CN113884760B - Atomic microwave mixing device and method with continuous frequency - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous-frequency atomic microwave mixing device and a continuous-frequency atomic microwave mixing method, wherein the device comprises an atomic gas chamber, a laser, a coplanar waveguide, a microwave source, a microwave coupler and a receiving antenna, and the method comprises the following steps: exciting the Redberg atoms, tuning the laser to a suitable detuning amount, and transmitting the signal field and the local oscillator field into the waveguide. In a five-energy-level Redberg Electromagnetic Induction Transparent (EIT) system, a Redberg atom is used as a mixer of a radio frequency signal, two large-detuned microwaves are used as a local oscillator field to couple the Redberg energy levels, EIT peak splitting is generated, the other beam of microwaves with detuning quantity also acts on the Redberg atom, continuous frequency measurement is realized by adjusting the magnitude of one of the detuning quantities, and relevant information of a signal field is deduced through calibration. The invention realizes continuous measurement of microwaves by utilizing a non-resonant radio frequency and atomic frequency mixing technology, and realizes high-broadband continuous frequency measurement while improving the measurement precision of microwave fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum precision measurement, in particular to a continuous-frequency atomic microwave mixing device and method.
Background
In recent years, there has been rapid development in the field of quantum precision measurement of traceable to basic physical quantities. Matthew T.Simons et al, university of Colorado, 2019, utilized the Lidberg atom as a mixer to frequency convert a 20GHz radio frequency electric field to an intermediate frequency on the order of KHz to measure the radio field phase, which directly corresponds to the phase of the radio frequency electric field. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of 8 months in 2019 embeds parallel plate waveguides in atomic vapor, which realizes detection of radio frequency field amplitude, phase and modulation signals. Jing et al at university of Shanxi in year 6 in 2020 combine with classical superheterodyne method to realize the measurement of phase and frequency of microwaves through a Redburg probe under microwave decoration, and improve the electric field sensitivity by about 38 times.
At present, experimental measurement and theoretical analysis show that the atomic microwave mixing method can only measure the point frequency, and the detuning amount delta of the microwave coupling Redberg state is very small, which is not beneficial to practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technical means, which utilizes a five-energy-level reed-burg EIT system to realize continuous frequency measurement of the carrier wave by controlling the single photon to be greatly detuned, and further improves the efficiency and accuracy of microwave field measurement by miniaturizing the measuring device by the circuit device with the back-applied coplanar waveguide.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a continuous frequency atomic microwave mixing device and method, which uses a five-energy level reed burg EIT system, uses the reed burg atoms as the mixer of the radio frequency signal, uses two non-resonant microwaves as the local oscillator field to couple the reed burg energy levels, generates AT splitting, improves the measurement accuracy of the microwave field, and simultaneously uses the integrated device of the alkali metal atomic air chamber-back-coating coplanar waveguide-receiving antenna to realize the continuous frequency measurement of the radio frequency electric field.
The invention achieves the above purpose by the following technical means:
in one aspect, the invention provides a continuous-frequency atomic microwave mixing device, which comprises an alkali metal atomic gas chamber, a microwave circuit formed by coplanar waveguides, a receiving antenna, a gain amplifier, a first direct current bias, a second direct current bias, a first signal source, a second signal source, a first connector, a second connector, a third connector, alkali metal atoms, detection light and coupling light;
the coplanar waveguide is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the alkali metal atomic gas chamber;
one end of the first connector is connected with the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, and the other end of the first connector is respectively connected with a first direct current bias and gain amplifier;
one end of the second connector is connected with the back surface of the coplanar waveguide, and the other end of the second connector is connected with a second direct current bias;
one end of the third joint is connected with the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, and the other end of the third joint is connected with a lead for outputting a mixing field;
the first signal source generates and sends out a first local oscillator field; the second signal source generates and sends out a second local oscillator field;
the receiving antenna amplifies the received signal field by the gain amplifier and transmits the amplified signal field and the two local oscillator fields to the coplanar waveguide through the first connector;
the first direct current bias and the second direct current bias are used for eliminating noise environments in the alkali metal atom gas chamber, wherein the first direct current bias acts on the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, the second direct current bias acts on the back surface of the coplanar waveguide, and a direct current field of zero environment in the alkali metal atom gas chamber is created through the two direct current biases;
the detection light and the coupling light are input into an alkali metal atomic gas chamber, the laser beam passes through the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, and finally, the mixing field is output by a lead connected with a third joint.
Further, the coplanar waveguide is a back-metallized coplanar waveguide and comprises a dielectric substrate and three conduction bands; the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a grounding zone and a metal conduction band, and the back surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a thin grounding zone; the metal conduction band on the upper surface is a central band, the central band is used for transmitting radio frequency signals, the coplanar waveguide propagates TEM waves, and the coplanar waveguide has no cutoff frequency;
a first connector, a second connector and a third connector are arranged on the other side of the central belt, and one end of the first connector is respectively connected with the grounding belt and the metal conduction belt on the upper surface; one end of the second connector is connected with the grounding strap on the back surface, and one end of the third connector is respectively connected with the grounding strap on the upper surface and the metal conduction strap.
Further, a fine space is arranged between the grounding zone and the center zone of the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, and the fine space is used for the laser beam to pass through from top to bottom.
Further, the distance between the grounding zone and the center zone of the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide is 3mm.
Further, the first joint, the second joint and the third joint are bent SMA joints.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of atomic microwave mixing at continuous frequencies, comprising:
coherent excitation of alkali metal atoms in the alkali metal atom gas cell from the ground state to the Redberg state by coupling light and probe light, the probe light and the coupling light being tuned to an appropriate detuning amount delta 12 、δ 23 So as to lead the light to reach a two-photon resonance condition;
the two laser beams are then counter-propagated along the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide and pass between the ground strap and the center strap in the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, thereby exciting the reed-burg atoms in the gas chamber;
the received signal field is amplified by a gain amplifier through a receiving antenna and then is transmitted to a coplanar waveguide with two local oscillator fields through a connector; the first direct current bias and the second direct current bias are used for eliminating noise environment around the Redburg atoms, wherein the first direct current bias acts on the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, the second direct current bias acts on the back surface of the coplanar waveguide, and a direct current field of zero environment in the alkali metal atom air chamber is created through the two direct current biases;
mixing two local oscillator fields emitted by a coplanar waveguide with an amplified signal field through a Redberg atomic mixer, coupling the Redberg energy levels 3 and 4 of the first local oscillator field, coupling the Redberg energy levels 4 and 5 of the second local oscillator field, generating EIT peak splitting, and realizing continuous frequency measurement by adjusting the detuning delta;
detecting a signal of the detection light by a detector; scaling and deriving the slope |kappa from the known electric field 0 And finally, calculating to obtain the signal field ratio frequency, the electric field strength and the phase information.
Further, tuning the probe light and the coupled light to a suitable amount of mismatch counteracts the AC stark translation, whereinΩ L And the ratio frequencies of the two local oscillator fields are equal, and the Redburg energy levels are coupled with the signal field through the local oscillator fields, so that a five-energy-level Redburg EIT system is formed.
Further, the scaling formula is as follows:
wherein P (t) is the detection of the change of light transmittance with time t,to detect the initial value of light transmittance, Γ is the linewidth of EIT, Ω s Is the ratio frequency delta of the microwave to be measured s Is the detuning amount of the signal field, phi s Is the phase of the signal field, |kappa 0 I is the slope, alpha is the proportion of photons involved in EIT process, P i Is incident light power, L is atomic air chamber length, K is wave vector, χ 0 Is magnetic susceptibility.
Further, a fine space is arranged between the grounding zone and the center zone of the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, and the fine space is used for the laser beam to pass through from top to bottom.
Further, the distance between the grounding zone and the center zone of the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide is 3mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
1. according to the non-resonant radio frequency heterodyne technology, two local oscillator fields are utilized to form two-photon resonance, the two microwave local oscillator fields are single-photon large detuning, and the frequency scanning equivalent local oscillator field is formed by adjusting the single-photon detuning quantity. And secondly, providing continuous operation of a high-broadband carrier wave through the back-dressing coplanar waveguide in the microwave circuit. The technology has strong practicality and convenient integration, greatly improves the measurement precision of the microwave field, simultaneously has strong practicability, can measure the point frequency and also can measure the continuous frequency, breaks through the obstacle of receiving the current single-frequency signal, and has breakthrough significance for monitoring the signal of the microwave section. The method provides a new technical basis and means for the precise measurement research of the microwave electric field.
2. The method is suitable for the environment at the near room temperature, is simple and easy to operate, and is beneficial to practical use.
3. Compared with the traditional method, the atomic microwave mixing device and method provided by the invention have the advantages of high sensitivity, large dynamic range, small measurement uncertainty, continuous frequency measurement and the like. This technique is expected to become a next-generation atomic microwave mixer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous frequency atomic microwave mixing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy level structure of a heat atom;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method of atomic microwave mixing at continuous frequencies in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous frequency atomic microwave mixing device according to the present invention. The laser comprises an alkali metal atom air chamber 25, a microwave circuit 23 consisting of a coplanar waveguide 27, a receiving antenna 15, a gain amplifier 17, a first direct current bias 18, a second direct current bias 22, a first signal source 16, a second signal source 19, a first bent SMA joint 20, a second bent SMA joint 26, a third bent SMA joint 28, an alkali metal atom 21, a detection light 6 and a coupling light 7;
the coplanar waveguide 27 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the alkali metal atom air chamber 25;
one end of the first bent SMA joint 20 is connected to the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide 27, and the other end is connected to the first dc bias 18 and the gain amplifier 17 respectively;
one end of the second bent SMA joint 26 is connected to the back surface of the coplanar waveguide 27, and the other end is connected to the second dc bias 22;
one end of the third bent SMA connector 28 is connected with the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide 27, and the other end of the third bent SMA connector is connected with the lead 24 for outputting the mixing field;
the first signal source 16 generates and transmits a first local oscillator field; the second signal source 19 generates and transmits a second local oscillator field;
the received signal field is amplified by the gain amplifier 17 through the receiving antenna 15 and then transmitted to the coplanar waveguide 27 with two local oscillation fields through the first SMA joint.
The first dc bias 18 and the second dc bias are used to cancel the noisy environment within the alkali metal atom cell 25, i.e., the cluttered fields in the alkali metal atom cell 25; wherein the first dc bias 18 acts on the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide 27 and the second dc bias 22 acts on the back surface of the coplanar waveguide 27, creating a zero-ambient dc field in the alkali metal atomic gas chamber 25 by two dc biases.
The probe light 6 and the coupling light 7 are input into the alkali metal atomic gas chamber 25, the laser beam passes through the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide 27, and finally, the mixed frequency field is output by the lead 24 connected with the third joint, and the output mixed frequency field can be compared with the traditional heterodyne method.
The coplanar waveguide 27 is a metallized-backed coplanar waveguide 27 and is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate and three conduction bands. The upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a grounding zone and a metal conduction band, a tiny interval is arranged between the grounding zone and the central zone of the upper surface, the distance between the grounding zone and the central zone is very close, the interval is about 3mm, and the dielectric substrate can be used for laser beams to pass through from the upper part to the lower part of the interval. The back surface is a thin layer of grounding strap. The upper surface metal conduction band is a central band, which can be used to transmit radio frequency signals, and the coplanar waveguide 27 propagates TEM waves without cutoff frequency. The other side of the central belt is provided with 3 bent SMA joints, namely a first bent SMA joint 20, a second bent SMA joint 26 and a third bent SMA joint 28, and one end of the first bent SMA joint 20 is respectively connected with a grounding belt and a metal conduction belt on the upper surface; one end of the second bent SMA joint 26 is connected to the ground strap on the back side, and one end of the third bent SMA joint 28 is connected to the ground strap and the metal strap on the upper side, respectively.
The atomic microwave mixing device with continuous frequency is based on a thermal Redberg atomic technology and an electromagnetic induction transparent equivalent molecular coherence effect at near room temperature, and high-broadband continuous frequency measurement is realized through a radio frequency heterodyne technology under non-resonance. Through the Mixer of the radio frequency signal of the Redberg atom, two non-resonant microwaves are regarded as the local oscillator field to couple the Redberg energy level, produce EIT peak splitting, can obtain signal field ratio frequency, electric field intensity and phase information through measuring and calculating the probe light finally. The device realizes high-precision measurement of the microwave field and continuous frequency measurement at the same time, and provides a new technical foundation and a new thought for the precise measurement research of the microwave field.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the energy level structure of a hot atom. Wherein the probe light 6 is coupled with the 1,2 state, the coupling light 7 is coupled with the 2,3 state, and the detuning amounts of the probe light and the coupling light are delta respectively 12 13、δ 23 14. The first local oscillator field 8 is coupled with 3,4 states, the second local oscillator field 9 is coupled with 4,5 states, and the signal field 10 is non-resonantly coupled with 4,5 states, wherein the detuning amount is delta 11 and delta 12.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a continuous frequency atomic microwave mixing method, which includes the following steps:
1) The two resonant lasers are counter-propagated along the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide inside the alkali metal atom gas chamber, pass through the space between the grounding zone and the center zone, and generate the Redberg electromagnetic induction transparent effect.
2) And feeding two microwave local oscillator fields to form a microwave two-photon resonance condition, wherein the two microwave local oscillator fields are single photon large detuning, and the frequency scanning equivalent local oscillator field is formed by adjusting the single photon detuning quantity.
3) By inserting signals from receiving antennas or portsThe number field is input to an atomic mixer, and the detection light is detected by a photoelectric detector to realize continuous-frequency microwave measurement. Scaling and deriving the slope |kappa from the known electric field 0 And finally, calculating the signal field pull ratio frequency, the electric field strength and the phase information.
The atomic microwave mixing method of the continuous frequency of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Coherently exciting the alkali metal atoms in the alkali metal atom gas chamber from the ground state to the Redberg state by the coupling light and the detection light generated by the first laser and the second laser, and adjusting the detection light and the coupling light to a proper detuning amount delta 12 、δ 23 So as to achieve the two-photon resonance condition.
2) The two laser beams then counter propagate along the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide and pass between the ground and center strips in the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, thereby exciting the reed-burg atoms within the gas chamber.
3) And the received signal field is amplified by a gain amplifier through a receiving antenna and then is transmitted to the coplanar waveguide through an SMA joint with two local oscillator fields. The first direct current bias and the second direct current bias are used for eliminating noise environment around the Redberg atoms, wherein the first direct current bias acts on the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, the second direct current bias acts on the back surface of the waveguide, and a direct current field of zero environment in the alkali metal atom air chamber is created through the two direct current biases.
4) And after mixing two local oscillator fields emitted by the coplanar waveguide with an amplified signal field through a Redberg atomic mixer, coupling the first local oscillator field with the Redberg energy levels 3 and 4 states and coupling the second local oscillator field with the Redberg energy levels 4 and 5 states to generate EIT peak splitting, and realizing continuous frequency measurement by adjusting the detuning delta.
5) The signal of the detection light is detected by a detector. Scaling and deriving the slope |kappa from the known electric field 0 And finally, calculating to obtain the signal field draw ratio frequency, the electric field intensity and the phase information.
The atomic microwave mixing device and method with continuous frequency require that the probe light and the coupled light are tuned to a proper amount of mismatch to counteract AC stark translation, whereinAnd the ratio frequencies of the two local oscillator fields are equal, and the Redburg energy levels are coupled with the signal field through the local oscillator fields, so that a five-energy-level Redburg EIT system is formed.
The scaling formula is as follows:
wherein P (t) is the detection of the change of light transmittance with time t,to detect the initial value of light transmittance, Γ is the linewidth of EIT, Ω s Is the ratio frequency delta of the microwave to be measured s Is the detuning amount of the signal field, phi s Is the phase of the signal field, |kappa 0 And I is the slope. Alpha is the proportion of photons involved in EIT process, P i Is incident light power, L is atomic air chamber length, K is wave vector, χ 0 Is magnetic susceptibility.
The atomic microwave mixing method of continuous frequency is based on the thermal Redberg atomic technology and electromagnetic induction transparent isoquantum coherence effect at near room temperature, and utilizes a five-energy-level Redberg EIT system to realize continuous frequency measurement of high-broadband carrier waves by forming two-photon resonance and control of single photon large detuning through two local oscillator fields. The frequency, the phase and the power of the microwaves can be obtained through measuring and calculating the detection light. The method realizes high-precision measurement of microwaves, realizes continuous frequency measurement, breaks through the obstacle of single-frequency signal reception at present, and provides a new technical basis for precision measurement research of microwave fields.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The atomic microwave frequency mixing device with continuous frequency is characterized by comprising an alkali metal atomic gas chamber, a microwave circuit formed by coplanar waveguides, a receiving antenna, a gain amplifier, a first direct current bias, a second direct current bias, a first signal source, a second signal source, a first connector, a second connector, a third connector, alkali metal atoms, detection light and coupling light;
the coplanar waveguide is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the alkali metal atomic gas chamber;
one end of the first connector is connected with the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, and the other end of the first connector is respectively connected with a first direct current bias and gain amplifier;
one end of the second connector is connected with the back surface of the coplanar waveguide, and the other end of the second connector is connected with a second direct current bias;
one end of the third joint is connected with the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, and the other end of the third joint is connected with a lead for outputting a mixing field;
the first signal source generates and sends out a first local oscillator field; the second signal source generates and sends out a second local oscillator field;
the receiving antenna amplifies the received signal field by the gain amplifier and transmits the amplified signal field and the two local oscillator fields to the coplanar waveguide through the first connector;
the first direct current bias and the second direct current bias are used for eliminating noise environments in the alkali metal atom gas chamber, wherein the first direct current bias acts on the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, the second direct current bias acts on the back surface of the coplanar waveguide, and a direct current field of zero environment in the alkali metal atom gas chamber is created through the two direct current biases;
the detection light and the coupling light are input into an alkali metal atomic gas chamber, a laser beam passes through the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, and finally, a mixing field is output by a lead connected with a third joint;
the coplanar waveguide is a back-metallized coplanar waveguide and comprises a dielectric substrate and three conduction bands; the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a grounding zone and a metal conduction band, and the back surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a thin grounding zone; the metal conduction band on the upper surface is a central band, the central band is used for transmitting radio frequency signals, the coplanar waveguide propagates TEM waves, and the coplanar waveguide has no cutoff frequency;
a first connector, a second connector and a third connector are arranged on the other side of the central belt, and one end of the first connector is respectively connected with the grounding belt and the metal conduction belt on the upper surface; one end of the second connector is connected with the grounding strap on the back surface, and one end of the third connector is respectively connected with the grounding strap on the upper surface and the metal conduction strap.
2. The atomic microwave mixing device of claim 1, wherein the coplanar waveguide has a small gap between the ground and center strips on the upper surface for the laser beam to pass up and down.
3. The atomic microwave mixing device of claim 1, wherein the ground and center strips of the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide are spaced apart by 3mm.
4. The atomic microwave mixing device of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third joints are bent SMA joints.
5. A method of atomic microwave mixing at a continuous frequency, applied to the atomic microwave mixing device at a continuous frequency according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
coherent excitation of alkali metal atoms in the alkali metal atom gas cell from the ground state to the Redberg state by coupling light and probe light, the probe light and the coupling light being tuned to an appropriate amount of detuning、/>So as to lead the light to reach a two-photon resonance condition;
the two laser beams are then counter-propagated along the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide and pass between the ground strap and the center strap in the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, thereby exciting the reed-burg atoms in the gas chamber;
the received signal field is amplified by a gain amplifier through a receiving antenna and then is transmitted to a coplanar waveguide with two local oscillator fields through a connector; the first direct current bias and the second direct current bias are used for eliminating noise environment around the Redburg atoms, wherein the first direct current bias acts on the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide, the second direct current bias acts on the back surface of the coplanar waveguide, and a direct current field of zero environment in the alkali metal atom air chamber is created through the two direct current biases;
mixing two local oscillator fields emitted by a coplanar waveguide with an amplified signal field through a Redberg atomic mixer, coupling the Redberg energy levels 3 and 4 of the first local oscillator field, coupling the Redberg energy levels 4 and 5 of the second local oscillator field, generating EIT peak splitting, and realizing continuous frequency measurement by adjusting the detuning delta;
detecting a signal of the detection light by a detector; scaling and deriving slope from known electric fieldAnd finally, calculating to obtain the signal field pull ratio frequency, the electric field strength and the phase information.
6. The method of atomic microwave mixing at continuous frequency according to claim 5, wherein tuning the probe light and the coupled light to a suitable amount of mismatch counteracts AC stark translation, wherein， />And the ratio frequencies of the two local oscillator fields are equal, and the Redburg energy levels are coupled with the signal field through the local oscillator fields, so that a five-energy-level Redburg EIT system is formed.
7. The continuous frequency atomic microwave mixing method according to claim 5, wherein the scaling formula is as follows:
(1)；
(2)；
wherein , to detect light transmittance over timetVariation of->To detect the initial value of light transmittance>The line width of the EIT is the line width of the EIT,is the ratio frequency of the microwave to be measured, +.>Is the detuning of the signal field, +.>For the phase of the signal field>For slope, +>Is the proportion of photons involved in EIT process, < >>Is the incident light power, L is the atomic air chamber length, K is the wave vector, +.>Is magnetic susceptibility.
8. The method of atomic microwave mixing at continuous frequencies according to claim 5, wherein the coplanar waveguide has a fine gap between the ground and center strips on the upper surface for the laser beam to pass up and down.
9. The method of atomic microwave mixing at continuous frequencies according to claim 5, wherein the ground and center strips of the upper surface of the coplanar waveguide are spaced apart by 3mm.
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| CN104579176A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 电子科技大学 | Subharmonic harmonic mixer based on coplanar waveguide transmission lines |
| CN106932657A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-07 | 山东科技大学 | Using the method for double dark-state systematic survey microwave electric fields |
| CN112098710A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-18 | 华南师范大学 | Microwave power measuring device and method based on cold atoms |
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| CN103633943A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Ultra-wideband frequency mixer |
| CN104579176A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 电子科技大学 | Subharmonic harmonic mixer based on coplanar waveguide transmission lines |
| CN106932657A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-07 | 山东科技大学 | Using the method for double dark-state systematic survey microwave electric fields |
| CN112098710A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-18 | 华南师范大学 | Microwave power measuring device and method based on cold atoms |
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