CN113883934A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger comprises a shell side assembly, a spacing assembly and a tube side assembly, wherein the shell side assembly comprises a shell with one open end and one closed end; the spacing assembly and the inner wall of the shell are encircled to form a plurality of shell pass sub-runners sleeved at intervals, two ends of each shell pass sub-runner along the axial direction of the shell are closed, the spacing assembly is provided with a communicating port for communicating two adjacent shell pass sub-runners, two communicating ports for communicating the same shell pass sub-runner are arranged in a staggered mode in the circumferential direction of the shell, and shell pass inlets and outlets are respectively arranged on the shell corresponding to the shell pass sub-runners on the outermost side and the innermost side; the spacing assembly and the tube pass assembly are surrounded to form a plurality of tube pass sub-channels which are sequentially sleeved inside and outside, two tube pass sub-channels with opposite flow directions are arranged between every two adjacent shell pass sub-channels, and the tube pass assembly is provided with a tube pass inlet and outlet corresponding to the tube pass sub-channels on the innermost side and the outermost side respectively. The heat exchanger has the advantages of single stress state, high reliability and low manufacturing difficulty.

Description

Heat exchanger

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange, in particular to a heat exchanger.

Background

The heat exchanger is a device for transferring part of heat of hot fluid to cold fluid, and is also called a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger plays an important role in chemical industry, petroleum industry, power industry, food industry and other industrial production, can be used as a heater, a cooler, a condenser, an evaporator, a reboiler and the like in chemical industry production, and is widely applied.

In the prior art, when a phase change (liquid-gas) occurs in a tube-side or shell-side medium of a heat exchanger, the volume of the heat exchanger itself often changes greatly, and in order to adapt to the change, an irregular structure (such as an eccentric oblique cone or a non-circular structure) is usually arranged on heat exchanger equipment to balance the volume change in the heat exchanger.

However, the irregular arrangement often causes the discontinuity of the structure of the heat exchanger, the stress state is not single, and the manufacturing difficulty of the irregular structure is large, the processing is not easy, and the process cost is greatly increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a heat exchanger, which aims to solve the problems that the volume of a heat exchanger cavity is increased or reduced violently due to phase change of media and improve the problems of discontinuous structure, non-single stress state and high manufacturing difficulty of the heat exchanger in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a heat exchanger, comprising:

the shell side assembly comprises a shell with one end open and the other end closed;

the spacing assembly is arranged in the shell, a plurality of shell side sub-channels sleeved at intervals are formed by the spacing assembly and the inner wall of the shell in a surrounding manner, two ends of each shell side sub-channel along the axial direction of the shell are closed, communication ports for communicating two adjacent shell side sub-channels are formed in the spacing assembly, the two communication ports for communicating the same shell side sub-channel are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the shell, and shell side inlet and outlet ports are respectively formed in the shell corresponding to the shell side sub-channels on the outermost side and the innermost side;

the tube side subassembly, the tube side subassembly set up in the casing, the interval subassembly with the tube side subassembly encloses to establish and is formed with the inside and outside tube side subchannel of establishing of overlapping in proper order of a plurality of, a plurality of the tube side subchannel is in dislocation intercommunication in proper order and formation longitudinal section are snakelike tube side runner in the axial of casing, adjacent two have between the shell side subchannel two opposite in flow direction the tube side subchannel, the tube side subassembly corresponds the most inboard and outside the tube side subchannel is provided with the tube side respectively and imports and exports.

Optionally, the tube side subassembly includes the apron, the apron lid is located the open end of casing, the first end of spacer assembly with the inner bottom butt of casing, the second end of spacer assembly along the orientation the direction of apron extend and with the apron interval sets up, two the tube side is imported and exported and all is set up on the apron.

Optionally, the spacing assembly includes a plurality of separating bodies sequentially sleeved at intervals, a first end of each separating body is connected to the inner bottom of the housing, two adjacent separating bodies and the inner bottom surround to form the shell-side bypass passage with two closed ends, each separating body is provided with the communicating port, and two pipe-side bypass passages with opposite flow directions are formed inside each separating body.

Optionally, each separating body has a flow cavity with an opening facing the cover plate, the tube pass assembly further includes a plurality of barrel-shaped bodies sleeved at intervals, a first end of each barrel-shaped body is connected to the cover plate, a second end of each barrel-shaped body extends into the flow cavity and is arranged at an interval with the bottom wall of the flow cavity and the inner and outer cavity walls, and the barrel-shaped bodies separate the flow cavity into two tube pass branch channels with opposite flow directions.

Optionally, the separating body includes a separating cylinder and a separating rib plate, the separating cylinder is an annular cylindrical structure with an opening at one end and a closed end, the opening of the separating cylinder faces the cover plate, the tube path runner is formed in an inner cavity of the separating cylinder, one end of the separating rib plate is connected with the closed end of the separating cylinder, and the other end of the separating rib plate abuts against an inner bottom of the housing.

Optionally, the partition assembly includes a partition top plate, the partition top plate closes the opening of the housing, the cover plate is disposed at a side of the partition top plate away from the inner bottom at a certain interval, the second end of each partition body is connected to the partition top plate, the flow cavity penetrates through the partition top plate, and the partition top plate, the inner bottom and two adjacent partition bodies surround to form the shell-side flow channel.

Optionally, the separation top plate extends out of the radial outer side of the shell, and the heat exchanger further comprises a ring plug which is arranged between the cover plate and the separation top plate in a sealing manner and located on the outer side of the cylindrical body.

Optionally, the separation cylinder is an open ring structure, and an opening of the open ring structure forms the communication port.

Optionally, the inner wall of the innermost separator surrounds to form the shell side branch passage, and a shell side inlet and outlet is in opposite communication with the shell side branch passage;

the outer side wall of the separator on the outermost side and the inner side wall of the shell are encircled to form the shell pass sub-channel, and the other shell pass inlet and outlet is arranged on the outer side wall of the shell and communicated with the shell pass sub-channel.

Optionally, all the communication ports are located on the same straight line in the projection of the inner bottom of the shell.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the heat exchanger provided by the invention, the spacing assembly and the tube pass assembly are surrounded to form a plurality of tube pass sub-runners which are sequentially sleeved inside and outside, the tube pass assembly is provided with the tube pass inlets and outlets corresponding to the innermost tube pass sub-runners and the outermost tube pass sub-runners respectively, so that the internal space of the tube pass sub-runners is continuously changed, the volume change of a heat exchange medium in the tube pass sub-runners is further balanced, other irregular structures for balancing the volume change are not required to be additionally arranged, the structure of the heat exchanger can be simplified, the stress state of the heat exchanger is single, the reliability is improved, and the manufacturing difficulty is reduced; two tube-pass sub-channels with opposite flow directions are arranged between two adjacent shell-pass sub-channels, so that the heat exchange area is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first front view of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention (showing tube side flow channels);

FIG. 2 is a top view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention (showing tube side flow passages, "-;" X "-);

FIG. 3 is a second front view of the heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present invention (showing the shell-side flow channels, "-;" X "-);

FIG. 4 is a second top view of a heat exchanger provided in an embodiment of the present invention (showing the shell-side flow channels);

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic illustration of a tube-side runner and a shell-side runner of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic assembled construction of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a front view of a shell-side assembly of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a top view of a shell-side assembly of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a front view of a spacer assembly of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a top view of a spacer assembly of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a front view of a tube side assembly of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a top view of a tube side assembly of a heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a shell-side assembly; 11. a housing; 12. a shell pass inlet and outlet;

2. a spacer assembly; 21. a separator; 211. a partition cylinder; 212. separating rib plates; 22. a partition top plate;

3. a shell side runner;

4. a communication port;

5. a tube side assembly; 51. a cover plate; 52. a cylindrical body; 53. a tube pass inlet and outlet;

6. a tube pass runner;

7. and (5) ring plugging.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.

In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.

The present embodiment provides a heat exchanger, as shown in fig. 1-6, comprising a shell-side module 1, a spacer module 2, and a tube-side module 5. The shell side assembly 1 comprises a shell 11 with an opening at one end and a closed end, the spacing assembly 2 is arranged in the shell 11, the spacing assembly 2 and the inner wall of the shell 11 are surrounded to form a plurality of shell side sub-channels 3 sleeved at intervals, two ends of each shell side sub-channel 3 in the axial direction of the shell 11 are closed, the spacing assembly 2 is provided with a communication port 4 for communicating two adjacent shell side sub-channels 3, the two communication ports 4 for communicating the same shell side sub-channel 3 are arranged in a staggered mode in the circumferential direction of the shell 11, and the shell side sub-channels 3 corresponding to the outermost side and the innermost side on the shell 11 are respectively provided with a shell side inlet and a shell side outlet 12; tube side subassembly 5 sets up in casing 11, interval subassembly 2 encloses with tube side subassembly 5 and establishes the tube side subchannel 6 that is formed with the inside and outside cover in proper order of a plurality of and establishes, a plurality of tube side subchannel 6 misplaces the intercommunication in proper order and forms the longitudinal section and be snakelike tube side runner in the axial of casing 11, two adjacent shell side subchannels 3 between have two tube side subchannels 6 that the flow direction is opposite, tube side subassembly 5 corresponds innermost and the tube side subchannel 6 in the outside and is provided with tube side inlet and outlet 53 respectively.

The heat exchanger that this embodiment provided, because inside and outside a plurality of tube side subchannel 6 overlap in proper order and form the snakelike tube side runner of longitudinal section in the intercommunication of misplacing in proper order in the axial of casing 11, when making fluid import and export 53 from a tube side, fluid can flow through in proper order behind a plurality of tube side subchannel 6 along casing 11 radially and export 53 from another tube side and export, and in every tube side subchannel 6, because every tube side subchannel 6 lies in tube side subchannel 6 along the axial both ends of casing 11 respectively with the intercommunication department of two adjacent tube side subchannels 6, thereby make fluid circulate along the axial of casing 11 in every tube side subchannel 6 inside. Because a plurality of shell side subchannel 3 is established in proper order inside and outside, and every shell side subchannel 3 seals along the axial both ends of casing 11, two intercommunication mouth 4 that communicate same shell side subchannel 3 are misplaced in the circumference of casing 11 for when another medium enters from a shell side import and export 12, can follow radial each shell side subchannel 3 of passing through in proper order of casing 11 and export 12 from another shell side and flow, and in every shell side subchannel 3, the medium flows to another intercommunication mouth 4 from a intercommunication mouth 4 along the circumference of casing 11.

That is, in the heat exchanger provided by the present invention, in the use process, when the liquid medium in the tube-side branch channels 6 is heated by heat exchange, the liquid medium enters from the tube-side inlet/outlet 53 communicated with the innermost tube-side branch channel 6, and diffuses from the innermost tube-side branch channel 6 to the edge of the shell 11 along the radial direction of the shell 11, as the liquid medium diffuses to the edge of the shell 11, the space in the tube-side branch channel 6 gradually increases, and when the medium changes from liquid state to gas state, the overall volume of the medium becomes larger, and the relatively increased space of the tube-side branch channel 6 can balance the volume change of the medium, so that the overall volume of the heat exchanger does not change, such as being used as a reboiler; when gaseous media in the tube pass sub-channels 6 are condensed by heat exchange, the gaseous media enter from the tube pass inlet and outlet 53 communicated with the outermost side and are gathered from the tube pass sub-channels 6 on the outermost side to the center of the shell 11 along the radial direction of the shell 11, the space in the tube pass sub-channels 6 is gradually reduced, when the media are changed from gaseous state to liquid state, the whole volume of the media is reduced, the volume change of the media can be balanced by the relatively reduced space of the tube pass sub-channels 6, the whole volume of the heat exchanger is unchanged, and the heat exchanger can be used as a condenser.

Namely, a plurality of tube pass sub-channels 6 which are sequentially sleeved inside and outside are formed by surrounding the spacing component 2 and the tube pass component 5, tube pass inlets and outlets 53 are respectively arranged on the tube pass sub-channels 6 of the tube pass component 5 corresponding to the innermost side and the outermost side, so that the internal space of the tube pass sub-channels 6 is continuously changed, the volume change of a heat exchange medium in the tube pass sub-channels 6 is further balanced, other irregular structures for balancing the volume change are not required to be additionally arranged, the structure of the heat exchanger can be simplified, the stress state of the heat exchanger is single, the reliability is improved, and the manufacturing difficulty is reduced; two tube-pass sub-runners 6 with opposite flow directions are arranged between two adjacent shell-pass sub-runners 3, so that the heat exchange area is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

With continued reference to fig. 1, and fig. 7 and 8, the tube pass assembly 5 includes a cover plate 51, the cover plate 51 covers the opening end of the housing 11, the first end of the spacer assembly 2 abuts against the inner bottom of the housing 11, the second end of the spacer assembly 2 extends in a direction toward the cover plate 51 and is spaced from the cover plate 51, and the two tube pass inlets and outlets 53 are disposed on the cover plate 51. The cover plate 51 is covered on the opening end of the shell 11, the cover plate 51 and the shell 11 enclose a closed flow space, and the spacing component 2 divides the flow space into a shell-side flow passage area and a tube-side flow passage area; meanwhile, by providing the tube pass inlet/outlet 53 in the cover plate 51, the processing of the tube pass inlet/outlet 53 can be simplified.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, and fig. 9 and 10, the spacer assembly 2 includes a plurality of spacers 21 that are set at intervals in turn, the first end of the spacer 21 is connected with the inner bottom of the housing 11, two adjacent spacers 21 surround with the inner bottom to form a shell-side runner 3 with two closed ends, each spacer 21 is provided with a communication port 4, and each spacer 21 is provided with two pipe-side runners 6 with opposite flow directions. Two adjacent separators 21 and inner bottom surround to form a shell pass subchannel 3, and two tube pass subchannels 6 with opposite flow directions are formed inside the separator 21, so that the heat exchange area is increased, sufficient heat exchange can be realized, and the heat exchanger is ensured to have good heat exchange performance.

Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the separating body 21 includes a separating cylinder 211 and a separating rib plate 212, the separating cylinder 211 is an annular cylinder structure with one open end and one closed end, the opening of the separating cylinder 211 faces the cover plate 51, a tube path runner 6 is formed in the inner cavity of the separating cylinder 211, one end of the separating rib plate 212 is connected with the closed end of the separating cylinder 211, and the other end of the separating rib plate 212 abuts against the inner bottom of the housing 11. The arrangement of the separating cylinder 211 ensures that the structure of the separating body 21 is more regular, and the manufacturing difficulty is reduced. Meanwhile, the connection of the partition cylinder 211 with the inner bottom of the housing 11 is facilitated by the partition rib plate 212, which facilitates assembly.

Alternatively, the partition cylinder 211 is of a split ring structure, and the openings of the split ring structure form the communication ports 4. The split ring has regular structure and is easy to produce and manufacture. Preferably, the partition rib plate 212 is in a ring shape with an opening, and is simple and convenient to manufacture. In this embodiment, the other end of the separating rib plate 212 is connected to the inner bottom of the housing 11 by welding, so that the process is convenient and easy to operate. In other embodiments, the other end of the partition rib 212 may be connected to the inner bottom of the housing 11 by a flange or other means.

As shown in fig. 1, 11 and 12, each partition body 21 has a flow chamber with an opening facing the cover plate 51, the tube pass assembly 5 further includes a plurality of tubular bodies 52 sleeved at intervals, a first end of each tubular body 52 is connected to the cover plate 51, a second end of each tubular body 52 extends into the flow chamber and is arranged at intervals with the bottom wall of the flow chamber and the inner and outer chamber walls, and the tubular bodies 52 partition the flow chamber into two tube pass branch passages 6 with opposite flow directions. The arrangement of the cylindrical body 52 improves the regularity of the structure of the tube side assembly 5 and reduces the manufacturing difficulty. Preferably, the distance between the second end of the cylindrical body 52 and the inner cavity wall is equal to the distance between the second end of the cylindrical body 52 and the outer cavity wall, so that the continuity of the area change of heat exchange in the flow channel is improved, the uniformity of heat exchange is further improved, and the volume change of the separating body 21 is reduced.

Optionally, the partition assembly 2 includes a partition top plate 22, the partition top plate 22 closes the opening of the housing 11, the cover plate 51 is disposed at a side of the partition top plate 22 away from the inner bottom, the second end of each partition body 21 is connected to the partition top plate 22, the flow cavity penetrates through the partition top plate 22, and the partition top plate 22, the inner bottom and two adjacent partition bodies 21 surround to form the shell-side flow channel 3. The tube-side branch channels 6 in the adjacent flow chambers are communicated by disposing the cover plate 51 at intervals on the side of the partition top plate 22 away from the inner bottom. Preferably, a plurality of annular through holes are formed in the separation top plate 22 and correspond to the openings of the separation cylinder 211 one by one, so that the tube pass sub-channels 6 in the adjacent flow cavities are communicated, and the annular through holes are regular in structure and easy to process.

Preferably, the projections of the separation cylinder 211 and the cylinder 52 on the cover plate 51 are coaxially arranged in an open ring structure, the separation cylinder 211 comprises an inner cylinder wall and an outer cylinder wall which are coaxially and sleeved at intervals, one end of each of the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall is connected with the separation top plate 22, the other end of each of the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall is connected through a cylinder bottom wall, the separation cylinder 211 further comprises a connecting wall connected between the end of the inner cylinder wall along the circumferential direction and the end of the outer cylinder wall along the circumferential direction, and the inner cylinder wall, the outer cylinder wall, the cylinder bottom wall and the two connecting walls surround to form the flow cavity. The second end of the cylindrical body 52 is disposed opposite to the cylindrical bottom wall, and both circumferential ends of the cylindrical body 52 are in contact with the connecting walls, respectively, so that the fluid on both sides of the cylindrical body 52 can pass through only the gap between the cylindrical body 52 and the cylindrical bottom wall. That is, the two tube-side runners 6 located in the same flow chamber communicate through the gap between the cylindrical body 52 and the bottom of the flow chamber, and the shell-side runner 3 located in the adjacent flow chamber communicates through the gap between the cylindrical body 52 and the partition top plate 22.

In order to ensure that the heat exchange medium in the tube side runner is uniformly and symmetrically distributed to the flow cavity formed by the partition bodies 21 and improve the uniformity of heat exchange, preferably, the tube side inlet/outlet 53 communicated with the innermost tube side runner 6 is coaxially arranged with the innermost partition body 21.

In the actual assembly process, the separation top plate 22 extends out of the radial outer side of the shell 11, and the heat exchanger further comprises a ring plug 7, wherein the ring plug 7 is arranged between the cover plate 51 and the separation top plate 22 in a sealing mode and is located on the outer side of the cylindrical body 52. The outermost tube-side branch passages 6 are communicated with the tube-side ports 53 by projecting the partition top plate 22 radially outside the housing 11. By providing the ring plug 7 between the cover plate 51 and the partition top plate 22, the sealing performance of the heat exchanger is improved, the leakage of the substance in the flow passage is prevented, and the reliability of the heat exchanger is further improved. Optionally, the ring plug 7 is detachably connected with the cover plate 51 and the separation top plate 22, so that the installation and the removal are convenient.

Optionally, the inner wall of the innermost separator 21 surrounds to form a shell-side runner 3, and a shell-side inlet/outlet 12 is in direct communication with the shell-side runner 3; the outer side wall of the separator 21 at the outermost side and the inner side wall of the shell 11 surround to form a shell side runner 3, and the other shell side inlet and outlet 12 is arranged on the outer side wall of the shell 11 and communicated with the shell side runner 3. One shell pass inlet and outlet 12 is communicated with the innermost shell pass sub-runner 3, and the other shell pass inlet and outlet 12 is communicated with the outermost shell pass sub-runner 3 to form a shell pass runner loop, so that the shell pass sub-runners 3 are radially and symmetrically arranged relative to the cover plate 51, and the volume change of the shell 11 is reduced.

Alternatively, all the communication ports 4 are located on the same straight line in projection on the inner bottom of the housing 11, so that the shell-side branch passages 3 and the tube-side branch passages 6 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the straight line. The arrangement can ensure that the tube pass sub-channels 6 are symmetrically arranged, improve the heat transfer efficiency and ensure the uniformity change of heat transfer.

Preferably, the communication port 4 communicated with the outermost shell-side branch passage 3 and the shell-side inlet/outlet 12 on the outer side wall of the shell 11 are arranged in a staggered manner by 180 degrees in the circumferential direction of the shell 11, that is, the communication port 4 in all the communication ports 4 is farthest from the shell-side inlet/outlet 12, so that the outermost shell-side branch passage 3 is fully utilized, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

When the heat exchanger is placed along the axial direction of the shell 11, preferably, the shell pass inlet and outlet 12 arranged on the outer side wall of the shell 11 is arranged close to the separation top plate 22, so that substances in the shell pass channel can fully flow through the shell pass channel, the heat exchange area is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. Preferably, a plurality of tube pass inlets and outlets 53 communicated with the outermost tube pass sub-channels 6 are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the cover plate 51, so that the inlet or outlet efficiency of substances in the tube pass channels is improved, and the heat exchange rate is improved. Preferably, there are 4 tube-side ports 53 evenly disposed on the periphery of the cover plate 51. In other embodiments, the number of tube-side ports 53 can be set by one skilled in the art according to the actual application scenario.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A heat exchanger, comprising:

the shell side assembly (1) comprises a shell (11) with one open end and one closed end;

the spacing assembly (2) is arranged in the shell (11), the spacing assembly (2) and the inner wall of the shell (11) are surrounded to form a plurality of shell-side sub-channels (3) which are sleeved at intervals, two axial ends of each shell-side sub-channel (3) along the shell (11) are closed, the spacing assembly (2) is provided with a communication port (4) for communicating two adjacent shell-side sub-channels (3), the two communication ports (4) for communicating the same shell-side sub-channel (3) are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction of the shell (11), and shell-side inlet and outlet ports (12) are respectively arranged on the shell (11) corresponding to the shell-side sub-channels (3) at the outermost side and the innermost side;

tube side subassembly (5), tube side subassembly (5) set up in casing (11), interval subassembly (2) with tube side subassembly (5) enclose to establish tube side subchannel (6) that establish in proper order inside and outside a plurality of and establish, a plurality of tube side subchannel (6) are in dislocation intercommunication in proper order and formation longitudinal section are snakelike tube side runner, adjacent two have between shell side subchannel (3) two opposite in flow direction tube side subchannel (6), tube side subassembly (5) correspond most inboard and the outside tube side subchannel (6) are provided with tube side exit (53) respectively.

2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the tube side assembly (5) comprises a cover plate (51), the cover plate (51) is arranged at the open end of the housing (11) in a covering manner, the first end of the spacer assembly (2) abuts against the inner bottom of the housing (11), the second end of the spacer assembly (2) extends in a direction towards the cover plate (51) and is arranged at a distance from the cover plate (51), and both tube side inlets and outlets (53) are arranged on the cover plate (51).

3. The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the spacing assembly (2) comprises a plurality of separating bodies (21) which are sequentially sleeved at intervals, the first end of each separating body (21) is connected with the inner bottom of the shell (11), two adjacent separating bodies (21) and the inner bottom surround to form the shell-side branch passage (3) with two closed ends, the communication port (4) is formed in each separating body (21), and the two pipe-side branch passages (6) with opposite flow directions are formed in each separating body (21).

4. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the separator (21) comprises a separation cylinder (211) and a separation rib plate (212), the separation cylinder (211) is an annular cylinder structure with one open end and one closed end, the opening of the separation cylinder (211) faces the cover plate (51), the tube-side branch channel (6) is formed in an inner cavity of the separation cylinder (211), one end of the separation rib plate (212) is connected with the closed end of the separation cylinder (211), and the other end of the separation rib plate (212) abuts against an inner bottom of the shell (11).

5. The heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the dividing cylinder (211) is of a split ring structure, the openings of which form the communication port (4).

6. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein each separator (21) has a flow chamber opening toward the cover plate (51), the tube-side assembly (5) further comprises a plurality of spaced-apart cylindrical bodies (52), a first end of each cylindrical body (52) is connected to the cover plate (51), a second end of each cylindrical body (52) extends into the flow chamber and is spaced apart from the bottom wall and the inner and outer chamber walls of the flow chamber, and the cylindrical bodies (52) divide the flow chamber into two tube-side branch passages (6) with opposite flow directions.

7. The heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein the spacer assembly (2) comprises a top partition plate (22), the top partition plate (22) closes the opening of the housing (11), the cover plate (51) is disposed at a position spaced apart from the inner bottom of the top partition plate (22), the second end of each of the spacers (21) is connected to the top partition plate (22), and the flow chamber penetrates through the top partition plate (22), and the top partition plate (22), the inner bottom and two adjacent spacers (21) surround to form the shell-side branch passage (3).

8. The heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the separation head plate (22) protrudes radially outside the housing (11), the heat exchanger further comprising a ring plug (7), the ring plug (7) being sealingly arranged between the cover plate (51) and the separation head plate (22) and outside the cylinder (52).

9. The heat exchanger according to any of claims 3 to 8, wherein the inner wall of the innermost separator (21) surrounds the shell-side by-pass flow channel (3), and a shell-side inlet/outlet (12) is in direct communication with the shell-side by-pass flow channel (3);

the outer side wall of the separator (21) on the outermost side and the inner side wall of the shell (11) surround to form the shell side runner (3), and the other shell side inlet and outlet (12) is arranged on the outer side wall of the shell (11) and communicated with the shell side runner (3).

10. The heat exchanger according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that all the communication ports (4) are located on the same line in projection on the inner bottom of the housing (11).

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