CN113884498A - Defect detection and analysis method for 16MnV cylindrical part - Google Patents
Defect detection and analysis method for 16MnV cylindrical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113884498A CN113884498A CN202111092525.9A CN202111092525A CN113884498A CN 113884498 A CN113884498 A CN 113884498A CN 202111092525 A CN202111092525 A CN 202111092525A CN 113884498 A CN113884498 A CN 113884498A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8803—Visual inspection
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- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
- G01N27/84—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields by applying magnetic powder or magnetic ink
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/204—Structure thereof, e.g. crystal structure
- G01N33/2045—Defects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a defect detection and analysis method of a 16MnV cylindrical part, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing macroscopic analysis; 2) physical and chemical inspection; 3) carrying out anatomical sampling; 4) performing low power inspection; 5) carrying out metallographic examination; 6) and (4) analyzing results: and on the premise that the physicochemical inspection result meets the technical standard requirement, the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of the cracks are combined for analysis. If the crack extends along the radial direction of the cylindrical part, no inclusion exists in the crack, and the metallographic examination structure and the dendrite are abnormal, the crack is formed in the heat treatment process. The invention can ensure the accurate detection of the radial cracks of the inner hole wall of the workpiece by strengthening the detection of the ultrasonic flaw detection inclined probe and the macroscopic inspection analysis, and has the advantages of lower detection cost, convenient operation and high accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a defect detection and analysis method for a 16MnV cylindrical part, and belongs to the technical field of metal forging.
Background
16MnV is low-alloy high-strength structural steel, has good comprehensive performance, good low-temperature performance, cold stamping performance, welding performance and machinability, and is generally applied to various mechanical fields such as mines, transportation, chemical engineering and the like. A large number of defects may exist in the 16MnV cylindrical part, however, radial cracks on the surface of the inner hole wall of the 16MnV cylindrical part are difficult to find through the existing physical and chemical inspection, so that the factory quality is difficult to ensure, trouble is caused to customers, and meanwhile, a lot of negative effects are brought to manufacturers.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting and analyzing the defects of a 16MnV cylindrical part, which can ensure the accurate detection of radial cracks on the inner hole wall of a workpiece by enhancing the detection strength of an ultrasonic flaw detection inclined probe and the macroscopic inspection analysis strength, and has the advantages of low detection cost, convenient operation and high accuracy.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting and analyzing defects of a 16MnV cylindrical part, comprising the following steps:
1) macroscopic analysis: observing and analyzing defect characteristics on the cylindrical piece, wherein the defect characteristics comprise the number, the form and the distribution of cracks;
2) physical and chemical inspection: detecting the chemical property, the mechanical property, the heat treatment state and the ultrasonic flaw detection data of the cylindrical part;
3) and (3) anatomical sampling: dissecting and sampling the cylindrical part to obtain a macroscopic sample and a metallographic sample;
4) and (3) low power test: performing low power test on the low power sample obtained in the step 4);
5) and (3) metallographic examination: carrying out metallographic examination on the metallographic specimen obtained in the step 4);
6) and (4) analyzing results: and on the premise that the physicochemical inspection result meets the technical standard requirement, the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of the cracks are combined for analysis. If the crack extends along the radial direction of the cylindrical part, no inclusion exists in the crack, and the metallographic examination structure and the dendrite are abnormal, the crack is formed in the heat treatment process.
Further, ultrasonic inspection is further included between step 2) and step 3): and respectively carrying out ultrasonic straight probe and inclined probe detection on the radial direction of the cylindrical part.
Further, before the dissection and sampling in the step 3), magnetic particle inspection is performed on the cylindrical part to measure the length of the crack, and then the head, the middle and the tail of the crack are respectively dissected and sampled according to the magnetic particle inspection result.
Further, metallographic examination is respectively carried out on the gold phase samples in the step 5) before and after decarburization.
Has the advantages that: according to the defect detection and analysis method for the 16MnV cylindrical part, on one hand, accurate detection of radial cracks on the inner hole wall of the workpiece is ensured by enhancing the detection force of the ultrasonic flaw detection inclined probe and the macroscopic inspection analysis force, the detection cost is low, the operation is convenient, and the accuracy is high; on the other hand, through a series of tests such as macroscopic analysis, anatomical sampling, macroscopic test, metallographic test and the like, the specific morphological characteristics of the defects of the workpiece are gradually detected, and the causes of the defects are contrastingly analyzed, so that scientific guidance can be provided for eliminating the defects, and the resource waste caused by quality defects in the production process is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a workpiece structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are macro-topography diagrams of cracks on the inner hole wall and the end face of the workpiece, respectively, in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a report of a chemical composition analysis of a workpiece in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a workpiece in an embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 7-12 are waveform diagrams of the ultrasonic angle probe A at the end face, the middle part and the tail part of the workpiece according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 13-15 are schematic views illustrating anatomical sampling of a workpiece according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIGS. 16-20 are the macro topography after grinding of No. 1# -3# low power samples, respectively, in the examples of the present invention;
FIGS. 21 and 22 are 100X crack morphology graphs before and after decarburization respectively of a No. 6 metallographic specimen in the example of the invention;
FIGS. 23 and 24 are 100X crack morphology graphs before and after decarburization of a No. 5 metallographic specimen in an example of the invention;
FIG. 25 is a 500 Xwhite region microstructure of a No. 5 metallographic specimen according to an example of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a graph of a white region dendrite of a No. 5 metallographic specimen 50X according to an example of the invention;
FIG. 27 is a graph of a 500 Xblack zone structure dendrite of a 5# metallographic specimen in accordance with an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings will more clearly and completely illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in figure 2, a large number of defects exist in the heat-treated 16MnV cylindrical part, the defects are distributed along the circumferential surface, the defect size is FBH4.5-8.7mm, and the material is AISI16 MnV. In order to find out the cause of the defect, the defect needs to be analyzed by anatomical sampling inspection, and the specific flow is shown in fig. 1.
1) Macroscopic analysis
The cross-sectional structure of the workpiece is shown in fig. 6, and the macro-topography of the inner hole wall and the end surface cracks is shown in fig. 3 and 4.
2) Physical and chemical inspection
As shown in fig. 5, the chemical composition analysis result of the workpiece was in accordance with the specification, and the mechanical properties, the heat treatment state, and the ultrasonic flaw detection data (straight probe) were also detected normally.
3) Ultrasonic testing
And detecting the inner hole of the workpiece radially by using an ultrasonic straight probe, displaying that no defect is found, and detecting by using an inclined probe to find a large amount of defect reflection. The waveform of the A ultrasonic angle probe is shown in figures 7-12. Except for one longitudinal crack defect reflection, the detection of other parts of the workpiece shows no abnormal defect.
4) Anatomical sampling
Through magnetic powder inspection, a 520mm long magnetic mark is displayed on the inner hole wall of the workpiece. The workpiece was sampled and dissected, and the dissected view is schematically shown in fig. 13. Macroscopic and metallographic specimen sampling conditions: cutting the workpiece with a sawing machine, as shown in detail in fig. 13; the crack is divided into two parts along the central position of the crack by 90 degrees vertically, and is shown in detail in figure 14; from bottom to top, the crack head (end face low power 1#, metallographic phase 4#), middle (low power 2#, metallographic phase 5#), and tail (low power 3#, metallographic phase 6#) were cut vertically along the center position with a sawing machine, as shown in fig. 15.
5) Macroscopic examination
The radial longitudinal section of the workpiece is subjected to low-power inspection through low-power samples, the crack extension depths of 1# (broken into two left and right blocks during grinding), 2# (broken into two left and right blocks during grinding) and 3# samples from the inner wall are respectively 107mm, 80mm and 68mm, and the low-power macroscopic morphology is shown in figures 16-20. Except for one longitudinal crack defect, no other abnormality is seen on the surface of the sample.
6) Metallographic examination
Metallographic examination is carried out on the radial longitudinal section of the workpiece through a metallographic sample, iron oxide exists in a crack source of the No. 6 sample, and the microscopic morphology is shown in a figure 21; the crack tail structure of the No. 6 sample is decarburized, and the microscopic morphology is shown in FIG. 22. Iron oxide also exists in the crack source beside the crack of the No. 5 sample, and the microscopic morphology is shown in figure 23; the crack tail structure of the No. 5 sample is also decarburized, and the microscopic morphology is shown in FIG. 24. The white region structure of the No. 5 sample is sorbite and bainite, and the microscopic morphology is shown in figure 25; the white region structure dendrite of the No. 5 sample is shown in a microscopic morphology in a figure 26; the black area of the No. 5 sample is provided with dendrites, and the microscopic morphology is shown in FIG. 27.
7) Analysis of results
And the defects of the inner hole wall of the workpiece are detected by magnetic powder, and the cracks and magnetic marks are displayed. The ultrasonic flaw detection inclined probe detects the existence of a large amount of flaw wave reflection. And (4) performing macroscopic inspection at a low power, and detecting no other abnormality on the surface of the sample except for one longitudinal crack defect. Iron oxide exists in the 6# and 5# sample cracks in metallographic examination, no inclusion exists in the cracks, dendritic crystal is abnormal in structure, the matrix structure is sorbite and bainite, and the material is abnormal.
Ultrasonic flaw detection and visual detection are required before delivery, and radial cracks from the surface of the inner hole wall are difficult to find according to the radial crack analysis of the inner hole wall of the workpiece; radial cracks of the inner hole wall of the workpiece can be easily found by ultrasonic flaw detection and visual detection.
8) Conclusions and suggestions
In conclusion, the crack of the inner hole wall of the workpiece with the length of 520mm along the axial direction is abnormal, the radial crack of the inner hole wall of the workpiece is generated in the heat treatment process, the metallographic examination structure and the dendritic crystal are abnormal, and the decarburization in the crack is serious.
For radial cracks on the inner hole wall of a workpiece, ultrasonic flaw detection oblique probe detection and visual detection can be effectively detected, and the strength of ultrasonic flaw detection oblique probe (UT) and appearance (VT) inspection is emphasized.
The above detailed description merely describes preferred embodiments of the present invention and does not limit the scope of the invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A defect detection and analysis method for a 16MnV cylindrical part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) macroscopic analysis: observing and analyzing defect characteristics on the cylindrical piece, wherein the defect characteristics comprise the number, the form and the distribution of cracks;
2) physical and chemical inspection: detecting the chemical property, the mechanical property, the heat treatment state and the ultrasonic flaw detection data of the cylindrical part;
3) and (3) anatomical sampling: dissecting and sampling the cylindrical part to obtain a macroscopic sample and a metallographic sample;
4) and (3) low power test: grinding the macroscopic sample obtained in the step 4) and then carrying out macroscopic inspection;
5) and (3) metallographic examination: carrying out metallographic examination on the metallographic specimen obtained in the step 4);
6) and (4) analyzing results: and on the premise that the physicochemical inspection result meets the technical standard requirement, the macroscopic morphology and the microscopic morphology of the crack are combined for analysis, and if the crack extends along the radial direction of the cylindrical part, no inclusion exists in the crack, and the metallographic inspection structure and the dendritic crystal are abnormal, the crack is formed in the heat treatment process.
2. The method for detecting and analyzing the defects of the 16MnV cylindrical part as claimed in claim 1, further comprising ultrasonic inspection between the step 2) and the step 3): and respectively carrying out ultrasonic straight probe and inclined probe detection on the radial direction of the cylindrical part.
3. The method for detecting and analyzing the defects of the 16MnV cylindrical part as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the dissection and sampling in step 3), the cylindrical part is subjected to magnetic particle inspection to determine the length of the crack, and then the head, the middle and the tail of the crack are respectively subjected to dissection and sampling according to the magnetic particle inspection result.
4. The method for detecting and analyzing the defects of the 16MnV cylindrical part according to the claim 1, wherein the metallographic examination is performed on the gold phase sample in the step 5) before and after the decarburization respectively.
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| CN202111092525.9A CN113884498A (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Defect detection and analysis method for 16MnV cylindrical part |
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| CN202111092525.9A CN113884498A (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Defect detection and analysis method for 16MnV cylindrical part |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108445076A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-24 | 渤海造船厂集团有限公司 | One kind being based on T shape fillet weld transversal crack ultrasonic detection methods |
| CN111929256A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-13 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Method for detecting inner wall cracks of forged piece after cross-shaped inner hole overlaying welding and judging reasons |
| CN112666336A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-16 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Defect analysis method for 410 material forging |
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2021
- 2021-09-17 CN CN202111092525.9A patent/CN113884498A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108445076A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-08-24 | 渤海造船厂集团有限公司 | One kind being based on T shape fillet weld transversal crack ultrasonic detection methods |
| CN111929256A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-13 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Method for detecting inner wall cracks of forged piece after cross-shaped inner hole overlaying welding and judging reasons |
| CN112666336A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-16 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | Defect analysis method for 410 material forging |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 华锋;王司男;陈昌华;许铭;钱健清;: "50Mn回转齿圈缺陷分析", 物理测试, no. 01, pages 29 - 32 * |
| 张龙群: "30CrNi3MoV锻件的典型缺陷分析研究", 中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（硕士）工程科技I辑, vol. 1, pages 022 - 980 * |
| 杨晓;夏申琳;李雪峰;: "16Mn钢长轴裂纹缺陷成因分析", 理化检验(物理分册), no. 01, pages 62 - 64 * |
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