CN113877893A - Method for laser cleaning of cadmium coating on surface of workpiece and laser cleaning device - Google Patents
Method for laser cleaning of cadmium coating on surface of workpiece and laser cleaning device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113877893A CN113877893A CN202110965069.8A CN202110965069A CN113877893A CN 113877893 A CN113877893 A CN 113877893A CN 202110965069 A CN202110965069 A CN 202110965069A CN 113877893 A CN113877893 A CN 113877893A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cleaning cadmium plating on the surface of a workpiece by laser and a laser cleaning device, wherein the cadmium plating on the surface of the workpiece is cleaned by the laser with the laser output power of less than or equal to 100W, the laser output repetition frequency of 100-1000kHz, the laser pulse width of 12-500ns, the laser spot overlapping rate of less than or equal to 50 percent and the laser single pulse energy of less than or equal to 0.5mJ, and the laser cleaning frequency is more than or equal to 8 times. The method can fully clean the cadmium plating layer on the surface layer of the workpiece without causing overburning phenomenon to the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser cleaning, in particular to a method for cleaning a cadmium coating on the surface of a workpiece by laser and a laser cleaning device.
Background
The cadmium plating layer is a commonly adopted protective plating layer, plays a role in corrosion protection on a metal matrix, is also a main process for the service corrosion protection of airplanes and ships in the marine environment, and is widely applied to key parts of the structure. However, the cadmium plating layer can be damaged or failed under extreme conditions, such as mechanical damage, potential corrosion of dissimilar metals, and corrosion consumption of the cadmium plating layer as an anodic plating layer under severe environment to protect the metal matrix material from being damaged.
When the cadmium plating layer is damaged, the corrosion protection performance of the cadmium plating layer is reduced or fails, and the cadmium plating layer needs to be maintained periodically to recover the corrosion protection function of the cadmium plating layer so as to avoid the corrosion damage of the metal matrix metal material. Before the cadmium plating layer is recovered, the repaired surface needs to be cleaned, the residual cadmium plating layer is thoroughly removed to expose the fresh metal surface of the matrix, and because the binding force between the cadmium plating layer and the metal matrix material is higher than that of other adhesion layers such as a paint layer, an oxidation layer and the like, the cadmium plating layer is difficult to remove, and the cadmium plating removal method comprises the following steps: (1) chemical stripping method, which utilizes the mechanism that cadmium metal is dissolved in acid to strip cadmium plating layer in acid solution; (2) electrolytic stripping method, in the anode cell composed of specific electrolyte, cadmium is precipitated and separated out on the anode; (3) the polishing removal method is to remove the cadmium coating from the surface of the metal substrate by a mechanical method such as polishing. However, the method for removing the cadmium plating layer has the following defects: (1) the chemical method and the electrolytic method need to put the whole part into a deplating tank, are only suitable for detachable parts and cannot be implemented for large-scale products or structural parts; (2) the cadmium in the cadmium-containing wastewater is a highly toxic substance, the cadmium-containing wastewater is strictly controlled by environmental protection policies, and the cadmium-containing deplating solution can be discharged only when the cadmium content is lower than monitoring indexes after sewage treatment; (3) the high-strength steel generally adopted by the structural part can not be contacted with an acidic solution or can not be used with an acidic chemical removal solution, so that the mechanical influence of hydrogen embrittlement on the structural strength is prevented.
No solution is known in the prior art for laser cleaning workpieces having cadmium coatings.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for cleaning a cadmium coating on the surface of a workpiece by laser and a laser cleaning device, which can fully clean the cadmium coating on the surface of the workpiece without causing overburning influence on a base material below the cadmium coating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
on the one hand, the method for cleaning the cadmium coating on the surface of the workpiece by using the laser is provided, the cadmium coating on the surface of the workpiece is cleaned by using the laser with the laser output power of less than or equal to 100W, the laser output repetition frequency of 100-1000kHz, the laser pulse width of 12-500ns, the laser spot overlapping rate of less than or equal to 50% and the laser single pulse energy of less than or equal to 0.5mJ, and the laser cleaning frequency is more than or equal to 8 times.
Preferably, the laser output power is 10-50W.
Preferably, the laser spot overlapping rate is 30-50%.
Preferably, the scanning speed of the laser is 2500-.
Preferably, the single pulse energy of the laser is 0.1 to 0.5 mJ.
Preferably, the filling interval of the laser is 0.01-0.05 mm.
Preferably, the cadmium plating layer comprises a passivation layer on the surface of the cadmium plating layer.
Preferably, the workpiece is a steel workpiece.
Preferably, the laser light is generated and emitted by a nanosecond high-gauss beam fiber laser.
On the other hand, the laser cleaning device capable of realizing the method comprises a laser, wherein the laser can generate laser with the laser output power less than or equal to 100W, the laser output repetition frequency of 100-1000kHz, the laser pulse width of 12-500ns and the laser spot overlapping rate of less than or equal to 50%, and the laser single pulse energy of less than or equal to 0.5 mJ.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by reasonably configuring important parameters such as laser output power, laser output repetition frequency, laser pulse width, laser single pulse energy, laser spot lap joint rate, laser scanning times, filling space, laser scanning speed and the like, the cadmium coating can be effectively cleaned, the surface of a metal substrate material cannot be over-burnt, the quality of the cleaned workpiece meets the standard, the operation is simple, no pollution is caused, and the cleaning efficiency of the cadmium coating on the surface of the workpiece such as a steel sheet is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an operation interface of comparative example 1 in the invention when EDS is used to obtain elements in a steel workpiece cleaning area;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the elemental composition of a cleaned area of a steel workpiece of comparative example 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an operation interface of comparative example 2 in the invention when EDS is used to obtain elements in a steel workpiece cleaning area;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the elemental composition of a cleaned area of a steel workpiece of comparative example 2 after cleaning in accordance with the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for cleaning a cadmium coating on a workpiece surface by using laser, which is specifically characterized in that the cadmium coating on the workpiece surface is cleaned by using laser with the laser output power of 50W, the laser output repetition frequency of 100kHz, the laser pulse width of 12ns, the laser spot overlapping rate of 10%, the laser single pulse energy of 0.5mJ, the laser scanning speed of 3500mm/s and the filling interval (namely the center distance between two adjacent laser spots in the same laser scanning direction) of 0.05mm, a yellowish green passivation layer is arranged on the surface of the cadmium coating, the main element is chromium, and the laser scanning, namely the laser cleaning times, is 9 times.
In this embodiment, the workpiece is a steel workpiece, and includes a substrate, a cadmium plating layer, and a passivation layer on the surface of the cadmium plating layer, where the thickness of the cadmium plating layer is 15 μm; further, the laser light is generated and emitted by a nanosecond Gaussian beam fiber laser.
Example 2:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 only in that the laser parameters are: the method comprises the steps of cleaning a cadmium coating on the surface of a workpiece by laser with the laser output power of 100W, the laser output repetition frequency of 1000kHz, the laser pulse width of 500ns, the laser spot overlapping rate of 30%, the laser single pulse energy of 0.1mJ, the laser scanning speed of 2500mm/s and the filling interval of 0.01mm, wherein a yellow-green passivation layer is arranged on the surface of the cadmium coating, the main element is chromium, and the laser scanning, namely the laser cleaning times are 10 times.
Example 3:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 only in that the laser parameters are: the laser output power is 30W, the laser output repetition frequency is 100kHz, the laser pulse width is 100ns, the laser spot overlapping rate is 50%, the laser single pulse energy is 0.3mJ, the laser scanning speed is 2500mm/s, the filling space is 0.045mm, and the laser cleaning times are 8 times.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a laser cleaning device capable of realizing the method, which comprises a laser, wherein the laser can generate laser with the laser output power less than or equal to 100W, the laser output repetition frequency of 100-1000kHz, the laser pulse width of 12-500ns and the laser spot overlapping rate of less than or equal to 50%, and the laser single pulse energy is less than or equal to 0.5 mJ.
The following is the test process and results of the cadmium plating cleaning of the workpiece surface by the method of the invention.
1.1 test cleaning object characteristics and cleaning strategy analysis thereof
The workpiece to be tested was a steel sheet (hereinafter referred to as "workpiece"), which, as shown in FIG. 1, included a 17-7PH grade substrate, having dimensions of 100mm × 100mm and a thickness of 1 mm; the surface of the cadmium plating layer is provided with a yellow-green passivation layer. The cadmium plating thickness was 15.840 μm as measured by an astronomical EC-770 model paint film thickness gauge.
And (2) analyzing the element content of the surface of the cleaned steel sheet by adopting an SEM (scanning Electron microscope) and EDS (electronic Desorption system) technology (namely scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy spectrum analysis), and adopting a cleaning strategy of scanning laser for multiple times and cleaning for multiple times in a subsequent cleaning test, wherein the better the cleaning effect of the cadmium-plated layer is, the less the content of the residual cadmium element on the surface of the steel sheet is.
1.2 evaluation of laser cleaning Performance
The following items are mainly detected on the cleaned workpiece by integrating the item requirements.
1.2.1 surface cleanliness
After the cadmium coating on the surface of a workpiece is cleaned for 8 times by adopting the parameter settings that the laser output power is 30W, the laser output repetition frequency is 100kHz, the laser pulse width is 100ns, the laser spot overlap ratio is 50%, the laser single pulse energy is 0.3mJ, the laser scanning speed is 2500mm/s and the filling space is 0.045mm, the surface cleanliness is observed under a 10-time microscope, and compared with an uncleaned surface, the cleaned surface has no pollutant adhesion, and has no trace of surface blackening caused by obvious distortion and overburning phenomena.
Comparative example 1 was also set up: after the cadmium coating on the surface of the workpiece is cleaned for 8 times by adopting the parameter settings that the laser output power is 50W, the laser output repetition frequency is 1000kHz, the laser pulse width is 10ns, the laser spot overlapping rate is 70%, the laser single pulse energy is 0.05mJ, the laser scanning speed is 1500mm/s and the filling space is 0.01mm, the surface cleanliness is observed under a 10-time microscope, and the surface blackening caused by the overburning phenomenon is found on the surface of the workpiece.
1.2.2 depth of removal
After the cadmium coating on the surface of a workpiece is cleaned for 8 times by adopting the parameter settings of 30W of laser output power, 100kHz of laser output repetition frequency, 100ns of laser pulse width, 50% of laser spot overlapping rate, 0.3mJ of laser single pulse energy, 2500mm/s of laser scanning speed and 0.045mm of filling space, a laser confocal instrument is adopted to carry out removal depth detection on each cleaned area. The detection result showed that the removal depth was 15.04. mu.m.
1.2.3 component analysis
The method comprises the steps of cleaning a workpiece surface coating for 8 times by adopting the parameter settings of 30W of laser output power, 100kHz of laser output repetition frequency, 100ns of laser pulse width, 50% of laser spot overlapping rate, 0.3mJ of laser single pulse energy, 2500mm/s of laser scanning speed and 0.045mm of filling space, and detecting the component composition of the cleaned workpiece surface by adopting an electron back scattering spectrum, as shown in figures 1 and 2, finding that the workpiece surface is mainly composed of elements such as iron, chromium and carbon after laser cleaning, and the weight percentage of cadmium element is reduced to 1.86%, which indicates that the cadmium coating on the workpiece surface is effectively cleaned, and combining an electronic image obtained by a scanning electron microscope, so that the microstructure of the workpiece surface is uniform.
Comparative example 2 was also set up: the method comprises the steps of cleaning a workpiece surface coating for 6 times by adopting the parameter settings of 10W of laser output power, 100kHz of laser output repetition frequency, 100ns of laser pulse width, 10% of laser spot overlapping rate, 0.1mJ of laser single pulse energy, 4500mm/s of laser scanning speed and 0.045mm of filling space, detecting the component composition of the cleaned workpiece surface by adopting an electron back scattering spectrum as shown in figures 3 and 4, finding that the cadmium element content is still very high after laser cleaning and the weight percentage of the cadmium element is 92.41%, indicating that a cadmium coating is not completely removed, and combining an electronic image obtained by a scanning electron microscope, wherein the microstructure of the workpiece surface is not ideal.
In conclusion, the cleaning method can effectively clean the cadmium coating on the surface of the workpiece through laser, can not cause the surface of the metal substrate material to generate an overburning phenomenon, ensures that the quality of the cleaned workpiece meets the standard, has simple cleaning operation and no pollution, and is beneficial to greatly improving the cleaning efficiency of the surface coatings of the aluminum alloy workpiece and the like.
It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cleaning cadmium coating on workpiece surface by laser is characterized in that the cadmium coating on workpiece surface is cleaned by laser with laser output power less than or equal to 100W, laser output repetition frequency of 100-1000kHz, laser pulse width of 12-500ns, laser spot lap-joint rate less than or equal to 50% and laser single pulse energy less than or equal to 0.5mJ, and the laser cleaning frequency is more than or equal to 8 times.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser output power is 10-50W.
3. The method of laser cleaning a cadmium plating layer on a surface of a workpiece of claim 1 wherein said laser spot overlap ratio is between 30% and 50%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning speed of the laser is 2500-3500 mm/s.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser has a single pulse energy of 0.1 to 0.5 mJ.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser has a fill pitch of 0.01 to 0.05 mm.
7. The method for laser cleaning a cadmium plating layer on a surface of a workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the cadmium plating layer comprises a passivation layer on the surface of the cadmium plating layer.
8. The method of laser cleaning a cadmium coating on a surface of a workpiece of claim 1, wherein the workpiece is a steel workpiece.
9. The method of laser cleaning cadmium plating on a surface of a workpiece of claim 1 wherein said laser is generated and emitted by a nanosecond high-gauss beam fiber laser.
10. A laser cleaning device capable of realizing the method for cleaning the cadmium coating on the surface of the workpiece by the laser as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising a laser, wherein the laser can generate the laser with the laser output power less than or equal to 100W, the laser output repetition frequency of 100-1000kHz, the laser pulse width of 12-500ns and the laser spot overlapping rate of less than or equal to 50%, and the laser single pulse energy is less than or equal to 0.5 mJ.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114985939A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for removing paint on surface of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material containing conductive layer |
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| CN111940423A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-17 | 武汉金顿激光科技有限公司 | In-situ laser cleaning method for non-conductive composite coating of airplane |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN103501926A (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2014-01-08 | 斯奈克玛 | Method for cleaning and stripping turboshaft engine blade using pulsed laser |
| US20140082939A1 (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2014-03-27 | Snecma | Method for cleaning and stripping a turboshaft engine blade using a pulsed laser |
| CN108325948A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-07-27 | 上海君屹工业自动化股份有限公司 | A kind of laser cleaning method of aero-engine titanium alloy parts oxide layer |
| CN110385313A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-29 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | High power laser light cleaning system based on laser array and bundling optical fiber |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114985939A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for removing paint on surface of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material containing conductive layer |
| CN114985939B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-08-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Surface paint removal method for carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material containing conductive layer |
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Application publication date: 20220104 |