CN113881400A - Composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113881400A
CN113881400A CN202111141369.0A CN202111141369A CN113881400A CN 113881400 A CN113881400 A CN 113881400A CN 202111141369 A CN202111141369 A CN 202111141369A CN 113881400 A CN113881400 A CN 113881400A
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water
binder
dust suppressant
surfactant
solution
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石建军
王喆
李烨
陈恒东
吴俊杰
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
Institute of Environment Friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Sciece and Technology
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
Institute of Environment Friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Sciece and Technology
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B11/00—Preparation of cellulose ethers
    • C08B11/02—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers
    • C08B11/04—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C08B11/10—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals substituted with acid radicals
    • C08B11/12—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers with substituted hydrocarbon radicals substituted with acid radicals substituted with carboxylic radicals, e.g. carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]

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Abstract

The invention discloses a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant comprises a surfactant, a water-retaining agent, a binder and distilled water, wherein the surfactant increases the dust wetting capacity and is in contact with water to enable dust to be rapidly settled so as to achieve the dust suppression effect; the water-retaining agent can continuously absorb the moisture in the air after being sprayed on the surfaces of the dust particles, and the moisture of the dust is kept; the binder is sprayed on the surface of the flying dust to form a layer of soft film which wraps the flying dust and blocks the evaporation of water.

Description

Composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new materials and environmental protection, in particular to a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Among the many environmental pollution problems, dust pollution is a major problem, and dust pollution is mainly caused by mining, construction sites, road dust emission, coal storage and transportation, and the like. The problem of dust pollution is harming the health of people, so an effective dust treatment method is urgently needed to be solved.
At present, in order to solve the problem of dust pollution, sprinkling dust suppression, wind shielding dust suppression net dust suppression and chemical dust suppression agent dust suppression are generally adopted in China. Although the dust suppression effect can be achieved by sprinkling water, the dust suppression agent can only be used in areas with mild specific climate, the dust suppression period of water is short, and the cost of energy consumption and water resources is high due to the continuous sprinkling. The wind-shielding dust suppression net has the problems of high construction difficulty and high instrument cost.
The research on the chemical dust suppressant in recent years is very high, and the dust suppression mechanism of the chemical dust suppressant is mainly divided into a wetting type, a bonding type, an agglomeration type and a composite type. The composite dust suppressant has the excellent characteristics of the first three, and becomes a hotspot of researchers in recent years. However, most of the composite dust suppressant in the current market is difficult to degrade or has high cost, and is not suitable for being used in a large amount in mining sites and coal yards, so that the problem that the development of the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant is required to be solved in time at present is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof, which can achieve multi-effect dust suppression of a chemical dust suppressant, rapid settling of dust in air, secondary pollution of the chemical dust suppressant, and prolongation of dust suppression time of the dust suppressant.
In order to solve the technical problem, one technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a compound environmental protection dust suppressant, the dust suppressant is formed by surfactant active, water-retaining agent and agglomerant; the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, OP-10, OP-15, OP-20, T-60 and T-80; the water-retaining agent is one or two of sucrose, triethanolamine and glycerol; the binder is CMC-Na.
In order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution of the present invention is: the preparation method of the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the surfactant, the water-retaining agent and the binder according to a certain mass ratio;
s2, dissolving the binder in a certain amount of water, heating to 40 ℃, preserving heat and stirring for 1h to obtain a binder solution;
s3, dissolving a surfactant in a certain amount of water, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring for 15min to obtain a surfactant solution; or dissolving the water-retaining agent in a certain amount of water, heating to 70 ℃, and stirring for 1h to obtain a water-retaining agent solution;
s4, mixing the binder solution and the surfactant solution, adding the mixture into a water-retaining agent, and stirring at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant; or mixing the binder solution and the water-retaining agent solution, adding the mixture into the surfactant, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant.
Further, the mass ratio of the surfactant to the water retaining agent to the binder is 10-11: 10-15: 1-3.
Further, the mass fraction of the surfactant in the surfactant solution is 0.4-1.4 wt.%.
Further, the mass fraction of the water-retaining agent in the water-retaining agent solution is 1-7 wt.%.
Further, the degree of substitution of the binder is 0.4 to 1.2, and the mass fraction of the binder in the binder solution is 0.1 to 0.5 wt.%.
Further, the adhesive is prepared according to the following steps:
step 1, adding NaOH solution into rice straw biomass to perform multiple alkali dissolution reactions to extract cellulose;
step 2, bleaching the cellulose to obtain bleached cellulose;
and 3, preparing the binder from the bleached cellulose through etherification reaction.
Further, in the step 1, firstly, carrying out a first alkali dissolution reaction on the rice straw biomass to remove hemicellulose and ash, wherein the reaction temperature of the first alkali dissolution reaction is 70 ℃, the reaction time is 4 hours, and the concentration of a NaOH solution is 0.7 mol/L; and then carrying out a second alkali dissolution reaction to remove lignin, wherein the reaction temperature of the second alkali dissolution reaction is 55 ℃, the reaction time is 3h, and the concentration of the NaOH solution is 3mol/L to obtain the cellulose.
Further, in the step 2, 20g of cellulose is weighed, 650mL of distilled water, 10mL of glacial acetic acid and 6g of sodium chlorite are added, and the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature water bath at 75 ℃ to be heated and stirred for 1 hour; then adding 5mL of glacial acetic acid and 6g of sodium chlorite, continuously heating and stirring in a water bath at 75 ℃ for 1h, and repeating for three times to prepare the bleached cellulose.
Further, in step 3, 1g of bleached cellulose is weighed into an erlenmeyer flask, and NaOH solution and 25mL of organic solvent are added, wherein the ratio of NaOH: the mass ratio of the cellulose is 1:1, stirring in a water bath at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 1 hour, adding sodium chloroacetate, heating in a water bath kettle to 50 ℃, and reacting for 3 hours; after the reaction is finished, neutralizing with glacial acetic acid with the mass fraction of 90%, performing suction filtration, washing with an organic solvent with the mass fraction of 80%, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 65 ℃ to obtain the binder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the technical scheme, the dust suppression performance of the formula is represented by means of viscosity, water retention rate, dust settling rate and the like, and the influence of different surfactants, water retention agents and binders on the dust suppression effect of dust is investigated. The surfactant increases the wetting capacity of the raised dust, and the raised dust is contacted with water to quickly settle the raised dust so as to achieve the effect of dust suppression; the water-retaining agent can continuously absorb the moisture in the air after being sprayed on the surfaces of the dust particles, and the moisture of the dust is kept; the binder is sprayed on the surface of the flying dust to form a layer of soft film which wraps the flying dust and blocks the evaporation of water.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the dust settling rates of ionic surfactants in one example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the dust settling rates of nonionic surfactants in one embodiment of the present invention; a is the settling rate of the T series; b is the OP series settling rate.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the measurement of the water retention rate in the first embodiment of the present invention; a is the comparison of three water-retaining agents with water; and b is the water retention of triethanolamine with different mass fractions.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of mass percentage of CMC-Na having different degrees of substitution on viscosity in the first example of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of CMC-Na.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant comprises a surfactant, a water-retaining agent and a binder.
Wherein the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, OP-10, OP-15, OP-20, T-60 and T-80.
The water retention agent is one or two of sucrose, triethanolamine and glycerol.
The binder is CMC-Na, and the substitution degree is 0.4-1.2.
1. Screening of surfactants (sedimentation test):
surfactant solutions were formulated with mass fractions of 0.4 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, 1.0 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, 1.4 wt.%. Completely covering the filter paper on a metal ring, wherein a glass funnel with an outlet aligned with the filter paper is arranged above the metal ring, a beaker for containing a surfactant solution is arranged below the metal ring, and the outlet of the glass funnel is aligned with the center of the filter paper; weighing 0.5g of coal dust, pouring the coal dust into a glass funnel, and naturally dropping the coal dust on filter paper to form a coal dust cone; and moving the metal ring, dropping the coal dust cone, and starting timing when the surfactant solution in the beaker is contacted with the filter paper until the coal dust pile is completely soaked, namely the wetting time. 3 times of parallel tests are carried out, and the average value of the three times of parallel tests is taken as the result of the final sedimentation test (the error is less than or equal to 7 percent).
2. Screening of the water-retaining agent:
preparing a water-retaining agent solution with mass fractions of 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5wt.% and 7 wt.%. 20g of coal dust is weighed, spread in a petri dish with a diameter of 90mm, sprayed with 5mL of water-retaining agent solution uniformly, placed at room temperature and weighed at regular intervals until the weight is not changed substantially. The water retention rate is calculated by the following formula:
Figure RE-GDA0003348889970000031
wherein: wbThe water retention rate is; w0The mass of the coal dust and the culture dish; w1The mass of the culture dish after the water-retaining agent is sprayed; w2The mass after a certain time.
3. Screening of the binder:
CMC-Na with different degrees of substitution is prepared into CMC-Na solutions with the mass fractions of 0.1 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, 0.4 wt.% and 0.5wt.%, and the solution viscosity is measured by a DNJ-5S type viscosity meter at a constant temperature of 25 ℃, read and recorded, and three times of parallel experiments are carried out.
The degree of substitution and the pH of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) of different degrees of substitution, as shown in the following table,
numbering Degree of substitution pH value
1 0.40-0.45 7.5-8.5
2 0.45-0.55 7.5-8.5
3 0.60-0.75 6.5-8.5
4 0.65-0.75 6.5-8.5
5 0.90-0.95 6.5-8.5
6 0.90 6.5-8.5
7 >1.2 6.5-8.5
4. The raw materials are proportioned (mass ratio):
surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, OP-10, OP-15, OP-20, T-60, T-80) wherein one or more of the mass fractions ranges from 0.4 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, 1.0 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, 1.4 wt.%.
The mass fraction of one or two of the water retention agents (sucrose, triethanolamine, glycerol) is in the range of 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5wt.%, 7 wt.%.
The binder has a CMC-Na degree of substitution of 0.4-1.2 wherein one of the mass fractions ranges from 0.1 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, 0.4 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%.
Chemical reagents used for synthesis: sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate from Tianjin Body chemical corporation; OP-10, OP-15, OP-20, T-60 and T-80 are from the petroleum chemical plant of Haian in Jiangsu province; the sucrose and the triethanolamine are from chemical reagents of national drug group, Inc.; the glycerol is from Fuyu fine chemical industry Co., Ltd, Tianjin; CMC-Na (self-made) with different degrees of substitution.
The preparation method of the CMC-Na comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding NaOH solution into rice straw biomass to perform multiple alkali dissolution reactions to extract cellulose;
step 2, bleaching the cellulose to obtain bleached cellulose;
and 3, preparing CMC-Na from the bleached cellulose through etherification reaction.
In the step 1, firstly, carrying out a first alkali dissolution reaction on the rice straw biomass to remove hemicellulose and ash, wherein the reaction temperature of the first alkali dissolution reaction is 70 ℃, the reaction time is 4h, and the concentration of a NaOH solution is 0.7 mol/L; and then carrying out a second alkali dissolution reaction to remove lignin, wherein the reaction temperature of the second alkali dissolution reaction is 55 ℃, the reaction time is 3h, and the concentration of the NaOH solution is 3mol/L to obtain the cellulose.
In the step 2, 20g of cellulose is weighed, 650mL of distilled water, 10mL of glacial acetic acid and 6g of sodium chlorite are added, and the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature water bath at the temperature of 75 ℃ to be heated and stirred for 1 hour; then adding 5mL of glacial acetic acid and 6g of sodium chlorite, continuously heating and stirring in a water bath at 75 ℃ for 1h, and repeating for three times to prepare the bleached cellulose.
In step 3, 1g of bleached cellulose is weighed into a conical flask, and NaOH solution and 25mL of organic solvent are added, wherein the ratio of NaOH: the mass ratio of the cellulose is 1:1, stirring in a water bath at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 1 hour, adding sodium chloroacetate, heating in a water bath kettle to 50 ℃, and reacting for 3 hours; after the reaction is finished, neutralizing with glacial acetic acid with the mass fraction of 90%, performing suction filtration, washing with an organic solvent with the mass fraction of 80%, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 65 ℃ to obtain the CMC-Na.
The substitution degree of CMC-Na is adjusted by changing the etherification time, the etherification amount and the etherification temperature. The X-ray diffraction pattern of CMC-Na is shown in FIG. 5.
As shown in fig. 1, the dust settling rates of ionic surfactants are compared.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a comparison of the dust settling rates of nonionic surfactants; a is the settling rate of the T series; b is the OP series settling rate.
As shown in fig. 3, the water retention rate was measured; a is the comparison of three water-retaining agents with water; and b is the water retention of triethanolamine with different mass fractions.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of mass percentage of CMC-Na having different degrees of substitution on viscosity.
The CMC-Na in the following examples is prepared by the above CMC-Na preparation method.
Example two
A preparation method of a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing a surfactant, a water-retaining agent and an adhesive according to the mass ratio of 11:10:2, wherein the surfactant is OP-10, the water-retaining agent is triethanolamine, and the adhesive is CMC-Na with the degree of substitution of 0.9;
s2, dissolving CMC-Na in a certain amount of water, heating to 40 ℃, preserving heat and stirring for 1h to obtain a CMC-Na solution;
s3, dissolving OP-10 in a certain amount of water, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring for 15min to obtain an OP-10 solution;
and S4, mixing the CMC-Na solution and the OP-10 solution, adding the mixture into triethanolamine, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
The viscosity of the obtained compound environment-friendly dust suppressant is 232.5mPa & s, the dust settling rate is 1.88mg/s, and the water retention rate is 21.43%. Meets the TB/T3210.1 dust suppressant index.
EXAMPLE III
A preparation method of a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing a surfactant, a water-retaining agent and an adhesive according to the mass ratio of 10:10:3, wherein the surfactant is OP-10, the water-retaining agent is triethanolamine, and the adhesive is CMC-Na with the degree of substitution of 0.9;
s2, dissolving CMC-Na in a certain amount of water, heating to 40 ℃, preserving heat and stirring for 1h to obtain a CMC-Na solution;
s3, dissolving OP-10 in a certain amount of water, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring for 15min to obtain an OP-10 solution;
and S4, mixing the CMC-Na solution and the OP-10 solution, adding the mixture into triethanolamine, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the compound environment-friendly dust suppressant.
The obtained compound environment-friendly dust suppressant has 120mPa & s, dust settling rate of 1.46mg/s and water retention rate of 19.88 percent. Meets the TB/T3210.1 dust suppressant index.
Example four
A preparation method of a composite environment-friendly dust suppressant comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing a surfactant, a water-retaining agent and an adhesive according to the mass ratio of 10:15:1, wherein the surfactant is OP-10, the water-retaining agent is triethanolamine, and the adhesive is CMC-Na with the degree of substitution of 0.9;
s2, dissolving CMC-Na in a certain amount of water, heating to 40 ℃, preserving heat and stirring for 1h to obtain a CMC-Na solution;
s3, dissolving triethanolamine in a certain amount of water, heating to 70 ℃, and stirring for 1h to obtain a triethanolamine solution;
s4, mixing the CMC-Na solution with the triethanolamine solution, adding the mixture into OP-10, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant.
The obtained compound environment-friendly dust suppressant has viscosity of 57 Pa.s, dust settling rate of 12.73mg/s and water retention rate of 20.88 percent. Meets the TB/T3210.1 dust suppressant index. The wind erosion rate tested by the wind erosion test is 1.54 percent, which is superior to the dust suppressant of the same kind.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A compound environment-friendly dust suppressant is characterized in that: the dust suppressant comprises a surfactant, a water retention agent and a binder; the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, OP-10, OP-15, OP-20, T-60 and T-80; the water-retaining agent is one or two of sucrose, triethanolamine and glycerol; the binder is CMC-Na.
2. A preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, weighing the surfactant, the water-retaining agent and the binder according to a certain mass ratio;
s2, dissolving the binder in a certain amount of water, heating to 40 ℃, preserving heat and stirring for 1h to obtain a binder solution;
s3, dissolving a surfactant in a certain amount of water, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring for 15min to obtain a surfactant solution; or dissolving the water-retaining agent in a certain amount of water, heating to 70 ℃, and stirring for 1h to obtain a water-retaining agent solution;
s4, mixing the binder solution and the surfactant solution, adding the mixture into a water-retaining agent, and stirring at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant; or mixing the binder solution and the water-retaining agent solution, adding the mixture into the surfactant, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain the composite environment-friendly dust suppressant.
3. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the surfactant to the water-retaining agent to the binder is 10-11: 10-15: 1-3.
4. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that: the mass fraction of surfactant in the surfactant solution is 0.4-1.4 wt.%.
5. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that: the mass fraction of the water-retaining agent in the water-retaining agent solution is 1-7 wt.%.
6. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that: the degree of substitution of the binder is 0.4-1.2, and the mass fraction of the binder in the binder solution is 0.1-0.5 wt.%.
7. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that: the adhesive is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, adding NaOH solution into rice straw biomass to perform multiple alkali dissolution reactions to extract cellulose;
step 2, bleaching the cellulose to obtain bleached cellulose;
and 3, preparing the binder from the bleached cellulose through etherification reaction.
8. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 1, firstly, carrying out a first alkali dissolution reaction on the rice straw biomass to remove hemicellulose and ash, wherein the reaction temperature of the first alkali dissolution reaction is 70 ℃, the reaction time is 4h, and the concentration of a NaOH solution is 0.7 mol/L; and then carrying out a second alkali dissolution reaction to remove lignin, wherein the reaction temperature of the second alkali dissolution reaction is 55 ℃, the reaction time is 3h, and the concentration of the NaOH solution is 3mol/L to obtain the cellulose.
9. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 2, 20g of cellulose is weighed, 650mL of distilled water, 10mL of glacial acetic acid and 6g of sodium chlorite are added, and the mixture is placed in a constant-temperature water bath at 75 ℃ to be heated and stirred for 1 h; then adding 5mL of glacial acetic acid and 6g of sodium chlorite, continuously heating and stirring in a water bath at 75 ℃ for 1h, and repeating for three times to prepare the bleached cellulose.
10. The preparation method of the compound type environment-friendly dust suppressant according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step 3, 1g of bleached cellulose is weighed into a conical flask, and NaOH solution and 25mL of organic solvent are added, wherein the ratio of NaOH: the mass ratio of the cellulose is 1:1, stirring in a water bath at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 1 hour, adding sodium chloroacetate, heating in a water bath kettle to 50 ℃, and reacting for 3 hours; after the reaction is finished, neutralizing with glacial acetic acid with the mass fraction of 90%, performing suction filtration, washing with an organic solvent with the mass fraction of 80%, and finally drying in a vacuum drying oven at 65 ℃ to obtain the binder.
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