CN113873739A - System based on proton irradiation Ni and preparation method of high-purity Ni target - Google Patents
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 6
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- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010018498 Goitre Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037273 Pathologic Processes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-OUBTZVSYSA-N Technetium-99 Chemical compound [99Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UBRKOFTGSA-N [123I][123I] Chemical compound [123I][123I] PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UBRKOFTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H6/00—Targets for producing nuclear reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H2242/00—Auxiliary systems
- H05H2242/10—Cooling arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H2277/00—Applications of particle accelerators
- H05H2277/10—Medical devices
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system based on proton irradiation Ni, which comprises a high-purity Ni target, a proton accelerator used for carrying out proton source irradiation on the high-purity Ni target, and a cooling mechanism used for cooling the Ni target. The invention also mainly provides a preparation method of the high-purity Ni target. The invention solves the problems of low Ni target preparation efficiency, low cooling capacity, low production efficiency, high economic cost and the like in the prior art by using the Ni target irradiation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear technology and nuclear medicine application, in particular to a system based on proton irradiation Ni and a preparation method of a high-purity Ni target.
Background
The medical radionuclide is a radionuclide containing radioactivity used for medical diagnosis, treatment and disease research, and is suitable for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Over 4 million people worldwide receive medical radioisotope diagnosis (90%) or treatment (10%) annually. The radioactive medicine is a special medicine containing radioactive nuclide for medical diagnosis and treatment, and mainly refers to a compound or biological preparation containing radioactive nuclide label for medical diagnosis or treatment in the body. Radiopharmaceuticals are important components of nuclear medicine, and they are widely used in diagnosis and treatment of cancer, myocardial imaging and diagnosis of heart diseases, and status monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the special half-life of radiopharmaceuticals, the drugs will gradually "disappear" in a short time or over a certain period of time, depending on the species. Radiopharmaceuticals are classified into diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals according to their use. The radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis can be divided into single photon radiopharmaceuticals and positron radiopharmaceuticals which are respectively used as imaging agents of a single photon tomography (SPECT) or a Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the functions and metabolic processes of the radiopharmaceuticals in living bodies are researched on the molecular level, the rapid, nondestructive and real-time imaging of physiological and pathological processes is realized, and the technical support is provided for the real early diagnosis and timely treatment. 99mTc has a suitable energy gamma ray (140keV) and a half-life (T1/2: 6.02h), and therefore, has low radiation damage and good imaging resolution, and is widely used for SPECT diagnosis of various diseases such as heart, brain, kidney, bone, lung, and thyroid gland. Worldwide 99mTc marker drugs are used for nuclear medicine diagnosis more than 3000 ten thousand times per year, accounting for 80% of the worldwide nuclear medicine clinical diagnosis drugs. More than 80% of technetium [99mTc ] and its labeled compound in nuclide medicine for diagnosis; with the popularization and application of PET/CT imaging instruments, the application of positron radioactive nuclides such as fluorine [18F ], copper [64Cu ], gallium [68Ga ], zirconium [89Zr ] and iodine [123I ] is increasing year by year.
The radioactive medicine for treatment is mainly characterized in that a radioactive isotope is directly introduced into a focus through a targeting medicine, and beta rays or alpha rays generated by the decay of a nuclide are utilized to irradiate focus cancer cells, so that pathological cell tissues are inhibited or destroyed, and the treatment purpose is achieved. For example, 131I is one of the radioactive isotopes used for the earliest treatment of diseases, accounts for about 90 percent of nuclear medicine treatment medicines, and can treat diseases such as thyroid hyperplasia and the like; 89Sr is a radiopharmaceutical with bone affinity, is used for relieving bone pain caused by bone metastasis cancer, and has good long-acting analgesic effect; 68Ga and 177Lu are currently the most promising and market-active targeted radiodiagnosis and treatment integrated nuclides; 223Ra is the first clinical treatment alpha nuclide approved by FDA and EMA, and is mainly used for treating various cancers accompanied with bone metastasis symptoms but without visceral metastasis.
Medical radionuclides are produced today primarily by reactors and accelerators, and are available in part by radionuclide generators and nuclear fuel reprocessing. The latter two are also actually extracted by the reactor, the accelerator or the spent nuclear fuel in the reactor.
The accelerator mainly produces neutron-deficient radionuclides, is another important mode for producing radioactive isotopes, and makes up the defects of the species of the radionuclides to a great extent. Currently, accelerator-producible radionuclide species account for over 60% of the known radionuclide species. However, although 130 cyclotron systems exist in China, 18F is mainly produced, and a target preparation system, a target irradiation cooling system, an isotope separation and purification system and the like for batch production of other medical nuclides are mainly lacked, so that research and development of novel radiopharmaceuticals are seriously influenced. Due to the shortage of medical radionuclides, particularly the shortage of short-life medical radionuclides, the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of patients and the normal medication and the healthy development of nuclear medicine in China are greatly influenced. Therefore, in order to realize the autonomous and large-scale production supply of the medical nuclide, the development of core equipment for producing the medical nuclide based on an accelerator is carried out, new materials and production process flows are perfected and developed, the automation and remote control of the whole process are realized by matching with a computer technology, the development trend of the field of medical isotope production is realized, the emission of radioactive wastes is reduced, and the equipment and process for producing the medical isotope in China have an important function.
Therefore, how to ensure the stable supply of medical isotope is a great problem in medical diagnosis and treatment using medical radionuclide, which mainly provides stable Ni target.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a system based on proton irradiation Ni and a preparation method of a high-purity Ni target piece, so as to solve the problems of low Ni target preparation efficiency, low cooling capacity, low production efficiency, high economic cost and the like in the prior art of Ni target irradiation method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a system for irradiating Ni based on protons is characterized by comprising a high-purity Ni target, a proton accelerator for irradiating the high-purity Ni target with a proton source, and a cooling mechanism for cooling the Ni target.
Further, the preparation method of the high-purity Ni target comprises the following steps:
the method is characterized in that (NH4)2NiSO4 is used as electrolyte, a high-purity gold gasket is used as a cathode in an electrolysis device, a high-purity platinum wire is used as an anode, the electrolysis voltage is 2.5V, the electrolysis voltage is 15-25 mA, and the electroplating time is 12-60 h.
Further, the preparation method of the electrolyte (NH4)2NiSO4 comprises the following steps:
dissolving Ni target with 6mol/L HNO3 solution to generate Ni (NO3)2, heating and evaporating to dry in vacuum environment;
dissolving the residue Ni (NO3)2 into H2SO4 solution to generate NiSO4, and heating, evaporating and drying in a vacuum environment;
NiSO4 was dissolved in ammonia NH4OH to produce (NH4)2Ni (SO4)2 solution.
Further, the preparation method of the Ni target comprises the following steps:
putting the electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell, using a gold disc as a cathode and a high-purity platinum wire as an anode, wherein the electrolytic voltage is 2.5V and the electrolytic current is 20 mA; meanwhile, continuously dropping NH4OH solution during the electroplating process, maintaining the pH of the electrolyte at 9, and observing that the color of the electrolyte gradually changes from green to colorless to complete the electrolysis.
Further, the electrolytic cell is circular, the diameter of the electrolytic cell is 12mm, and the depth of the electrolytic cell is 0.2 mm.
Further, the method also comprises the step of detecting the Ni target piece, which comprises scanning the Ni target by adopting an electron microscope SEM and determining the structural uniformity of the target; measuring impurity components in the Ni target by using an electron microscope and energy dispersive X-rays; the thickness of the Ni target on the gold plate was measured by an alpha-step apparatus.
Further, the energy of the proton emitted by the proton accelerator is less than 20MeV, and the power of the proton accelerator is 2 kW.
Furthermore, the back of the Ni target is cooled by water, and the front of the Ni target is cooled by helium.
Furthermore, an included angle exists between the Ni target piece and the irradiation section of the proton accelerator.
By the scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages:
in the electroplating process of the invention, NH is required to be dropped4OH to prevent H2Competition with Ni;
the invention adopts the design technology of the bevel angle, which can effectively increase the target area, thereby effectively reducing the power density on the unit target and reducing the cooling requirement of the target;
the invention adopts a water cooling and air cooling double cooling mode, and can effectively reduce the target cooling temperature.
The foregoing is a summary of the present invention, and in order to provide a clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to be implemented in accordance with the present specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a system based on proton irradiation Ni, which comprises a high-purity Ni target, a proton accelerator used for carrying out proton source irradiation on the high-purity Ni target and a cooling mechanism used for cooling the Ni target.
The preparation method of the high-purity Ni target piece comprises the following steps:
with 6mol/L HNO3The solution dissolves the Ni target to produce Ni (NO)3)2Heating, evaporating and drying in a vacuum environment; in a specific operation, HNO3The solution may be in excess and filtered to obtain Ni (NO)3)2Then, the mixture was washed with distilled water and evaporated under vacuum.
The residue Ni (NO)3)2Is dissolved in H2SO4In solution, NiSO is generated4Heating, evaporating and drying in a vacuum environment; in specific operation, Ni (NO)3)2And H2SO4Mixing according to the molar ratio of 1:1, filtering after reaction to obtain NiSO4. Washing with distilled water, heating under vacuum, evaporating, and drying.
Mixing NiSO4Dissolved in ammonia water NH4In OH, (NH) is formed4)2Ni(SO4)2And (3) solution.
Will (NH4)2NiSO4As an electrolyte, a high-purity gold gasket is used as a cathode in an electrolysis device, a high-purity platinum wire is used as an anode, the electrolysis voltage is 2.5V, the electrolysis voltage is 15-25 mA, and the electroplating time is 12-60 h.
The more specific method is as follows: putting the electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell, using a gold disc as a cathode and a high-purity platinum wire as an anode, wherein the electrolytic voltage is 2.5V and the electrolytic current is 20 mA; meanwhile, continuously dropping NH4OH solution during the electroplating process, maintaining the pH of the electrolyte at 9, and observing that the color of the electrolyte gradually changes from green to colorless to complete the electrolysis.
The cell is circular with a diameter of 12mm and a depth of 0.2mm, the cell surface being smooth.
-also comprising the detection of said Ni target, evaluating the Ni solid target quality by physical techniques to determine homogeneity, mainly including target thickness, target composition and structure. Scanning a Ni target by adopting an electron microscope SEM, and determining the structural uniformity of the target; measuring impurity components in the Ni target by using an electron microscope and energy dispersive X-rays; the thickness of the Ni target on the gold plate was measured by an alpha-step apparatus.
-the proton accelerator emits protons at an energy of less than 20MeV and the proton accelerator power is 2 kW.
The back of the Ni target is cooled by water, and the front of the Ni target is cooled by helium, so that the target cooling temperature can be effectively reduced.
The Ni target piece and the irradiation section of the proton accelerator form an included angle, and the included angle forms an inclined plane, so that the target area can be effectively increased, the power density on a unit target can be effectively reduced, and the target cooling requirement can be reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A system for irradiating Ni based on protons is characterized by comprising a high-purity Ni target, a proton accelerator for irradiating the high-purity Ni target with a proton source, and a cooling mechanism for cooling the Ni target.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the high-purity Ni target is prepared by:
by (NH)4)2NiSO4As an electrolyte, a high-purity gold gasket is used as a cathode in an electrolysis device, a high-purity platinum wire is used as an anode, the electrolysis voltage is 2.5V, the electrolysis voltage is 15-25 mA, and the electroplating time is 12-60 h.
3. The system for proton irradiation of Ni as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrolyte (NH)4)2NiSO4The preparation method comprises the following steps:
with 6mol/L HNO3The solution dissolves the Ni target to produce Ni (NO)3)2Heating, evaporating and drying in a vacuum environment;
the residue Ni (NO)3)2Is dissolved in H2SO4In solution, NiSO is generated4Heating, evaporating and drying in a vacuum environment;
mixing NiSO4Dissolved in ammonia water NH4In OH, (NH4)2Ni (SO4)2 solution was formed.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the Ni target is prepared by:
loading the electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell, using a gold disk as a cathode and a high-purity platinum wire as an anode, and electrolyzingThe voltage is 2.5V, and the electrolytic current is 20 mA; simultaneously continuously dropping NH in the electroplating process4OH solution, maintaining the pH of the electrolyte at 9, and observing the gradual change of the color of the electrolyte from green to colorless to complete the electrolysis.
5. The system for irradiating Ni based on protons as recited in claim 4, wherein the electrolytic cell is circular with a diameter of 12mm and a depth of 0.2 mm.
6. The system of claim 5, further comprising performing an inspection of the Ni target by scanning the Ni target with an electron microscope SEM to determine structural uniformity of the target; measuring impurity components in the Ni target by using an electron microscope and energy dispersive X-rays; the thickness of the Ni target on the gold plate was measured by an alpha-step apparatus.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is based on proton irradiation of Ni: the energy of the proton emitted by the proton accelerator is less than 20MeV, and the power of the proton accelerator is 2 kW.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is based on proton irradiation of Ni: the back of the Ni target is cooled in a water cooling mode, and the front of the Ni target is cooled by helium.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is based on proton irradiation of Ni: an included angle exists between the Ni target piece and the irradiation section of the proton accelerator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110961214.5A CN113873739A (en) | 2021-08-20 | 2021-08-20 | System based on proton irradiation Ni and preparation method of high-purity Ni target |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110961214.5A CN113873739A (en) | 2021-08-20 | 2021-08-20 | System based on proton irradiation Ni and preparation method of high-purity Ni target |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6011825A (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 2000-01-04 | Washington University | Production of 64 Cu and other radionuclides using a charged-particle accelerator |
| EP1883079A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-30 | Comecer S.p.A. | Procedure for the preparation of radioisotopes |
| CN106531278A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-03-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Irradiated target containing Np-237 used for producing Pu-238 by means of research reactor irradiation |
| CN108155079A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-12 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | For the X ray target assembly in scanning electron microscope |
-
2021
- 2021-08-20 CN CN202110961214.5A patent/CN113873739A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6011825A (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 2000-01-04 | Washington University | Production of 64 Cu and other radionuclides using a charged-particle accelerator |
| EP1883079A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-30 | Comecer S.p.A. | Procedure for the preparation of radioisotopes |
| CN106531278A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-03-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Irradiated target containing Np-237 used for producing Pu-238 by means of research reactor irradiation |
| CN108155079A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-12 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | For the X ray target assembly in scanning electron microscope |
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