CN113885586B - Sun tracking device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Sun tracking device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113885586B CN113885586B CN202111218919.4A CN202111218919A CN113885586B CN 113885586 B CN113885586 B CN 113885586B CN 202111218919 A CN202111218919 A CN 202111218919A CN 113885586 B CN113885586 B CN 113885586B
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- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a sun tracking device, which comprises a base and a control mechanism, wherein the top end of the base is fixedly connected with an attitude adjusting mechanism, and the top end of the attitude adjusting mechanism is fixedly connected with a supporting plate; the top end of the supporting plate is hinged with a mounting frame, and a photovoltaic plate is fixedly embedded at the top end of the mounting frame; a lifting mechanism is arranged between the supporting plate and the mounting frame, the top end of the lifting mechanism is hinged with the mounting frame, and the bottom end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with the supporting plate; the side walls of the mounting rack are fixedly connected with a plurality of photoelectric sensors, and the photovoltaic panel, the lifting mechanism, the posture adjusting mechanism and the photoelectric sensors are electrically connected with the control mechanism. The invention can fully irradiate the photovoltaic panel and improve the solar energy conversion rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a sun tracking device and a control method thereof.
Background
Because environmental problem is outstanding day by day, and the clean energy receives everybody more and more attention, and solar energy is the clean energy of a novel environmental protection, but because the characteristics that solar energy density is low, intermittent type nature, spatial distribution constantly change lead to the utilization degree of difficulty increase to solar energy, consequently just need the sun tracking device to realize following up the sun's accuracy for improve conversion efficiency.
However, the existing sun tracking device cannot be adjusted according to the rising angle of the sun, so that the conversion efficiency of solar energy cannot be well improved, and meanwhile, the existing sun tracking device is low in automation degree and inconvenient to adjust.
Therefore, it is desirable to design a sun tracking device and a control method thereof to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a sun tracking device, which comprises a base and a control mechanism, wherein the top end of the base is fixedly connected with a posture adjusting mechanism, and the top end of the posture adjusting mechanism is fixedly connected with a supporting plate; the top end of the supporting plate is hinged with an installation frame, and a photovoltaic plate is fixedly embedded at the top end of the installation frame; a lifting mechanism is arranged between the supporting plate and the mounting frame, the top end of the lifting mechanism is hinged with the mounting frame, and the bottom end of the lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with the supporting plate; the equal rigid coupling of mounting bracket lateral wall has a plurality of photoelectric sensor, the photovoltaic board elevating system gesture adjustment mechanism photoelectric sensor all with control mechanism electric connection.
Preferably, the posture adjusting mechanism comprises a power part fixed at the top end of the base and a posture adjusting part positioned above the power part, and the power part is electrically connected with the control mechanism; the posture adjusting part comprises a second tripod, a first tripod is arranged below the second tripod and fixedly connected to the top end of the power part, a first supporting rod, a second supporting rod and a third supporting rod are arranged between the first tripod and the second tripod, and the first supporting rod, the second supporting rod and the third supporting rod are distributed in a triangular shape; the first supporting rod bottom end is fixedly connected with the first tripod, the second supporting rod bottom end is connected with the third supporting rod bottom end in a penetrating mode, the first tripod is connected with the first tripod in a sliding mode, the first supporting rod top end is connected with the second supporting rod top end in a sliding mode, the second supporting rod bottom end is connected with the third supporting rod bottom end in a transmission mode, and the power portion is connected with the third supporting rod bottom end in a transmission mode.
Preferably, a first universal joint is fixedly connected to the top end of the first supporting rod, and the tail end of the first universal joint is fixedly connected with the second tripod.
Preferably, the top end of the second supporting rod is hinged with a first connecting rod, the first connecting rod swings in a plane formed by the first supporting rod and the second supporting rod, the top end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected with a second universal joint, and the tail end of the second universal joint is fixedly connected with a second tripod.
Preferably, the top end of the third support rod and the bottom end of the second tripod are fixedly connected with ball seats, a second connecting rod is arranged between the ball seats, two ends of the second connecting rod are fixedly connected with ball heads, and the ball heads are respectively in sliding connection with the two ball seats.
Preferably, the power part comprises an electric push rod and a fixed rod, the bottom end of the second support rod and the bottom end of the third support rod are fixedly connected with the electric push rod, the bottom end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected with the base, the top end of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the first tripod, the bottom end of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the top end of the base, and the electric push rod is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Preferably, the lifting mechanism comprises a sliding sleeve fixedly connected to the top end of the supporting plate, a first sliding rod is connected in the sliding sleeve in a sliding mode, a third connecting rod is hinged to the top end of the first sliding rod, the tail end of the third connecting rod is hinged to the mounting frame, a first cam is rotatably connected to the lower portion of the sliding sleeve, and the first cam is in contact with the bottom end of the first sliding rod; the top end of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with a driving motor and a transmission assembly, the driving motor is in transmission connection with the first cam through the transmission assembly, and the driving motor is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Preferably, the transmission assembly comprises a first bracket fixedly connected to the top end of the support plate, one side of the first bracket, which is close to the first cam, is rotatably connected with a ratchet wheel, and the ratchet wheel is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first cam; one side of the ratchet wheel, which is far away from the first cam, is rotatably connected with a transmission rod, and the tail end of the transmission rod is hinged with a pawl which is meshed with the ratchet wheel; a second sliding rod is connected onto the first support in a sliding mode, a spring is sleeved at the bottom of the second sliding rod, one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the first support, the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the second sliding rod, and one side of the second sliding rod is rotatably connected with the transmission rod; and an output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected with a second cam, and the second cam is contacted with the bottom end of the second sliding rod.
Preferably, the control mechanism comprises a photovoltaic controller, the photovoltaic controller is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic controller is electrically connected with a storage battery and a motor controller; the motor controller is electrically connected with a motor driver A, a motor driver B and a motor driver C, the motor driver A and the motor driver B are respectively and electrically connected with the two electric push rods, and the motor driver C is electrically connected with the driving motor; the photoelectric sensor is electrically connected with the motor controller.
A control method of a sun tracking device is based on any one of the sun tracking devices, a photovoltaic panel outputs direct current, the direct current is set by a photovoltaic controller and then a storage battery is charged, and meanwhile, power is supplied to a motor controller;
the photoelectric sensor collects data, the motor controller processes the data collected by the photoelectric sensor, and the motor controller controls the motor driver A, the motor driver B and the motor driver C according to the data collected by the photoelectric sensor;
the motor driver A and the motor driver B respectively control the two electric push rods to move to realize the adjustment of the posture of the photovoltaic panel, and the motor driver C controls the driving motor to move to realize the adjustment of the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the posture adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the position of the sun according to different positions of the sun in one day, so that the photovoltaic panel can track the sun all the time, the photovoltaic panel can be fully irradiated, and the solar energy conversion rate can be improved.
2. According to the invention, the angle of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted through the lifting mechanism according to the change of the rising angle of the sun in one year, so that the photovoltaic panel is fully irradiated, and the solar energy conversion rate is further improved.
3. The invention controls the lifting mechanism and the posture adjusting mechanism through the control mechanism, has high automation degree and more accurate control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sun tracking device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a sun-tracking device of the present invention in one orientation;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of another orientation of a sun-tracking device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of B in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the transmission rod of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a control flow diagram of a solar tracking apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a control flowchart of a sun tracking apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of a position limiting assembly according to the present invention;
wherein, 1 is a photovoltaic panel, 2 is a photoelectric sensor, 3 is a mounting rack, 4 is a support plate, 5 is a lifting mechanism, 6 is a second tripod, 7 is a first support rod, 8 is a third support rod, 9 is a second support rod, 10 is a first connecting rod, 11 is a first tripod, 12 is an electric push rod, 13 is a fixed rod, 14 is a base, 15 is a support leg, 16 is a third connecting rod, 17 is a first slide rod, 18 is a sliding sleeve, 19 is a second support, 20 is a first cam, 21 is a rotating shaft, 22 is a first support, 23 is a pawl, 24 is a transmission rod, 25 is a ratchet, 26 is a driving motor, 27 is a spring, 28 is a second cam, 29 is a second slide rod, 30 is a second universal joint, 31 is a first universal joint, 32 is a ball seat, 33 is a second connecting rod, 34 is a ball head, 35 is a motor driver A, 36 is a motor driver B, 37 is a motor controller, The device comprises a DC load 38, an AC load 39, an inverter 40, a storage battery 41, a photovoltaic controller 42, a motor driver C43, a time relay 44, a rotating sleeve 45, a clamping groove 46, a spring 47, a clamping block 48 and a shaft core 49.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-7, the invention provides a sun tracking device, which comprises a base 14 and a control mechanism, wherein the top end of the base 14 is fixedly connected with a posture adjusting mechanism, and the top end of the posture adjusting mechanism is fixedly connected with a supporting plate 4; the top end of the supporting plate 4 is hinged with an installation frame 3, and a photovoltaic plate 1 is fixedly embedded at the top end of the installation frame 3; a lifting mechanism 5 is arranged between the supporting plate 4 and the mounting frame 3, the top end of the lifting mechanism 5 is hinged with the mounting frame 3, and the bottom end of the lifting mechanism 5 is fixedly connected with the supporting plate 4; the side walls of the mounting frame 3 are fixedly connected with a plurality of photoelectric sensors 2, and the photovoltaic panel 1, the lifting mechanism 5, the posture adjusting mechanism and the photoelectric sensors 2 are electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Further, a plurality of supporting legs 15 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the base 14, and the supporting legs 15 are distributed in a rectangular shape.
Further, the photoelectric sensors 2 positioned on the upper and lower side walls of the mounting frame 3 are used for adjusting the lifting mechanism 5, and the photoelectric sensors 2 positioned on the left and right side walls of the mounting frame 3 are used for adjusting the posture adjusting mechanism.
Further, the posture adjusting mechanism comprises a power part fixed at the top end of the base 14 and a posture adjusting part positioned above the power part, and the power part is electrically connected with the control mechanism; the posture adjusting part comprises a second tripod 6, a first tripod 11 is arranged below the second tripod 6, the first tripod 11 is fixedly connected to the top end of the power part, a first supporting rod 7, a second supporting rod 9 and a third supporting rod 8 are arranged between the first tripod 11 and the second tripod 6, and the first supporting rod 7, the second supporting rod 9 and the third supporting rod 8 are distributed in a triangular shape; 7 bottoms of first bracing piece and first tripod 11 rigid couplings, 9 bottoms of second bracing piece and 8 bottoms of third bracing piece all run through first tripod 11 and with first tripod 11 sliding connection, 7 tops of first bracing piece, 9 tops of second bracing piece and 8 tops of third bracing piece all with 6 swing joint of second tripod, 9 bottoms of second bracing piece and 8 bottoms of third bracing piece all with power portion transmission connection.
Further, a first gimbal 31 is fixedly connected to the top end of the first supporting rod 7, and the tail end of the first gimbal 31 is fixedly connected to the second tripod 6.
Furthermore, a first connecting rod 10 is hinged to the top end of the second supporting rod 9, the first connecting rod 10 swings in a plane formed by the first supporting rod 7 and the second supporting rod 9, a second universal joint 30 is fixedly connected to the top end of the first connecting rod 10, and the tail end of the second universal joint 30 is fixedly connected with the second tripod 6.
Furthermore, ball seats 32 are fixedly connected to the top end of the third support rod 8 and the bottom end of the second tripod 6, a second connecting rod 33 is arranged between the two ball seats 32, ball heads 34 are fixedly connected to two ends of the second connecting rod 33, and the two ball heads 34 are slidably connected with the two ball seats 32 respectively.
The top end of the first supporting rod 7 and the top end of the first connecting rod 10 are respectively connected with the second tripod 6 through the first universal joint 31 and the second universal joint 30, the third supporting rod 8 is connected with the second tripod 6 through a spherical pair, so that the joints of the first supporting rod 7, the first supporting rod 10, the third supporting rod 8 and the second tripod 6 can rotate at any angle, the bottom end of the first connecting rod 10 is hinged with the top end of the second supporting rod 9, and the first connecting rod 10 swings on a plane formed by the supporting rod and the second supporting rod 9, so that the second tripod 6 can move by taking the joint of the first supporting rod 7 and the second tripod 6 as a point, so that the photovoltaic panel 1 can be adjusted according to different sun directions in a day period, the photovoltaic panel 1 can track the sun all the time, the photovoltaic panel 1 can be fully irradiated, and the solar conversion rate is improved.
Further, the power part comprises an electric push rod 12 and a fixed rod 13, the bottom end of the second support rod 9 and the bottom end of the third support rod 8 are fixedly connected with the electric push rod 12, the bottom end of the electric push rod 12 is fixedly connected with the base 14, the top end of the fixed rod 13 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the first tripod 11, the bottom end of the fixed rod 13 is fixedly connected with the top end of the base 14, and the two electric push rods 12 are electrically connected with the control mechanism.
The electric push rod 12 is used as a power source, and compared with a hydraulic push rod, a complex hydraulic system and an external hydraulic source are omitted, so that the weight is reduced; meanwhile, when the electric push rod 12 is used, the installation is convenient, the use is reliable, the maintenance is simple, the energy consumption is low, the limitation of weather and environment is avoided, and the automatic control is convenient.
Further, the lifting mechanism 5 comprises a sliding sleeve 18 fixedly connected to the top end of the support plate 4, a first sliding rod 17 is connected in the sliding sleeve 18 in a sliding manner, a third connecting rod 16 is hinged to the top end of the first sliding rod 17, the tail end of the third connecting rod 16 is hinged to the mounting frame 3, a first cam 20 is rotatably connected to the lower portion of the sliding sleeve 18, and the first cam 20 is in contact with the bottom end of the first sliding rod 17; the top end of the supporting plate 4 is fixedly connected with a driving motor 26 and a transmission component, the driving motor 26 is in transmission connection with the first cam 20 through the transmission component, and the driving motor 26 is electrically connected with the control mechanism.
Further, the transmission assembly comprises a first bracket 22 fixedly connected to the top end of the support plate 4, one side of the first bracket 22 close to the first cam 20 is rotatably connected with a ratchet wheel 25, and the ratchet wheel 25 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first cam 20; one side of the ratchet wheel 25, which is far away from the first cam 20, is rotatably connected with a transmission rod 24, the tail end of the transmission rod 24 is hinged with a pawl 23, and the pawl 23 is meshed with the ratchet wheel 25; a second sliding rod 29 is connected onto the first support 22 in a sliding mode, a spring 27 is sleeved at the bottom of the second sliding rod 29, one end of the spring 27 is fixedly connected with the first support 22, the other end of the spring 27 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the second sliding rod 29, and one side of the second sliding rod 29 is rotatably connected with the transmission rod 24; the output shaft of the driving motor 26 is fixedly connected with a second cam 28, and the second cam 28 is contacted with the bottom end of a second sliding rod 29.
Furthermore, the first bracket 22 is F-shaped, the second slide bar 29 is T-shaped, the second slide bar 29 is positioned between the upper transverse plate and the lower transverse plate of the first bracket 22, the top end and the bottom end of the vertical bar of the second slide bar 29 respectively penetrate through the upper transverse plate and the lower transverse plate, and the bottom end of the vertical bar is fixedly connected with a bulge; the spring 27 is sleeved at the bottom of the vertical rod, one end of the spring 27 is connected with the top end of the lower transverse plate, the other end of the spring 27 is fixedly connected with the bulge, and the second cam 28 is in contact with the bottom end of the bulge; one side of the transmission rod 24 close to the driving motor 26 is fixedly connected with a connecting block, and one end of the cross rod of the second sliding rod 29 far away from the vertical rod is rotatably connected with the connecting block.
Furthermore, a second bracket 19 is arranged on one side, away from the first bracket 22, of the first cam 20, the second bracket 19 is fixedly connected to the top end of the support plate 4, a rotating shaft 21 is arranged between the first bracket 22 and the second bracket 19, two ends of the rotating shaft 21 are respectively rotatably connected with the first bracket 22 and the second bracket 19, the first cam 20 and the ratchet wheel 25 are fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 21, and one end of the transmission rod 24 is rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft 21.
The motor controller 37 drives the driving motor 26 to rotate through the motor driver C43, the driving motor 26 drives the second cam 28 fixedly connected with the driving motor to rotate, the second cam 28 pushes against the second slide bar 29, the second slide bar 29 moves up and down under the action of the spring 27, the second slide bar 29 drives the transmission rod 24 rotatably connected with the second slide bar to rotate around the rotating shaft 21, the pawl 23 hinged with the second slide bar is further driven to move along the ratchet 25, when the second slide bar 29 moves downwards under the action of the spring 27, the pawl 23 is driven to push against the ratchet 25 to rotate, the first cam 20 coaxially and fixedly connected with the first slide bar is further driven to rotate, the first cam 20 pushes against the first slide bar 17, the first slide bar 17 drives the third connecting rod 16 hinged with the first slide bar to move, the mounting rack 3 hinged with the third connecting rod 16 is further driven to move, the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel 1 is finally realized, the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel 1 is realized according to the change of the rising angle of the sun in one year, the photovoltaic panel 1 is fully irradiated, and the solar energy conversion rate is further improved.
Further, the control mechanism comprises a photovoltaic controller 42, the photovoltaic controller 42 is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel 1, and the photovoltaic controller 42 is electrically connected with the storage battery 41 and the motor controller 37; the motor controller 37 is electrically connected with a motor driver a35, a motor driver B36 and a motor driver C43, the motor driver a35 and the motor driver B36 are respectively electrically connected with the two electric push rods 12, and the motor driver C43 is electrically connected with the driving motor 26; the photoelectric sensor 2 is electrically connected with the motor controller 37. The sun tracking device realizes the control of the posture adjusting mechanism and the lifting mechanism through the control mechanism, finishes the sun tracking of the sun tracking device, has high automation degree, more accurate control on the sun tracking device and quicker response. Meanwhile, a part of the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic panel 1 is supplied to the storage battery 41, and the storage battery 41 stores the electric energy, so that energy can be provided for the operation of the driving motor 26 and the electric push rod 12 without providing additional energy.
Further, the photovoltaic controller 42 is electrically connected to an inverter 40 and a DC load 38, and the inverter 40 is electrically connected to an AC load 39. The DC power rectified by the photovoltaic controller 42 is supplied directly to the DC load 38 and may be converted into AC power by the inverter 40 to be supplied directly to the AC load 39.
Further, the photovoltaic controller 42 has a series of control and protection functions such as charge and discharge control, overcharge and overdischarge protection, overload and reverse connection protection and the like in the sun tracking device, a second-generation intelligent solar photoelectric controller is selected, the rated charging current is automatically identified to be 10-50A, the system voltage is automatically identified to be 12V/24V, and PWM (pulse width modulation) can be carried out in the control mode during charging.
Further, the motor controller 37 adopts an intelligent double-shaft controller BE-1209 with a motion control chip as a core, the input voltage is 24V, the signal output is 5-24V pulse and direction signals, the compiling, reading, deleting and storing of programs can BE realized, and the transmission, the test and the operation of instruction programs can BE realized by performing serial communication through a serial port and an upper computer program. The motor controller 37 can store data collected by the photoelectric sensor 2 every day, when the shade is shielded, the photoelectric signal difference value returned by the photoelectric sensor 2 is large, the motor controller 37 can operate the data collected by the photoelectric sensor 2 in the previous day, and the motor driver A35 and the motor driver B36 are controlled by the time relay 44 to drive the two electric push rods 12 to realize posture adjustment and sun tracking.
A control method of a sun tracking device is based on any one of the sun tracking devices, a photovoltaic panel 1 outputs direct current, a photovoltaic controller 42 is used for charging a storage battery 41 after the direct current is set, and meanwhile, power is supplied to a motor controller 37;
the photoelectric sensor 2 collects data, the motor controller 37 processes the data collected by the photoelectric sensor 2, and the motor controller 37 controls the motor driver A35, the motor driver B36 and the motor driver C43 according to the data collected by the photoelectric sensor 2;
the motor driver A35 and the motor driver B36 respectively control the two electric push rods 12 to move to realize the adjustment of the posture of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the motor driver C43 controls the driving motor 26 to move to realize the adjustment of the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel 1.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: the motor controller 37 jointly controls the extension and retraction of the two electric push rods 12 according to the parameters acquired by the photoelectric sensor 2, so as to drive the second supporting rod 9 and the third supporting rod 8 fixedly connected with the two electric push rods to move along the vertical direction, because the top ends of the first supporting rod 7 and the first connecting rod 10 are respectively connected with the second tripod 6 through the first universal joint 31 and the second universal joint 30, the third supporting rod 8 is connected with the second tripod 6 through a spherical pair, the bottom end of the first connecting rod 10 is hinged with the top end of the second supporting rod 9, and the first connecting rod 10 swings on a plane formed by the supporting rods and the second supporting rod 9, so that the second tripod 6 can move by taking the joint of the first supporting rod 7 and the second tripod 6 as a point, and further drive the photovoltaic panel 1 to move; the motor controller 37 controls the driving motor 26 to rotate, the driving motor 26 drives the ratchet wheel 25 to rotate, the ratchet wheel 25 drives the first cam 20 fixedly connected with the ratchet wheel to rotate, the first slide rod 17 is pushed, the first slide rod 17 drives the third connecting rod 16 hinged with the first slide rod 17 to move, and then the mounting rack 3 hinged with the third connecting rod 16 is driven to move, finally, the angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 is adjusted according to the change of the rising angle of the sun in one year, the photovoltaic panel 1 is fully irradiated, and the solar energy conversion rate is further improved.
The second embodiment:
referring to fig. 8, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the motor controller 37 is electrically connected to the motor driver C43 through the time relay 44.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: the motor controller 37 can store the operation parameters of the driving motor 26, the total angle a of the rotation of the photovoltaic panel 1 in one day is b, the solar panel rotates for a/b times in one day when the rotation angle of the lifting mechanism and the rotating shaft is b, the working time of the photovoltaic panel 1 in one day is 12h, the set energization time is 12/(a/b) h, the time relay 44 is energized according to the operation condition of the previous day under the condition of shade cloud shielding, the time relay 44 controls the motor driver C43 to be started, and the driving motor 26 drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate; when the delay time of the time relay 44 is over, the time relay 44 controls the motor driver C43 to stop working, and the lifting device stops rotating.
Example three:
referring to fig. 9, the joints of the first connecting rod 10 and the second supporting rod 9 and the joints of the third connecting rod 16 and the first sliding rod 17 are provided with limiting assemblies, and the first connecting rod 10 and the second supporting rod 9 and the third connecting rod 16 and the first sliding rod 17 are hinged through the limiting assemblies;
the limiting assembly comprises a rotating sleeve 45, and a shaft core 49 is rotatably connected in the rotating sleeve 45; two clamping grooves 46 are circumferentially formed in the shaft core 49, the two clamping grooves 46 are symmetrically arranged, and the cross section of each clamping groove 46 is in a right-angled triangle shape; a groove is formed in the inner side of the rotating sleeve 45, a clamping block 48 matched with the clamping groove 46 is connected in the groove in a sliding mode, a plurality of springs 47 are arranged between the bottom end of the groove and the clamping block 48, and two ends of each spring 47 are fixedly connected with the groove and the clamping block 36 respectively; two clamping blocks 48 are arranged, and the angle formed by the two clamping blocks 48 is not equal to the angle formed by the two clamping grooves 46;
the two rotating sleeves 45 are fixedly connected with the first connecting rod 10 and the third connecting rod 16 respectively, and the two shaft cores 49 are fixedly connected with the second supporting rod 9 and the first sliding rod 17 respectively.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: articulated through spacing subassembly, when a joint piece 48 and a joint groove 46 joint, another joint piece 48 and another joint groove 46 not joint, when axle core 49 antiport, because joint groove 46 cross-section is right angled triangle, the joint is relieved with joint groove 46 to joint piece 48, when turning to a certain angle when a joint piece 48 and a joint groove 46 joint, then can't rotate, prevents that turned angle is too big to cause elevating system and gesture adjustment mechanism to damage.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A sun-tracking device, characterized by: the device comprises a base (14) and a control mechanism, wherein the top end of the base (14) is fixedly connected with a posture adjusting mechanism, and the top end of the posture adjusting mechanism is fixedly connected with a supporting plate (4); the top end of the supporting plate (4) is hinged with an installation rack (3), and a photovoltaic plate (1) is fixedly embedded in the top end of the installation rack (3); a lifting mechanism (5) is arranged between the supporting plate (4) and the mounting rack (3), the top end of the lifting mechanism (5) is hinged with the mounting rack (3), and the bottom end of the lifting mechanism (5) is fixedly connected with the supporting plate (4); the side walls of the mounting rack (3) are fixedly connected with a plurality of photoelectric sensors (2), and the photovoltaic panel (1), the lifting mechanism (5), the posture adjusting mechanism and the photoelectric sensors (2) are electrically connected with the control mechanism;
the posture adjusting mechanism comprises a power part fixed at the top end of the base (14) and a posture adjusting part positioned above the power part, and the power part is electrically connected with the control mechanism; the posture adjusting part comprises a second tripod (6), a first tripod (11) is arranged below the second tripod (6), the first tripod (11) is fixedly connected to the top end of the power part, a first supporting rod (7), a second supporting rod (9) and a third supporting rod (8) are arranged between the first tripod (11) and the second tripod (6), and the first supporting rod (7), the second supporting rod (9) and the third supporting rod (8) are distributed in a triangular shape; first bracing piece (7) bottom with first tripod (11) rigid coupling, second bracing piece (9) bottom with third bracing piece (8) bottom all runs through first tripod (11) and with first tripod (11) sliding connection, first bracing piece (7) top second bracing piece (9) top with third bracing piece (8) top all with second tripod (6) swing joint, second bracing piece (9) bottom with third bracing piece (8) bottom all with power portion transmission is connected.
2. A sun-tracking device according to claim 1, wherein: the top end of the first supporting rod (7) is fixedly connected with a first universal joint (31), and the tail end of the first universal joint (31) is fixedly connected with the second tripod (6).
3. A solar tracking apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein: the utility model discloses a joint, including first bracing piece (9), second bracing piece (9), first connecting rod (10) are in the swing in the plane that first bracing piece (7) and second bracing piece (9) formed, first connecting rod (10) top rigid coupling has second universal joint (30), second universal joint (30) end with second tripod (6) rigid coupling.
4. A sun-tracking device according to claim 3, wherein: third bracing piece (8) top with the equal rigid coupling in second tripod (6) bottom has ball seat (32), two be provided with second connecting rod (33) between ball seat (32), the equal rigid coupling in second connecting rod (33) both ends has bulb (34), two bulb (34) respectively with two ball seat (32) sliding connection.
5. A sun-tracking device according to claim 1, wherein: the power portion includes electric putter (12) and dead lever (13), second bracing piece (9) bottom with the equal rigid coupling in third bracing piece (8) bottom has electric putter (12), the bottom of electric putter (12) with base (14) rigid coupling, dead lever (13) top with first tripod (11) bottom rigid coupling, dead lever (13) bottom with base (14) top rigid coupling, two electric putter (12) all with control mechanism electric connection.
6. A sun-tracking device according to claim 5, wherein: the lifting mechanism (5) comprises a sliding sleeve (18) fixedly connected to the top end of the supporting plate (4), a first sliding rod (17) is connected to the inside of the sliding sleeve (18) in a sliding mode, a third connecting rod (16) is hinged to the top end of the first sliding rod (17), the tail end of the third connecting rod (16) is hinged to the mounting frame (3), a first cam (20) is rotatably connected to the lower portion of the sliding sleeve (18), and the first cam (20) is in contact with the bottom end of the first sliding rod (17); backup pad (4) top rigid coupling has driving motor (26) and drive assembly, driving motor (26) pass through drive assembly with first cam (20) transmission is connected, driving motor (26) with control mechanism electric connection.
7. A sun-tracking device according to claim 6, wherein: the transmission assembly comprises a first support (22) fixedly connected to the top end of the support plate (4), a ratchet wheel (25) is rotatably connected to one side, close to the first cam (20), of the first support (22), and the ratchet wheel (25) is coaxially and fixedly connected with the first cam (20); one side, far away from the first cam (20), of the ratchet wheel (25) is rotatably connected with a transmission rod (24), the tail end of the transmission rod (24) is hinged with a pawl (23), and the pawl (23) is meshed with the ratchet wheel (25); a second sliding rod (29) is connected onto the first support (22) in a sliding mode, a spring (27) is sleeved at the bottom of the second sliding rod (29), one end of the spring (27) is fixedly connected with the first support (22), the other end of the spring (27) is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the second sliding rod (29), and one side of the second sliding rod (29) is rotatably connected with the transmission rod (24); and an output shaft of the driving motor (26) is fixedly connected with a second cam (28), and the second cam (28) is contacted with the bottom end of the second sliding rod (29).
8. A sun-tracking device according to claim 7, wherein: the control mechanism comprises a photovoltaic controller (42), the photovoltaic controller (42) is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel (1), and the photovoltaic controller (42) is electrically connected with a storage battery (41) and a motor controller (37); the motor controller (37) is electrically connected with a motor driver A (35), a motor driver B (36) and a motor driver C (43), the motor driver A (35) and the motor driver B (36) are respectively electrically connected with the two electric push rods (12), and the motor driver C (43) is electrically connected with the driving motor (26); the photoelectric sensor (2) is electrically connected with the motor controller (37).
9. A control method of a sun tracking apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the photovoltaic panel (1) outputs direct current, the direct current is set through the photovoltaic controller (42) and then is charged to the storage battery (41), and meanwhile power is supplied to the motor controller (37);
the photoelectric sensor (2) collects data, the motor controller (37) processes the data collected by the photoelectric sensor (2), and the motor controller (37) controls the motor driver A (35), the motor driver B (36) and the motor driver C (43) according to the data collected by the photoelectric sensor (2);
the motor driver A (35) and the motor driver B (36) respectively control the two electric push rods (12) to move to realize the adjustment of the posture of the photovoltaic panel (1), and the motor driver C (43) controls the driving motor (26) to move to realize the adjustment of the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel (1).
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