CN113878010A

CN113878010A - Method and device for connecting components, and device for connecting components

Info

Publication number: CN113878010A
Application number: CN202110748937.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A·希罗博科夫; M·威廉
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2020-07-03
Filing date: 2021-07-02
Publication date: 2022-01-04
Also published as: DE102020208404A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for connecting components, wherein a first component (2) having at least one first projection (8) is provided, wherein a second component (3) having at least one hook section (13) is provided, wherein the second component (3) is arranged on the first component (2) in such a way that the hook section (13) adjoins the first projection (8), wherein a first stamping step (S4) is carried out, and wherein, in the first stamping step (S4), a stamp (20) is pressed against the first projection (8) by a movement in the stamping direction (21) in such a way that the first projection (8) is plastically deformed while forming an outer arch (15) engaging behind the hook section (13) in order to positively connect the first component (2) to the second component (3). In a first pressing step (S4), the punch (20) is temporarily moved in a pressure reduction direction (22) opposite to the pressing direction (21) in order to temporarily reduce the pressing force (N) acting on the first projection (8).

Description

Method and device for connecting components, and device for connecting components

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for connecting components, wherein a first component having at least one first projection is provided, wherein a second component having at least one hook section is provided, wherein the second component is arranged on the first component in such a way that the hook section adjoins the first projection, wherein a first punching step is carried out, and wherein in the first punching step (Verstemmschist) a punch is pressed against the first projection by a movement in the punching direction in such a way that the first projection is plastically deformed by forming an outer arch (Ausweelbung) which engages behind the hook section in order to connect the first component to the second component in a form-fitting manner.

The invention further relates to a device having a first component and a second component connected to the first component.

The invention also relates to a device for connecting components, comprising a control.

Background

The connection of components by means of stamping is known from the prior art. For example, it is known to connect components made of metal material by means of stamping. It is also known to connect plastic components by means of hot stamping.

Here, a first component and a second component are provided, which are to be connected by stamping. The first member has at least one first protrusion. The second member has at least one hook section. The second member is arranged at the first member such that the hook section abuts the first protrusion. The second component is arranged here, for example, such that the hook section directly adjoins the first projection, or such that the hook section is slightly spaced apart from the first projection.

In order to connect the first and second components to one another, a first punching step is carried out in which the punch is pressed against the first projection by a movement in the punching direction in such a way that the first projection is plastically deformed with the formation of an outer arch of the hook section from behind. Since the outer arch engages behind the hook section, a positive connection of the first component to the second component is achieved by the first stamping step or stamping.

Disclosure of Invention

The method according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that the stability of the form-fitting connection of the first component to the second component is increased. According to the invention, provision is made for the punch to be temporarily moved in a first punching step in the direction of a pressure reduction opposite to the punching direction in order to temporarily reduce the punching force acting on the first projection. The pressing force is understood to mean the force which is generated by the punch pressing against the pressing surface of the first projection. According to the invention, the punch is temporarily moved in the direction of pressure reduction. Therefore, immediately after the punch is moved in the pressure-reducing direction, the punch is moved again in the punching direction. The stamping is thus performed step by step in the first stamping step. It is known from the prior art that punching is performed under traction (Zug), i.e. when the punch is not temporarily moved in the direction of pressure reduction. However, this may lead to a higher punching depth without further deformation of the material to be punched or of the first projection. Instead, cracks are formed in the material to be deformed. In contrast, the procedure according to the invention has the advantage that a greater pressing depth and a correspondingly higher degree of deformation can be achieved. This makes it possible to increase the size of the outer arch of the hook section that engages behind. The stability of the form-fitting connection is correspondingly increased.

According to a preferred embodiment, the punch is temporarily moved in the first punching step so far in the direction of the pressure reduction that the punching force is cancelled. The punch then no longer exerts a punching force on the first protrusion. A particularly high punching depth can be achieved by a complete decompression of the first projection.

The punch is preferably moved temporarily in the pressure-reducing direction a plurality of times in a first punching step, wherein the punch is moved in the punching direction between a first movement in the pressure-reducing direction and an immediately subsequent second movement in the pressure-reducing direction. The punch is thus moved first in the punching direction and pressed against the first projection. The punch is then moved in the direction of the pressure reduction. This corresponds to a first movement in the direction of the pressure reduction. The punch is then moved again in the punching direction and pressed against the first projection. This is followed by moving the punch again in the direction of the pressure reduction. This corresponds to a second movement in the direction of the pressure reduction. The punch is then moved again in the punching direction and pressed against the first projection. The achievable punching depth can also be increased further in this way. The punch is preferably temporarily moved more than twice in the direction of pressure reduction.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the actual displacement position of the punch is monitored, wherein at least one target displacement position is predefined, and wherein the punch is temporarily displaced in the decompression direction when the actual displacement position corresponding to the target displacement position is detected. The predetermined target displacement position enables a particularly precise predetermination of the desired point in time at which the displacement of the punch temporarily in the decompression direction offers the desired advantage. If the punch is to be moved temporarily in the direction of pressure reduction a plurality of times, at least two nominal displacement positions differing from one another are preferably predetermined.

Preferably, a curve of the change in the pressing force is determined, and the punch is moved according to the curve. It is also possible to precisely predetermine a suitable point in time by means of the profile of the ram pressure, at which the temporary displacement of the ram in the direction of the pressure reduction offers the desired advantage. For example, a change curve of the press force is determined from a motor current of an electric motor, which is configured to move the punch. The motor current is then detected or measured in order to determine the profile of the pressing force. The punching force is alternatively or additionally detected by a pressure sensor assigned to the punch. Then, a change curve of the punching force is obtained according to a sensor signal of the pressure sensor.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the slope of the profile is determined, wherein a maximum permissible threshold slope is predefined, and wherein the plunger is temporarily moved in the direction of the pressure reduction when a negative slope exceeding the threshold slope occurs. As explained above, it can occur during the stamping that cracks form in the material to be stamped. Such crack formation causes the punching force to become small although the punch is moved in the punching direction. The crack formation can therefore be understood by means of the profile of the impact force and in particular by means of the slope of this profile. In particular, the start of crack formation can be determined by means of the slope. By predetermining a suitable threshold slope and temporarily moving the punch in the direction of the pressure reduction, crack formation can accordingly be prevented when negative slopes occur which exceed the threshold slope and which can impair the stability of the positive-fit connection between the components. The threshold slope is preferably predetermined starting from the fact that a crack is only formed if a negative slope is present which exceeds the threshold slope.

According to a preferred embodiment, a first component is provided which has at least one second projection adjacent to the first projection, wherein a second punching step is carried out following the first punching step, in which the punch or a further punch is pressed against the second projection by a movement in the punching direction in such a way that the size of the outer arch of the first projection is increased by plastic deformation of the second projection. A first component is thus provided which has both at least one first projection and at least one second projection. The at least one second projection is stamped in the second stamping step, i.e. immediately after the first stamping step, and is thus plastically deformed. Since the second protrusion abuts the first protrusion, the size of the outer arch structure of the first protrusion is increased due to plastic deformation of the second protrusion. The stability of the form-fitting connection between the first component and the second component is thereby further increased. The second projection in particular directly adjoins the first projection. As an alternative to this, the second protrusion is slightly spaced apart from the first protrusion.

According to a preferred embodiment, a first component having a first annular projection is provided. If the first projection is annular, then a positive sealing action is provided in addition to the form-fitting connection by the first stamping step. As already explained above, the first component is preferably provided which, in addition to the first projection, also has at least one second projection. Preferably, an annular second projection is provided, which surrounds the annular first projection. In this regard, the annular shape of the second protrusion has a larger diameter than the annular shape of the first protrusion. As an alternative to this, a plurality of second projections are preferably provided, which are arranged radially outside the annular first projection and are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction of the annular first projection. It is particularly preferred that the second projections are arranged uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the annular first projection.

Preferably, a second component is provided having a sleeve section, wherein a free end of the sleeve section has a hook section which projects from the free end radially outward with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the sleeve section, and wherein the second component is arranged on the first component in such a way that the annular first projection surrounds the sleeve section. Since the first projection surrounds the sleeve section, the first projection can be simply reached for carrying out the first stamping step. In the first punching step, a sleeve-shaped punch is preferably used, the punch surface of which matches the pressing surface of the first projection. The hook section is preferably configured in a ring shape. The hook section thus extends in the circumferential direction of the sleeve section over the entire surface along the free end of the sleeve section.

According to an alternative embodiment, the method according to the invention with the features of claim 1 is distinguished in that a first component is provided with at least one second projection adjoining the first projection, wherein a second punching step is carried out following the first punching step, in which second punching step the punch or a further punch is pressed against the second projection by a movement in the punching direction in such a way that the size of the outer arch is increased by plastic deformation of the second projection. As already explained, this can improve the stability of the form-fitting connection. According to this alternative embodiment, it is optional to perform the first stamping step stage by stage. The punch is therefore preferably temporarily moved in the direction of the pressure reduction in the first punching step in order to temporarily reduce the punching force acting on the first projection.

The device according to the invention has a first component and a second component connected to the first component. The device with the features of claim 10 is distinguished in that the first and second components are connected to one another by the method according to the invention. The advantages already mentioned are also obtained thereby. Further preferred features and combinations of features result from the preceding description and from the claims. In terms of installation technology, the installation according to the invention differs from the previously known installations in particular in that the size of the outer arch of the first projection is greater in the case of the installation according to the invention. In particular, it is evident from the micrographs of the device in the region of the positive connection between the components that the device is produced by the method according to the invention. By performing the first stamping step stepwise, irregularities may occur in the area of the deformed first protrusions, which can be seen in the photomicrograph.

The device is preferably a hydraulic assembly for a brake system, wherein the first component is designed as a hydraulic block and the second component is designed as a pressure generating unit. In a hydraulic unit, a positive connection between the hydraulic block and the pressure generating unit usually counteracts very high loads. However, often only little space is available for a form-fitting connection. In this connection, the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for connecting a hydraulic block to a pressure generating unit, since a particularly stable form-fitting connection is provided by the method according to the invention.

The device according to the invention for connecting components by means of punching has a movably supported punch and a controllable motor, which is coupled to the punch in such a way that the punch can be moved by the motor. The device with the features of claim 12 is distinguished by a control which is provided exclusively for controlling the motor in such a way that the system (inlage) performs the first punching step according to any of claims 1 to 9. The advantages already mentioned are also obtained thereby. Further preferred features and combinations of features result from the preceding description and the claims.

Drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the figures. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus for a braking system;

figure 2 shows a micrograph of the apparatus;

FIG. 3 shows an apparatus for manufacturing the device;

FIG. 4 illustrates a method for manufacturing the device; and is

Fig. 5 shows a curve of the variation of the punching force during the punching step of the method.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a top view of the device 1. The device 1 has a first member 2 and a second member 3. The first component 2 and the second component 3 are connected to each other by a form-fitting connection 4.

In the present case, the device 1 is a hydraulic unit 1 for a brake system. The first component 2 relates to a hydraulic block 2 of the hydraulic assembly 1. The second component 3 is then a pressure generating unit 3 of the hydraulic unit 1.

The design of the positive-locking connection 4 is explained in more detail below with reference to fig. 2. For this purpose, fig. 2 shows a micrograph of a section plane 5 along the viewing direction 6, which is visible in fig. 1. The form-fitting connection 4 is provided by the co-action of the housing 7 of the second component 3 on the one hand and the first projection 8 of the first component 2 on the other hand.

The housing 7 of the second component 3 has a sleeve section 9, i.e. a sleeve-shaped or cylindrical section. The sleeve section 9 has a free end 10. The free end 10 has a hook section 13 which projects radially outward from the free end 10 with respect to a longitudinal mid-axis 14 of the sleeve section 9 or of the housing 7 of the second component 3. The hook section 13 extends along the free end 10 in the circumferential direction of the sleeve section 9 over the entire surface. In this connection, the hook section 13 is configured in the form of a loop.

The first member 2 has a housing 11 with a base plate 12 from which the first protrusion 8 protrudes. The first protrusion 8 is configured in a ring shape. Furthermore, a plurality of bores 29 are formed in the base plate 12 in the surroundings of the first elevation 8. The maximum permissible radial extension of the first projection 8 is predetermined by the bore 29. The first projection 8 is not limited by the bore 29 beyond a defined radial extension, since otherwise the projection and the bore 29 would collide.

The second component 3 is arranged on the first component 2 in such a way that the annular first projection 8 and the sleeve section 9 are arranged coaxially to one another. In this connection, the longitudinal center axis of the annular first projection 8 corresponds to the longitudinal center axis 14 of the sleeve section. The annular inner contour of the first projection 8 is larger than the outer contour of the sleeve section 9. In this regard, the first protrusion 8 surrounds the sleeve section 9.

Furthermore, the second component 3 is arranged on the first component 2 in such a way that the free end 10 bears directly against the base plate 12 in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal center axis 14.

The first projection 8 has an outer arch 15 which engages behind the sleeve section 13 and thus contributes to the form-fitting connection 4. For this purpose, the outer arch 15 projects radially inwardly from the base 16 of the first projection 8. In the present case, the positive-locking connection 4 is designed to be free of play. For this purpose, the outer arch 15 exerts a pretensioning force on the hook section 13, by means of which the second component 3 is pressed against the base plate 12.

The means 18 for connecting the components are shown in a simplified manner in fig. 3. The device 18 is designed to connect the components to one another by means of stamping. The device 18 has a holding unit, which is currently designed as a carrier plate 19, on which the components to be connected can be arranged. The device 18 also has a punch 20 which can be moved in a punching direction 21 and in a decompression direction 22 opposite to the punching direction 21. The punch 20 can be fed to the carrier plate 19 or to a component arranged on the carrier plate 19 by a movement in the punching direction 21.

The device 18 also has a controllable electric motor 23. The drive shaft of the electric motor 23 is coupled to the ram 20 in such a way that the ram 20 can be moved by the electric motor 23. The device 18 furthermore has a controller 24, which is designed to control the electric motor 23.

An advantageous method for connecting the first component 2 with the second component 3 by means of the device 18 is explained in more detail below with reference to fig. 4. A form-fitting connection 4 is formed by the method. For this purpose, fig. 3 shows the method by means of a flow chart.

In a first step S1, a first component 2 is provided.

In a second step S2, the first component 2 is arranged on the carrier plate 19 in such a way that the first projections 8 face the punch 20.

In a third step S3, a second component 3 is provided.

In a fourth step S4, second component 3 is arranged on first component 2 in such a way that first projection 8 surrounds sleeve section 9, as explained above. The outer arch structure 15 is not yet present at this point in time. More precisely, the outline of the first protrusion 8 is depicted by the dashed

lines

17 and 27. The line 17 describes the course of the first projection facing the pressing surface of the punch 20. Since the outer arch 15 is not yet present, the sleeve section 9 can simply be slipped onto the first projection 8.

According to an alternative embodiment, the second component 3 is arranged first at the first component 2, and then the

components

2 and 3 are arranged together on the carrier plate 19.

A first punching step S5 is immediately performed. In a first punching step S5, controller 24 actuates electric motor 23 in such a way that punch 20, by moving in punching direction 21, presses against the pressing surface of first projection 8 in such a way that first projection 8 is plastically deformed in the case of forming outer arch 15.

The first stamping step S5 is explained in more detail next with reference to fig. 5. For this purpose, fig. 5 shows a diagram a in which the pressing force N acting on the pressing surface of the first projection 8 as a function of the actual displacement position SS of the punch 20 is shown. In the first actual displacement position SS0, the punch 20 strikes against the pressing surface of the first projection 8, so that, when the punch 20 is displaced further in the punching direction 21, the punching force N rises and the first projection 8 deforms.

The first line L1 describes the profile of the pressing force N according to a particularly advantageous first exemplary embodiment of the first pressing step S5. According to a first exemplary embodiment of the first pressing step S5, a plurality of nominal shift positions SS1, SS2 and SS3 which differ from one another are predetermined. If the actual displacement position of the ram 20 has reached one of the predetermined nominal displacement positions SS1, SS2 or SS3, the controller 24 controls the electric motor 23 in such a way that the ram 20 is displaced again in the pressure reduction direction 22. As can be seen from fig. 5, the press force N is therefore reduced. The punch 20 is moved in the pressure reduction direction 22 so far that the punching force N is released. The ram pressure N thus drops to the value 0. Immediately after the punch 20 has been moved in the pressure-reducing direction 22, the controller 24 controls the electric motor 23 in such a way that the punch 20 is moved again in the punching direction 21, so that the punching of the first projection 8 is continued. The punch 20 is thus temporarily moved in the decompression direction 22. Since a plurality of nominal displacement positions differing from one another are predefined, the punch 20 is temporarily displaced several times in the decompression direction 22.

The line L2 describes the profile of the pressing force N according to the second embodiment of the first pressing step S5. According to a second embodiment, the punch 20 is continuously moved in the punching direction 21. The predetermination of the nominal displacement position is cancelled, so that the temporary displacement of the punch 20 in the decompression direction 22 is stopped.

As can be seen from the line L2, the punching force N in the case of the second exemplary embodiment drops significantly in the actual displacement range 25, even if the punch 20 is displaced in the punching direction 21. This is achieved in that cracks are formed in the material of the first protrusion 8. Upon crack formation, instead of further deforming, the material is sheared, in particular along the line 28 shown in fig. 2.

As can be seen from the line L1, in the first exemplary embodiment, the reduction in the punching force N hardly occurs in the actual movement position range 25. In this respect, crack formation is prevented or at least reduced in the first exemplary embodiment by the progressive stamping of the first elevation 8. This ultimately results in a more stable form-fitting connection 4 between the first component 2 and the second component 3.

The second punching step S6 is performed immediately after the first punching step S5.

The first member 2 has a plurality of second projections 26 adjacent to the first projections 8. As can be seen from fig. 1, the second projection 26 adjoins the annular first projection 8 radially from the outside. As can be seen in fig. 2, the second projection 26 and the first projection 8 are in the present case of one-piece construction. According to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, a total of five second projections 26 are provided, which are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the annular first projection 8.

In a second punching step S6, the punch 20 or another punch is pressed against the second projection 26 by a movement in the punching direction 21 in such a way that the size of the outer arch 15 of the first projection 8 is increased by plastic deformation of the second projection 26. Fig. 2 shows the device 1 before the second punching step S6 is carried out. If the second stamping step S6 is carried out on the basis of this illustration, the radial distance between the sleeve section 9 and the outer arch 15 is reduced and an outer arch projecting in the radial direction in the direction of the sleeve section 9 is also formed at the second projection 26.

The second punching step S6 is optional. According to another embodiment of the method, the second punching step S6 is eliminated and thus only the first punching step S5 is performed.

Claims

1. Method for connecting components, wherein a first component (2) having at least one first projection (8) is provided, wherein a second component (3) having at least one hook section (13) is provided, wherein the second component (3) is arranged on the first component (2) such that the hook section (13) adjoins the first projection (8), wherein a first punching step (S4) is carried out, and wherein, in the first punching step (S4), a punch (20) is pressed against the first projection (8) by a movement in the punching direction (21) such that the first projection (8) is plastically deformed with the formation of an outer arch (15) which engages behind the hook section (13) in order to positively connect the first component (2) to the second component (3), characterized in that the punch (20) is temporarily moved in a decompression direction (22) opposite to the punching direction (21) in the first punching step (S4), so as to temporarily reduce the punching force (N) acting on the first protrusion (8).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the punch (20) is temporarily moved in the first punching step (S4) so far towards the decompression direction (22) that the punching force (N) is released.

3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the punch (20) is temporarily moved in the pressure-reducing direction (22) a plurality of times in the first punching step (S4), wherein the punch (20) is moved in the punching direction (21) between a first movement in the pressure-reducing direction (22) and a subsequent second movement in the pressure-reducing direction (22).

4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actual displacement position of the plunger (20) is monitored, wherein at least one nominal displacement position (SS 1, SS2, SS 3) is predetermined, and wherein the plunger (20) is temporarily displaced in the decompression direction (22) upon detection of the actual displacement position corresponding to the nominal displacement position (SS 1, SS2, SS 3).

5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a profile of the pressing force (N) is determined, wherein the punch (20) is moved according to the profile.

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the slope of the curve is determined, wherein a maximum permissible threshold slope is predefined, and wherein the plunger (20) is temporarily moved in the decompression direction (22) when a negative slope exceeding the threshold slope occurs.

7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first component (2) is provided having at least one second projection (26) adjoining the first projection (8), wherein a second punching step (S5) is carried out next to the first punching step (S4), in which the punch (20) or a further punch is pressed against the second projection (26) by a movement in the punching direction (21) in such a way that the size of the outer arch structure (15) is increased by plastic deformation of the second projection (26).

8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first component (2) is provided having a first protrusion (8) in the shape of a ring.

9. Method according to claim 8, wherein a second component (3) having a sleeve section (9) is provided, wherein a free end (10) of the sleeve section (9) has a hook section (13) which projects from the free end (10) radially outwards with respect to a longitudinal mid-axis (14) of the sleeve section (9), and wherein the second component (3) is arranged at the first component (2) such that the annular first projection (8) surrounds the sleeve section (9).

10. Device with a first component (2) and a second component (3) connected to the first component (2), characterized in that the first and second components (2, 3) are connected to each other by a method according to any of the preceding claims.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the device (1) is a hydraulic assembly (1) for a brake system, wherein the first component (2) is configured as a hydraulic block (2) and the second component (3) is configured as a pressure generating unit (3).

12. Device for connecting components by means of stamping, with: a movably supported punch (20) and a controllable motor (23) which is coupled to the punch (20) in such a way that the punch (20) can be moved by means of the motor (23), characterized by a control device (24) which is provided in particular for controlling the motor (23) in such a way that the device (18) performs a first punching step according to one of claims 1 to 9.