CN113880420A - Preparation method of large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on 3D printing adaptive sleeve - Google Patents
Preparation method of large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on 3D printing adaptive sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- CN113880420A CN113880420A CN202111200712.4A CN202111200712A CN113880420A CN 113880420 A CN113880420 A CN 113880420A CN 202111200712 A CN202111200712 A CN 202111200712A CN 113880420 A CN113880420 A CN 113880420A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
- C03B37/01222—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of multiple core optical fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/06—Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction
- C03B19/066—Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction for the production of quartz or fused silica articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01225—Means for changing or stabilising the shape, e.g. diameter, of tubes or rods in general, e.g. collapsing
- C03B37/01251—Reshaping the ends
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber perform rod based on a 3D printing adapter sleeve, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: arranging the multi-core optical fiber perform rod according to the sizes of the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod and the outer sleeve, determining the shape of the special-shaped clearance except the components, then printing the matched special-shaped quartz sleeve layer by adopting a method of laser melting high-purity quartz powder, then inserting the core rod and the pure quartz auxiliary rod into the special-shaped quartz sleeve, and then sleeving the outer sleeve to form the micro-clearance matched multi-core optical fiber perform rod. The invention also relates to a 3D printing device for preparing the large-size multi-core optical fiber perform adaptive sleeve, which can be used for printing and preparing the special-shaped adaptive sleeve of the large-size high-precision multi-core optical fiber perform. The method can be used for preparing the large-size multi-core optical fiber preform, and the preparation precision of the multi-core optical fiber and the consistency of the optical fiber are improved by matching the special-shaped sleeve with the core rod with high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on a 3D printing adaptive sleeve, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber preparation.
Background
The rapid development of internet +, big data, cloud computing and 5G enables the demand of users on bandwidth to increase day by day, and multiplexing technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and polarization multiplexing enable the transmission capacity of a single-core single-mode fiber to be close to the Shannon limit of 100Tbit/s, so that how to expand capacity is a key problem to be solved urgently in communication transmission. A space division multiplexing scheme based on multi-core, few-mode fibers is an important way to solve this problem. The space division multiplexing has two main technical schemes, one is a mode division multiplexing technology, the other is a multi-core optical fiber technology, the mode division multiplexing technology can be combined with the multi-core optical fiber, and the multi-core less-mode optical fiber is designed and prepared to break through the problem of communication capacity limit. In the aspect of practical production, the core of the manufacturing technology of the multi-core optical fiber lies in the manufacturing technology of an optical fiber preform, compared with the manufacturing technology of foreign optical fiber, the development of the multi-core optical fiber technology in China is slow, and although some large optical fiber manufacturers can prepare the multi-core optical fiber sample fiber in China, the quality is not satisfactory and cannot reach the first-class international level. Especially, in order to realize high-quality and mass production of the multicore optical fiber, a large-size multicore optical fiber preform production technology is indispensable.
At present, the preparation methods of the mainstream multi-core optical fiber preform at home and abroad mainly comprise the following steps:
(1) the rod combination method comprises the following steps: preparing a plurality of core rods, taking a large-diameter quartz circular sleeve, densely arranging the core rods in the quartz sleeve according to a proper shape, inserting a plurality of filling quartz rods with proper sizes into gaps of the combined prefabricated rod, and vacuumizing and shrinking the rod at high temperature to form the multi-core optical fiber prefabricated rod. Because all parts of the assembly parts adopted by the rod assembly are round rods or round tubes, when the rod assembly is carried out, large special-shaped gaps between the sleeve and the prefabricated rod cannot be filled, and although the gaps disappear by a vacuum collapse method, the problems of geometric dimension change of the prefabricated rod, relative position change of a fiber core, bubble defect and the like can be caused, and the multi-core optical fiber with high quality and good consistency can not be prepared by a method.
(2) A punching and rod inserting method: the method comprises the steps of drilling holes on a quartz mother rod by adopting a mechanical grinding method, preparing a plurality of holes needed by a core rod, then inserting the core rods one by one, and shrinking the rods at high temperature to form a multi-core optical fiber prefabricated rod. The difficulty of this manufacturing method is that it is difficult to precisely manufacture a plurality of through holes for a large-sized quartz mother rod, for example, a quartz rod having a diameter of more than 200mm and a length of 1.5m, and to ensure that the holes are not deviated in the axial direction by using a punching technique. Therefore, the method for fabricating a multi-core optical fiber preform for large size is not suitable.
(3) Splicing method: for example, JP2020125226A patent discloses a rod assembling method, which is a method for forming a multi-core optical fiber preform by performing simple cold glass processing on core rods, grinding arc surfaces into flat surfaces, fitting the core rods to each other, reducing rod assembling gaps caused by the arc surfaces of the rod bodies, and finally using a quartz sleeve to form the multi-core optical fiber preform.
(4) A quartz powder filling rod combination method: for example, in japanese patent JPH095542A, a rod-assembling method is proposed to fix the relative positions of a core rod and a sleeve, then a gap between the core rod and the sleeve is filled with fine pure silica powder, and the rod is shrunk at a high temperature under a negative pressure to melt the silica powder and fill the gap between the core rod and the sleeve. And for large preforms, it is often difficult to completely melt the silica soot filling the gap, which tends to leave bubbles in the finished preform, causing serious defects.
(5)3D printing method: the 3D printing technology is adopted to prepare the optical fiber preform frequently, the 3D printing technology is mature day by day, and an optical fiber structure can be constructed at will. In 2019, university of australia sydney and university of new south wales co-produced Silica optical fibers based on 3D printing technology (CHU, Yushi, et al, Silica optical fiber draw from 3D printed preforms, optics letters,2019,44.21: 5358-5361.), they developed and advanced the preparation of optical fiber preforms based on 3D printing technology and reviewed the technology in 2020 (Yushi CHU, Xinghu Fu, Yanhua Luo, John Canning, Yuan Tian tin, Kevin Cook, Jianzhong Zhang, and garg-Ding Peng, "Silica optical fiber draw from 3D printed preforms," opt, let 44, 58-5361 (2019)' the production of preforms is obviously an important technology to change the industry.
Although 3D printing technology has great advantages in fabricating preforms, it also has a number of disadvantages that have yet to be overcome. For example, (1) the slow printing speed, which makes it difficult to prepare large-sized fiber preform rods for 3D printing; (2) the printing material is limited, the existing printing technology is mostly to print the plastic polymer optical fiber, and although the printing of the quartz material is reported, the purity of the printed quartz material is difficult to guarantee. For example, patent 105347664B discloses a method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform based on 3D printing technology, which uses a nozzle to extrude a heated and melted fluid material to print the preform, the nozzle inevitably contacts the material when heating the extruded material, and high temperature causes impurities to diffuse into the preform material, so that the purity of the prepared preform is insufficient, and the optical fiber loss is large, and it is difficult to use for remote communication; (3) the fiber core and the cladding of the multi-core optical fiber need various doping materials, and the material switching in the printing process is a key problem of the optical fiber preform printing.
In summary, the preparation of a multi-core optical fiber preform is confronted with a dilemma: (1) and (3) preparing a large-size multi-core optical fiber perform. The large-size prefabricated rod is the key of mass production of optical fibers, such as the large-size prefabricated rod with the diameter of 200mm and the length of 1.5-2 m; (2) the preparation of the prefabricated stick of accurate height is difficult, can accurately control the refractive index profile distribution of prefabricated stick plug of optic fibre through PCVD technique at present, but PCVD is difficult to directly prepare major diameter prefabricated stick, and the current sleeve pipe plunger method is difficult to guarantee the geometric accuracy of prefabricated stick, leads to the multicore optic fibre uniformity of preparation not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber prefabricated rod based on a 3D printing adapting sleeve and also provides laser 3D printing equipment for printing the adapting sleeve.
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a 3D laser printing apparatus for printing a large-sized multicore optical fiber preform fitting sleeve. The device adopts a 3D printing method of laser scanning fused silica powder to prepare the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve, and the 3D printing device comprises a material loading area 1-1, a working area 1-2, a material inlet 1-3, a material scraping device 1-4, a high-power laser 1-5 with galvanometer scanning output, an F-theta lens 1-6, a pipe outlet 1-7, a tail rod clamp 1-8 and a large-stroke displacement table 1-9. As shown in fig. 2, which is a cross-sectional view of the device, the working principle of the whole device is as follows: the diameter of the outlet pipe orifice 1-7 is not less than 200mm, the tail rod clamp 1-8 clamps a tail rod 2 with the diameter matched with that of the outlet pipe orifice 1-7, the high-purity quartz powder 4 sprayed out of the feed inlet 1-3 enters a working area, the high-purity quartz powder 4 is scraped into a thin layer by the scraping device 1-4, the laser carries out preset path scanning under the control of software, the quartz powder is melted according to the path to form a cross section layer matched with the special-shaped quartz sleeve 3, then the large-stroke displacement table 9 moves downwards for one layer with the height, the special-shaped quartz sleeve 3 is printed again, and the special-shaped quartz sleeve 3 is printed layer by layer.
The laser wavelength is not less than 3 microns and is a waveband with high quartz absorption efficiency, and preferably, a carbon dioxide laser can be selected. The carbon dioxide laser outputs 10.6 microns of wavelength, is in a quartz absorption wave band, and has two working modes of continuous mode and pulse mode, and the laser power generated by the continuous mode can reach more than 20kW, so that the carbon dioxide laser is very suitable for quartz fusion 3D printing processing.
The size of the focusing light spot of the laser is adjustable, and the energy density is adjustable. The printing line width of the laser melting solidification high-purity quartz powder can be controlled through the adjustment of the two parameters, and the printing line width is used for adjusting the printing precision.
The laser beam is Bessel beam. On one hand, the Bessel beam has a non-diffraction characteristic, so that the printing resolution can be ensured, and the single-layer printing depth can be improved as much as possible; on the other hand, the Bessel beam can effectively reduce the possibility of pores in the printing process. As shown in fig. 3(a), (b), the light field energy distributions of the focused gaussian beam in the xoy plane and the yoz plane in the conventional laser printing are shown, and the normalized energy distributions thereof at the focal point (z ═ 0) and at the distance of 200um (z ═ 200um) are respectively shown in the implementation and the dashed line in fig. 3(c), and it can be seen that the focused gaussian beamLength z of effective printed line width in propagation directionrgShorter, which results in a single layer print with a smaller layer height. As shown in fig. 4(a), (b) are the light field energy distributions of bessel beams on the xoy plane and the yoz plane, and their normalized energy distributions at the focal point (z ═ 0) and at the distance of 200um (z ═ 200um) are respectively shown in the implementation and dotted lines in fig. 4(c), it can be seen that the unique non-diffractive property of bessel beams makes the focused light field thin and long, so that the effective printed line width length z is longrbThe relatively focused Gaussian beam is much longer, so that the printing resolution can be ensured, and the single-layer printing depth can be improved as much as possible.
The working area 1-2 is connected with a vacuum device for reducing the possibility of air bubbles in the printing process.
The preparation method of the large-size multi-core optical fiber preform comprises the following steps:
step 1: the end face geometric shape of the multi-core optical fiber is designed, the cross section distribution of the combined prefabricated rod is obtained by combining the prefabricated rod according to the sizes of the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod, the liner tube and the outer sleeve, and the geometric shape and the size of the special-shaped quartz sleeve matched with the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod, the liner tube and the outer sleeve are determined.
Step 2: and (3) adopting 3D laser printing equipment, taking high-purity quartz powder as a raw material, dividing a laser scanning path according to the geometric shape of the cross section of the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve in the step 1, melting the pure quartz powder according to the path, and printing the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve layer by layer.
And step 3: and sintering the printed fully-adaptive quartz sleeve at the temperature of 1500-1700 ℃ to form the transparent adaptive quartz sleeve.
And 4, step 4: and inserting the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod and the liner tube into the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve, integrally sleeving the outer sleeve, performing precision assembly, uniformly heating the combined preform rod by using oxyhydrogen flame at high temperature, and performing negative pressure air pumping to ensure that gaps among all assembled components disappear and are fused with each other to form a complete multi-core optical fiber preform rod.
And 5: heating by oxyhydrogen flame to prepare a prefabricated rod vertical head at one end of the non-tail rod.
The core rod and the auxiliary rod are prepared by adopting PCVD, MCVD, VAD or OVD process technology, and the refractive index profile of the core rod is accurately controlled.
The thickness of the thin wall between the holes of the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve is more than or equal to two times of the laser scanning line width, and the structural molding is ensured.
The purity of the pure quartz powder is more than 99.999 percent.
The invention has the following significant advantages:
(1) by adopting the method for printing the optical fiber perform adaptive sleeve, the adaptive sleeve can fill a larger gap existing after the rods are assembled, so that the perform is perfectly spliced, the geometric position of the core rod in the perform is accurately controlled, and the fiber forming consistency of the final multi-core optical fiber is ensured.
(2) Only the slit sleeves except the prefabricated components such as the sleeve, the liner tube, the core rod and the auxiliary rod are printed and formed, the multi-core optical fiber perform adaptive sleeve is quickly formed, and the printing time is reduced to the maximum extent.
(3) By adopting a layer-by-layer forming scheme of laser melting high-purity quartz powder, no metal contact processing is performed in the preparation process, and the prepared adaptive sleeve has high purity and no pollution.
(4) The adaptive quartz sleeve is prepared by a 3D printing method, and theoretically, the preparation of the multi-core optical fiber preform with the fiber core distributed in any geometric mode can be realized through the arrangement of the core rod, the auxiliary rod and the sleeve.
(5) The Bessel beam is adopted as the laser printing beam, and the laser printing device has the characteristics of high printing precision and high single-layer forming layer
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural view of a 3D laser printing apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a working principle diagram (cross-sectional view) of a 3D laser printing device for adapting to the printing of a profiled quartz sleeve.
Fig. 3(a), (b) are the light field distributions of the focused gaussian beam at the xoy and yoz planes, respectively, and fig. 3(c) is its normalized energy distribution at the focal point (z 0) and at a distance of 200um from the focal point (z 200 um).
Fig. 4 shows (a) and (b) the light field distributions of the bessel beam in the xoy and yoz planes, respectively, and fig. 4(c) shows the normalized energy distributions thereof at the focal point (z is 0) and at a distance of 200um from the focal point (z is 200 um).
FIG. 5 shows the end face structure and geometrical parameters of the quad-core optical fiber designed in the examples.
Fig. 6 is an assembly view of a four-core optical fiber preform.
FIG. 7 is a geometric structure and refractive index profile of a four-core fiber core rod.
FIG. 8 is a geometric block diagram of the liner used in the examples.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional structural view of an adapted profiled quartz sleeve made using a laser 3D printing apparatus.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a fabrication process of a four-core optical fiber preform.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example (b): preparing a four-core optical fiber preform with the diameter of 150mm and the length of 1500 mm.
Step 1: the end face geometric shape of the multi-core optical fiber is designed, the cross section distribution of the combined prefabricated rod is obtained by combining the prefabricated rod according to the sizes of the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod and the outer sleeve, and the geometric shape and the size of the special-shaped quartz sleeve matched with the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod, the liner tube and the outer sleeve are determined. The four-core optical fiber 5 designed in this embodiment has a diameter d as shown in FIG. 55125um, core pitch d4The four fiber cores 5-1 distributed in a square shape are single-mode fiber cores with the same refractive index distribution, and in order to increase the isolation degree between the cores and reduce the crosstalk of optical signals between the cores, fluorine-doped isolation layers 5-2 with low refractive index are additionally arranged on the periphery of the fiber cores. Specific geometrical parameters of the four-core optical fiber 5 are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
and designing a rod group scheme of the four-core optical fiber pre-support rod according to the parameters of the four-core optical fiber. As shown in fig. 6, the diameter of the whole preform 10 is 150mm, and a rod assembly scheme in which the core rod 6, the liner tube 7, and the pure quartz auxiliary rod 8 are inserted into the special-shaped adapter sleeve 9 is adopted. The core rod 6 is prepared by adopting a PCVD technology, the geometric dimension and the refractive index distribution of the core rod are shown in FIG. 7, a conversion relation is established according to the geometric dimension of the optical fiber, and the geometric dimension and the refractive index of the core rod 6 are shown in Table 2 by considering that the PCVD rod-making technology is difficult to enlarge the diameter of the core rod 6.
Table 2:
after four core rods 6 are prepared, four inner diameters D are required432mm, outside diameter D5A core rod can be inserted into the bore of the 50mm pure quartz liner tube 7, as shown in fig. 8. In order to reduce the printing volume of the subsequent special-shaped quartz sleeve and shorten the printing time as much as possible, the pure quartz auxiliary rod 8 is filled as much as possible, so five diameters D are required to be prepared622mm pure quartz auxiliary rod 8. All the members are 1500mm in length.
And step 3: by adopting 3D laser printing equipment, high-purity quartz powder 4 is used as a raw material, laser scanning paths are divided according to the geometric shape of the cross section of the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve 9 in fig. 9, the high-purity quartz powder 4 is melted according to the paths, the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve 9 is printed layer by layer, and the geometric structure parameters are shown in table 3. And sintering the printed completely-adapted quartz sleeve 9 at the temperature of 1500-1700 ℃ to form the transparent adapted quartz sleeve.
Table 3:
and 4, step 4: as shown in fig. 10, the core rod 6, the liner tube 7 and the pure quartz auxiliary rod 8 are inserted into the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve 9 for precision assembly, the combined preform 10 is uniformly heated at high temperature by using oxyhydrogen flame, and negative pressure air extraction is carried out, so that gaps among the assembled components disappear and are fused with each other, and a complete multi-core optical fiber preform is formed.
And 5: and heating by oxyhydrogen flame to prepare a prefabricated rod vertical head 11 at one end of a non-tail rod to obtain a four-core optical fiber prefabricated rod with the diameter of 150mm and the length of 1500 mm.
In the description and drawings, there have been disclosed typical embodiments of the invention. The invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. Specific terms are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a large-size multi-core optical fiber preform based on a 3D printing adaptive sleeve is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: designing the end face geometric shape of the multi-core optical fiber, combining the prefabricated rod according to the sizes of the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod, the liner tube and the outer sleeve to obtain the cross section distribution of the combined prefabricated rod, and determining the geometric shape and the size of the special-shaped quartz sleeve matched with the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod, the liner tube and the outer sleeve except the core rod;
step 2: adopting 3D laser printing equipment, taking pure quartz powder as a raw material, dividing a laser scanning path according to the geometric shape of the cross section of the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve in the step 1, melting the pure quartz powder according to the path, and printing the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve layer by layer;
and step 3: sintering the printed fully-adaptive quartz sleeve at 1500-1700 ℃ to form a transparent adaptive quartz sleeve;
and 4, step 4: inserting the core rod, the pure quartz auxiliary rod and the liner tube into the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve, integrally sleeving the outer sleeve, performing precision assembly, uniformly heating the combined preform rod at high temperature by using oxyhydrogen flame, and performing negative pressure air extraction to ensure that gaps among all assembled components disappear and are fused with each other to form a complete multi-core optical fiber preform rod;
and 5: and preparing a prefabricated rod vertical head.
2. The method for preparing a large-size multicore optical fiber preform based on 3D printing of the adapter sleeve according to claim 1, wherein: the core rod and the auxiliary rod are prepared by adopting PCVD, MCVD, VAD or OVD process technology, and the refractive index profile of the core rod is accurately controlled.
3. The method for preparing a large-size multicore optical fiber preform based on 3D printing of the adapter sleeve according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the thin wall between the holes of the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve is more than or equal to two times of the laser scanning line width, and the structural molding is ensured.
4. The method for preparing a large-size multicore optical fiber preform based on 3D printing of the adapter sleeve according to claim 1, wherein: the purity of the pure quartz powder is more than 99.999 percent.
5. A3D laser printing equipment for printing big size multicore optical fiber perform adaptation sleeve pipe, characterized by: preparing the adaptive special-shaped quartz sleeve in claim 1 by using a 3D printing device for scanning fused quartz powder by laser, wherein the 3D printing device comprises a loading area, a working area, a feeding hole, a scraping device, a high-power laser with vibrating mirror scanning output, an F-theta lens, a pipe outlet, a tail rod clamp and a large-stroke displacement table; the diameter of the outlet pipe is not less than 200mm, the tail rod clamp clamps a tail rod with the diameter matched with the diameter of the outlet pipe, high-purity quartz powder is sprayed from the feed inlet and enters a working area, the high-purity quartz powder is scraped into a thin layer by the scraping device, laser is controlled by software to scan a preset path, the quartz powder is melted according to the path to form a cross section layer matched with the special-shaped quartz sleeve, then the large-stroke displacement table moves downwards for one layer height, and the special-shaped quartz sleeve is printed again, so that the special-shaped quartz sleeve is printed layer by layer.
6. 3D laser printing apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 5, wherein: the laser wavelength is not less than 3 microns and is a waveband with high quartz absorption efficiency.
7. 3D laser printing apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 5, wherein: the size of the focusing light spot of the laser is adjustable, and the energy density is adjustable.
8. 3D laser printing apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 5, wherein: the laser beam is Bessel beam.
9. 3D laser printing apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 5, wherein: the working area is connected with a vacuum-pumping device.
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| AU2020100756A4 (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-06-18 | Guilin University Of Electronic Technology | A multi-core optical fiber Fan-in/out device with a concave triple-clad transition fiber |
| US20210149101A1 (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-05-20 | Eric Swanson | Multicore Fiber Instrument with 3D-Printed Distal Optics |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101943767A (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2011-01-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Square-core multi-core fiber having different fiber core refractive indexes and preparation method |
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| US20210149101A1 (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-05-20 | Eric Swanson | Multicore Fiber Instrument with 3D-Printed Distal Optics |
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