CN113882197A - Permanent magnet magnetic suspension track, magnetic suspension mechanism and magnetic suspension train - Google Patents
Permanent magnet magnetic suspension track, magnetic suspension mechanism and magnetic suspension train Download PDFInfo
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- CN113882197A CN113882197A CN202111235956.6A CN202111235956A CN113882197A CN 113882197 A CN113882197 A CN 113882197A CN 202111235956 A CN202111235956 A CN 202111235956A CN 113882197 A CN113882197 A CN 113882197A
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical group [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
- E01B25/30—Tracks for magnetic suspension or levitation vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L13/00—Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
- B60L13/04—Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
Abstract
The invention provides a permanent magnetic suspension track, a magnetic suspension mechanism and a magnetic suspension train, wherein the permanent magnetic suspension track comprises: a plurality of track segments; the plurality of track segments are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track; butt joints are arranged between the opposite end faces of the adjacent two of the plurality of track segments; the butt seam comprises at least one first seam section, and the extending direction of the first seam section and the included angle of the length direction form an acute angle. Based on the optimization of the butt seam structure, the suspension force loss of the magnetic suspension train when passing through the butt seam is reduced, the displacement interval of the suspension force descending and ascending of the magnetic suspension train when passing through the butt seam can be lengthened, the discomfort of passengers caused by the sudden descending and the sudden ascending of the suspension force is effectively relieved, and the safety and the stability of the magnetic suspension train operation are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic suspension, in particular to a permanent magnetic suspension track, a magnetic suspension mechanism and a magnetic suspension train.
Background
At present, with the development of magnetic levitation technology, magnetic levitation supporting technology is widely applied to the fields of magnetic bearings, magnetic levitation motors, magnetic levitation boosters and the like, and especially plays an important role in a magnetic levitation train system. Because the magnetic suspension train has the characteristic of no mechanical contact friction during operation, the contact friction force during the operation of the magnetic suspension train mainly comes from air resistance, which provides possibility for realizing the ultra-high speed operation of the magnetic suspension train.
The existing mature magnetic suspension modes are electromagnetic suspension (EMS) and electrodynamic suspension (EDS). On the background that electromagnetic levitation has the defect of large levitation energy consumption, and trains cannot realize electric levitation at static state or low speed, a novel levitation mode, namely permanent magnet levitation (PMS), is proposed in the related art. Compared with electromagnetic suspension and electric suspension, the permanent magnetic suspension has the advantages of low suspension energy consumption, static suspension, low operation and maintenance cost and the like.
For a maglev train based on permanent magnet suspension, in order to achieve contactless suspension of the maglev train, a maglev mechanism corresponding to the train generally includes a permanent magnet track and a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet, the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet is mounted on a lower side of a train body of the train, and the permanent magnet track and the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet achieve contactless suspension of the train body of the train on the upper side of the permanent magnet track by utilizing a principle that like poles of the permanent magnets repel each other. However, in engineering applications, the installation accuracy of the permanent magnet track is often influenced by the processing accuracy of the permanent magnet blocks, expansion caused by heat and contraction caused by cold, and other factors, a butt joint seam inevitably exists between two adjacent sections of the permanent magnet track, and the width of the butt joint seam between different sections is usually inconsistent. When the maglev train travels over the butt seam, the permanent magnets on board are correspondingly displaced relative to the butt seam. Because the butt joint seam on the existing permanent magnet track is unreasonable in design, when the maglev train runs through the butt joint seam, large magnetic leakage exists between the permanent magnet track and the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet, so that the suspension force applied to the maglev train is often damaged in different degrees, and particularly when the butt joint seam is too wide, the suspension force loss of the maglev train is obvious, the phenomena of head raising and head nodding of the train during running are easily caused, and the phenomenon of rail smashing is possibly caused even in serious conditions, so that the riding comfort of passengers is reduced, and the safety and stable running of the maglev train are greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a permanent magnetic suspension track, a magnetic suspension mechanism and a magnetic suspension train, which are used for solving or improving the problem of unreasonable design of butt joints on the existing permanent magnetic track so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the magnetic suspension train.
The invention provides a permanent magnetic suspension track, comprising: a plurality of track segments; the plurality of track segments are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track; butt joints are arranged between the opposite end faces of the adjacent two of the plurality of track segments; the butt seam comprises at least one first seam section, and the extending direction of the first seam section and the included angle of the length direction form an acute angle.
According to the permanent magnetic suspension track provided by the invention, the opposite end surfaces of two adjacent track sections are two parallel inclined surfaces, the butt joint seam is formed between the two inclined surfaces, and the included angle between the inclined surfaces and the length direction is an acute angle.
According to the permanent magnetic suspension track provided by the invention, the butt seam comprises a plurality of first seam sections which are sequentially connected, and the slopes of at least two of the first seam sections relative to the length direction are different; and/or the butt seam comprises at least one second seam section, the extending direction of the second seam section is perpendicular to the length direction, and the second seam section is connected with the first seam section.
According to the permanent magnetic suspension track, the included angle between the extending direction of the first joint section and the length direction is 20-60 degrees; the width of the butt seam is 20-100 mm.
According to the invention, the permanent magnetic suspension track comprises a plurality of first permanent magnets; the first permanent magnets extend along the length direction respectively, and the first permanent magnets are sequentially arranged in a Halbach array along the width direction of the permanent magnet magnetic suspension track.
According to the permanent magnetic suspension track provided by the invention, the first permanent magnet is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet; and/or according to the arrangement sequence of the first permanent magnets, the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnet and the last permanent magnet in the first permanent magnets are vertical directions, and from the second permanent magnet in the first permanent magnets, the magnetization direction of each first permanent magnet rotates 90 degrees along the counterclockwise direction relative to the magnetization direction of the previous first permanent magnet.
According to the permanent magnetic suspension track provided by the invention, the permanent magnetic suspension track further comprises a first fixed seat, and the first fixed seat extends along the length direction; the plurality of first permanent magnets are arranged on the first fixed seat; the first fixing seat is made of nonmagnetic material without magnetic conduction.
The invention also provides a magnetic suspension mechanism, which comprises a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet and the permanent magnet magnetic suspension track; the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet is used for being mounted on the lower side of a vehicle body of a magnetic suspension train and located on the upper side of the permanent magnetic suspension track, and a suspension air gap is formed between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet and the permanent magnetic suspension track.
According to the magnetic suspension mechanism provided by the invention, the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet comprises a plurality of second permanent magnets; the plurality of second permanent magnets extend along the length direction of the permanent magnetic suspension track respectively, and the plurality of second permanent magnets are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the permanent magnetic suspension track to form a Halbach array.
According to the magnetic suspension mechanism provided by the invention, the second permanent magnet is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet; and/or according to the arrangement sequence of the plurality of second permanent magnets, the magnetization directions of the first and the last permanent magnets in the plurality of second permanent magnets are both vertical directions, and from the second permanent magnet in the plurality of second permanent magnets, the magnetization direction of each second permanent magnet rotates by 90 degrees along the counterclockwise direction relative to the magnetization direction of the previous second permanent magnet; the number of the second permanent magnets is the same as that of the first permanent magnets.
The magnetic suspension mechanism further comprises a second fixed seat, wherein the second fixed seat extends along the length direction; the plurality of second permanent magnets are arranged on the second fixed seat; the second fixing seat is made of nonmagnetic material without magnetic conduction.
The invention also provides a magnetic suspension train, which comprises the magnetic suspension mechanism, wherein the train body of the magnetic suspension train is connected with the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet.
According to the permanent magnetic suspension track, the magnetic suspension mechanism and the magnetic suspension train, based on the optimized design of each butt joint on the permanent magnetic suspension track, mutually exclusive magnetic force always exists between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet and the permanent magnetic suspension track in a track section corresponding to the butt joint when the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet on the magnetic suspension train passes through the butt joint, so that the loss area of the unit length of the suspension magnet at the butt joint is reduced, the suspension force loss when the magnetic suspension train passes through the butt joint is reduced, the displacement interval of the suspension force descending and ascending when the magnetic suspension train passes through the butt joint can be prolonged, the discomfort brought to passengers by the sudden descending and the sudden ascending of the suspension force is effectively relieved, the safety and the stability of the passengers in the operation of the magnetic suspension train are ensured, and the riding comfort level is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of the levitation of a magnetic levitation train according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a prior art permanent magnet track arrangement;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a permanent magnetic levitation track provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of a top view of the permanent magnetic levitation track provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a third schematic diagram of a top view of the permanent magnetic levitation track provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the relative distribution of the permanent magnet levitation track and the permanent magnets on board the vehicle provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a second schematic structural diagram of the relative distribution of the permanent magnet levitation track and the permanent magnets mounted on the vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulated plot of the magnetic flux distribution of the Halbach array provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the variation of levitation force generated by a track segment to a permanent magnet on a vehicle in a permanent magnetic levitation track according to the width of a levitation air gap;
fig. 10 is a graphical representation of the levitation force experienced by a magnetic levitation vehicle as it passes through a butt seam on the permanent magnet track shown in fig. 2;
figure 11 is a graphical representation of the levitation force experienced by a magnetic levitation train as it passes through a butt seam on the permanent magnet track shown in figure 3;
reference numerals:
101: a permanent magnet track; 102: a vehicle-mounted magnet; 103: a vehicle body;
1: a front magnetic track; 2: a rear magnetic track;
111: a permanent magnetic levitation track; 112: a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet; 11: a track segment;
12: butt-joint seam; 121: a first seam section; 122: a second seam section;
1110: a first permanent magnet; 1111: a first fixed seat; 1120: a second permanent magnet;
1121: a second fixed seat.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A permanent-magnet magnetic levitation track, a magnetic levitation mechanism and a magnetic levitation train according to the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1-11.
Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of the levitation of a prior art magnetic levitation vehicle. As shown in fig. 1, a vehicle-mounted magnet 102 is provided on the lower side of a vehicle body 103 of a magnetic levitation train, a permanent magnet track 101 is fixed to the ground, and the vehicle-mounted magnet 102 and the permanent magnet track 101 are provided so as to face each other vertically. Based on the mutually repulsive magnetic force between the vehicle-mounted magnet 102 and the permanent magnet track 101, the vehicle body 103 of the magnetic levitation train can be subjected to a vertically upward levitation force to counteract the gravity thereof until a levitation air gap is formed between the vehicle-mounted magnet 102 and the permanent magnet track 101, thereby ensuring that the vehicle body 103 of the magnetic levitation train is levitated on the upper side of the permanent magnet track 101.
As shown in fig. 2, the permanent magnet track 101 includes a front track 1 and a rear track 2, and a pair of seams with a distance d is formed between the front track 1 and the rear track 2, and the pair of seams extends in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the permanent magnet track 101. When the magnetic suspension train runs through the butt seam, the suspension force applied to the magnetic suspension train is often damaged in different degrees, and when the butt seam is too wide, the suspension force applied to the magnetic suspension train is obviously lost.
It is obvious that the levitation force applied to the maglev train is sharply reduced when the on-board magnet 102 approaches the butt seam along the front track 1, the levitation force applied to the maglev train is kept stable when the on-board magnet 102 is positioned at the upper side of the butt seam, and the levitation force applied to the maglev train is sharply increased when the on-board magnet 102 is positioned at the rear track 2 and the rear end of the on-board magnet 102 gradually leaves the butt seam. Thus, based on the design structure of the existing permanent magnet track 101, the magnetic suspension train has the phenomena of 'head up' and 'head nod' during running, which affects the running safety of the train and reduces the comfort level of passengers.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, in order to overcome the above technical situation and ensure safe and stable operation of the maglev train, the present embodiment provides a permanent magnet maglev track. The permanent magnetic levitation track 111 includes: a plurality of track segments 11; the plurality of track segments 11 are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track 111; a butt joint 12 is arranged between the opposite end surfaces of the adjacent two of the plurality of track segments 11; the butt seam 12 comprises at least one first seam section 121, and the extending direction of the first seam section 121 forms an acute angle with the length direction.
Specifically, compared with the existing butt joint 12 arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track, the embodiment is based on the optimized design of each butt joint 12 on the permanent magnetic levitation track 111, so that at least one section of the butt joint 12 is arranged in the length direction inclined to the permanent magnetic levitation track 111, when the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 112 on the magnetic levitation train passes through the butt joint 12, in a track section corresponding to the butt joint 12, mutually exclusive magnetic force always exists between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 112 and the permanent magnetic levitation track 111, the levitation force loss of the vehicle body 103 of the magnetic levitation train is reduced, the safety and stability of the magnetic levitation train operation are ensured, the comfort level of passengers is improved, and the rail-hitting phenomenon of the train is prevented.
It should be noted that the extending direction of the first joint segment 121 in the embodiment is at an angle of 20 ° to 60 ° with respect to the length direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track 111, for example, the angle of inclination of the first joint segment 121 with respect to the length direction may be specifically 20 °, 30 °, 45 °, 50 °, 60 °, and the like, and is not limited in this respect.
Meanwhile, since at least one section of the butt joint 12 is inclined to the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet levitation railway 111, the width of the butt joint 12 shown in the present embodiment has a wider design range under the condition of ensuring safe and stable operation of the maglev train, thereby facilitating the field construction and long-term operation of each railway section 11 corresponding to the permanent magnet levitation railway 111. The width of the butt seam 12 shown in the present embodiment is 20-100mm, for example, the width of the butt seam 12 may be 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, and the like, which is not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 3, the opposite end surfaces of two adjacent track segments 11 in the embodiment are two parallel inclined surfaces, and the butt joint 12 is formed between the two inclined surfaces, and the included angle between the inclined surfaces and the length direction is an acute angle.
Of course, the butt seam 12 shown in the present embodiment is not limited to the one first seam segment shown in FIG. 3. The butt seam 12 shown in this embodiment may further include a plurality of first seam segments 121, the plurality of first seam segments 121 are connected in sequence, and slopes of at least two of the plurality of first seam segments 121 with respect to the length direction are different.
In one embodiment, the butt seam 12 may also be provided as two first seam segments 121, the two first seam segments 121 being connected. In this embodiment, an extending direction of one of the first seam sections 121 forms an angle of 60 ° with the length direction, and an extending direction of the other first seam section 121 forms an angle of 30 ° with the length direction.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the butt seam 12 may be further provided with three first seam segments 121, and the three first seam segments 121 are connected in sequence. In this embodiment, the extending direction of the first seam segment 121 and the length direction may be 60 degrees, the extending direction of the second first seam segment 121 and the length direction may be 20 degrees, and the extending direction of the third first seam segment 121 and the length direction may be 60 degrees.
Meanwhile, the butt seam 12 further includes at least one second seam segment 122, the second seam segment 122 extends in a direction perpendicular to the length direction, and the second seam segment 122 is connected to the first seam segment 121.
As shown in fig. 5, the butt seam 12 of the present embodiment includes a first seam segment 121 and a second seam segment 122. In this embodiment, the extending direction of the first seam segment 121 forms an angle of 30 ° with the length direction.
Of course, the butt seam 12 may also be a composite of a plurality of first seam sections 121 and at least one second seam section 122. For example, in the present embodiment, the plurality of first seam segments 121 and the plurality of second seam segments 122 may be alternately connected in sequence, or after the plurality of first seam segments 121 with different slopes are connected in sequence, the first seam segments are connected to one second seam segment 122.
It should be noted that the first seam section 121 and the second seam section 122 shown in the present embodiment are both straight seams.
Further, in order to ensure the magnetic levitation effect on the magnetic levitation vehicle, the permanent magnetic levitation track 111 shown in the present embodiment includes a plurality of first permanent magnets 1110; the plurality of first permanent magnets 1110 extend in the length direction, and the plurality of first permanent magnets 1110 are sequentially arranged in a halbach array (halbach array) in the width direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track 111. The first permanent magnet 1110 is preferably a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet with the trademark N45.
Specifically, the halbach array shown in the above embodiment is a novel permanent magnet array, and the halbach array is arranged in a certain order according to the magnetizing direction of the first permanent magnet 1110, so that the magnetic field of the halbach array is more concentrated, that is, the magnetic field intensity of one side of the halbach array is obviously increased, and the magnetic field intensity of the other side of the halbach array is obviously weakened.
Specifically, in the halbach array corresponding to the permanent magnetic levitation track 111 shown in the present embodiment, according to the arrangement order of the first permanent magnets 1110, the magnetization directions of the first and last permanent magnets 1110 are vertical directions, and from the second permanent magnet 1110, the magnetization direction of each first permanent magnet 1110 is rotated by 90 ° counterclockwise with respect to the magnetization direction of the previous first permanent magnet 1110.
The halbach array shown in this embodiment is specifically provided with five first permanent magnets 1110, and the magnetization directions of the first and last first permanent magnets 1110 arranged in the halbach array are both vertical.
Meanwhile, the permanent magnetic levitation track 111 shown in the embodiment further includes a first fixed seat 1111, and the first fixed seat 1111 extends along the length direction; the plurality of first permanent magnets 1110 are mounted on the first fixing seat 1111; the first fixing seat 1111 is made of a non-magnetic material without magnetic conduction. Wherein, first fixing base 1111 specifically is the aluminium groove, and the notch in aluminium groove is vertical distributes up, and the shown a plurality of first permanent magnets 1110 of this embodiment of installation in the aluminium groove.
Further, this embodiment specifically illustrates a simulation diagram of the magnetic line distribution of the halbach array in fig. 8. Obviously, the magnetic lines of force on the upper side of the halbach array are distributed more densely, and the magnetic lines of force on the lower side of the halbach array are distributed more sparsely, which leads to a significant increase in the magnetic field strength on the upper side of the halbach array.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the present embodiment further provides a magnetic suspension mechanism, which includes a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 112 and a permanent magnetic suspension track 111 as described above; the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 112 is used for being mounted on the lower side of the vehicle body 103 of the magnetic suspension train and is positioned on the upper side of the permanent magnet magnetic suspension track 111, and a suspension air gap is formed between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 112 and the permanent magnet magnetic suspension track 111.
Specifically, the on-vehicle permanent magnet 112 shown in the present embodiment includes a plurality of second permanent magnets 1120; the plurality of second permanent magnets 1120 respectively extend along the length direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track 111, and the plurality of second permanent magnets 1120 are sequentially arranged in a halbach array along the width direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track 111.
Here, the second permanent magnet 1120 shown in the present embodiment is preferably a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet. Meanwhile, for the on-vehicle permanent magnet 112, according to the arrangement order of the plurality of second permanent magnets 1120, the magnetization directions of the first and last ones of the plurality of second permanent magnets 1120 are both vertical directions, and from the second one of the plurality of second permanent magnets 1120, the magnetization direction of each second permanent magnet 1120 rotates counterclockwise by 90 ° with respect to the magnetization direction of the previous second permanent magnet 1120; the number of the second permanent magnets 1120 is the same as the number of the first permanent magnets 1110.
As shown in fig. 6, the halbach array corresponding to the on-vehicle permanent magnet 112 shown in this embodiment is specifically provided with five second permanent magnets 1120, and the magnetization directions of the first and last first permanent magnets 1110 arranged in the halbach array are both vertical downward.
Meanwhile, the plurality of second permanent magnets 1120 shown in the present embodiment are mounted on the second fixing base 1121, the second fixing base 1121 is mounted on the body 103 of the maglev train, and the second fixing base 1121 extends along the length direction of the permanent magnet maglev track 111. The second fixing seat 1121 is made of a nonmagnetic material having no magnetic conductivity, the second fixing seat 1121 is specifically an aluminum groove, notches of the aluminum groove are vertically distributed downward, and the plurality of second permanent magnets 1120 shown in this embodiment are installed in the aluminum groove.
In this way, under the condition that each first permanent magnet 1110 corresponding to the permanent magnetic levitation track 111 and each second permanent magnet 1120 corresponding to the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 112 are all arranged in a halbach array, the strong magnetic surface of the permanent magnetic levitation track 111 may be set to face the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 112, and the strong magnetic surface of the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet 112 may face the permanent magnetic levitation track 111. Based on the repulsive magnetic force between the permanent magnetic levitation track 111 and the permanent magnet 112, a levitation force for ensuring levitation can be generated on the vehicle body 103 of the magnetic levitation train.
In the following, this embodiment specifically takes a permanent magnetic levitation track including five ndfeb permanent magnets and a vehicle-mounted permanent magnet including five ndfeb permanent magnets as an example, and studies the magnetic force state between the permanent magnetic levitation track and the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the length, width and height of the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet are respectively 600mm, w1 mm and h1 mm 60 mm; the width and the height of the permanent magnetic suspension track are w 2-150 mm and h 2-22 mm respectively, and the magnetizing directions of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets corresponding to the permanent magnetic suspension track and the magnetizing directions of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnets corresponding to the vehicle-mounted permanent magnets are shown in fig. 6.
In this case, the levitation force F to which the permanent magnet is mountedZAs shown in the following equation:
in the above formula, BrIs the remanence of the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet; k is 2 pi/lambda, lambda is the wavelength of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, and lambda is mdmM is the number of unit magnetic blocks per wavelength, dmIs the length of the unit magnetic block; z is the suspension height of the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet on the permanent magnet magnetic suspension track; mu.s0Is a vacuum magnetic permeability.
On a normal track, the relationship between the levitation force received by the permanent magnet on board and the width of the levitation air gap is shown in fig. 9, that is, the levitation force decreases exponentially as the width of the levitation air gap increases. Under the condition that the suspension weight is unchanged and the influence of disturbance is ignored, the magnetic suspension train can run on a certain stable suspension air gap. Wherein, in fig. 9, the ordinate represents the magnitude of the levitation force in KN; the abscissa represents the width of the levitation air gap, which is the levitation height z shown in the above embodiments in mm.
However, when the maglev train passes through the magnetic track with butt joints, the levitation force is lost, which affects the running stability of the maglev train.
As shown in fig. 10, when the maglev train passes through the butt joint seam on the permanent magnet track shown in fig. 2, the width d of the butt joint seam is set to be 50mm, and a suspension force transformation curve can be obtained through simulation by simulation software ANSYS. In fig. 10, the ordinate represents the magnitude of the levitation force, and the unit is KN; the abscissa represents the distance travelled by the magnetic levitation vehicle in mm.
In the advancing direction of the magnetic levitation vehicle indicated by the arrow in fig. 10, the levitation force is maintained at 30.13KN during the process of the magnetic levitation vehicle passing through the butt seam, and then, within the interval represented by x1, the levitation force is sharply reduced from 30.13KN to about 27.68 KN; then, the suspension force is maintained at about 27.68 KN; then, in the interval characterized by x2, the levitation force sharply rises from 27.68KN to 30.13KN, and after passing through the butt seam, the levitation force can be restored to 30.13 KN.
Therefore, based on the design form of the butt joint on the existing permanent magnet track, when the magnetic suspension train passes through the butt joint, the suspension force can change rapidly in descending and rising, so that when the magnetic suspension train passes through the butt joint, the magnetic suspension train can generate the conditions of 'nodding' and 'raising', passengers can feel bumpy and influence the comfort level of passengers, and even the phenomenon of rail smashing can be caused in serious conditions, so that the magnetic suspension train can have great influence on the safe and stable operation.
As shown in fig. 11, when the magnetic levitation train passes through the butt seam on the permanent magnetic levitation track shown in fig. 3, the width d of the butt seam is set to be 50mm, and a levitation force transformation curve can be obtained through simulation by simulation software ANSYS. In fig. 11, the ordinate represents the magnitude of the levitation force, and the unit is KN; the abscissa represents the distance travelled by the magnetic levitation vehicle in mm.
Based on the design structure of the butt joint seam shown in fig. 3, when the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet passes through the upper side of the butt joint seam, a certain section of the permanent magnetic suspension track corresponding to the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet cannot be suspended, namely, an interactive magnetic field is uniformly formed between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet and the permanent magnetic suspension track, so that the magnet volume of unit magnetic track loss at the butt joint seam is effectively reduced, the suspension force loss of a magnetic suspension train passing through the butt joint seam is reduced, the descending and ascending displacement interval of the suspension force of the magnetic suspension train passing through the butt joint seam can be prolonged, and the suspension force is more smoothly descended.
Of course, the change rule of the levitation force is influenced by the length l of the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet and the horizontal displacement length l of the butt joint1However, compared to the curve shown in fig. 10, in the case where the length l of the permanent magnet on the vehicle is not changed, the maximum value of the levitation force is substantially the same, and the minimum value of the levitation force is equal to l1Correlation,. l1The larger the magnetic loss per unit displacement of the magnetic levitation train passing through the butt joint, the smaller the minimum value of the levitation force, and l1The increase of the suspension force can prolong the displacement of the suspension force descending and ascending when the magnetic suspension train passes through the butt joint seam, so that the change of the suspension force is more stable.
As shown in FIG. 11, this example takes l1In this case, a characteristic curve of the levitation force is obtained, where the arrow in fig. 11 indicates the direction of travel of the magnetic levitation vehicle. When the magnetic levitation train passes through the butt seam shown in fig. 3, the levitation force applied to the magnetic levitation train at the initial stage is stabilized at 30.13KN as the magnetic levitation train advances, and then, within the interval represented by x1', the levitation force is slowly reduced from 30.13KN to 27.66 KN; then, in the interval characterized by x2', the suspension force slowly rises from 27.66KN to 30.13 KN; after the maglev train runs through the butt seam, the levitation force is stabilized at 30.13 KN.
As can be seen from a comparison between fig. 10 and fig. 11, x1'> x1 is present in the descending interval of the levitation force, and x2' > x2 is present in the ascending interval of the levitation force. Thus, in this embodiment, based on the butt joint seam set in fig. 3, the displacement of the levitation force decreasing and increasing when the maglev train travels through the butt joint seam is properly lengthened, so that the levitation force changes more stably, and the stability and the safety of the maglev train traveling are improved.
Preferably, the present embodiment further provides a magnetic levitation train, comprising a magnetic levitation mechanism as recited in any one of the above, wherein a body of the magnetic levitation train is connected with the on-board permanent magnet.
Specifically, since the magnetic levitation train includes the magnetic levitation mechanism, the specific structure of the magnetic levitation mechanism refers to the above embodiments, and the magnetic levitation train adopts all technical solutions of all the above embodiments, so that at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments are achieved, and no further description is given here.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A permanent magnet magnetic levitation track, comprising: a plurality of track segments; the plurality of track segments are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the permanent magnetic levitation track;
butt joints are arranged between the opposite end faces of the adjacent two of the plurality of track segments; the butt seam comprises at least one first seam section, and the extending direction of the first seam section and the included angle of the length direction form an acute angle.
2. The permanent magnetic levitation track according to claim 1,
the opposite end surfaces of the adjacent two of the plurality of track segments are two parallel inclined surfaces, the butt joint is formed between the two inclined surfaces, and an included angle between each inclined surface and the length direction is an acute angle.
3. The permanent magnetic levitation track according to claim 1,
the pair of seams comprises a plurality of first seam sections which are connected in sequence, and the slopes of at least two of the first seam sections relative to the length direction are different;
and/or the butt seam comprises at least one second seam section, the extending direction of the second seam section is perpendicular to the length direction, and the second seam section is connected with the first seam section.
4. The permanent magnetic levitation track according to claim 1,
the extending direction of the first joint section forms an included angle of 20-60 degrees with the length direction; the width of the butt seam is 20-100 mm.
5. The permanent magnet magnetic levitation track according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the permanent magnet magnetic levitation track comprises a first plurality of permanent magnets; the first permanent magnets extend along the length direction respectively, and the first permanent magnets are sequentially arranged in a Halbach array along the width direction of the permanent magnet magnetic suspension track.
6. The permanent magnetic levitation track according to claim 5,
the first permanent magnet is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet;
and/or according to the arrangement sequence of the first permanent magnets, the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnet and the last permanent magnet in the first permanent magnets are vertical directions, and from the second permanent magnet in the first permanent magnets, the magnetization direction of each first permanent magnet rotates 90 degrees along the counterclockwise direction relative to the magnetization direction of the previous first permanent magnet.
7. The permanent magnetic levitation track according to claim 5,
the permanent magnetic suspension track also comprises a first fixed seat, and the first fixed seat extends along the length direction; the plurality of first permanent magnets are arranged on the first fixed seat; the first fixing seat is made of nonmagnetic material without magnetic conduction.
8. A magnetic levitation mechanism comprising an on-board permanent magnet and a permanent magnetic levitation track as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7;
the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet is used for being mounted on the lower side of a vehicle body of a magnetic suspension train and located on the upper side of the permanent magnetic suspension track, and a suspension air gap is formed between the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet and the permanent magnetic suspension track.
9. Magnetic levitation mechanism according to claim 8,
the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet comprises a plurality of second permanent magnets; the plurality of second permanent magnets extend along the length direction of the permanent magnetic suspension track respectively, and the plurality of second permanent magnets are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the permanent magnetic suspension track to form a Halbach array.
10. A magnetic levitation vehicle comprising a magnetic levitation mechanism as claimed in claim 8 or 9, the body of the magnetic levitation vehicle being connected to the on-board permanent magnet.
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| CN202111235956.6A CN113882197A (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2021-10-22 | Permanent magnet magnetic suspension track, magnetic suspension mechanism and magnetic suspension train |
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| CN202111235956.6A CN113882197A (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2021-10-22 | Permanent magnet magnetic suspension track, magnetic suspension mechanism and magnetic suspension train |
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Application publication date: 20220104 |