CN113878205B - Micro-deformation welding method for cylinder-connected seal welding of steam turbine cylinder body - Google Patents
Micro-deformation welding method for cylinder-connected seal welding of steam turbine cylinder body Download PDFInfo
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- CN113878205B CN113878205B CN202111213689.2A CN202111213689A CN113878205B CN 113878205 B CN113878205 B CN 113878205B CN 202111213689 A CN202111213689 A CN 202111213689A CN 113878205 B CN113878205 B CN 113878205B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-deformation welding method for cylinder connecting seal welding of a steam turbine cylinder body, which comprises the following steps of: (1) Respectively carrying out finish machining on the front cylinder and the rear cylinder, and respectively machining grooves on the front cylinder and the rear cylinder; (2) After the front cylinder and the rear cylinder are combined, the flange surface on the outer side of the front cylinder and the rear cylinder is fixed by a locking bolt in a threaded manner; (3) Performing a seal welding process on the side edge of the involution bisection surface by using an argon arc welding wire matched with the base material to reinforce a welding seam, wherein the reinforcement welding seam after welding has the extra height of more than 5mm and the fusion width of more than 10mm; (4) And performing inner runner welding seam welding by adopting a precise pulse argon arc welding method, performing inner runner priming welding seam welding with an austenitic stainless steel welding wire for the priming layer, and performing runner facing welding seam with a strength welding wire matched with the base metal for the facing welding. The invention has the advantages of convenient operation, no field limitation, small deformation after welding and qualified welding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of turbine welding, in particular to a turbine cylinder body cylinder connecting seal welding micro-deformation welding method.
Background
The steam turbine is mainly applied to working conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, when the steam turbine is designed, no matter the core rotor part or the cylinder body part of the steam turbine is usually made of high temperature and high pressure resistant steel, most of the high temperature resistant steel is ZG20CrMo, ZG15Cr2Mo1 and the like, the steel has extremely high crack tendency during welding, meanwhile, the steam turbine cylinder body is thick and heavy and has large restraint degree, welding quality can be controlled only by wrapping with an electric heating rope or performing preheating and post-heating slow cooling measures on the whole heating furnace during conventional welding, the preheating temperature and the post-heating temperature need to reach about 300 to 350 ℃, the heat preservation time needs to reach more than 1h, and welding deformation is large, so the machining process generally needs to perform integral finish machining after the whole welding is finished.
When the steam turbine cylinder body is manufactured, the cylinder body is large in size and thick in wall thickness, the front cylinder body, the middle cylinder body and the rear cylinder body are fastened and connected mainly by bolts on the outer side flange face, the connecting strength effect is achieved, and the joint of the inner flow channel needs to be sealed and welded. If the front, middle and rear cylinder bodies are firstly assembled and welded and then machined, the cylinder cannot be completely finished subsequently due to the machining stroke of machining equipment and the like, so that the drawing requirements cannot be met, and the adjustment and installation cannot be carried out. If each part of the cylinder is firstly independently finished to the right position and then welded, the deformation after welding is strictly controlled within the design requirement range (the horizontal split surface jumping requirement is within 0.2 mm), the sealing performance of the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body after combination is ensured, and meanwhile, the crack of a welding line caused by the large carbon equivalent of the base metal body of the cylinder body is controlled.
The current conventional method is as follows: because the carbon equivalent value of the heat-resistant steel is larger, the whole welding area is required to be heated to more than 350 ℃ for welding, and the welding area is required to be heated to more than 350 ℃ for heat preservation and slow cooling after welding; during heating, a cable rope or a heating furnace is required to be used for heating, and the temperature needs to be kept for more than 1h after heating, so that the joint surface of the cylinder body is greatly deformed after welding. Therefore, the above problems need to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cylinder-connected sealing welding micro-deformation welding method for a steam turbine cylinder, which is suitable for sealing welding of the cylinder-connected micro-deformation of the steam turbine cylinder made of heat-resistant steel, and is also suitable for sealing welding of the cylinder-connected micro-deformation of other cylinders made of low-carbon steel and low-alloy steel with good weldability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention discloses a micro-deformation welding method for sealing welding of a cylinder body of a steam turbine, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Respectively carrying out finish machining on the front cylinder and the rear cylinder, and respectively machining grooves on the front cylinder and the rear cylinder;
(2) After the front cylinder and the rear cylinder are combined, the flange surface on the outer side of the front cylinder is fixed by a locking bolt in a screwed connection way;
(3) Performing a seal welding process on the side edge of the involution bisection surface by using an argon arc welding wire matched with the base material to reinforce a welding seam, wherein the reinforcement welding seam after welding has the extra height of more than 5mm and the fusion width of more than 10mm;
(4) Welding the inner runner welding seam by adopting a precise pulse argon arc welding method, performing inner runner priming welding seam on the priming layer by using an austenitic stainless steel welding wire, and performing runner facing welding seam on the facing welding seam by using a strength welding wire matched with the base metal;
the specific process of welding the inner runner weld joint comprises the following steps:
(4.1) preheating the outer wall of the cylinder body before welding, wherein the outer wall of the cylinder body is heated from the center of the outer side surface of the cylinder body to two sides during preheating, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 200-250 ℃;
(4.2) preheating the inner runner after the outer side surface of the cylinder body is fully heated, heating by using oxyacetylene, controlling the preheating temperature of the inner runner within 150 ℃, and heating from the center of the groove of the inner runner to two sides respectively during heating;
(4.3) welding immediately after preheating, firstly welding the bottom welding seam of the inner flow channel by adopting a bottom welding wire with the diameter of phi 3.2mm, and controlling the linear energy and the welding sequence during welding;
(4.4) covering the welding line of the bottom layer of the inner runner with heat-insulating cotton, slowly cooling, and performing dye check after complete cooling;
and (4.5) after the welding seam of the bottom layer of the inner runner is free of defects, repeating the steps for re-preheating, and immediately welding the welding seam of the cover layer of the runner after preheating.
Preferably, in the step (1), the split end face runout of the horizontal flanges of the front cylinder and the rear cylinder is controlled within 0.02 mm; the machining groove is not limited to turning but may not be fire machined.
Preferably, in the step (1), the bevels of the inner flow channels are respectively and independently processed, the slope angles of the bevels are all 30 degrees, the bevels are combined into a whole, the angle of the bevel is 60 degrees, and the depth of the bevel is 5mm.
Preferably, in the step (3), before sealing, the outer flange surface is heated with oxyacetylene, and the heating temperature is controlled to be within 150 ℃, and the outer flange surface is swept back and forth during heating.
Preferably, in the step (3), the sealing welding is performed by remelting with a tungsten electrode in the first step, inspecting no crack defect after remelting, and immediately welding with a welding wire.
Preferably, in the step (4.3), the welding power supply is adjusted to high-frequency pulses before welding, the current is set at 100A, welding is respectively performed from the central position of the inner flow channel to the middle surfaces of the horizontal flanges at two sides, and after bottoming welding is completed, remelting welding is performed from the central position of the inner flow channel to two sides.
Preferably, in the step (4.4), the dye flaw detection is performed after the dye flaw detection is completely cooled, and after the dye flaw detection is passed, the dye flaw detection agent is removed to prevent the rust of the groove.
Preferably, in the step (4.5), the cover welding material is an argon arc welding wire with strength matched with the cylinder body base metal, the diameter of the welding wire is phi 2.5mm, the welding current is controlled within 100-120A during welding, single pulse is adopted for continuous welding, and the edge of the groove needs to be completely fused by left and right swing arcs during welding.
Preferably, in the step (4.5), after the whole welding is finished, the welding seam of the inner runner is covered by heat insulation cotton for slow cooling, and meanwhile, the outer side of the cylinder body is subjected to post-heat treatment by oxyacetylene, wherein the post-heat temperature is 200 to 250 ℃, and the heating time is 5min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention is not only suitable for the micro-deformation cylinder welding and sealing of the steam turbine cylinder made of heat-resistant steel, but also suitable for the micro-deformation cylinder welding and sealing of other cylinder made of low-carbon steel and low-alloy steel with good weldability;
(2) The method is convenient to operate, is not limited by sites, has low requirements on welding equipment, has small deformation after welding, meets the design requirements of drawings, and has qualified welding quality;
(3) The invention has small deformation after welding, can control the run-out of the middle section within 0.05mm, meets the design requirement of a drawing, and greatly reduces the working time of the later bench worker for manually polishing and grinding the middle section;
(4) According to the invention, an austenite welding material is adopted for priming and a welding seam with strength is adopted for capping, the welding seam has certain plastic toughness and strength, and the sealing effect and the corrosion resistance are good;
(5) The invention adopts reasonable welding sequence and preheating and post-heating sequence, greatly reduces the internal stress of welding, reduces the influence of rigid constraint of the structure on the welding seam, and ensures the quality of the welding seam by low-energy density and low-linear energy welding.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a steam turbine according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the grooves of the front and rear cylinders of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the divided part of the inner flow passage in fig. 2.
Wherein, 1-front cylinder; 2-locking the bolt; 3-rear cylinder; 4-inner runner groove; 5, reinforcing welding seams by a process; 6-priming welding seams of the inner flow channel; 7-flow passage cover surface layer welding seam.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described by the following detailed description.
The invention relates to a micro-deformation welding method for cylinder connection sealing welding of a steam turbine cylinder body, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Respectively carrying out finish machining on the front cylinder 1 and the rear cylinder 3, and respectively machining grooves, wherein the machining grooves are not limited to turning but can not be machined by flame;
in the steps, the end face runout of the horizontal flange middle facets of the front cylinder 1 and the rear cylinder 3 is controlled within 0.02mm according to the drawing requirements;
in the steps, the bevels 4 of the inner flow passages are respectively and independently processed, the slope angles of the bevels are all 30 degrees, the bevels are combined into a whole, the bevel angle is 60 degrees, and the bevel depth is 5mm; the depth of the groove meets the requirement of drawing seal welding, the inner runner does not need to bear the strength action according to the design requirement, but the welding line is not cracked, and the restraint degree formed by the cylinder body assembly can be borne.
(2) After the front cylinder 1 and the rear cylinder 3 are combined, the flange surface on the outer side is fixed by a locking bolt 2 in a threaded manner;
in the above steps, in order to prevent the cylinder body from deforming during welding and causing tearing of the welding seam, the locking bolt 2 must be completely locked.
(3) The argon arc welding wire matched with the base material is used for carrying out seal welding process on the side edge of the involution bisection surface to reinforce the welding seam 5, the residual height of the process reinforced welding seam 5 after welding is more than 5mm, and the fusion width is more than 10mm;
in the steps, in order to prevent the crack generated in the process reinforcing welding line 5 and prevent the crack from playing a role of restricting the middle section of the horizontal flange, the outer flange surface is heated by oxyacetylene before sealing and welding, in order to avoid the deformation of a workpiece, the heating temperature is controlled within 150 ℃, the moisture is sufficiently removed, and the heating is performed by back and forth sweeping heating during heating;
in the above steps, the first step of sealing welding is firstly remelted by a tungsten electrode, and immediately welded by a welding wire after no crack defect is detected after remelting.
(4) And (3) performing welding of the inner runner welding seam by adopting a precise pulse argon arc welding method, performing inner runner welding seam 6 on the priming layer by using an austenitic stainless steel welding wire with relatively excellent plasticity and toughness, and performing runner cover welding seam 7 on the cover welding seam by using a strength welding wire matched with the base metal.
In the above steps, the diameter of the backing welding wire is phi 3.2mm, and austenite welding materials with low carbon content such as ER316L are selected for welding.
In the above steps, the specific process of welding the inner runner weld seam is as follows:
(4.1) preheating the outer wall of the cylinder body before welding, wherein the outer wall of the cylinder body is heated from the center of the outer side surface of the cylinder body to two sides during preheating, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 200-250 ℃.
(4.2) preheating the inner runner after the outer side surface of the cylinder body is fully heated, and controlling the preheating temperature of the inner runner within 150 ℃ in order to prevent the deformation of the middle section of the inner runner connected with the cylinder; wherein, oxyacetylene is used for heating, and the heating is respectively carried out from the center of the inner flow channel groove 4 to two sides during the heating.
(4.3) immediately welding after preheating, firstly welding the welding seam 6 of the bottom layer of the inner flow channel, and controlling linear energy and welding sequence during welding;
in the steps, a welding power supply is adjusted to high-frequency pulse before welding, current is set at 100A, welding is respectively carried out from the center of the inner runner to the middle planes of the horizontal flanges on the two sides, and after bottoming welding is finished, remelting welding is carried out from the center of the inner runner to the two sides, so that non-fusion generated in the high-frequency pulse welding process is reduced.
(4.4) covering the welding seam 6 of the bottom layer of the inner runner with heat-insulating cotton for slow cooling, and performing dye check after complete cooling;
in the above steps, the dye check is performed after the dye check is completely cooled, and after the dye check is qualified, the dye check agent is removed to prevent the groove from rusting.
(4.5) after the welding seam 6 of the bottom layer of the inner runner is free of defects, repeating the steps for re-preheating, and immediately welding a welding seam 7 of the cover layer of the runner after preheating;
in the steps, a cover surface layer welding material is an argon arc welding wire with the strength matched with a cylinder body base metal, the diameter of the welding wire is phi 2.5mm, the welding current is controlled within 100 to 120A during welding, single pulse is adopted for continuous welding, and the edge of a groove is completely fused by left and right swing arcs during welding;
in the steps, after the whole welding is finished, covering the welding line of the inner runner with heat insulation cotton for slow cooling, and simultaneously carrying out post-heat treatment on the outer side of the cylinder body by using oxyacetylene, wherein the post-heat temperature is 200 to 250 ℃, and the heating time is about 5 min; wherein the process enhancing weld 5 must not be removed unless repaired.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention is not only suitable for the micro-deformation cylinder welding seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder body made of heat-resistant steel, but also suitable for the micro-deformation cylinder welding seal welding of other cylinder bodies made of low-carbon steel and low-alloy steel with good weldability;
(2) The method is convenient to operate, is not limited by sites, has low requirements on welding equipment, has small deformation after welding, meets the design requirements of drawings, and has qualified welding quality;
(3) The invention has small deformation after welding, can control the run-out of the middle section within 0.05mm, meets the design requirement of a drawing, and greatly reduces the working time of the later bench worker for manually polishing and grinding the middle section;
(4) According to the invention, an austenite welding material is adopted for priming and a welding seam with strength is adopted for capping, the welding seam has certain plastic toughness and strength, and the sealing effect and the corrosion resistance are good;
(5) The invention adopts reasonable welding sequence and preheating and post-heating sequence, greatly reduces the internal stress of welding, reduces the influence of rigid constraint of the structure on the welding seam, and ensures the quality of the welding seam by low-energy density and low-linear energy welding.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall into the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention as claimed are all described in the technical claims.
Claims (9)
1. A micro-deformation welding method for sealing welding of a cylinder body of a steam turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Respectively carrying out finish machining on the front cylinder and the rear cylinder, and respectively machining grooves on the front cylinder and the rear cylinder;
(2) After the front cylinder and the rear cylinder are combined, the flange surface on the outer side of the front cylinder and the rear cylinder is fixed by a locking bolt in a threaded manner;
(3) Performing a seal welding process on the side edge of the involutory bisection surface by using an argon arc welding wire matched with the base material to reinforce a welding seam, wherein the reinforcement welding seam after welding has the height of more than 5mm and the fusion width of more than 10mm;
(4) Welding the inner runner welding seam by adopting a precise pulse argon arc welding method, performing inner runner priming welding seam on the priming layer by using an austenitic stainless steel welding wire, and performing runner facing welding seam on the facing welding seam by using a strength welding wire matched with the base metal;
the specific process of welding the inner runner weld joint comprises the following steps:
(4.1) preheating the outer wall of the cylinder body before welding, wherein the outer wall of the cylinder body is heated from the center of the outer side surface of the cylinder body to two sides in the preheating process, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 200-250 ℃;
(4.2) preheating the inner runner after the outer side surface of the cylinder body is fully heated, heating by using oxyacetylene, controlling the preheating temperature of the inner runner within 150 ℃, and heating from the center of the groove of the inner runner to two sides respectively during heating;
(4.3) immediately welding after preheating, firstly welding the bottom welding line of the inner flow channel with a bottom welding wire with the diameter of phi 3.2mm, and controlling the line energy and the welding sequence during welding;
(4.4) covering the welding line of the bottom layer of the inner flow channel with heat-insulating cotton, slowly cooling, and performing dye check after complete cooling;
and (4.5) after the welding seam of the bottom layer of the inner runner is free of defects, repeating the steps for re-preheating, and immediately welding the welding seam of the cover layer of the runner after preheating.
2. The micro-deformation welding method for the cylinder connecting seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the split end face runout of the horizontal flanges of the front cylinder and the rear cylinder is controlled within 0.02 mm; the groove is not limited to turning but may not be fire machined.
3. The micro-deformation welding method for the cylinder connecting seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the grooves of the inner flow channels are respectively and independently processed, the slope angles of the grooves are all 30 degrees, the angles of the grooves are 60 degrees after the grooves are combined into a whole, and the depth of the grooves is 5mm.
4. The micro-deformation welding method for the cylinder connecting seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), before sealing welding, the outer flange surface is heated by oxyacetylene, the heating temperature is controlled within 150 ℃, and the flange surface is swept and heated back and forth during heating.
5. The micro-deformation welding method for the cylinder connecting seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the first step of sealing welding is firstly remelting by a tungsten electrode, and welding by a welding wire is immediately carried out after checking no crack defect after remelting.
6. The micro-deformation welding method for the cylinder connecting seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4.3), before welding, the welding power supply is adjusted to high-frequency pulse, the current is set at 100A, welding is respectively carried out from the center position of the inner runner to the middle surfaces of the horizontal flanges at two sides, and after bottoming welding is finished, remelting welding is carried out from the center position of the inner runner to two sides.
7. The micro-deformation welding method for the cylinder connecting seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4.4), the dye check is performed after the dye check is performed completely cold, and after the dye check is passed, the dye check agent is removed to prevent the rust of the groove.
8. The micro-deformation welding method for the cylinder connecting seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder block according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4.5), the cover layer welding material is an argon arc welding wire with the strength matched with the cylinder body base metal, the diameter of the welding wire is phi 2.5mm, the welding current is controlled within 100-120A during welding, single pulse is adopted for continuous welding, and the edge of the groove needs to be completely fused by left and right swing arcs during welding.
9. The micro-deformation welding method for the cylinder connecting seal welding of the steam turbine cylinder body according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4.5), after the whole welding is finished, the welding seam of the inner runner is covered by heat insulation cotton for slow cooling, and meanwhile, the outer side of the cylinder body is subjected to post-heat treatment by using oxyacetylene, wherein the post-heat temperature is 200-250 ℃, and the heating time is 5min.
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