CN113884995A - STAP radar interference signal generation method based on space-time joint modulation - Google Patents
STAP radar interference signal generation method based on space-time joint modulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113884995A CN113884995A CN202111332540.6A CN202111332540A CN113884995A CN 113884995 A CN113884995 A CN 113884995A CN 202111332540 A CN202111332540 A CN 202111332540A CN 113884995 A CN113884995 A CN 113884995A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/38—Jamming means, e.g. producing false echoes
Abstract
The invention discloses an interference signal generation method for space-time adaptive processing of STAP based on space-time joint modulation, which mainly solves the problems that the existing interference modulation method for STAP technology has higher modulation mode complexity and high hardware requirement, and interference may present certain regularity. The scheme of the invention is as follows: the jammer receives the radar signal and carries out amplitude phase modulation on the radar signal to generate a jamming signal; designing a random interference emission time sequence in an coherent processing pulse interval of the STAP; randomly arranging stations of the jammers at the spatial position of a radar incoming wave plane; the jammer forwards the jammer signal according to the generated timing. The invention reduces the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio by less than 10dB, improves the detection false alarm rate, generates interference without regularity, reduces the modulation complexity, saves hardware resources and can be used for the interference of the STAP method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar, and further relates to a Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) interference signal generation method based on Space-Time joint modulation in the technical field of radar interference. The method can be used for modulating and forwarding the receiver-borne early warning radar signal by the jammer to generate the interfering airborne early warning radar signal.
Background
The airborne early warning radar can overcome the influence of the curvature of the earth and the shielding of ground objects, has the advantages of high standing and far seeing, and adopts the STAP technology as the core technology for realizing the detection of the moving target by visually inhibiting the clutter on the ground and the sea surface at the low altitude. Because the received data adopted by the STAP technology is echo signals from a plurality of pulse repetition periods in a time domain and a plurality of array antenna units in an air domain, two-dimensional combined adaptive processing in the time domain and the air domain is realized, the inhibition capability of the airborne early warning radar on traditional interference signals is greatly improved, the working capability of the airborne early warning radar is greatly improved, and the traditional interference signals only interfere from the time domain or the air domain and cannot effectively interfere with the STAP. The degree of freedom of the full-dimensional STAP radar system is equal to the product of the number of pulses and the number of array elements, a large number of training samples are needed, the operation amount is large, and the condition of independent and identically distributed training samples is difficult to guarantee, so that the dimension reduction space-time adaptive processing is the main research direction at present.
Xue Bingxin, Zhang Youyi et al proposed a method for generating an interference signal of space-time adaptive processing STAP in published article "study of interference effect of airborne early warning radar STAP technology based on frequency shift decoy" (ship electronic countermeasure, 2012, volume 35, phase 1). The method is realized by the steps that a radar jammer intercepts a radar emission signal, then the whole pulse width of the signal is averagely divided into N sections, and additional frequency shift modulation is carried out in each section to generate an interference signal, so that the signal environment becomes non-uniform, and the processing performance of the STAP technology is influenced. Although the method can form a non-uniform environment to reduce the performance of the STAP system, the method still has the defects that because the method can only carry out interference modulation on each signal, the number of interference false targets formed by the method is small, and the generated interference signals have certain regularity and are easy to intercept and crack by people.
A paper published by Tangxian nations, Zhang Jianyun and the like for 'side lobe interference to an airborne phased array radar STAP technology' (firepower and command control, 2014, vol 39, No. 2) provides a side lobe interference generation method based on smart noise. The method is realized by the steps that an interference machine intercepts radar signals, modulates the time domain and the frequency domain of the signals in sequence to generate interference signals, and forms a large number of false moving targets by utilizing the characteristic that the generated interference signals are widened in a range-Doppler domain after being processed by a radar MTD. When the distance-Doppler information of the false target is matched with the channel to be detected, response output is generated to form deceptive interference so as to disturb normal detection of the target. The method has the disadvantages that the signal needs to be modulated in both time domain and frequency domain, and the process of generating the interference signal is complex.
In the published article "convolutional modulation interference research on space-time adaptive technology" (radar science and technology, 2018, 5 th stage), the plum-jieyang, the pruida and the like propose a method for generating STAP radar interference based on transmit-receive time-division convolutional modulation. The method comprises the steps of firstly, intermittently sampling and storing intercepted radar signals, then, carrying out convolution modulation on the signals obtained by sampling and stored noise, and finally, delaying, superposing and forwarding the obtained interference signals. The interference method can generate false target groups with randomly fluctuating amplitudes and randomly distributed intervals, and the condition that training samples are independently and simultaneously distributed is damaged, so that the performance of the STAP system is reduced. However, the method still has the defects that the radar signals are subjected to intermittent sampling, convolution modulation and delay superposition in sequence, and the requirement on a hardware system generating interference is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a space-time adaptive processing STAP interference signal generation method based on space-time joint modulation, which is used for solving the problems that the prior art has fewer interference false targets and certain regularity and is easy to intercept and crack by people; the interference modulation process is complex, and the requirement on a hardware system generating interference is high.
The idea for realizing the purpose of the invention is that the invention designs a random interference emission time sequence in the coherent processing pulse interval of the STAP, then randomly arranges stations at the radar incoming wave plane space position by combining with an interference machine, the interference emission direction is aligned to the radar direction, and the interference is forwarded according to the generated time sequence. Thus, the randomness of the transmission timing between pulses and the direction of the incoming interference wave makes the nature and source of the interference uncertain, and the timing and the station placement position of each interference transmission may change, without any regular statement. Therefore, the interference modulation rule generated by the invention is difficult to be found by people, so that the risk of interference being cracked is greatly reduced. In the interference generation process, only simple amplitude phase modulation is needed to be carried out on the received radar signal and then the radar signal is directly forwarded, modulation can be realized only by two multipliers at least, complex signal power calculation is not needed to regenerate interference and complex interference modulation, interference generation is simple, the occupation rate of hardware resources is low, the requirement on hardware is low, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified in practical projects. The space-time combined modulation destroys the independent and same distribution condition of sample data, so that the sample data lacks enough freedom degree, destroys the uniformity and the stationarity of a clutter environment, and can effectively interfere the STAP radar.
To achieve the above object, the implementation scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1, generating a time domain interference emission time sequence:
randomly generating a time domain interference emission time sequence in each coherent processing pulse interval of the STAP algorithm;
in the radar incoming wave plane space, based on the random transmitting time sequence generated in the step 1, the random position of the jammer is combined to arrange stations, and the transmitting direction of the jammer is aligned to the radar incoming wave direction;
step 3, amplitude phase modulation is carried out on each radar signal intercepted by the jammer;
step 4, sending the signals after amplitude phase modulation:
and (3) each jammer aims at the radar direction, and transmits the modulated radar jamming signals according to the random jamming transmitting time sequence generated in the step (1).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, because the invention designs a random interference emission time sequence in the coherent processing pulse interval of the STAP, and then randomly arranges stations in the radar incoming wave plane space position by combining the jammers, the invention overcomes the problem that the interference signal generated by the prior art to the STAP radar has single regularity and is easy to be intercepted and cracked by people. The STAP radar generated by the invention has more interference signals, and the nature and the source of the interference are uncertain, so that the interference rule is difficult to be found by people, and the risk of breaking the interference is greatly reduced.
Secondly, in the interference generation process of the invention, only simple amplitude phase modulation is needed to be carried out on the received radar signal, and modulation can be realized by at least two multipliers, so that the problems of large hardware resource occupation and high hardware requirement caused by complex interference power calculation and complex interference modulation technology adopted when the interference signal to the STAP radar is generated in the prior art are solved. The invention has the advantages of simpler generation of interference signals of the STAP radar, lower requirement on hardware, effective interference on the STAP radar, reduction of the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio by less than 10dB and great improvement of false alarm rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram comparing the normal timing (timing 1) with the generated random timing (timing 2) according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the result of interference space-time adaptive processing of measured data according to the generated timing sequence.
Detailed Description
Embodiments and effects of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Step 1, generating a time domain interference emission time sequence.
Randomly generating a time domain interference emission time sequence in each coherent processing pulse interval of the STAP algorithm; the randomly generated time domain interference emission timing refers to: the transmission time sequence is the transmission time delay of the interference machine after receiving and copying the radar signal and modulating, and is tauk,mWherein K is 0 < K, M is 0 < MkK denotes the number of pulses in the coherent processing interval, MkThe interference quantity forwarded by the kth pulse is represented, and the randomly generated transmission time sequence needs to ensure that the interference transmission quantity between each pulse and the interference transmission time delay in each pulse are random. The comparison of the normal timing sequence with the generated random timing sequence is shown in fig. 2, where the x-axis represents the time delay of interference forwarding, the y-axis represents the pulse sequence number, the rectangle represents the received radar pulse signal, and the triangle represents the forwarded interference signal.
And 2, arranging the spatial position of the jammer.
And (3) in the plane space of the radar incoming wave, based on the random transmitting time sequence generated in the step (1), and then the random position of the interference machine is combined to arrange the station, wherein the transmitting direction of the interference is aligned to the direction of the radar incoming wave.
Step 3, performing amplitude phase modulation on each radar signal intercepted by the jammer according to the following formula:
jk(t)＝Js(t-τ0)exp(j2πfdmt)
wherein j isk(t) represents an interference signal obtained by amplitude phase modulation of the kth radar pulse signal at t time intercepted by the jammer, 0<t<T, T denotes the radar pulse signal duration, J denotes the amplitude modulation factor determined in accordance with the amplitude of the received radar pulse signal, s (T- τ)0) The pulse signal, tau, of the radar emission representing time t0Representing the delay of the propagation of the radar pulse signal to the jammer, exp (-) representing an exponential operation based on a natural constant e, j representing the imaginary unit sign of the complex number, pi representing the circumferential rate, fdmRepresenting the false doppler frequency of the phase modulation of the interfering pulses.
And 4, sending the signal after amplitude phase modulation.
And (3) each jammer aims at the radar direction, and transmits the modulated radar jamming signals according to the random jamming transmitting time sequence generated in the step (1).
The transmitted signals are as follows:
jk,m(t)＝Js(t-τ0-τk,m)exp(j2πfdmt)
wherein j isk,m(t) represents the interference signal of the m t time forwarded by the jammer to the intercepted k radar pulse, tauk,mRepresenting the forwarding delay generated in step 1.
The effect of the present invention is further explained by combining the simulation experiment as follows:
1. simulation experiment conditions
The hardware platform of the simulation experiment of the invention is as follows: the processor is an Intel i 79700 CPU, the main frequency is 3GHz, and the memory is 16 GB.
The software platform of the simulation experiment of the invention is as follows: windows 10 operating system and matlab2019 b.
The data of the simulation experiment of the invention is obtained by receiving the linear frequency modulation signals transmitted by the radar according to the three actually measured jammers, carrying out amplitude phase modulation on the obtained signals and simultaneously forwarding according to the generated random time sequence (time sequence 2).
Simulation experiment parameters are shown in table 1, in simulation, a radar transmits a linear frequency modulation signal, an interference machine performs modulation after capturing, the signal is forwarded according to a generated time sequence, and the signal is subjected to down-conversion processing after being received by the radar to a baseband signal and then to subsequent processing.
TABLE 1 Experimental simulation parameters
| Parameter(s) | Parameter value | Parameter(s) | Parameter value | |
| Center frequency | 9.5GHz | Number of |
8 | |
| Spacing of array elements | 0.015m | Number of pulses | 32 | |
| Bandwidth of | | Distance unit | 800 | |
| Sampling frequency | 200MHz | Dry to noise ratio | 20dB | |
| Pulse repetition frequency | 5KHz |
2. Simulation content and result analysis thereof:
the invention has carried on three simulation experiments altogether:
experiment 1, under the above experimental parameters, different numbers of interference stations are set at different angles of the radar normal line respectively in simulation, the number and the setting angles of the interference stations are shown in table 2, interference is forwarded according to a normal time sequence (time sequence 1), and 100 groups of repeated experiments are performed. And (3) performing space-time adaptive processing on echo signals received by the radar, calculating the obtained signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, the average detection target times and the average false alarm times, and drawing experimental simulation data into a table 2.
Experiment 3, verified by measured data. Three interference machines are respectively arranged in the directions of the radar normal angle of 15 degrees, 23 degrees and-15 degrees, amplitude phase modulation is carried out on the obtained signals after linear frequency modulation signals transmitted by the radar are received, the interference signals are simultaneously forwarded according to the generated random time sequence (time sequence 2), space-time adaptive processing is carried out on the radar receiving signals, and CFAR detection is carried out.
In order to verify the interference performance of the space-time adaptive processing of the received interference generated by a normal time sequence (time sequence 1) and a random time sequence (time sequence 2) by the radar in the experiment 1 and the experiment 2, the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, the average detection target times and the average false alarm times of the space-time adaptive processing after the interference is received each time are calculated.
And respectively calculating the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, the average detection target times and the average false alarm times to embody the interference performance, wherein the calculation formulas are shown as follows, and the calculation results are compiled into a table.
Output signal to interference plus noise ratio
Average number of times of detecting target
Average number of false alarms
Wherein w is a weight vector obtained after space-time adaptive processing after interference is received every time, H is matrix transposition, R istarIs a true target covariance matrix, RjCovariance matrix for each received interference, RnIs a noise covariance matrix, ndpRepresenting the number of times of detecting a real target in each experiment, P is the number of experiments, nfapThe number of false alarms for each experiment.
The effect of the invention is further described below in conjunction with the tabular data and fig. 3:
table 2 output result table of full-pulse intensive forward interference (time sequence 1)
Under the experimental parameters, when no interference exists, the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the system after the space-time self-adaptive processing is 25.9 dB. As can be seen from table 2, the normal time sequence (time sequence 1) is used to forward full-pulse intensive forward interference, the interference quantity and the angle distribution have no obvious influence on the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, the average target detection frequency is 1, the target signal can be detected each time, and the average false alarm frequency is small, so that the radar space-time adaptive processing technology cannot be effectively interfered.
It can be known from table 3 that after space-time adaptive processing, interference causes the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the system to be significantly reduced, and the number of false alarms is increased. When 4 interference stations are respectively at 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 15 degrees, 25 degrees, 15 degrees, 15.5 degrees, 25 degrees and 25 degrees, the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratios of the system are respectively 1.7dB, 3.8dB and 7.8dB, compared with the situation of no interference, the interference-free frequency detection method has the advantages of obviously improving the false alarm frequency and greatly reducing the detection performance. Therefore, the interference effect of the side lobe space-time joint interference is influenced by the station arrangement number, the station arrangement angle and the station arrangement time sequence except the interference timing.
Table 3 output result table of full-pulse intensive forward interference (time sequence 2)
The simulation results of experiment 3 are shown in fig. 3, in which: FIG. 3(a) is a range-Doppler plot after space-time adaptive processing in accordance with the present invention; fig. 3(b) is a rear range-doppler diagram of CFAR detection based on the diagram (a).
The x-axis in FIG. 3 represents a range bin, representing the target-to-radar distance; the y-axis represents the doppler shift, representing the target velocity; the z-axis represents amplitude.
As can be seen from fig. 3(a), the interference signal modulated by the generated random timing sequence is subjected to space-time adaptive processing, so that the processed target power can be greatly reduced, and it can be proved that the interference modulation method is effective, the output signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio is reduced, and the STAP algorithm is effectively suppressed;
as can be seen from fig. 3(b), after CFAR detection processing, there are three peaks in addition to the target signal, three generated interferences are not suppressed, three false alarms occur, and the target detection performance is degraded, and thus, the interference modulation method can effectively reduce the processing effect of the STAP algorithm.
The experimental result shows that the space-time joint interference modulation method can effectively inhibit the performance of the STAP algorithm. Meanwhile, the method has excellent interference effect, when a proper interference time sequence and the station distribution number and angle are selected, the output signal-to-noise ratio can be reduced to below 10dB, the false alarm rate is improved, the interference patterns are more, and the regularity is absent. The generation of the interference does not carry out complex time domain and frequency domain modulation, the generation of the interference is simpler, and the requirement on hardware is lower. The experimental results of the measured data prove the correctness and effectiveness of the invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A STAP radar interference signal generation method based on space-time joint modulation is characterized in that a time domain interference emission time sequence is generated, and a plurality of jammers are distributed at different positions in space; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, generating a time domain interference emission time sequence:
randomly generating a time domain interference emission time sequence in each coherent processing pulse interval of the STAP algorithm;
step 2, arranging the spatial position of the jammer:
in the radar incoming wave plane space, based on the random transmitting time sequence generated in the step 1, the random position of the jammer is combined to arrange stations, and the transmitting direction of the jammer is aligned to the radar incoming wave direction;
step 3, amplitude phase modulation is carried out on each radar signal intercepted by the jammer;
step 4, sending the signals after amplitude phase modulation:
and (3) each jammer aims at the radar direction, and transmits the modulated radar jamming signals according to the random jamming transmitting time sequence generated in the step (1).
2. A space-time joint modulation based STAP radar interfering signal generating method according to claim 1, wherein the randomly generated time-domain interfering transmission timing sequence in step 1 refers to: the transmission time sequence is the transmission time delay of the interference machine after receiving and copying the radar signal and modulating, and is tauk,mWherein K is 0 < K, M is 0 < MkK denotes the number of pulses in the coherent processing interval, MkThe interference quantity forwarded by the kth pulse is represented, and the randomly generated transmission time sequence needs to ensure that the interference transmission quantity between each pulse and the interference transmission time delay in each pulse are random.
3. A space-time joint modulation based STAP radar jamming signal generating method according to claim 1, wherein the amplitude phase modulation of each radar signal intercepted by the jammer in step 3 is implemented by the following formula:
jk(t)＝Js(t-τ0)exp(j2πfdmt)
wherein j isk(t) represents an interference signal obtained by amplitude phase modulation of the kth radar pulse signal at t time intercepted by the jammer, 0<t<T, T denotes the radar pulse signal duration, J denotes the amplitude modulation factor determined in accordance with the amplitude of the received radar pulse signal, s (T- τ)0) The pulse signal, tau, of the radar emission representing time t0Representing the delay of the propagation of the radar pulse signal to the jammer, exp () representing an exponential operation based on a natural constant e, j representing the imaginary unit sign of the complex number, pi representing the circumferential ratio, fdmRepresenting the false doppler frequency of the phase modulation of the interfering pulses.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116068501A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-05-05 | 烟台初心航空科技有限公司 | Method for generating anti-interference radio altimeter modulation signal |
| CN116413664A (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-07-11 | 扬州宇安电子科技有限公司 | Doppler noise interference generating device and method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116068501A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-05-05 | 烟台初心航空科技有限公司 | Method for generating anti-interference radio altimeter modulation signal |
| CN116413664A (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-07-11 | 扬州宇安电子科技有限公司 | Doppler noise interference generating device and method |
| CN116413664B (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-10-10 | 扬州宇安电子科技有限公司 | Doppler noise interference generating device and method |
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