CN113873050A

CN113873050A - Method, device and system for expanding IP address

Info

Publication number: CN113873050A
Application number: CN202010622848.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于德雷; 胡士辉; 何子键; 李广鹏; 任首首; 陈哲
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-30
Filing date: 2020-06-30
Publication date: 2021-12-31

Abstract

The application provides an IP address expansion method, a device and a system, comprising: a first device sends a query request containing a target website to a DNS, receives a response message sent by the DNS, wherein the response message comprises a first IP address of a second device corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address; generating a communication message, wherein the communication message carries a second IP address, and the second IP address is obtained by performing left complementing and/or right complementing on the first IP address; and sending the communication message to a route forwarding device, so that the route forwarding device forwards the communication message to the second device according to the completion. The method effectively solves the problems that the existing IP address has weak degree of freedom and can not be expanded by performing left supplement and/or right supplement on the original IP address, so that the applied IP address has higher degree of freedom, more available IP addresses and higher continuity.

Description

Method, device and system for expanding IP address

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a system for expanding an IP address.

Background

At present, the process of address application by a user is generally that the user applies for an address block from an international organization, for example, the applied address block is 201.1.1.0/24, and the number of addresses that can be used by the user is 256, that is, from 201.1.1.0 to 201.1.1.255. The user needs to publish 201.1.1.0/24 routes into the internet so that associated hosts in the internet can communicate with hosts having addresses in 201.1.1.0/24.

When the address requested by the user is not enough, such as 201.1.1.0/24, the user needs to request the international organization again, such as 161.1.0.0/16. At this point, the user needs to again publish 161.1.0.0/16 routes to the Internet.

However, the above-described method has the following problems: the user lacks the freedom of address use and allocation for the applied address block. In addition, when the user applies for the second address block after the first address block is not enough, the second address block and the first address block are difficult to be continuous, and new address blocks need to be issued again.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides an information transmission method and equipment, which are used for providing a more flexible and free IP address allocation scheme.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an IP address expansion method, including: a first device sends a query request to a Domain Name System (DNS), wherein the query request comprises a target website to be accessed by the first device; the first device receives a response message sent by the DNS, wherein the response message is used for responding to the query request, and the response message comprises a first IP address of a second device corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address; the first device generates a communication message with the second device, a destination IP address field in the communication message bears a second IP address of the second device, and the second IP address is obtained by performing left supplement and/or right supplement on the first IP address according to a mode of shifting the first IP address to supplement an address bit; and the first equipment sends the communication message to route forwarding equipment so that the route forwarding equipment completes the forwarding of the communication message to the second equipment according to the second IP address.

Based on the scheme, the embodiment of the application can perform left compensation and/or right compensation on the original IP address by adding the extension field under the condition that the address length of the existing IPv4 is fixed and cannot be expanded, can provide a mode for smoothly expanding the IPv4 address, effectively solves the problems that the existing IP address is weak in degree of freedom and cannot be expanded, and enables the applied IP address to be higher in degree of freedom, more in available IP addresses and higher in continuity.

In a possible implementation manner, the DNS stores a correspondence relationship between the destination address, the first IP address of the second device, and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit from the first IP address; the mode comprises one or more of a left complement address bit, a right complement address bit, a left complement address length and a right complement address length.

Based on the scheme, in the embodiment of the application, the corresponding relation among the target website, the first IP address and the manner of shifting the first IP address by the supplemental address bit is stored in the DNS, so that the IP address expansion device can determine the expanded destination address according to the information stored in the DNS when transmitting a message.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an IP address expansion method, including:

a first device sends a query request to a Domain Name System (DNS), wherein the query request comprises a target website to be accessed by the first device; the first device receives a response message sent by the DNS, wherein the response message is used for responding to the query request, and the response message comprises a first IP address of a second device corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address; the first device generates a communication message with the second device, and a destination IP address field in the communication message bears a first IP address of the second device and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address; and the first equipment sends the communication message to route forwarding equipment so that the route forwarding equipment determines a second IP address of the second equipment according to the first IP address and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit to the first IP address, and completes the forwarding of the communication message to the second equipment according to the second IP address.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an IP address expansion method, including: a Domain Name System (DNS) receives a query request sent by first equipment, wherein the query request comprises a target website to be accessed by the first equipment; the DNS generates a response message for responding to the query request, wherein the response message comprises a first IP address of second equipment corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address; the DNS sends the response message to the first device.

Based on the scheme, the embodiment of the application can perform left supplement and/or right supplement on the original IP address by adding the extension field under the condition that the address length of the existing IPv4 is fixed and cannot be extended, so that a mode for smoothly extending the IPv4 address is provided, the problems that the existing IP address is weak in degree of freedom and cannot be extended are effectively solved, the degree of freedom of the applied IP address is higher, the available IP addresses are more, and the continuity is higher.

In a possible implementation manner, the generating, by the DNS, a response message for responding to the query request may specifically include: the DNS queries the corresponding relation according to a target website to be accessed by the first equipment and contained in the query request to obtain a first IP address of second equipment corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address; and the DNS carries the obtained first IP address and a mode of shifting the first IP address by a supplementary address bit in a response message for responding the query request.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an IP address expansion method, including: a route forwarding device receives a communication message from a first device, wherein a destination IP address field in the communication message bears a first IP address of a second device and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit to the first IP address; the route forwarding equipment determines a second IP address of the second equipment, wherein the second IP address is obtained by performing left supplement and/or right supplement on the first IP address according to a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit on the first IP address; and the routing forwarding equipment completes the forwarding of the communication message to the second equipment according to the second IP address.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an IP expansion apparatus, where the apparatus has a function of implementing the first device in the foregoing embodiment. The function can be realized by hardware, and can also be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the above functions.

In a possible implementation manner, the IP address expansion apparatus may be the first device, or a component, such as a chip or a chip system or a circuit, which may be used for the first device, and the IP address expansion apparatus may include: a transceiver and a processor. The processor may be configured to support the IP address expansion apparatus to perform the respective functions of the first device shown above, and the transceiver is configured to support communication between the IP address expansion apparatus and other devices (e.g., a second device, a DNS, and a route forwarding device).

Optionally, the IP expansion device may further comprise a memory, which may be coupled to the processor, that retains the necessary program instructions and data for the IP expansion device. The transceiver may be a separate receiver, a separate transmitter, a transceiver with integrated transceiving function, or an interface circuit.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an IP expansion device, which has a function of implementing the DNS in the foregoing embodiment. The function can be realized by hardware, and can also be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the above functions.

In a possible implementation, the IP address expansion apparatus may be the DNS, or a component, such as a chip or a chip system or a circuit, which may be used for the DNS, and the IP address expansion apparatus may include: a transceiver and a processor. The processor may be configured to support the IP address expansion apparatus to perform the respective functions of the DNS shown above, and the transceiver is configured to support communication between the IP address expansion apparatus and another device (e.g., the first device).

In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an IP expansion apparatus, where the IP expansion apparatus has a function of implementing the route forwarding device in the foregoing embodiment. The function can be realized by hardware, and can also be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the above functions.

In a possible implementation manner, the IP address expansion apparatus may be the route forwarding device, or a component, such as a chip or a system-on-chip or a circuit, which may be used in the route forwarding device, and the IP address expansion apparatus may include: a transceiver and a processor. The processor may be configured to support the IP address expansion apparatus to perform the corresponding functions of the route forwarding device shown above, and the transceiver is configured to support communication between the IP address expansion apparatus and other devices (e.g., the first device, the second device).

In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an IP address expansion apparatus, where the IP address expansion apparatus is a first device;

in one possible implementation, the apparatus may include:

the receiving and sending module is used for sending a query request to a Domain Name System (DNS), wherein the query request comprises a target website to be accessed by the first equipment; receiving a response message sent by the DNS, wherein the response message is used for responding to the query request, and the response message comprises a first IP address of second equipment corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address;

a processing module, configured to generate a communication packet with the second device, where a destination IP address field in the communication packet carries a second IP address of the second device, and the second IP address is obtained by performing left and/or right address bit supplementation on the first IP address according to a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit on the first IP address;

the transceiver module is further configured to send the communication packet to a route forwarding device, so that the route forwarding device completes forwarding of the communication packet to the second device according to the second IP address.

In another possible implementation, the apparatus may include:

a processing module, configured to generate a communication packet with the second device, where a destination IP address field in the communication packet carries a first IP address of the second device and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address;

the transceiver module is further configured to send the communication packet to a route forwarding device, so that the route forwarding device determines a second IP address of the second device according to the first IP address and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address, and completes forwarding of the communication packet to the second device according to the second IP address.

In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an IP address expansion apparatus, where the IP address expansion apparatus is a DNS; in one possible implementation, the apparatus may include:

the system comprises a receiving and sending module, a sending and receiving module and a sending and receiving module, wherein the receiving and sending module is used for receiving an inquiry request sent by first equipment, and the inquiry request comprises a target website to be accessed by the first equipment;

a processing module, configured to generate a response message for responding to the query request, where the response message includes a first IP address of a second device corresponding to the target website and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address;

the transceiver module is further configured to send the response message to the first device.

In a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an IP address expansion apparatus, where the IP address expansion apparatus is a route forwarding device, where the apparatus includes:

a transceiver module, configured to receive a communication packet from a first device, where a destination IP address field in the communication packet carries a first IP address of a second device and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address;

the processing module is used for determining a second IP address of the second equipment, and the second IP address is obtained by performing left supplement and/or right supplement on the first IP address according to a mode of shifting the first IP address by a supplement address bit;

the transceiver module is further configured to complete forwarding of the communication packet to the second device according to the second IP address.

In an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an IP address expansion system, where the IP address expansion system includes a first device, a DNS, a route forwarding device, a second device, and the like.

In one possible implementation: the first device is configured to perform any one of the methods of the first aspect or the first aspect;

the DNS configured to perform any one of the methods of the third aspect or the third aspect;

the route forwarding device is configured to forward a communication packet sent by the first device to the second device.

In another possible implementation:

the first device is configured to perform any one of the methods of the second aspect or the second aspect;

the route forwarding device is configured to execute any one of the methods in the fourth aspect or the fourth aspect.

In a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, including a processor, and optionally further including a memory; the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for calling and running the computer program from the memory, so that the communication device with the chip system installed thereon executes any one of the first aspect to the fourth aspect, or any one of the methods of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.

In a thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes: computer program code for causing an IP address expansion apparatus to perform any one of the above first to fourth aspects, or any one of the first to fourth aspects, when the computer program code is run by a transceiver module, a processing module, or a transceiver, a processor of the IP address expansion apparatus.

In a fourteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores a program, and the program causes an IP address expansion apparatus (e.g., a route forwarding device) to perform any one of the above first to fourth aspects, or any one of the methods in the first to fourth aspects.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture provided herein;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a route forwarding device provided in the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another route forwarding device provided in the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Varint encoding process provided in the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for accessing an IP address after right padding according to the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a right supplemental access scenario provided by the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a left supplemental access scenario provided by the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a first IP address expansion apparatus provided in the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second IP address expansion apparatus provided in the present application.

Detailed Description

At present, the process of address application by a user is generally that the user applies for an address block from an international organization, for example, the applied address block is 201.1.1.0/24, and the number of addresses that can be used by the user is 256, that is, from 201.1.1.0 to 201.1.1.255. After the user applies for the IP address, the number of usable addresses is already determined, and the user cannot continue to expand the IP address. After the user applies for the IP address, in order to enable the terminal device under the user name to communicate with the terminal devices under other user names, the user needs to distribute 201.1.1.0/24 route to the internet, so that the terminal devices under other user names in the internet can communicate with the terminal devices under 201.1.1.0/24.

Further, in the existing network, the manner of accessing the address of the target website is mainly to query the IP address of the target host corresponding to the target website through Domain Name System (DNS). The DNS system stores a correspondence between a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and an IP address, and in the correspondence between existing URLs and IPs, as shown in table 1, one URL corresponds to one IP address.

Website address	IP address
		www.rongyao.com	191.2.1.1
www.lianxiang.com	191.2.1.1
		www.example.com	201.1.1.1
www.baidu.com	154.1.2.1

Table 1 schematic table of correspondence between URL and IP address stored in existing DNS

Illustratively, when the URL of a target website to be accessed by a first device (i.e., a source terminal device) is www.example.com, the first device sends an inquiry request to the DNS system, where the inquiry request is mainly used to inquire an IP address corresponding to the target website www.example.com, and the inquiry request includes a target website to be accessed by the first device. Assuming that the correspondence between the URL and the IP address stored in the DNS system is as shown in table 1, if the IP address corresponding to the target website www.example.com is 201.1.1.1, after receiving the query request sent by the first device, the DNS determines that the IP address corresponding to the target website www.example.com is 201.1.1.1, and returns the IP address 201.1.1.1 to the first device through a response message.

After determining the IP address 202.1.1.1 of the target website, the first terminal device formally sends a communication packet to a device (e.g., a second device) corresponding to the address 202.1.1.1. In addition, because the IP addresses requested by the user are only 256, if the number of devices needing to allocate addresses under the name of the user exceeds 256, the addresses requested by the user currently are not enough to be used. At this time, the user needs to apply for the international organization again, for example, the address block applied for the second time by the user is 161.1.0.0/16.

After the user applies for a new IP address block for the second time, in order to enable communication between the device under the user 161.1.0.0/16 and devices under other user names, the user still needs to issue a route 161.1.0.0/16 to the internet, so that the devices under other user names in the internet can communicate with the terminal device under 161.1.0.0/16.

However, the above-described method has the following problems: the number of usable and allocated addresses of the user for the applied address block is limited, and the requirement of the user on the actual number of addresses cannot be met, namely the user lacks the freedom of address use and allocation for the applied address block at present. In addition, when the user applies for the second address block after the first address block is not enough, the second address block and the first address block are difficult to be continuous, and new address blocks need to be issued again.

In summary, the existing solutions lack the freedom of use and allocation of the requested address.

In order to solve the problem, embodiments of the present application provide an extension method, an extension device, and an extension system for an IP address, so as to provide a free extension scheme for an IP address, thereby better meeting the requirement of a user on the number of IP addresses and enabling IP addresses belonging to the same user to be more continuous.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application can be applied to various communication systems, for example: long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication systems, future fifth Generation (5th Generation, 5G) systems, such as new radio access technology (NR), and future communication systems, such as 6G systems. The technical solution provided herein is not only applicable to a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) access scheme, but also applicable to a case where a control plane and a user plane are separated in a Non-3GPP (Non-3GPP) access scheme.

For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present application, a communication system to which the embodiments of the present application are applied will be first described in detail by taking the communication system shown in fig. 1 as an example. As shown in fig. 1, the communication system includes a first device (i.e., a source terminal device), a second device (i.e., a destination terminal device), and at least one route forwarding device.

The first device is one of at least one terminal device included in a first username, and the second device is one of at least one terminal device included in a second username.

A terminal device, which is a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to a user, may also be referred to as a User Equipment (UE), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user equipment. The terminal in the embodiment of the present application may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with a wireless transceiving function, a Virtual Reality (VR) terminal, an Augmented Reality (AR) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control (industrial control), a wireless terminal in self driving (self driving), a wireless terminal in remote medical treatment (remote medical), a wireless terminal in smart grid (smart grid), a wireless terminal in transportation safety (transportation safety), a wireless terminal in smart city (smart city), a wireless terminal in smart home (smart home), and the like.

A route forwarding device, typically connecting two or more logical ports identified by an IP subnet or point-to-point protocol, has at least 1 physical port. The route forwarding equipment determines an output port and a next hop address according to a network layer address in a received data packet and a routing table maintained in the router, and rewrites a link layer data packet header to realize forwarding of the data packet. The route forwarding device reflects the current network topology by dynamically maintaining a route table, and maintains the route table by exchanging route and link information through other route forwarding devices on the network.

The route forwarding device in this embodiment may be a multicast route forwarding device such as an RP, an MCR1, and an MCR2 with a multicast function. Or ordinary route forwarding devices of R1 to R8.

In an alternative manner in this embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the route forwarding apparatus in this embodiment of the present application includes N light emitting devices 201 (only one light emitting device is taken as an example in fig. 2), a processor 202, and a receiver 203. Wherein N is a positive integer.

And the receiver 203 is used for receiving information sent by other devices.

And the processor 202 is configured to modulate the access information into an optical signal, and send the optical signal to other devices by controlling at least one light-emitting device 201 of the N light-emitting devices 101.

As shown in fig. 3, the route forwarding device 200 further includes a memory 204 for storing a preset route conversion table. The memory 204, which may also be used to store program code executed by the processor 202, may be a ROM, RAM, EEPROM, magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to such, e.g., the memory 204 may be a combination of the above.

The memory 204 and the processor 202, the receiver 203 and the light emitting device 201 may be connected by a bus. In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific connection medium among the above components is not limited, in the embodiment of the present invention, the memory 204, the receiver 203, the processor 202, and the light emitting device 201 are connected through a bus in fig. 3, the bus is represented by a thick line in fig. 3, and the connection manner among other components is only schematically illustrated and is not limited.

It should be noted that, in the communication system shown in the present application, for simplicity of description, only one switching path from the first device to the second device is simply shown, where the switching path includes at least one route forwarding device. It should be understood that, in practical applications, more switching paths may be included in the communication system, and the number of route forwarding devices on each path may also be greater.

The network architecture and the service scenario described in the embodiment of the present application are for more clearly illustrating the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, and do not form a limitation on the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, and as a person of ordinary skill in the art knows that along with the evolution of the network architecture and the appearance of a new service scenario, the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application is also applicable to similar technical problems. It should be understood that the illustrations in fig. 1-3 are simplified schematic diagrams that are merely examples for ease of understanding, i.e., other devices, not shown in fig. 1, may also be included in the communication system; other modules or devices, which are not shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3, may also be included in the structure of the route forwarding device.

In the following, some terms referred to in the embodiments of the present application are explained for convenience of understanding.

1) The DNS is a distributed network directory service, and is mainly used for interconversion of domain names and IP addresses.

2) The IPv4(Internet Protocol Version 4) Protocol family is the most central Protocol family in the TCP/IP Protocol family. The protocol network layer provides connectionless data transmission service, and is the most basic communication protocol of the Internet, and the format of the message header of the protocol network layer is shown in table 2:

table 2 IPv4 header format

Since the address of IPv4 is only 32bits, 2^32 addresses, i.e. about 40 hundred million addresses, can be used globally at most.

3) The IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6) Protocol family, which is used to replace the next generation IP Protocol of the current Version IP Protocol (IPv4), can have 2^128 addresses, which is 4 times of IPv4, and is an extension of the network from IPv4 to IPv6, and the format of the header of the packet is shown in table 3:

table 3 IPv6 header format

4) An IP address for identifying a communication address of a communication terminal.

5) IP port, which is used to represent the access port identification of an application program on a communication terminal.

6) The Varin coding is a method for serializing integers by using one or more bytes, the integers are coded into variable-length bytes, and the Varin coding can achieve a good compression effect on most scenes.

In the principle of Varint coding, except for the last byte, each byte in the Varint coding is set with a most significant bit (msb). Wherein, msb is 1 to indicate whether the following byte belongs to the current data, and if 0, it is the last byte data of the current data. The lower 7 bits of each byte are used to store a two's complement representation of the number in groups of 7 bits, with the least significant group preceding, or the least significant byte preceding. That is, the bytes of the varint encoded data are arranged in little endian.

Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 4, assume that 123456 is varint encoded. 123456 is represented as 11110001001000000 in binary, with 7 bits taken from low to high each time, plus the most significant bit, becoming 110000001100010000000111. So 123456 after varint encoding occupies 192, 196, 7 bytes, respectively.

In addition, for the purpose of description, in the embodiment of the present application, an original IP address is referred to as a first IP address, and an IP address obtained by extending the original IP address is referred to as a second IP address. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application may be used interchangeably. "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, wherein, A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. At least one of the following items or the like, refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, c may be single or multiple.

Unless stated to the contrary, the embodiments of the present application refer to the ordinal numbers "first", "second", etc., for distinguishing between a plurality of objects, and do not limit the sequence, timing, priority, or importance of the plurality of objects. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having" in the description of the embodiments and claims of the present application and the drawings are not intended to be exclusive. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may include other steps or elements not listed.

By introducing the application scenario in the embodiment of the present application, a communication process after IP address extension is specifically described below.

The embodiment of the present application has various ways for IP address expansion, and is not limited to the following.

And the expansion mode is one, right supplement expansion is carried out on the original IP address.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the address of the terminal device is set as the original IP address (i.e., the first IP address) + the right complement address bit.

When the communication is performed through the extended IP address in the first extension mode, the communication may be divided into several stages according to different execution bodies, which are described below.

The first stage is as follows: and configuring a new corresponding relation between the URL and the IP address in the DNS.

In the embodiment of the present application, since the original IP address of the terminal device is extended, the corresponding relationship between the URL and the IP address stored in the DNS also needs to be adjusted accordingly. That is, after the IP address is extended, the extended IP address needs to be issued, so that the extended IP address can be normally applied.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the correspondence between the IP address and the URL after the right complement address bit is issued in the DNS system.

For example, in an optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between a URL and an IP address stored in the DNS system after the IP address is extended is shown in table 4 below.

Website address	Original IP address	Right complement address bit
			www.rongyao.com	191.2.1.1	1.1
www.lianxiang.com	191.2.1.1	2.1
			www.xinlang.com	187.1.2.1	1.1
www.baidu.com	154.1.2.1	1.1

TABLE 4 corresponding relationship between URL and IP address in right supplement expansion mode

For example, in another optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between a URL and an IP address stored in the DNS system after the IP address is extended is shown in table 5 below.

Website address	Extended IP address	Right complement length
			www.rongyao.com	191.2.1.1.1.1	16bit
www.lianxiang.com	191.2.1.1.2.1	16bit
			www.xinlang.com	187.1.2.1.1.	8bit
www.baidu.com	154.1.2.1.2.1.1	24bit

TABLE 5 correspondence between URL and IP address in the right-hand augmentation mode

The second IP address (i.e., the extended IP address) is obtained by right-complementing the address bits of the first IP address (i.e., the original IP address) by shifting the complementary address bits.

For example, in yet another optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between URLs and IP addresses stored in the DNS system after the IP addresses are extended is shown in table 6 below.

TABLE 6 correspondence between the third URL and IP address under the right supplement expansion mode

And a second stage: the first device configures a new communication packet.

In the embodiment of the application, in the process of accessing the second device, the first device needs to query the DNS system for the IP address, so as to determine the IP address corresponding to the accessed target website.

For example, assume that the terminal device 1 under the name of user a is the first device, the IP address of the first device is 161.1.1.1, and the target website to be accessed is www.rongyao.com. At this time, the terminal device 1 initiates an inquiry request to the DNS, where the inquiry request includes the target web address to be accessed, i.e., www.rongyao.com.

After receiving the query request sent by the terminal device 1, the DNS may determine, according to the correspondence between the URL and the IP address, that the first IP address corresponding to the website address of www.rongyao.com that the terminal device 1 wants to access is 191.2.1.1, and that the right supplementary address bit is 1.1.

And the DNS sends a response message to the terminal equipment, wherein the response message is used for responding to the query request, and the response message comprises a first IP address of the second equipment corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address. The mode comprises one or more of a left complement address bit, a right complement address bit, a left complement address length and a right complement address length.

Illustratively, the response message includes the original IP address 191.2.1.1 corresponding to the website address of www.rongyao.com, and the right complementary address bit is 1.1.

Further, the IP address used by the current destination terminal device is the IP address after right complement, and the response message returned by the DNS according to the query request includes the original IP address 191.2.1.1 and the right complement address bit 1.1. Therefore, after receiving the response message sent by the DNS, the terminal device 1 may determine, according to the original IP address 191.2.1.1 and the right complementary address bit 1.1 included in the response message, that the second device corresponding to the target website of www.rongyao.com that the terminal device wants to access, is the terminal device corresponding to the IP address 191.2.1.1.1.1.

Specifically, the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application can identify a format of a response message sent by the expanded DNS, and can determine the second IP address, the first IP address, the right complement address bit, and the like according to the received response message sent by the DNS.

Illustratively, if the response message fed back by the DNS system includes the first IP address and the right complement address bit, after receiving the response message, the first device splices the first IP address and the right complement address bit in the response message, and determines the spliced IP address as the IP address of the second device.

For example, the first IP address in the response message is 191.2.1.1, and the right complementary address bit is 1.1, so that the first device can obtain the IP address of the spliced second device, i.e. 191.2.1.1.1.1, according to the response message.

For example, if the response message fed back by the DNS system includes the second IP address and the right complement address bit, the first device directly determines the second IP address included in the response message as the IP address of the second device after receiving the response message. In addition, the first device may determine the first IP address according to the second IP address and the right complementary address bit.

For example, the second IP address in the response message is 191.2.1.1.1.1, and the right complement address bit is 1.1, so that the first device can determine the IP address of the second device, i.e., 191.2.1.1.1.1, and the first IP address is 191.2.1.1 from the response message.

Further, since the length information, format, and the like of the IP address are changed, that is, since the address is extended in the embodiment of the present application, in order to successfully complete forwarding in the communication transmission process, it is further necessary to issue a prefix after right padding to the network, that is, when the terminal device 1 sends a communication packet and forwards the communication packet, it is necessary to configure a communication packet capable of indicating the IP address after right padding.

In this embodiment of the present application, there are various ways in which the terminal device configures the communication packet capable of representing the IP address after right padding, and the method is not limited to the following.

Expression mode 1: and carrying right complement address bits by adopting an extension field.

Illustratively, for example, IPv4, IPv4 is adopted to extend a field to carry the right complement address bit. The right complement extension of IPv4 is shown in table 7 below.

Table 7 IPv4 address extension schematic table

It should be noted that the extension field in the embodiment of the present application is equivalent to adding a new shim to the existing IP header.

In IPv4, the embodiment of the present application may alternatively use an Option (Option) of IPv4 by newly defining a network data exchange rule (Protocol) number of IPv 4.

Exemplarily, as shown in table 8, a specific message format after extension in IPv4 is shown for the embodiment of the present application.

Specific format of extended message in IPv4 in table 8

Other fields in the message, such as an IP destination address, an IP source address, a message load and the like, are the same as those of the existing IPv4, and no matter how the extension field is defined, the present invention is not affected.

In IPv6, an alternative way of defining a new Next Header field as the extension field is provided in the embodiments of the present application. Other fields in the message, such as an IP destination address, a source address, a message load and the like, are the same as the existing IPv6, and no matter how the extension field is defined, the invention is not influenced.

Expression mode 2: and adopting an extension field to bear the length of the right complement address.

Specifically, in the process of right-complementing the first IP address, the communication message records the specific IP address after the expansion is completed, and in addition, the communication message also records the length of the right-complementing address. Therefore, the first IP address and the specific right complement address bit can be obtained according to the length of the right complement address and the second IP address after the expansion.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the application, the updated communication packet includes a second IP address of the second device and a right supplementary address length of the second IP address; or the updated message includes the second IP address, the length of the right supplementary address of the second IP address, the expanded IP address of the first device, and the length of the right supplementary address of the expanded IP address of the first device.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the length of the right complement address may not be defined in advance, and the length of the right complement address may be designed and adjusted according to different requirements each time. That is to say, in the embodiment of the present application, when the representation manner 2 is used to represent the communication packet of the IP address after right padding, the length of the extended IP address may be determined according to an actual situation.

Illustratively, as shown in table 9 below, the length of the right complement address is recorded in the message.

Type: destination/source

Len：8bits

Value: right complement address

Table 9 records the length of right complement address in the message

Because the extended address is determined as required, the length of the right supplementary address can be adjusted according to the actual situation through the expression mode 2, the applicability is stronger, and the flexibility of IP address allocation is better improved.

Expression mode 3: and adopting a variable-length integer rule, namely Varint coding, to express the extended IP address.

In an optional manner of this embodiment of the present application, after obtaining, by the first device, an extended IP address and a right supplementary address and/or a length of the right supplementary address according to the response message, the first device performs Varint coding on the extended IP address to obtain a coded first character string, and then the first device performs extension recording on the first character string in the communication message. In addition, the communication message may further record the right complement address bit and/or the length of the right complement address.

Therefore, after receiving the communication packet, the route forwarding device may perform Varint decoding on the first character string in the communication packet, so as to obtain an extended IP address (i.e., a second IP address). In addition, if the communication message includes the right complement address bit and/or the right complement address length, the route forwarding device may further determine the first IP address according to the right complement address bit and/or the right complement address length and the second IP address.

In an optional mode of the embodiment of the present application, the first device obtains a first IP address and a right supplementary address bit according to the response message, the first device performs Varint coding on the first IP address to obtain a coded second character string, and then the first device performs extended recording on the second character string and the right supplementary address bit in a communication packet.

Therefore, after receiving the communication message, the route forwarding device may perform Varint decoding on the second character string in the communication message to obtain a first IP address, and splice the first IP address according to the right complementary address bit included in the communication message to obtain a second IP address.

In another optional mode of the embodiment of the application, the first device obtains a first IP address and a right supplementary address bit according to the response message, the first device performs Varint coding on the right supplementary address bit to obtain a coded third character string, and then the first device performs extended recording on the third character string in the communication message, where the communication message that is not subjected to extended recording includes a first IP packet.

Therefore, after receiving the communication message, the route forwarding device may perform Varint decoding on the third character string in the communication message to obtain a right supplementary address bit, and splice the first IP address according to the first IP address included in the communication message to obtain a second IP address.

In another optional manner of this embodiment, after the first device obtains the second IP address and the right supplementary address bit and/or the right supplementary address length according to the response message, the first device performs Varint coding on the second IP address to obtain a coded first character string, and performs Varint coding on the right supplementary address bit and/or the right supplementary address length to obtain a coded fourth character string. Then, the first device makes an extended record on the first character string and the fourth character string in the communication message.

Therefore, after receiving the communication packet, the routing forwarding device may perform Varint decoding on the first character string and the fourth character string in the communication packet to obtain a second IP address and a right supplementary address bit and/or a right supplementary address length, and then the routing forwarding device may further determine the first IP address according to the right supplementary address bit and/or the right supplementary address length and the second IP address.

Expression mode 4: a new communication messaging protocol is defined.

The expression mode 4 in the embodiment of the present application is mainly designed to design a completely new communication packet protocol, that is, a completely new IP address expression protocol. That is to say, the communication packet in the representation mode 4 in the embodiment of the present application is neither the existing IPv4 nor the existing IPv 6.

In the expression 4, the newly designed IP address itself is not fixed in length. Different from the prior IPv4 fixed 32bits length and the prior IPv6 fixed 128bits length.

In the embodiment of the present application, the protocol field in the newly designed communication message does not specify a length boundary, and is represented by using a variable-length bit string.

In an alternative embodiment of the present application, when address expansion is performed by right complement, the lower bits of the original address are directly added to the original address.

Illustratively, if the initial address length is Nbits and a right complement boundary is recorded, e.g., right complement Mbits, then this indicates that the lower Mbits in the extended address is right complement.

For example, assume that the current IP address is 1000001 and the right complement length is 0, as shown in table 10 below.

IP address: 1000001

Right compensation length: 0

TABLE 10 IP Address schematic without augmentation

If right compensation is performed, a new address 100000101 is right-compensated on the original 1000001, and the expanded IP address is shown in table 11 below.

IP address: 100000101

Right compensation length: 2

Table 11 IP Address schematics augmented by Right complement

In the above example, it is logically equivalent to defining a right-extended boundary, and 100000101 shown in table 9 is equivalent to dividing the boundary into two parts of 1000001 and 01. Wherein, the address can expand bit to the right on the basis of 01, because this expansion is elastic, we can adopt the above-mentioned Varint representation to expand.

For convenience of representation, we also assume that the overall address length is a multiple of 8bits, and like the conventional IPv representation method, every 8bits is represented by a natural number, e.g., 3.1.2.1.1.1.1It indicates that the total address is 7 × 8 ═ 56bits, and the last 2bits are right complement partial addresses.

The purpose of this design is that the addresses of the left complement part are allocated among the global institutions, and the address blocks are mutually negotiated among different institutions to reach an agreement, so long as the left complement part does not conflict, and the allocation still needs the national level or global Internet institutions to operate. But the right complement part is controllable in the mechanism and can be expanded to the right.

Furthermore, right complement in multiple levels can be performed in the address, that is, boundaries of multiple levels are defined, for example, multi-level allocation in an organization can also be performed in the organization.

And a third stage: and the route forwarding equipment performs forwarding access according to the communication message configured by the first equipment and based on the expanded IP address.

Since the length information, format, and the like of the IP address are changed, that is, since the address is extended in the embodiment of the present application, in order to successfully complete the route lookup in the communication transmission process, it is further necessary to perform extension of the routing protocol, that is, corresponding address extension information, for example, a right complement address bit is added in the route advertisement, so as to form a route lookup tree based on right complement extension of the original IP address in the router.

Further, in this embodiment of the present application, after receiving the communication packet sent by the first device and based on the extended IP address, the route forwarding device may extract and determine the extended IP address according to the communication packet, and then complete the lookup in the Trie, thereby implementing the forwarding. For a specific forwarding process in the embodiment of the present application, reference may be made to an existing method, which is not described herein again.

For example, taking IPv4 as an example, the conventional IPv4 is an address of 32bits plus a mask, for example, 191.1.1.0/24, which means that the first 24bits are 191.1.1, and the last 8bits are the sum of 255 arbitrary addresses, and then the existing advertisement format in a route advertisement is as shown in table 12 below:

prefix: 191.1.1

Mask length: 8

Next hop

Table 12 advertisement format in original route advertisement

In an optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, information of a right complement length needs to be added to a route advertisement.

For example, assuming that the IP address after right-complementary extension is 191.1.1.1.1, the format of the advertisement after the extension of the present invention is shown in table 13 below:

prefix: 191.1.1

Total address length: 40

Right compensation length: 16

Next hop

Table 13 advertisement format in route advertisement after right supplemental expansion

Further, in the embodiment of the present application, after the route advertisement is completed, a route lookup tree is formed in the router, and the router receiving the route prefix completes creation of the Trie lookup tree.

Further, based on the descriptions of the above stages, when the source terminal device accesses the target terminal device according to the target website in the embodiment of the present application, the specific access steps may be as shown in the following fig. 5:

step 500: the first device determines a target website to be accessed.

Step 501: and the first equipment sends a query request to a DNS (domain name system), wherein the query request comprises the target website.

And the query request is used for querying the IP address of the target website.

Step 502: and the DNS receives the query request and determines a first address and a right complement address bit of the target website according to the query request.

Specifically, the DNS stores a correspondence between the destination web address, the first IP address of the second device, and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit from the first IP address; the mode comprises one or more of a left complement address bit, a right complement address bit, a left complement address length and a right complement address length.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the application, the generating, by the DNS, a response message for responding to the query request includes: the DNS queries the corresponding relation according to a target website to be accessed by the first equipment and contained in the query request to obtain a first IP address of second equipment corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address; and the DNS carries the obtained first IP address and a mode of shifting the first IP address by a supplementary address bit in a response message for responding the query request.

It should be noted that, the content determined by the DNS in step 502 according to the query request in the embodiment of the present application is only an optional manner in the embodiment of the present application, and does not form a limitation of the embodiment of the present application.

For example, in another optional manner of this embodiment of the present application, the DNS stores the destination website, the second IP address of the second device, and one or more of a left supplementary address bit, a right supplementary address bit, a left supplementary address length, and a right supplementary address length.

The DNS queries the corresponding relation according to a target website to be accessed by the first device and contained in the query request to obtain a second IP address, a left supplementary address bit, a right supplementary address bit, and one or more of a left supplementary address length and a right supplementary address length of a second device corresponding to the target website; and the DNS loads the obtained second IP address and one or more of a left supplementary address bit, a right supplementary address bit, a left supplementary address length and a right supplementary address length in a response message for responding to the query request.

Step 503: and the DNS sends a response message to the first equipment, wherein the response message comprises the first IP address and the right complement address bit of the target website.

The content of the response message sent by the DNS in step 503 in this embodiment is only an optional manner in this embodiment, and does not form a limitation of this embodiment. For example, in another optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, the DNS directly splices the first address of the target website and the right complement address bit to obtain a second IP address, and notifies the second address of the first device through a response message fed back to the first device.

In another optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, the DNS directly obtains the second IP according to the stored correspondence, and notifies the second address of the first device through a response message fed back to the first device.

Step 504: and the first equipment receives a response message sent by the DNS.

Step 505: and the first equipment splices the first IP address and the right complement address bit of the target website contained in the response message to obtain a second IP address.

If the destination address, that is, the second IP address, contained in the response message and spliced by the DNS is the second IP address, the first device directly uses the second address in the response message as the IP address of the second device.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the step 505 may be omitted, that is, the first device does not need to splice the obtained first IP address and the right complement address bit.

Step 506: and the first equipment generates a communication message according to the second IP address.

If step 505 is not executed, the first device generates a communication packet according to the response message.

Step 507: and the first equipment sends the communication message to corresponding route forwarding equipment.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the application, a destination IP address field in the communication message carries a second IP address of the second device, and the second IP address is obtained by right-complementing address bits for the first IP address according to a manner of shifting complementary address bits for the first IP address.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the present application, a destination IP address field in the communication message carries a first IP address of the second device, and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address.

Step 508: and after receiving the communication message, the routing forwarding equipment determines the IP address of the second equipment in advance according to the communication message.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the present application, if the destination IP address field carries a second IP address, the routing forwarding device directly determines the second IP address according to the destination IP address field.

In an optional manner in this embodiment, if the destination IP address domain carries the first IP address and the destination IP address domain shifts the supplemental address bits to the first IP address, the routing forwarding device determines, as the second IP address, an IP address obtained by right-complementing the first IP address with the supplemental address bits according to the first IP address shift.

Step 509: and the routing forwarding equipment searches and forwards the communication message in the Trie according to the IP address of the second equipment until the destination terminal equipment receives the communication message.

Exemplarily, it is assumed that a source terminal device is to send a communication packet to a destination terminal device, where a first device is a corresponding terminal device whose IP address is 1.1.1+ right complement 1.1, that is, the first IP address of the first device is 1.1.1.1.1.1; the target web address to be accessed by the first device is www.rongyao.com. The IP address of the second device corresponding to the target website www.rongyao.com is 2.2.2.1+ 2.1, that is, the second device is a terminal device with an IP address of 2.2.2.1.2.1.

In the process of forwarding through the route forwarding device, the route forwarding device in the forwarding path extracts the first IP address 2.2.2.1 and the right complement address 2.1 of the second device. Then, the route forwarding device determines that the second IP address of the second device is 2.2.2.1.2.1 according to the first IP address 2.2.2.1 and the right complement address 2.1 of the second device, and then the route forwarding device performs lookup and forwarding in the Trie until the terminal device with the IP address 2.2.2.1.2.1 receives the communication packet.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the application, according to a prefix matching principle, the current routing forwarding device may obtain a routing block that 2.2.2.1 belongs to 2.2.2.0/24. Accordingly, it is possible to determine a route forwarding device to which the next hop is to be addressed, for example, the route forwarding device to which the next hop is to be addressed is the route forwarding device 3. Then, the route forwarding device 3 extracts the first IP address 2.2.2.1+ right complement 2.1 of the second device, and may determine that the device receiving the communication packet is a terminal device of 2.2.2.1.2.1.

Assume that, as shown in fig. 6, there are three terminal devices under the 2.2.2.0/24 routing block, which are terminal device 1 of IP address 2.2.2.1.1.1, terminal device 2 of IP address 2.2.2.1.2.1, and terminal device 3 of IP address 2.2.2.1.1.2, respectively. And the route forwarding device 3 may determine that the second device is the terminal device 2 according to the extracted right complement address bit. And finally, sending the communication message to the terminal equipment 2.

The scenario illustrated in fig. 6 is only an optional implementation manner in the embodiment of the present application, and does not limit an implementation method of the routing forwarding device in the embodiment of the present application, for example, the routing forwarding device in the embodiment of the present application may forward according to an existing forwarding manner.

According to the IP address expansion method, under the condition that the address length of the existing IPv4 or IPv6 is fixed and expansion cannot be performed, the original IP address is compensated right by adding the expansion field, a smooth expansion mode is provided, the problems that the existing IP address is weak in degree of freedom and cannot be expanded are effectively solved, the degree of freedom of the applied IP address is higher, the number of available IP addresses is more, and the continuity is higher.

It should be noted that there is no restriction on the order among the several stages described in the embodiments of the present application, and in the execution process, not every stage needs to be re-executed every time. For example, in the stage one, if the DNS system has already configured the correspondence between the right-complemented IP address and the URL, then when the subsequent first device accesses the second device, because the DNS system has already configured the correspondence between the right-complemented IP address and the URL, the stage one does not need to be executed any more, and the query request may be directly sent to the DNS system.

And the expansion mode II is to carry out left supplement expansion on the original IP address.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the address of the terminal device is set as the left supplementary address bit + the original IP address.

When the IP address expanded by the second expansion method is used for communication, the communication may be divided into several stages according to different execution bodies, which are described below.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the correspondence between the IP address after left complementing and the URL is issued in the DNS system.

For example, in an optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between URLs and IP addresses stored in the DNS system after the IP addresses are extended is shown in table 14 below.

Website address	Left supplement	IP original address
			www.rongyao.com	1.1	191.2.1.1
www.lianxiang.com	2.1	191.2.1.1
			www.xinlang.com	1.1	187.1.2.1
www.baidu.com	1.1	154.1.2.1

Table 14 correspondence between URL and IP address in left supplement extension mode

For example, in another optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between URLs and IP addresses stored in the DNS system after the IP addresses are extended is shown in table 15 below.

Website address	Extended IP address	Left supplement length
			www.rongyao.com	1.1.121.2.1.1	16bit
www.lianxiang.com	2.1.101.2.1.1	16bit
			www.xinlang.com	1.127.1.2.1	8bit
www.baidu.com	2.1.1.104.1.2.1	24bit

TABLE 15 correspondence between URL and IP address in left-hand augmentation mode

The second IP address (i.e., the extended IP address) is obtained by performing left address compensation on the first IP address (i.e., the original IP address) in a manner of shifting the first IP address by the complementary address bits.

For example, in yet another optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between URLs and IP addresses stored in the DNS system after the IP addresses are extended is shown in table 16 below.

Website address	Extended IP address	Left complement address
			www.rongyao.com	1.1.121.2.1.1	1.1
www.lianxiang.com	2.1.101.2.1.1	2.1
			www.xinlang.com	1.127.1.2.1	1
www.baidu.com	2.1.1.104.1.2.1	2.1.1

TABLE 16 correspondence between the third URL and IP address under left-fill expansion

And a second stage: the first device configures a new communication packet.

Illustratively, assume that the terminal device 1 under the name of user a is used as a first device, the IP address of the first device is 161.1.1.1, and the target website to be accessed is 161.1.1.1www.rongyao.com. At this time, the terminal device 1 initiates an inquiry request to the DNS, where the inquiry request includes a target website address www.rongyao.com to be accessed。

After receiving the query request sent by the terminal device 1, the DNS may determine, according to the correspondence between the URL and the IP address, that the first IP address corresponding to the target website of www.rongyao.com that the terminal device 1 wants to access is 191.2.1.1, and that the left supplementary address bit is 1.1.

Illustratively, the response message includes the original IP address 191.2.1.1 corresponding to the website address of www.rongyao.com, and the left complementary address bit is 1.1.

Further, the IP address used by the current destination terminal device is the IP address after left complement, and the response message returned by the DNS according to the query request includes the original IP address 191.2.1.1 and the left complement address bit 1.1. Therefore, after receiving the response message sent by the DNS, the terminal device 1 may determine, according to the original IP address 191.2.1.1 and the left supplementary address bit of 1.1 included in the response message, that the second device corresponding to the target website of www.rongyao.com that the terminal device wants to access is the terminal device corresponding to the IP address 1.1.191.2.1.1.

Specifically, the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application can identify a format of a response message sent by the expanded DNS, and can determine the second IP address, the first IP address, the left complement address bit, and the like according to the received response message sent by the DNS.

Illustratively, if the response message fed back by the DNS system includes the first IP address and the left complement address bit, after receiving the response message, the first device splices the first IP address and the left complement address bit in the response message, and determines the spliced IP address as the IP address of the second device.

For example, the first IP address in the response message is 191.2.1.1, and the complementary left address bit is 1.1, so that the first device can obtain the IP address of the spliced second device, that is, 1.1.191.2.1.1, according to the response message.

For example, if the response message fed back by the DNS system includes the second IP address and the left supplementary address bit, the first device directly determines the second IP address included in the response message as the IP address of the second device after receiving the response message. In addition, the first device may determine the first IP address according to the second IP address and the left complementary address bit.

For example, the second IP address in the response message is 1.1.191.2.1.1, and the complementary left address bit is 1.1, so that the first device can determine the IP address of the second device, i.e., 1.1.191.2.1.1, and the first IP address is 191.2.1.1 from the response message.

Further, since the length information, format, and the like of the IP address are changed, that is, since the address is extended in the embodiment of the present application, in order to successfully complete forwarding in the communication transmission process, it is necessary to issue a prefix after left-complementing to the network, that is, when the terminal device 1 sends a communication packet and forwards the communication packet, it is necessary to configure a communication packet capable of indicating the IP address after left-complementing.

In this embodiment of the present application, there are various ways in which the terminal device configures the communication packet capable of indicating the IP address after left complementing, and the method is not limited to the following.

Expression mode 1: and adopting an extension field to carry left complement address bits.

Illustratively, taking IPv4 as an example, IPv4 is adopted to extend a field to carry the left complement address bits. The left complement extension of IPv4 is shown in table 17 below.

Table 17 IPv4 address extension schematic table

Exemplarily, as shown in table 18, a specific message format after extension in IPv4 is shown for the embodiment of the present application.

Specific format of extended message in table 18 IPv4

Expression mode 2: and adopting an extension field to bear the length of the left supplementary address.

Specifically, in the process of performing left-hand compensation on the first address, the communication message records the specific IP address after the expansion is completed, and in addition, the communication message also records the length of the left-hand compensated address. Therefore, the first IP address and the specific left complement address bit can be obtained according to the left complement address length and the second IP address after the expansion.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the application, the updated communication packet includes a second IP address of the second device and a left supplementary address length of the second IP address; or the updated message includes the second IP address, the left supplementary address length of the second IP address, the extended IP address of the first device, and the left supplementary address length of the extended IP address of the first device.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the length of the right complement address may not be defined in advance, and the length of the right complement address may be designed and adjusted according to different requirements each time. That is to say, in the embodiment of the present application, when the representation manner 2 is used to represent the communication packet of the IP address after left-complementing, the length of the extended IP address may be determined according to an actual situation.

Illustratively, as shown in table 19 below, the length of the left complement address is recorded in the message.

Type: destination/source

Len：8bits

Value: left complement address

Record the length of left-filling address in the table 19 message

Because the extended address is determined as required, the length of the left supplementary address can be adjusted according to the actual situation through the expression mode 2, the applicability is stronger, and the flexibility of address allocation is better improved.

In an optional manner of this embodiment of the present application, after obtaining, by the first device, an extended IP address and a left-supplementary address and/or a left-supplementary address length according to the response message, the first device performs Varint coding on the extended IP address to obtain a coded first character string, and then the first device performs extended recording on the first character string in the communication message. In addition, the left complement address bit and/or the left complement address length may also be recorded in the communication packet.

Therefore, after receiving the communication packet, the route forwarding device may perform Varint decoding on the first character string in the communication packet, so as to obtain an extended IP address (i.e., a second IP address). In addition, if the communication packet includes the left supplementary address bit and/or the left supplementary address length, the route forwarding device may further determine the first IP address according to the left supplementary address bit and/or the left supplementary address length and the second IP address.

In an optional mode of the embodiment of the present application, the first device obtains a first IP address and a right supplementary address bit according to the response message, the first device performs Varint coding on the first IP address to obtain a coded second character string, and then the first device performs extended recording on the second character string and the left supplementary address bit in a communication packet.

Therefore, after receiving the communication message, the route forwarding device may perform Varint decoding on the second character string in the communication message to obtain a first IP address, and splice the first IP address according to the left supplementary address bit included in the communication message to obtain a second IP address.

In another optional mode of the embodiment of the application, the first device obtains a first IP address and a left supplementary address bit according to the response message, the first device performs Varint coding on the left supplementary address bit to obtain a coded third character string, and then the first device performs extended recording on the third character string in the communication message, where the communication message that is not subjected to extended recording includes a first IP packet.

Therefore, after receiving the communication message, the route forwarding device may perform Varint decoding on the third character string in the communication message to obtain a left supplementary address bit, and splice the first IP address according to the first IP address included in the communication message to obtain a second IP address.

In another optional manner of this embodiment, after the first device obtains the second IP address and the left supplementary address bit and/or the left supplementary address length according to the response message, the first device performs Varint coding on the second IP address to obtain a coded first character string, and performs Varint coding on the left supplementary address bit and/or the left supplementary address length to obtain a coded fourth character string. Then, the first device makes an extended record on the first character string and the fourth character string in the communication message.

Therefore, after receiving the communication packet, the routing forwarding device may perform Varint decoding on the first character string and the fourth character string in the communication packet to obtain a second IP address and a left supplementary address bit and/or a left supplementary address length, and then the routing forwarding device may further determine the first IP address according to the left supplementary address bit and/or the left supplementary address length and the second IP address.

Expression mode 4: a new communication messaging protocol is defined.

In an alternative embodiment of the present application, when the address expansion is performed by the left complement, the high order bits of the original address are directly added to the original address.

Illustratively, if the initial address length is Nbits and a left-complement boundary is recorded, e.g., left-complement Mbits, this indicates that the upper Mbits of the extended address is left-complement.

For example, assume that the current IP address is 1000001 and the left-complement length is 0, as shown in table 20 below.

IP address: 1000001

Left-side length compensation: 0

Table 20 IP address schematic without augmentation

If right compensation is performed, a new address 101000001 is right-compensated on the original 1000001, and the expanded IP address is shown in the following table 21.

IP address: 101000001

Left-side length compensation: 2

Table 21 IP Address schematic augmented by left complement

In the above example, in terms of logical meaning, it is equivalent to define a boundary of left extension, and for 101000001 in table 19, it is equivalent to divide the boundary into two parts of 10 and 1000001, wherein the address can be left-filled with bit extension address space on the 100001 basis, and since this extension is flexible, we all use the aforesaid Varint notation for extension.

For convenience of presentation we also assume that the overall address length is a multiple of 8bits, as in the conventional IPv representation method, with every 8bits represented by a natural number, e.g. one1.1.3.1.2.1.1, total 7 ×, indicatedAn address of 56bits, where the first 28bits are left-complementary partial addresses.

The purpose of this design is that the addresses of the left complement part are allocated among the global institutions, and the address blocks are mutually negotiated among different institutions to reach an agreement, so long as the left complement part does not conflict, and the allocation still needs the national level or global Internet institutions to operate.

Further, left complement in multiple levels may be performed in the address, i.e. a boundary of multiple levels is defined, for example, one level is global, one level is national, one level is operator, etc.

Since the length information, format, and the like of the IP address are changed, that is, since the address is extended in the embodiment of the present application, in order to successfully complete the route lookup in the communication transmission process, it is further necessary to perform extension of the routing protocol, that is, corresponding address extension information, for example, a left complement address bit is added in the route advertisement, so as to form a route lookup tree based on the left complement extension of the original IP address in the router.

For example, assuming that the IP address after left-complementary extension is 191.1.1.1.1, the format of the advertisement after the extension of the present invention is shown in table 22 below:

prefix: 191.1.1

Total address length: 40

Left-side length compensation: 16

Next hop

Table 22 advertisement format in route advertisement after left-hand augmentation

The second expansion method in the embodiment of the present application is different from the first expansion method in that the first expansion method expands the original IP address by right complement, which corresponds to expanding a new branch downward under the original IP address in the building of the Trie of the router. In the second embodiment of the present application, after the original IP address is extended by left padding, it is equivalent to adding a new tree root to the original IP address in the building of the Trie tree of the router.

For example, assuming that the initial IP address is a 16-bit address, a Trie with a length of 16-bit address is formed in the construction of the Trie of the router. When the second expansion mode of the embodiment of the present application is used, the original IP address is left-complemented by 8bits, and then becomes a 24bits space. The tree is equivalent to a larger tree subtree with the original 16-bit address changed into a 24-bit space, and the root of the whole tree is the root of a new 24-bit tree.

Further, based on the descriptions of the above stages, when the source terminal device accesses the target terminal device according to the target website in the embodiment of the present application, specific access steps may be as shown in fig. 5, that is, relevant contents of the right complement in fig. 5 are changed into a left complement, which is not described herein again.

For example, suppose that a sending end needs to send a message to a receiving end, where the first device is a terminal device whose IP address is left-supplemented by 1.1+ original address 197.1.1.1, that is, the first IP address of the first device is 1.1.197.1.1.1; the target web address to be accessed by the first device is www.rongyao.com. The IP address of the second device corresponding to the target website www.rongyao.com is left-supplemented 2.1+ original address 207.2.2.1, that is, the second device is a terminal device with an IP address of 2.1.207.2.2.1.

During the forwarding process through the route forwarding device, the route forwarding device in the forwarding path extracts the left complement address bit 2.1 and the original address 207.2.2.1 of the second device. Then, the routing forwarding device determines that the second IP of the second device is 2.1.207.2.2.1 according to the original address 207.2.2.1 and the left complementary address bit 2.1 of the second device, and then the routing forwarding device searches and forwards the communication packet in the Trie until the terminal device with the IP address of 2.1.207.2.2.1 receives the communication packet.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the application, according to a prefix matching principle, the current routing forwarding device first finds a branch under the left complement 2.1, and then can determine a routing forwarding device to which a next hop is to go, for example, the routing forwarding device to which the next hop is to be the routing forwarding device 3. Further, the route forwarding device 3 extracts the left complement address bit 2.1+ the original address 207.2.2.1 of the second device, and determines 207.2.2.1 corresponding terminal device from the branch under the left complement 2.1. So that it can be determined that the terminal device with the IP address of 2.1.207.2.2.1 receives the communication message.

As shown in fig. 7, three terminal devices under the left complement 2.1 are assumed, namely, a terminal device 1 with an IP address 2.1.207.2.2.1, a terminal device 2 with an IP address 2.1.204.2.2.1, and a terminal device 3 with an IP address 2.1.197.2.2.1. And the route forwarding device 3 can determine the receiving end as the terminal device 1 according to the extracted left supplementary information and the original address. And finally, sending the message sent by the sending end to the terminal equipment 1.

The scenario illustrated in fig. 7 is only an optional implementation manner in the embodiment of the present application, and does not limit an implementation method of the routing forwarding device in the embodiment of the present application, for example, the routing forwarding device in the embodiment of the present application may forward according to an existing forwarding manner.

According to the method for expanding the two IP addresses by the expansion mode, under the condition that the existing IPv4 or IPv6 address length is fixed and cannot be expanded, the original IP address is compensated right by adding the expansion field, a smooth expansion mode is provided, the problems that the existing IP address is weak in degree of freedom and cannot be expanded are effectively solved, the degree of freedom of the applied IP address is higher, the number of available IP addresses is more, and the continuity is higher.

It should be noted that there is no restriction on the order among the several stages described in the embodiments of the present application, and in the execution process, not every stage needs to be re-executed every time. For example, in the stage one, if the DNS system has already configured the correspondence between the left-supplemented IP address and the URL, then when the subsequent source terminal device accesses the destination terminal device, because the DNS system has already configured the correspondence between the left-supplemented IP address and the URL, the stage one does not need to be executed again, and the query request may be directly sent to the DNS system.

And the expansion mode is three, and the left supplement and the right supplement expansion are carried out on the original IP address.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the address of the terminal device is set as a left complement address bit + an original address + a right complement address bit.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the correspondence between the IP address and the URL after the left complement address bit + the right complement address bit is issued in the DNS system.

For example, in an optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between URLs and IP addresses stored in the DNS system after the IP addresses are extended is shown in table 23 below.

Table 23 correspondence between URL and IP address in left complement + right complement extension mode

For example, in another optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between URLs and IP addresses stored in the DNS system after the IP addresses are extended is shown in table 24 below.

Website address	Left supplement length	Extended IP address	Right complement length
				www.rongyao.com	16bit	1.1.191.2.1.1.1.1	16bit
www.lianxiang.com	8bit	2.191.2.1.1.2.1	16bit
				www.xinlang.com	16bit	2.1.187.1.2.1.1	8bit
www.baidu.com	24bit	1.1.154.1.2.1.2.1.1	24bit

TABLE 24 correspondence between URL and IP address under left complement + right complement expansion

The second IP address (i.e., the extended IP address) is obtained by performing left address compensation bit and right address compensation bit on the first IP address (i.e., the original IP address) in a manner of shifting the first IP address by the complementary address bit.

For example, in yet another optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, a correspondence between URLs and IP addresses stored in the DNS system after the IP addresses are extended is shown in table 25 below

Website address	Left complement address bit	Extended IP address	Right complement address bit
				www.rongyao.com	1.1	1.1.191.2.1.1.1.1	1.1
www.lianxiang.com	2	2.191.2.1.1.2.1	2.1
				www.xinlang.com	2.1	2.1.187.1.2.1.1	1
www.baidu.com	1.1	1.1.154.1.2.1.2.1.1	1.1

TABLE 25 correspondence between the third URL and IP address under left-complement and right-complement expansion

And a second stage: the first device configures a new communication packet.

After receiving the query request sent by the terminal device 1, the DNS may determine, according to the correspondence between the URL and the IP address, that the first IP address corresponding to the website address of www.rongyao.com that the terminal device 1 wants to access is 191.2.1.1, the left complement address bit is 1.1, and the right complement address bit is 1.1.

Illustratively, the original IP address corresponding to the website address of www.rongyao.com in the response message is 191.2.1.1, and the left complement address bit is 1.1 and the right complement address bit is 1.1.

Further, the IP address used by the current destination terminal device is an IP address after left complement and right complement, and the response message returned by the DNS according to the query request includes an original IP address of 191.2.1.1, a left complement address bit of 1.1, and a right complement address bit of 1.1. Therefore, after receiving the response message sent by the DNS, the terminal device 1 may determine, according to the original IP address 191.2.1.1, the complementary left address bit 1.1, and the complementary right address bit 1.1 included in the response message, that the second device corresponding to the website of www.rongyao.com that is to be accessed is the terminal device corresponding to the IP address 1.1.191.2.1.1.1.1.

Specifically, the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application can identify a format of a response message sent by the expanded DNS, and can determine, according to the received response message sent by the DNS, a second IP address, a first IP address, a left complement address bit, and a right complement address bit to perform splicing, and the like.

Illustratively, if a response message fed back by the DNS system includes a first IP address and a left supplementary address bit and a right supplementary address bit for splicing, after receiving the response message, the first device splices the first IP address and the left supplementary address bit and the right supplementary address bit in the response message, and determines the spliced address as an IP address of the second device.

For example, the first IP address in the response message is 191.2.1.1, and the complementary left address bit is 1.1 and the complementary right address bit is 1.1, so that the first device can obtain the IP address of the spliced second device, that is, 1.1.191.2.1.1.1.1, from the response message.

Illustratively, if the response message fed back by the DNS system includes the second IP address, the left complement address bit, and the right complement address bit, the first device directly determines the second IP address included in the response message as the IP address of the second device after receiving the response message. In addition, the first device may perform splicing according to the second IP address and the left and right complementary address bits to determine the first IP address.

For example, the second IP address in the response message is 1.1.191.2.1.1.1.1, and the complementary left address bit is 1.1 and the complementary right address bit is 1.1, so that the first device can determine the IP address of the second device, i.e., 1.1.191.2.1.1.1.1, and determine the first IP address is 191.2.1.1 according to the response message.

Further, since the length information, format, and the like of the IP address change, that is, since the address is extended in the embodiment of the present application, in order to successfully complete forwarding in the communication transmission process, it is further necessary to issue a prefix after left and right padding to the network, that is, when the terminal device 1 sends a communication packet and forwards the communication packet, it is necessary to configure a communication packet capable of indicating the IP address after left and right padding.

In this embodiment of the present application, there are various ways in which the terminal device configures the communication packet capable of indicating the IP address after left and right complementation, and the method is not limited to the following.

Expression mode 1: and adopting an extension field to bear a right complement address bit and a left complement address bit.

Illustratively, for example, IPv4, IPv4 is adopted to extend one field or two fields, and carry right complement address bits and left complement address bits. The right complement + left complement extension of IPv4 is shown in table 26 below.

Table 26 IPv4 address expansion intention table

Expression mode 2: and adopting an extension field to bear the length of the right complement address and the length of the left complement address.

Specifically, in the process of right compensation and left compensation of the first IP address, the communication message records the specific IP address after the expansion is completed, and in addition, the communication message also records the length of the left compensation address and the length of the right compensation address. Therefore, the first IP address and the specific left complementary address bit and right complementary address bit can be obtained according to the left complementary address length, the right complementary address length and the second IP address after the expansion.

In an optional manner in this embodiment of the application, the updated communication packet includes a second IP address of the second device, and a right supplementary address length and a left supplementary address length of the second IP address; or the updated message includes the second IP address, the right complement address length and the left complement address length of the second IP address, and the extended IP address of the first device and the right complement address length and the left complement address length of the extended IP address of the first device.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the length of the left complement address and/or the length of the right complement address may not be defined in advance, and the length of the left complement address and/or the length of the right complement address may be designed and adjusted according to different requirements each time. That is to say, in the embodiment of the present application, when the communication packet of the IP address after left and right compensation is represented by the representation manner 2, the length of the extended IP address may be determined according to an actual situation.

Illustratively, as shown in table 27 below, the length of the left complement address and the length of the right complement address are recorded in the message.

Record the length of the left complement and the right complement address in the table 27 message

Because the extended address is determined as required, the length of the left complement and/or the right complement address can be adjusted according to the actual situation by the expression mode 2, so that the method and the device have stronger applicability and better improve the flexibility of address allocation.

The content of the representation 3 in the third expansion manner in this embodiment is similar to the content of the representation 3 introduced in the first expansion manner and the content of the representation 3 introduced in the second expansion manner, and specific reference is made to and combined with the description of the representation 3 in the first expansion manner and the second expansion manner, which is not described herein again.

Expression mode 4: a new communication messaging protocol is defined.

In an optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, when address expansion is performed simultaneously through left complement and right complement, the upper bits of the original address are directly and continuously added to the original address, and the lower bits of the original address are continuously added to the original address.

For example, if the initial address length is Nbits and a left-complement-right-complement boundary is recorded, e.g., right-complement Mbits, it indicates that the lower Mbits of the augmented address is right-complement, and left-complement Hbits indicates that the upper Hbits of the augmented address is left-complement.

For example, assume that the current IP address is 1000001, the left complement length is 0, and the right complement length is also 0, as shown in table 28 below.

IP address: 1000001

Left-side length compensation: 0

Right compensation length: 0

IP Address representation without Table 28 augmentation

If left-complement and right-complement are performed, a new address 10100000101 is left-complement and right-complement on the original 1000001, and the extended IP addresses are as shown in the following table 29.

Table 29 shows IP addresses augmented by left and right complements

In the above example, in terms of logical meaning, it is equivalent to define a boundary between left expansion and right expansion, and for 10100000101 described in table 27, it is equivalent to divide the boundary into three parts of 10, 1000001 and 01, and the address can be either left-extended by 100001 or right-extended by 01, since this expansion is flexible, we adopt the above-mentioned Varint expression to expand.

Furthermore, left complement and right complement can be performed in multiple levels in the address, that is, boundaries of multiple levels are defined, for example, one level is global, one level is national, one level is operator, and the like, and multi-level allocation can be performed in an organization.

Since the length information, format, and the like of the IP address are changed, that is, since the address is extended in the embodiment of the present application, in order to successfully complete the route lookup in the communication transmission process, it is further necessary to perform extension of the routing protocol, that is, corresponding address extension information, for example, a left complementary address bit and a right complementary address bit, is added to the route advertisement, so that a route lookup tree based on left complementary and right complementary extension of the original IP address is formed in the router.

In an optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, the length information of the left supplementary address and the length information of the right supplementary address need to be added in the route advertisement.

For example, assuming that the IP addresses after left and right complement extensions are 1.1.191.1.1.1.1, the format of the advertisement after the extension of the present invention is shown in the following table 30:

prefix: 191.1.1

Total address length: 40

Left-side length compensation: 16

Right compensation length: 16

Next hop

Table 30 advertisement formats in route advertisements with left and right complements extended

Further, in the embodiment of the present application, after the route advertisement is completed, a route lookup tree is formed in the router, and the router receiving the route prefix completes creation of the Trie lookup tree. It should be noted that, in the third extension method in the embodiment of the present application, the first extension method and the second extension method are combined, that is, in the construction of the Trie tree of the router, a new tree root is added upwards and a new branch is extended downwards under the original IP address.

Further, based on the descriptions of the above stages, when the source terminal device accesses the target terminal device according to the target website in the embodiment of the present application, specific access steps may be as shown in fig. 5, that is, the content related to the right complement in fig. 5 is changed into left complement + right complement, which is not described herein again.

According to the embodiment of the application, the IP address is expanded in the third expansion mode, the original IP address can be subjected to left compensation and right compensation by adding the expansion field under the condition that the existing IPv4 address is fixed in length and cannot be expanded, and a smooth expansion mode is provided, so that the problems that the existing IP address is weak in degree of freedom and cannot be expanded are effectively solved, the applied IP address is higher in degree of freedom, more available IP addresses are provided, and the continuity is higher.

Through the above description of the present application, it can be understood that, in order to implement the above functions, the above-described devices include hardware structures and/or software units for performing the respective functions. Those of skill in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software, with the exemplary elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a function is performed as hardware or computer software drives hardware depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus for IP address expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least a processor 800 and a memory 801. The memory 801 stores a program 802. The processor 800, the memory 801 and the communication interface are connected through a system bus and communicate with each other.

Processor 800 is a single-core or multi-core central processing unit, either a specific integrated circuit or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention. The memory 801 may be a high-speed RAM memory, or may be a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one hard disk memory. The memory 801 is used to store computer-executable instructions. Specifically, the computer-executable instructions may include a program 802.

When the IP address expansion apparatus is running, the processor 800 runs the program 802 to execute the method flows executed by the first device in S500-S509 shown in fig. 5; or to perform a method flow such as that performed by the DNS in S500-S509 shown in fig. 5; or to perform the method flows performed by the route forwarding device in S500-S509, for example, as shown in fig. 5.

As shown in fig. 9, the present invention provides an IP address expansion apparatus;

in an optional manner of this embodiment of the present application, when the apparatus is a first device, the apparatus includes:

a transceiver module 900, configured to send a query request to a domain name system DNS, where the query request includes a target website to be accessed by the first device; receiving a response message sent by the DNS, wherein the response message is used for responding to the query request, and the response message comprises a first IP address of second equipment corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address;

a processing module 901, configured to generate a communication packet with the second device, where a destination IP address field in the communication packet carries a second IP address of the second device, and the second IP address is obtained by performing left and/or right address bit supplementation on the first IP address according to a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit for the first IP address;

the transceiver module 900 is further configured to send the communication packet to a route forwarding device, so that the route forwarding device completes forwarding of the communication packet to the second device according to the second IP address.

a processing module 901, configured to generate a communication packet with the second device, where a destination IP address field in the communication packet carries a first IP address of the second device and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address;

the transceiver module 900 is further configured to send the communication packet to a route forwarding device, so that the route forwarding device determines a second IP address of the second device according to the first IP address and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address, and completes forwarding of the communication packet to the second device according to the second IP address.

In an optional manner of the embodiment of the present application, when the device is a DNS, the method includes:

a transceiver module 900, configured to receive an inquiry request sent by a first device, where the inquiry request includes a target website to be accessed by the first device;

a processing module 901, configured to generate a response message for responding to the query request, where the response message includes a first IP address of a second device corresponding to the target website and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit from the first IP address;

the transceiver module 900 is further configured to send the response message to the first device.

In an optional manner of this embodiment of the present application, when the apparatus is a route forwarding device, the apparatus includes:

a transceiver module 900, configured to receive a communication packet from a first device, where a destination IP address field in the communication packet carries a first IP address of a second device and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address;

a processing module 901, configured to determine a second IP address of the second device, where the second IP address is obtained by performing left and/or right address bit compensation on the first IP address according to a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address;

the transceiver module 900 is further configured to complete forwarding of the communication packet to the second device according to the second IP address.

The functions of the transceiver module 900 and the processing module 901 described above in fig. 9 may be performed by the processor 800 running the program 802, or may be performed by the processor 800 alone.

Alternatively, when the route forwarding device runs, the processing module may execute the method flows in S500-S509 shown in fig. 5, for example.

In some possible embodiments, the various aspects of the method for IP address expansion provided by the embodiments of the present invention may also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code for causing a computer device to perform the steps in the method for IP address expansion according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention described in this specification, when the program code runs on the computer device.

The program product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

A program product for IP address expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention may employ a portable compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may be run on a server device. However, the program product of the present invention is not limited thereto, and in this document, the readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program, which can be used by or in connection with an IP-extended apparatus or device.

A readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable signal medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the periodic network action system, apparatus, or device.

Program code embodied on a readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

Program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of a remote computing device, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device.

The embodiment of the application also provides a readable storage medium of the computing equipment aiming at the method for expanding the IP address, namely, the content is not lost after the power is cut off. The storage medium stores therein a software program comprising program code which, when executed on a computing device, when read and executed by one or more processors, implements any of the above methods of IP address expansion of embodiments of the present application.

The present application is described above with reference to block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus (systems) and/or computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that one block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, and/or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.

Accordingly, the subject application may also be embodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.). Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-usable or computer-readable storage medium having computer-usable or computer-readable program code embodied in the medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system. In the context of this application, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Various embodiments are described in detail herein with reference to various flow diagrams, but it should be understood that the flow diagrams and their associated description of the corresponding embodiments are merely exemplary for ease of understanding and should not be construed as limiting the present application in any way. It is not necessary that each step in the flowcharts be performed, and some steps may be skipped, for example. In addition, the execution sequence of each step is not fixed or limited to that shown in the figures, and the execution sequence of each step should be determined by the function and the inherent logic of each step.

The multiple embodiments described in this application can be executed in any combination or in an intersection of steps, the execution order of each embodiment and the execution order of the steps of each embodiment are not fixed and are not limited to the order shown in the drawings, and the execution order of each embodiment and the intersection of the execution order of each step of each embodiment should be determined by their functions and inherent logic.

Although the present application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be evident that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, the specification and figures are merely exemplary of the present application as defined in the appended claims and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the present application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An IP address expansion method, comprising:

a first device sends a query request to a Domain Name System (DNS), wherein the query request comprises a target website to be accessed by the first device;

the first device receives a response message sent by the DNS, wherein the response message is used for responding to the query request, and the response message comprises a first IP address of a second device corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address;

the first device generates a communication message with the second device, a destination IP address field in the communication message bears a second IP address of the second device, and the second IP address is obtained by performing left supplement and/or right supplement on the first IP address according to a mode of shifting the first IP address to supplement an address bit;

and the first equipment sends the communication message to route forwarding equipment so that the route forwarding equipment completes the forwarding of the communication message to the second equipment according to the second IP address.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the DNS stores a correspondence of the destination web address, the first IP address of the second device, and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address; the mode comprises one or more of a left complement address bit, a right complement address bit, a left complement address length and a right complement address length.

3. An IP address expansion method, comprising:

a Domain Name System (DNS) receives a query request sent by first equipment, wherein the query request comprises a target website to be accessed by the first equipment;

the DNS generates a response message for responding to the query request, wherein the response message comprises a first IP address of second equipment corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address;

the DNS sends the response message to the first device.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the DNS stores a correspondence of the destination web address, the first IP address of the second device, and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address; the mode comprises one or more of a left complement address bit, a right complement address bit, a left complement address length and a right complement address length;

the DNS generates a response message for responding to the query request, comprising:

the DNS queries the corresponding relation according to a target website to be accessed by the first equipment and contained in the query request to obtain a first IP address of second equipment corresponding to the target website and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address;

and the DNS carries the obtained first IP address and a mode of shifting the first IP address by a supplementary address bit in a response message for responding the query request.

5. An IP address expansion method, comprising:

the first device generates a communication message with the second device, and a destination IP address field in the communication message bears a first IP address of the second device and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit for the first IP address;

and the first equipment sends the communication message to route forwarding equipment so that the route forwarding equipment determines a second IP address of the second equipment according to the first IP address and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit to the first IP address, and completes the forwarding of the communication message to the second equipment according to the second IP address.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the DNS stores a correspondence of the destination web address, the first IP address of the second device, and a manner of shifting a supplemental address bit to the first IP address; the mode comprises one or more of a left complement address bit, a right complement address bit, a left complement address length and a right complement address length.

7. An IP address expansion method, comprising:

a route forwarding device receives a communication message from a first device, wherein a destination IP address field in the communication message bears a first IP address of a second device and a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit to the first IP address;

the route forwarding equipment determines a second IP address of the second equipment, wherein the second IP address is obtained by performing left supplement and/or right supplement on the first IP address according to a mode of shifting a supplementary address bit on the first IP address;

and the routing forwarding equipment completes the forwarding of the communication message to the second equipment according to the second IP address.

8. An apparatus for expanding an IP address, comprising:

9. An apparatus for expanding an IP address, comprising:

10. An apparatus for expanding an IP address, comprising:

11. An apparatus for expanding an IP address, comprising:

12. An expansion system of an IP address is characterized by comprising a first device, a Domain Name System (DNS), at least one route forwarding device and a second device;

the first device for performing the method of claim 1 or 2;

the DNS for performing the method of claim 3 or 4;

13. An expansion system of an IP address is characterized by comprising a first device, a Domain Name System (DNS), at least one route forwarding device and a second device;

the first device to perform the method of claim 5 or 6;

the DNS for performing the method of claim 3 or 4;

the route forwarding device configured to perform the method of claim 7.

14. A computer-readable storage medium comprising computer instructions which, when run on an IP extension device, cause the IP extension device to perform the method steps of claim 1 or 2; or to carry out the method steps as claimed in claim 3 or 4; or the method steps according to claim 5 or 6; or to perform the method steps of claim 7.