CN113885336A - Piezoelectric driver track tracking control method based on integral high-order sliding mode control - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of piezoelectric driver control, and particularly discloses an integral high-order sliding mode control piezoelectric driver track tracking control method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: collecting signals of the piezoelectric driver, and identifying a mathematical model of the piezoelectric driver by adopting a second-order linearized mathematical model; step 2: estimating the total disturbance of the system by adopting an extended state observer; and step 3: and according to the identified mathematical model and the total disturbance estimated by the extended state observer, realizing high-precision track tracking control of the piezoelectric driver by adopting an integral high-order sliding mode controller. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the problem that disturbance upper bound can not be accurately obtained is solved, the convergence speed is high, the singularity problem is avoided, the continuity of the control quantity is guaranteed, the buffeting phenomenon is effectively improved, and the control precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of piezoelectric driver control, in particular to a piezoelectric driver track tracking control method based on integral high-order sliding mode control.
Background
With the continuous development and progress of micro-nano technology, the application requirements of high-precision systems are continuously increased, and meanwhile, higher requirements on motion precision, resolution and the like are provided. Compared with the traditional rigid mechanism, the flexible mechanism has the advantages of low cost, small volume, no friction, no clearance, high resolution, easiness in production and the like, and is widely applied to high-precision motion systems such as micro-nano technology and the like. Because the traditional alternating current/direct current motor is difficult to meet the requirement of high-precision driving force, the piezoelectric driver has the advantages of small volume, high precision, large driving force, high response speed, low noise and the like, is particularly suitable for high-precision motion in a small motion range, and is widely applied to precision displacement positioning systems of nano operation, ultra-precision machining, scanning probe microscopes, active optical elements, biomedical engineering and the like. A high-precision positioning system formed by a piezoelectric driver as a driving device and a flexible mechanism as a transmission device is a common high-precision positioning scheme.
Due to the characteristics of complex nonlinearity, difficult analysis of stability and the like of the flexible mechanism, the analysis and control of the flexible mechanism have certain difficulty. Therefore, semi-closed loop control schemes are often employed for flexible mechanisms based on piezoelectric actuator actuation. The piezoelectric actuator is used as a controlled object, and the track tracking control of the flexible transmission mechanism is realized by controlling the movement of the piezoelectric actuator. The piezoelectric driver has asymmetric hysteresis characteristics related to the frequency of an input signal, namely, a multivalued mapping phenomenon related to the frequency of the input signal is presented between the input voltage and the output displacement. This frequency dependent hysteresis can severely affect the control accuracy of the system and at the same time reduce the robust stability of the system. Therefore, the hysteresis nonlinearity of the piezoelectric driver is analyzed, modeled and compensated to realize the rapid and high-precision track tracking control of the piezoelectric driver, and the method is very important for the stable and efficient operation of a high-precision positioning system.
In order to realize high-precision trajectory tracking control of the piezoelectric actuator, most of the control schemes adopted by the current scholars are robust and stable control schemes, and a targeted improvement method is provided according to the problems in the control law so as to improve the control precision of the controller. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) has the advantages of fast response speed and simple design, has strong robustness to external interference and model uncertainty, achieves a control target by guiding and maintaining a system state on a preset sliding mode surface, and has been increasingly applied to the field of trajectory tracking control of systems. However, the sliding mode control has the disadvantages of gradual convergence, inaccurate estimation of the disturbance upper bound, discontinuity of the control quantity and the like, and limits the control precision of the control method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, an object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric driver trajectory tracking control method based on integral high-order sliding mode control, which includes steps 1: collecting signals of the piezoelectric driver, and identifying a mathematical model of the piezoelectric driver by adopting a second-order linearized mathematical model; step 2: estimating the total disturbance of the system by adopting an extended state observer; and step 3: according to the identified mathematical model and the total disturbance estimated by the extended state observer, the integral high-order sliding mode controller is adopted to realize the high-precision track tracking control of the piezoelectric driver, and the piezoelectric driver track tracking control method based on the integral high-order sliding mode control has the advantages of solving the problem that the disturbance upper bound cannot be accurately obtained, being high in convergence speed, avoiding the singularity problem, ensuring the continuity of the control quantity, effectively improving the buffeting phenomenon and improving the control precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the piezoelectric driver track tracking control method based on integral high-order sliding mode control comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring input signals and output signals of the piezoelectric driver, and identifying a mathematical model of the piezoelectric driver by adopting a second-order linearized mathematical model according to the acquired data;
step 2: estimating total disturbance in a system dynamic process by adopting an extended state observer;
and step 3: and (3) estimating the total disturbance of the system according to the identified mathematical model of the piezoelectric actuator and the extended state observer, and realizing high-precision track tracking control of the piezoelectric actuator by adopting an integral high-order sliding mode controller.
Preferably, in step 1, the piezoelectric actuator model is described by using a second-order linearized mathematical model, the expression of which is as follows:
in the above formula, ξ is the damping ratio; k is the gain of the piezoelectric actuator; omeganIs the natural frequency; u (t) is the input voltage of the piezoelectric driver; x (t) is the output displacement of the piezoelectric actuator; f. ofd(t) is the total disturbance of the hysteresis nonlinearity and external interference; h (t) is a hysteresis state variable; d (t) is external interference.
Preferably, step 2 comprises the steps of:
step 2.1: let x1=x,The state space expression corresponding to the piezoelectric actuator model is obtained as follows:
step 2.2: will f isd/q1As an extended state x3I.e. order x3=fd/q1Obtaining an expansion state space expression corresponding to the piezoelectric driver model as follows:
step 2.3: the expression of the extended state observer of the piezo actuator is designed as follows:
in the above formula, z1,z2 and z3Respectively extended state observer in state x1,x2 and x3The lower observed value is also the state of the extended state observer;the output displacement observed value of the piezoelectric driver is also the output of the extended state observer; theta1,θ2 and θ3Is the gain of the extended state observer;
step 2.4: the extended state observer estimates the total disturbance of the system, and the estimated value of the total disturbance of the system is recorded as
In this embodiment, the integral high-order sliding mode controller is an integral three-order sliding mode controller, and a calculation formula of the tracking error and each order derivative thereof adopted by the integral high-order sliding mode controller is as follows:
e(t)=xr(t)-x(t);
in the above formula, e (t) is the tracking error of the system, xr(t) is the desired input trajectory of the system, and x (t) is the actual output trajectory of the system.
Preferably, the integral high-order sliding mode surface adopted by the integral high-order sliding mode controller and the calculation formula of each order derivative thereof are as follows:
in the above formula, the parameter satisfies beta1>0,β2>0,β3>0,1<α1<2,α1<α2The conditions of (a); and (e)α=|e|αsgn (e), sgn (e) is a sign function, and the expression of sgn (e) is as follows:
preferably, the calculation formula of the sliding mode control rate adopted by the integral high-order sliding mode controller is as follows:
u(t)=ueq(t)+un(t)
in the above formula, the equivalent control ueqThe expression of (t) is as follows:
non-linear control unThe expression of (t) is as follows:
in the above formula, the parameter satisfies k1>0,k2>0,k3Condition > 0.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the extended state observer designed by the invention can accurately estimate the total disturbance in the dynamic process of the system, and solves the problem that the upper limit of the disturbance cannot be accurately obtained.
2. The integral high-order sliding mode surface designed by the invention can ensure that the tracking error of the system is converged to zero in limited time, solves the problem of gradual convergence in infinite time, has high convergence speed and can avoid the occurrence of a singular problem.
3. The high-order sliding mode control law designed by the invention ensures the continuity of the control quantity, can effectively improve the influence of buffeting and simultaneously improves the control precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric actuator control system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present embodiment discloses a piezoelectric driver trajectory tracking control method based on integral high-order sliding mode control, an experiment is performed on a platform of a single-degree-of-freedom flexible mechanism driven by a piezoelectric driver, as shown in fig. 1 below, an experimental system mainly includes the piezoelectric driver, a servo controller, a real-time simulation controller, a displacement sensor, a computer, a flexible reducing mechanism and an industrial camera, the computer, the real-time simulation controller, the servo controller, the piezoelectric driver and the flexible reducing mechanism are electrically connected in sequence, the piezoelectric driver is electrically connected with the real-time simulation controller, the piezoelectric driver feeds displacement data back to the real-time simulation controller, and a control algorithm of the piezoelectric driver is implemented in the computer by using programmable software; secondly, compiling corresponding codes and modules into an executable target file of the embedded system, downloading the target file into a real-time simulation controller, and sending a voltage digital signal to a servo controller by the real-time simulation controller according to given reference input; then, an input voltage digital signal is converted into an input voltage analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), the voltage is amplified through a voltage amplifier and directly applied to a piezoelectric driver, so that the piezoelectric driver generates corresponding displacement, a displacement signal generated by the piezoelectric driver is obtained through measurement of a built-in displacement sensor, an output displacement analog signal is converted into an output displacement digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the output displacement digital signal is stored in a computer, the displacement data is used as real-time output displacement feedback of a system, and an industrial camera detects actual displacement of the flexible reducing mechanism.
The piezoelectric driver track tracking control method based on integral high-order sliding mode control comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring input signals and output signals of the piezoelectric driver, and identifying a mathematical model of the piezoelectric driver by adopting a second-order linearized mathematical model according to the acquired data;
step 2: estimating total disturbance in a system dynamic process by adopting an extended state observer;
and step 3: according to the identified mathematical model of the piezoelectric actuator and the total disturbance estimated to the system by the extended state observer, the high-precision trajectory tracking control of the piezoelectric actuator is realized by adopting an integral high-order sliding mode controller, as shown in the following figure 2, a reference input is acted on the integral high-order sliding mode controller, wherein an extended state observer is used to observe the total disturbance of the system, thereby generating a control signal and acting on the piezoelectric actuator, whereby the piezoelectric actuator generates a corresponding output signal, the signal is compared with a reference input signal to generate an error signal, the error signal is applied to an integral high-order sliding mode controller to generate a corresponding control signal to reduce the error, therefore, the feedback mechanism and the design of the integral high-order sliding mode controller can enable the system to achieve the purpose of outputting a signal with no difference to track a parameter input signal, namely the high-precision track tracking control of the piezoelectric driver.
The extended state observer designed by the invention can accurately estimate the total disturbance in the dynamic process of the system, and solves the problem that the upper disturbance bound can not be accurately obtained;
the integral high-order sliding mode surface designed by the invention can ensure that the tracking error of the system is converged to zero in limited time, solves the problem of gradual convergence in infinite time, has high convergence speed and can avoid the occurrence of a singular problem;
the high-order sliding mode control law designed by the invention ensures the continuity of the control quantity, can effectively improve the influence of buffeting and simultaneously improves the control precision.
Further, in step 1, the piezoelectric actuator model is described by using a second-order linearized mathematical model, and an expression of the second-order linearized mathematical model is as follows:
in the above formula, ξ is the damping ratio; k is the gain of the piezoelectric actuator; omeganIs the natural frequency, xi, k and ωnAre all fixed values, related to the structure of the piezoelectric actuator itself; u (t) is the input voltage of the piezoelectric driver and also represents the output voltage of the closed-loop control controller; x (t) is the output displacement of the piezoelectric actuator; f. ofd(t) is the total disturbance of the hysteresis nonlinearity and external interference; h (t) is a hysteresis state variable; and d (t) is external interference, and a mathematical model of the piezoelectric actuator is identified according to the collected experimental data.
Further, step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: let x1=x,The state space expression corresponding to the piezoelectric actuator model is obtained as follows:
step 2.2: will f isd/q1As an extended state x3I.e. order x3=fd/q1Obtaining an expansion state space expression corresponding to the piezoelectric driver model as follows:
step 2.3: the expression of the extended state observer of the piezo actuator is designed as follows:
in the above formula, z1,z2 and z3Respectively extended state observer in state x1,x2 and x3The lower observed value is also the state of the extended state observer;the output displacement observed value of the piezoelectric driver is also the output of the extended state observer; theta1,θ2 and θ3Is the gain of the extended state observer, theta1,θ2And theta3All the values are fixed values and are related to the structure of the extended state observer;
step 2.4: the extended state observer estimates the total disturbance of the system, and the estimated value of the total disturbance of the system is recorded as
Further, the calculation formula of the tracking error and each order derivative thereof adopted by the integral high-order sliding mode controller is as follows:
e(t)=xr(t)-x(t);
in the above formula, e (t) is the tracking error of the system, xr(t) is the desired input trajectory of the system, and x (t) is the actual output trajectory of the system.
Further, a calculation formula of an integral high-order sliding mode surface and each order derivative thereof adopted by the integral high-order sliding mode controller is as follows:
in the above formula, the parameter satisfies beta1>0,β2>0,β3>0,1<α1<2,α1<α2The conditions of (a); and (e)α=|e|αsgn (e), sgn (e) is a sign function, and the expression of sgn (e) is as follows:
further, a calculation formula of the sliding mode control rate adopted by the integral high-order sliding mode controller is as follows:
u(t)=ueq(t)+un(t)
in the above formula, the equivalent control ueqThe expression of (t) is as follows:
non-linear control unThe expression of (t) is as follows:
in the above formula, the parameter satisfies k1>0,k2>0,k3Condition > 0.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (6)
1. The piezoelectric driver track tracking control method based on integral high-order sliding mode control is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: acquiring input signals and output signals of the piezoelectric driver, and identifying a mathematical model of the piezoelectric driver by adopting a second-order linearized mathematical model according to the acquired data;
step 2: estimating total disturbance in a system dynamic process by adopting an extended state observer;
and step 3: and (3) estimating the total disturbance of the system according to the identified mathematical model of the piezoelectric actuator and the extended state observer, and realizing high-precision track tracking control of the piezoelectric actuator by adopting an integral high-order sliding mode controller.
2. The piezoelectric actuator trajectory tracking control method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the piezoelectric actuator model is described using a second-order linearized mathematical model, an expression of which is as follows:
in the above formula, ξ is the damping ratio; k is the gain of the piezoelectric actuator; omeganIs the natural frequency; u (t) is the input voltage of the piezoelectric driver; x (t) is the output displacement of the piezoelectric actuator; f. ofd(t) is the total disturbance of the hysteresis nonlinearity and external interference; h (t) is a hysteresis state variable; d (t) is external interference.
3. The piezoelectric actuator trajectory tracking control method according to claim 2, wherein step 2 includes the steps of:
step 2.1: let x1=x,The state space expression corresponding to the piezoelectric actuator model is obtained as follows:
step 2.2: will f isd/q1As an extended state x3I.e. order x3=fd/q1Obtaining an expansion state space expression corresponding to the piezoelectric driver model as follows:
step 2.3: the expression of the extended state observer of the piezo actuator is designed as follows:
in the above formula, z1,z2 and z3Respectively extended state observer in state x1,x2 and x3The lower observed value is also the state of the extended state observer;the output displacement observed value of the piezoelectric driver is also the output of the extended state observer; theta1,θ2 and θ3Is the gain of the extended state observer;
4. The piezoelectric actuator trajectory tracking control method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the tracking error and its derivatives of each order adopted by the integral high-order sliding mode controller is as follows:
e(t)=xr(t)-x(t);
in the above formula, e (t) is the tracking error of the system, xr(t) is the desired input trajectory of the system, and x (t) is the actual output trajectory of the system.
5. The piezoelectric actuator trajectory tracking control method according to claim 4, wherein the integral high-order sliding mode controller adopts a calculation formula of an integral high-order sliding mode surface and each order derivative thereof as follows:
in the above formula, the parameter satisfies beta1>0,β2>0,β3>0,1<α1<2,α1<α2The conditions of (a); and (e)α=|e|αsgn (e), sgn (e) is a sign function, and the expression of sgn (e) is as follows:
6. the piezoelectric actuator trajectory tracking control method according to claim 5, wherein a calculation formula of the sliding mode control rate adopted by the integral high-order sliding mode controller is as follows:
u(t)=ueq(t)+un(t)
in the above formula, the equivalent control ueqThe expression of (t) is as follows:
non-linear control unThe expression of (t) is as follows:
in the above formula, the parameter satisfies k1>0,k2>0,k3Condition > 0.
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