CN113881258A - Aluminum alloy heat-insulation and scouring-resistant composite coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy heat-insulation and scouring-resistant composite coating and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113881258A
CN113881258A CN202111330594.9A CN202111330594A CN113881258A CN 113881258 A CN113881258 A CN 113881258A CN 202111330594 A CN202111330594 A CN 202111330594A CN 113881258 A CN113881258 A CN 113881258A
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aluminum alloy
composite coating
ceramic layer
scouring
layer
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CN113881258B (en
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李忠盛
李立
吴护林
张昭林
杨九州
黄安畏
丛大龙
付扬帆
陈汉宾
张敏
詹青青
周少兰
唐晶晶
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No 59 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industry
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives

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Abstract

The utility model provides an aluminum alloy barrel body thermal-insulated resistant scouring composite coating, composite coating outwards includes thermal-insulated ceramic layer and closed resin layer from aluminum alloy substrate surface in proper order, thermal-insulated ceramic layer is Al2O3The ceramic layer and the sealing resin layer are made of polyester resin, polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al2O3Ceramic powder, curing agent and diluent. The composite coating prepared by the invention has good bonding force between the ceramic layer and the sealing resin layer, excellent heat-insulating property and high-temperature and high-pressure gas scouring resistance, and the elongation of the sealing layer reaches 30More than 0 percent and tensile strength of more than 22MPa, the aluminum alloy cylinder body of the composite coating prepared by the method has excellent ablation resistance under instantaneous high-temperature and high-pressure gas flushing of more than 400MPa and more than 2000K, and the high-speed gas flushing coating does not crack, damage, fall off and the like.

Description

Aluminum alloy heat-insulation and scouring-resistant composite coating and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anti-ablation protection of aluminum alloy, in particular to an aluminum alloy heat-insulating and scouring-resistant composite coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The traditional ammunition adopts copper or steel cartridge cases, the density of copper and steel is high, the weight of the whole ammunition is large, and the ammunition of soldiers and weaponry is heavier. The aluminum alloy has small density and high specific strength, and the shell/cartridge is made of the aluminum alloy instead of copper and steel, so that the weight of the ammunition can be greatly reduced. However, when ammunition is fired, the aluminum alloy cartridge case/cartridge case needs to bear high-temperature and high-pressure gas scouring generated after internal gunpowder explosion, the melting point of aluminum alloy is low, and the thin-wall cylinder body has small heat capacity, so that the problems of burning and melting, burning-through and the like easily occur, and a coating needs to be adopted for anti-burning protection.
The instantaneous temperature of fuel gas generated after gunpowder in the barrel explodes can reach 2000K, the impact pressure reaches more than 400MPa, and the traditional anti-ablation coating is eroded, fallen and failed due to insufficient binding force under the scouring of the instantaneous high-temperature and high-pressure gunpowder fuel gas; secondly, when the barrel body is deformed at a high strain rate due to the extremely high energy generated by gunpowder explosion, the resin layer is cracked, damaged and even falls off from the barrel body to cause protection failure, and finally, the thicker the ablation-resistant protective coating, the better the ablation-resistant performance is, but when the ablation-resistant protective coating is applied to the shell of the thin-wall small-caliber closed-up barrel body structure, the thinner the ablation-resistant coating is, the better the ablation-resistant coating is, but the thinner the ablation-resistant coating is, the uncontrollable the compactness is, the poorer the mechanical properties (tensile strength, toughness, tear strength and the like) are, and the ablation-resistant performance is also greatly reduced, which is also a bottleneck problem in the field. Therefore, how to solve the technical problems in the process of preparing the anti-ablation coating of the aluminum alloy cartridge case cylinder body has great significance in preparing a coating structure which has excellent anti-ablation performance under high-temperature and high-pressure gas flushing, and is thin, and excellent in compactness and mechanical property.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating. The composite coating has good heat insulation performance and strong scouring resistance, can resist high-temperature and high-pressure gas scouring of more than 2000K and 400MPa without producing melting and burnthrough, has excellent binding force with a matrix, and does not fall off.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the heat-insulating and scouring-resistant composite coating of the aluminum alloy cylinder.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an aluminum alloy barrel body thermal-insulated resistant scouring composite coating which characterized in that: the composite coating comprises a heat-insulating ceramic layer and a sealing resin layer from the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate to the outside in sequence, wherein the heat-insulating ceramic layer is Al2O3The ceramic layer and the sealing resin layer are made of polyester resin, polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al2O3Ceramic powder, curing agent and diluent.
Further, the curing agent is aliphatic isocyanate, and the diluent is formed by mixing ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and xylene according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-2: 1.
Further, Al mentioned above2O3The thickness of the ceramic layer is 10-60 μm, and the thickness of the sealing resin layer is 10-200 μm.
Further, the sealing resin layer comprises, by mass, 200-300 parts of polyester resin, 50-150 parts of polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al2O310-100 parts of ceramic powder, 100-300 parts of diluent and 200-400 parts of curing agent.
The preparation method of the heat-insulating and scouring-resistant composite coating of the aluminum alloy cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps of: is to prepare Al on the surface of the aluminum alloy2O3A ceramic layer, which is subjected to pore-increasing treatment to form Al2O3A porous ceramic layer made of polyester resin, polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al2O3Spraying mixed resin liquid consisting of ceramic powder, curing agent and diluent on Al2O3And (3) carrying out vacuum infiltration treatment and heating curing on the surface of the porous ceramic layer.
Adding nano Al into the mixed resin2O3The ceramic powder is used as a heat-insulating flame-retardant component and has a reinforcing effect. But the nano Al is caused by the properties of the nano material2O3The ceramic powder is easy to agglomerate, and in a resin system, the viscosity of the resin is too high, so that the nano Al is caused2O3The ceramic powder is difficult to disperse in the system, the agglomeration phenomenon is more obvious, and the heat insulation, flame retardation and reinforcing effects are difficult to play, so that the agglomerated nano Al is difficult to be sprayed on the sealing resin layer when the sealing resin layer is thinner2O3The ceramic powder causes the reduction of the sealing performance of the resin layer, the damage of the mechanical property and the reduction of the ablation resistance.
The invention adopts the polyester resin with large property difference and the polyaspartic acid ester resin for mixing, and under the action of the diluent consisting of the glycol ethyl ether acetate with low volatilization rate and the dimethylbenzene with high volatilization rate, the viscosity and the elasticity of the mixed resin liquid are adjusted, so that the mixed resin liquid has excellent sealing property when being used as a sealing layer, and simultaneously, the mixed resin liquid has excellent sealing propertyThe addition of the diluent also reduces the nano Al under the appropriate viscosity in the mixed resin liquid2O3The surface energy of the ceramic powder is quickly permeated into Al in the mixed resin liquid by applying an electrostatic field in the vacuum permeation process2O3In the process of the porous ceramic layer, Al is generated under the action of electrostatic field2O3Nano Al with porous ceramic layer promoting low surface energy2O3Ceramic powder is uniformly dispersed in Al2O3Nano Al is inhibited on the surface and in the pore channels of the ceramic layer2O3Agglomeration of ceramic powder to make nano Al2O3The ceramic powder is mainly Al2O3Near the interface between the porous ceramic layer and the sealing resin layer, between the sealing resin layer and Al2O3Uniform buffer transition component is formed between the interfaces of the porous ceramic layer, and a sealing resin layer and Al are added2O3Bonding stability between porous ceramic layers.
Further, Al is prepared as described above2O3The ceramic layer is formed by a micro-arc oxidation process, and the positive current density of the ceramic layer is 2-8A/dm2Negative current density of 1 to 4A/dm2The frequency is 300-800 Hz, the duty ratio is 10% -30%, and the time is 30-120 min.
Further, the positive current density of the pore-increasing treatment is 6 to 10A/dm2The negative current density is 1 to 5A/dm2The frequency is 10-100 Hz, the duty ratio is 20-30%, the treatment time is 5-30 min, and Al is added under the action of a high-voltage electric field2O3Micro-arc discharge is formed on the ceramic layer, single pulse energy is improved, and Al is increased2O3And forming a new pore channel by the discharge channel on the surface of the ceramic layer, expanding the original pore channel on the surface of the ceramic layer, forming a large number of micro-pore structures with different diameters of 5-20 microns on the surface of the ceramic, increasing the number of micro-pores, the pore size distribution and the porosity of the micro-pores on the surface of the ceramic layer, and providing a channel for the permeation of the mixed resin liquid.
The positive current is an operating current when the power supply voltage of the load is a positive power supply, and the negative current is an operating current when the power supply voltage of the load is a negative power supply.
Further, the spraying pressure of the spraying is 0.2-0.6 MPa, the rotation speed of the workpiece is 100-500 r/min, the moving speed of the spray gun is 2-10 mm/s, and the spraying times are 1-20 times.
Further, the vacuum infiltration is to place the aluminum alloy material sprayed with the mixed resin liquid in a vacuum environment, keep the vacuum degree at 0.01-10 Pa, heat the aluminum alloy material to 50-60 ℃ under an external electrostatic field, keep the aluminum alloy material for 5-10 min, and enable the electrostatic current of the electrostatic field to be 5-30 muA. The environment promotes the mixed resin liquid to rapidly infiltrate into the porous surfaces of the ceramic layer with different pore size distributions, and the mixed resin liquid and the Al2O3The ceramic layers are mutually embedded and integrated, and promote Al in the mixed resin liquid under the action of an electrostatic field2O3Ceramic powder is uniformly dispersed in Al2O3A buffer transition of the composition is formed near the interface of the ceramic layer.
Further, the heating curing is carried out by raising the temperature to 80-120 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of not higher than 2 ℃/min and keeping the temperature for 30-120 min.
Most specifically, the preparation method of the heat-insulating and scouring-resistant composite coating of the aluminum alloy cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing Al2O3Porous ceramic layer
(1) The electrical parameter for preparing the ceramic layer is positive current density of 2-8A/dm2Negative current density of 1 to 4A/dm2The frequency is 300-800 Hz, the duty ratio is 10% -30%, and the time is 30-120 min, so that the generated Al2O3The thickness of the ceramic layer is 10-60 mu m;
(2) applying positive current density of 6-10A/dm to the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 12Negative current density of 1 to 5A/dm2The frequency is 10-100 Hz, the duty ratio is 20-30%, and the processing time is 5-30 min;
step 2, preparing a sealing resin layer
(1) According to the mass components, 200-300 parts of polyester resin, 50-150 parts of polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al are adopted2O310-100 parts of ceramic powder, 200-400 parts of aliphatic isocyanate and 100-300 parts of diluent consisting of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and dimethylbenzene in a mass ratio of 1: 2-2: 1Preparing mixed resin liquid;
(2) cleaning the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 1, and spraying the mixed resin liquid on Al2O3Spraying pressure on the surface of the porous ceramic layer is 0.2-0.6 MPa, the rotation speed of a workpiece is 100-500 r/min, the moving speed of a spray gun is 2-10 mm/s, the spraying frequency is 1-20 times, and the spraying thickness is 10-200 mu m;
(3) heating the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step (2) to 50-60 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 0.01-10 Pa, and preserving heat for 5-10 min; and then heating to 80-120 ℃ at a speed of not higher than 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-120 min, and then naturally cooling in a normal-temperature environment.
The invention adopts polyester resin and polyaspartic acid ester resin with large property difference to mix, under the action of diluent composed of glycol ethyl ether acetate with low volatilization rate and dimethylbenzene with high volatilization rate, the viscosity and elasticity of mixed resin liquid are adjusted, the prepared sealing resin layer has proper elongation and tensile strength, and the sealing resin layer formed by curing is subjected to vacuum infiltration treatment on the surface of the ceramic layer after the pore increasing treatment, so that the sealing resin layer and Al are combined to form the sealing resin layer2O3The layers are integrated, the structure is stable, the composite coating has excellent compactness even in a thin state, the ablation resistance of the composite coating in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment is obviously improved, and the composite coating is prevented from cracking and falling off when the energy which is instantaneously exploded in the aluminum alloy closing barrel is generated and the deformation at a high strain rate is generated.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the composite coating prepared by the invention has high flatness, good bonding force between the ceramic layer and the sealing resin layer, excellent heat insulation performance and high-temperature and high-pressure gas scouring resistance, the aluminum alloy cylinder body of the composite coating prepared by the method of the invention has the bearing pressure of more than 400MPa, the coating has excellent ablation resistance under instantaneous high-temperature high-pressure gas flushing of more than 400MPa and more than 2000K, the high-speed gas flushing coating does not crack, damage, fall off and the like, the tensile strength of the sealing layer reaches more than 22MPa, the elongation reaches more than 300 percent, the coating can resist the energy instantaneously exploded in the aluminum alloy closing cylinder and does not crack or fall off when deforming at high strain rate, and can resist the erosion of high-temperature and high-pressure gas instantaneously generated when ammunition in the cartridge case or the cartridge case explodes, the thickness of the prepared composite coating is as small as 20 mu m, and the performance of the ammunition in the cartridge body is effectively ensured not to be influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1: al prepared by the micro-arc oxidation process of the invention2O3Surface topography of the ceramic layer.
FIG. 2: al after the hole increasing treatment of the invention2O3Surface topography of the ceramic layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
Example 1
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulation scouring-resistant composite coating comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing Al2O3Porous ceramic layer
(1) Connecting the 7475 aluminum alloy cylinder material with the power supply anode of micro-arc oxidation equipment, then immersing the cylinder material in electrolyte consisting of 18g/L sodium phosphate, 10g/L sodium tetraborate and 5g/L sodium metavanadate, and setting the preparation electrical parameter as positive current density of 2A/dm2Negative current density 1A/dm2Frequency 300Hz, duty ratio 10 percent and time 120 min;
(2) applying positive current density of 6A/dm to the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 12Negative current density 1A/dm2Frequency is 10Hz, duty ratio is 30 percent, and processing time is 30 min;
step 2, preparing a sealing resin layer
(1) According to the mass components, 200 parts of polyester resin, 150 parts of polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al are adopted2O3100 parts of ceramic powder and 300 parts of aliphatic isocyanate100 parts of diluent consisting of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and xylene in a mass ratio of 1:2 are mixed to form mixed resin liquid;
(2) cleaning the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 1, and spraying the mixed resin liquid on Al2O3Spraying pressure on the surface of the porous ceramic layer is 0.6MPa, the autorotation speed of the workpiece is 100r/min, the moving speed of a spray gun is 2mm/s, the spraying times are 20 times, and the spraying thickness is 200 mu m;
(3) heating the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step (2) to 50 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 5Pa, and preserving heat for 10 min; then heating to 120 ℃ at the speed of not higher than 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 120min, and then naturally cooling in a normal temperature environment, wherein the total thickness of the composite coating is 260 mu m.
The aluminum alloy cylinder body with the heat-insulating and scouring-resistant composite coating prepared by the embodiment has excellent binding force between the coatings under the high-temperature gas flushing of more than 2000K, the coatings do not have the phenomena of cracking, falling and the like, and the aluminum alloy cylinder body has excellent ablation resistance under the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flushing. The elongation of the sealing resin layer reaches more than 180 percent, the tensile strength of the sealing layer is more than 22MPa, and the temperature resistance of the composite coating is more than or equal to 2000K.
Example 2
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulation scouring-resistant composite coating comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing Al2O3Porous ceramic layer
(1) Connecting a 7A04 aluminum alloy cylinder material with a power supply anode of micro-arc oxidation equipment, then immersing the cylinder material in an electrolyte consisting of 18g/L sodium phosphate, 10g/L sodium tetraborate and 5g/L sodium metavanadate, and setting a preparation electrical parameter to be 8A/dm of positive current density2Negative current density 4A/dm2Frequency is 800Hz, duty ratio is 20 percent, and time is 30 min;
(2) applying positive current density of 10A/dm to the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 12Negative current density of 5A/dm2The frequency is 100Hz, the duty ratio is 20 percent, and the processing time is 5 min;
step 2, preparing a sealing resin layer
(1) 300 parts of polyester resin,50 parts of polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al2O310 parts of ceramic powder, 400 parts of aliphatic isocyanate and 300 parts of diluent consisting of glycol ether acetate and dimethylbenzene according to the mass ratio of 2:1 are mixed to form mixed resin liquid;
(2) cleaning the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 1, and spraying the mixed resin liquid on Al2O3Spraying pressure on the surface of the porous ceramic layer is 0.2MPa, the autorotation speed of a workpiece is 500r/min, the moving speed of a spray gun is 10mm/s, the spraying times are 1 time, and the spraying thickness is 10 microns;
(3) at 1X 10-1Heating the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step (2) to 60 ℃ under the vacuum degree of Pa, and preserving heat for 8 min; heating to 80 ℃ at the speed of not higher than 2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30min, and then naturally cooling in a normal temperature environment, wherein the total thickness of the composite coating is 30 mu m.
The aluminum alloy cylinder body with the heat-insulating and scouring-resistant composite coating prepared by the embodiment has excellent binding force between the coatings under the high-temperature gas flushing of more than 2000K, the coatings do not have the phenomena of cracking, falling and the like, and the aluminum alloy cylinder body has excellent ablation resistance under the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flushing. The elongation of the sealing resin layer reaches more than 300%, the tensile strength of the sealing layer is more than 18MPa, and the temperature resistance of the composite coating is more than or equal to 1600K.
Example 3
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulation scouring-resistant composite coating comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing Al2O3Porous ceramic layer
(1) Connecting the 2A12 aluminum alloy cylinder material with the power supply anode of micro-arc oxidation equipment, then immersing the cylinder material in an electrolyte consisting of 18g/L sodium phosphate, 10g/L sodium tetraborate and 5g/L sodium metavanadate, and setting the preparation electrical parameter to be that the positive current density is 4A/dm2Negative current density 2A/dm2Frequency 500Hz, duty ratio 30 percent and time 20 min;
(2) applying a positive current density of 8A/dm to the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step (1)2Negative current density 4A/dm2Frequency of 40Hz, duty ratio of 20 percent and processing time of 15 min;
step 2, preparing a sealing resin layer
(1) According to the mass components, 250 parts of polyester resin, 100 parts of polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al are adopted2O350 parts of ceramic powder, 250 parts of aliphatic isocyanate and 200 parts of diluent consisting of glycol ether acetate and dimethylbenzene according to the mass ratio of 1:1 are mixed to form mixed resin liquid;
(2) cleaning the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 1, and spraying the mixed resin liquid on Al2O3Spraying pressure on the surface of the porous ceramic layer is 0.4MPa, the autorotation speed of a workpiece is 300r/min, the moving speed of a spray gun is 5mm/s, the spraying times are 10 times, and the spraying thickness is 50 micrometers;
(3) at 2X 10-1And (3) heating the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step (2) to 55 ℃ under the vacuum degree of Pa, preserving heat for 5min, then heating to 110 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, and then naturally cooling in a normal-temperature environment, wherein the total thickness of the composite coating is 70 microns. The elongation of the sealing resin layer reaches over 240 percent, the tensile strength of the sealing layer is more than 20MPa, and the temperature resistance of the composite coating is more than or equal to 1800K.
Comparative example 1
Different from the embodiment 3, the proposal of the comparative example 1 does not carry out the hole increasing treatment, and prepares Al on the inner surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder body by micro-arc oxidation2O3After the ceramic layer was formed, the mixed resin solution was directly sprayed, and then directly cured by heating without vacuum infiltration, which was the same as in example 3.
Due to Al2O3The ceramic layer has less surface pore structure and smaller pore diameter, and the subsequent sealing resin layer is not subjected to vacuum infiltration treatment after spraying, so that the resin is only in Al2O3Depositing and solidifying the ceramic layer surface, sealing the resin layer and Al2O3The bonding force between the ceramic layers is not strong, the anti-ablation protective effect can be exerted under the environment of lower temperature of dozens of MPa and hundreds of ℃, but in the process that the cylinder body is subjected to instantaneous high-temperature gas scouring generated by gunpowder explosion, the sealing resin layer is formed from Al2O3The ceramic layer surface is peeled off, resulting in coating failure.
Comparative example 2
Unlike example 3, the scheme of comparative example 2 is the same as example 3 except that no electrostatic field is applied during the vacuum infiltration treatment.
The composite coating prepared in comparative example 2 also shows that the sealing resin layer is formed from Al in the instantaneous high-temperature gas scouring process generated by gunpowder explosion of the barrel body2O3The ceramic layer surface is peeled off.
Comparative example 3
Unlike example 3, the embodiment of comparative example 3 uses methyl silicone resin and epoxy resin instead of polyester resin and polyaspartate resin in the mixed resin formulation, and the remaining steps are consistent with example 3.
The respective performance profiles of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
Table 1:
high temperature resistance Bearing pressure Elongation of the sealing layer Tensile strength of the sealing layer
Example 1 ≥2000K ≥400MPa ≥180％ ≥22MPa
Example 2 ≥1600K ≥400MPa ≥300％ ≥18MPa
Example 3 ≥1800K ≥400MPa ≥240％ ≥20MPa
Comparative example 1 ＜800K ≤100MPa ≥240％ ≥20MPa
Comparative example 2 ＜1200K ≤200MPa ≥240％ ≥20MPa
Comparative example 3 ≥1500K ≤100MPa ≥30％ ≥18MPa
As can be seen, the mixed resin of the polyester resin and the polyaspartic ester resin of the present invention is formed by Al2O3After the surface of the ceramic layer is subjected to pore increasing treatment, the ceramic layer is subjected to vacuum infiltration treatment to enable the ceramic layer to be coated with Al2O3Ceramic layer surfaceThe surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder is provided with a compact sealing layer, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure ablation resistance of the composite coating is improved, the sealing layer has excellent tensile strength and elongation, and the aluminum alloy cylinder can effectively resist the energy instantaneously exploded in the aluminum alloy cylinder and cannot crack or fall off when deforming at a high strain rate.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an aluminum alloy barrel body thermal-insulated resistant scouring composite coating which characterized in that: the composite coating comprises a heat-insulating ceramic layer and a sealing resin layer from the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate to the outside in sequence, wherein the heat-insulating ceramic layer is Al2O3The ceramic layer and the sealing resin layer are made of polyester resin, polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al2O3Ceramic powder, curing agent and diluent.
2. The aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the Al is2O3The thickness of the ceramic layer is 10-60 μm, and the thickness of the sealing resin layer is 10-200 μm.
3. The aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the curing agent is aliphatic isocyanate, and the diluent is formed by mixing ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and xylene according to the mass ratio of 1: 2-2: 1.
4. The aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the sealing resin layer comprises, by mass, 200-300 parts of polyester resin, 50-150 parts of polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al2O310-100 parts of ceramic powder, 100-300 parts of diluent and 200-400 parts of curing agent.
5. The aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: is to prepare Al on the surface of the aluminum alloy2O3A ceramic layer, which is subjected to pore-increasing treatment to form Al2O3A porous ceramic layer made of polyester resin or polymerAspartic acid ester resin and nano Al2O3Spraying mixed resin liquid consisting of ceramic powder, curing agent and diluent on Al2O3And (3) carrying out vacuum infiltration treatment and heating curing on the surface of the porous ceramic layer.
6. The aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the preparation of Al2O3The ceramic layer is formed by a micro-arc oxidation process, and the positive current density of the ceramic layer is 2-8A/dm2Negative current density of 1 to 4A/dm2The frequency is 300-800 Hz, the duty ratio is 10% -30%, and the time is 30-120 min.
7. The aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein: the positive current density of the pore-increasing treatment is 6-10A/dm2The negative current density is 1 to 5A/dm2The frequency is 10-100 Hz, the duty ratio is 20-30%, and the processing time is 5-30 min.
8. The aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein: and in the vacuum infiltration step, the aluminum alloy material sprayed with the mixed resin liquid is placed in a vacuum environment, the vacuum degree is kept at 0.01-10 Pa, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃ under an external electrostatic field, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, and the electrostatic current of the electrostatic field is 5-30 muA.
9. The aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulating scouring-resistant composite coating as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the heating and curing are carried out at a temperature rise rate of not higher than 2 ℃/min until the temperature rises to 80-120 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30-120 min.
10. A preparation method of an aluminum alloy cylinder heat-insulation scouring-resistant composite coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing Al2O3Porous ceramic layer
(1) The electrical parameter for preparing the ceramic layer is positive current density of 2 to8A/dm2Negative current density of 1 to 4A/dm2The frequency is 300-800 Hz, the duty ratio is 10% -30%, and the time is 30-120 min, so that the generated Al2O3The thickness of the ceramic layer is 10-60 mu m;
(2) applying positive current density of 6-10A/dm to the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 12Negative current density of 1 to 5A/dm2The frequency is 10-100 Hz, the duty ratio is 20-30%, and the processing time is 5-30 min;
step 2, preparing a sealing resin layer
(1) According to the mass components, 200-300 parts of polyester resin, 50-150 parts of polyaspartic acid ester resin and nano Al are adopted2O310-100 parts of ceramic powder, 200-400 parts of aliphatic isocyanate and 100-300 parts of diluent consisting of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and xylene in a mass ratio of 1: 2-2: 1 are mixed to form mixed resin liquid;
(2) cleaning the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step 1, and spraying the mixed resin liquid on Al2O3Spraying the porous ceramic layer with the thickness of 10-200 μm;
(3) heating the aluminum alloy matrix treated in the step (2) to 50-60 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 0.01-10 Pa, and preserving heat for 5-10 min; and then heating to 80-120 ℃ at a speed of not higher than 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30-120 min, and then naturally cooling in a normal-temperature environment.
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