the minimal cutsets, the probability of the top event is:

wherein: g is the probability of a top event; q _i is the probability of the ith basic event; r is the ordinal number of the minimum cut set; k is the number of the minimum cutsets; k _r is the r minimum cutset;

8. The method for preventing and controlling the risk of construction operation of the reconstruction and expansion highway according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method is used for formulating accident prevention countermeasures and measures according to a reconstruction and expansion highway road construction operation risk identification method obtained by the claims 1 to 7.