CN113872665B - Uplink multi-user detection method for multi-beam satellite mobile communication system - Google Patents
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0426—Power distribution
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- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18532—Arrangements for managing transmission, i.e. for transporting data or a signalling message
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18532—Arrangements for managing transmission, i.e. for transporting data or a signalling message
- H04B7/18534—Arrangements for managing transmission, i.e. for transporting data or a signalling message for enhancing link reliablility, e.g. satellites diversity
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses an uplink multiuser detection method of a multibeam satellite mobile communication system, belonging to the technical field of satellite mobile communication. Firstly, a system model of multi-beam satellite communication is constructed, an uplink receiving channel matrix is simplified by utilizing the characteristic of concentrated channel energy of an uplink beam domain, the uplink receiving channel matrix is equivalent to a period N diagonal matrix, and the computational complexity in LMMSE detection is reduced by utilizing a Jacobi iteration method. The invention simplifies the system model, effectively reduces the number of required pilot frequency and channel estimation, and greatly reduces the computation complexity of the multi-user MMSE detector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite mobile communication, in particular to an uplink multi-user detection method of a multi-beam satellite mobile communication system.
Background
The satellite mobile communication has the advantages of large coverage area, strong terrain adaptability and the like, and can form a global seamless coverage heaven-earth integrated communication network, thereby meeting the ubiquitous multi-user service demands of users and being rapidly developed in recent years. In order to improve the performance of the satellite mobile communication system, it is considered to combine the satellite system with the terrestrial MIMO technology based on the requirement of high capacity of satellite services.
The MIMO technology can significantly improve the frequency band utilization rate under the condition of not increasing the system transmission power and the system bandwidth through the introduction of space dimension, and through decades of research and development, MIMO is mature, and has successfully occupied a place in the key technology of the wireless communication system. Successful application of MIMO technology to terrestrial cellular systems has prompted satellite communication researchers to begin actively attempting to combine MIMO technology with satellite communication systems. In recent years, multi-beam technology is mostly adopted in existing orbiting satellites, and throughput can be greatly improved by the multi-beam technology, so that multi-beam satellite MIMO systems are increasingly used. The problem of inter-beam interference and frequency interference caused by multi-beam satellites using frequency multiplexing within multiple beams to increase communication capacity is also becoming increasingly serious.
The conventional method commonly uses an MMSE equalization method to reduce the problem of interference between beams, but when the number of beams increases, the computation complexity of MMSE detection increases sharply, especially the complexity of matrix inversion operation therein increases in a cubic index, and in a practical system, the problem of calculation capability and time needs to be considered, so that the implementation is difficult. The MMSE detection based on the Jacobi iteration method can effectively reduce the computation complexity of the MMSE detection, the computation complexity of the MMSE detection increases along with the number of wave beams in a square index, and the MMSE detection still has higher challenges for a satellite mobile system with limited on-board computation processing capacity unlike a ground processing system. Therefore, an uplink multi-user detection method of a multi-beam satellite mobile communication system is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method is simple and effective, reduces the number of required pilot frequency and channel estimation, greatly reduces the calculation complexity of a detector, has better anti-interference performance and simpler system model of a receiving end.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical proposal, and the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: let us assume satellite configuration N B Each beam has a user transmitting uplink signal to satellite using same time-frequency resource, and the user side configures single antenna;
s2: assume thatRepresenting the channel response from the user in the kth beam to the ith receiving beam, the satellite side uplink receiving channel matrix is: />
S3: the users are transmitted according to the position scheduling, the satellite side only considers the channel responses of the users on the corresponding wave beam and the adjacent N-1 wave beams, and ignores the channel responses on other wave beams, and at the moment, the channel matrixCan be simplified to a period N diagonal matrix;
s4: and reducing the computational complexity of the uplink multi-user MMSE detection by using the Jacobi iterative method.
Further, in the step S1, the users with a single antenna in each beam transmit uplink signals to the satellite using the same time-frequency resource, and the terrestrial users and the satellite form N B Hair N B And a received uplink multi-user MIMO system.
Further, in the step S2, a satellite side receiving channel matrixThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the channel fading matrix, xi represents the shadow model of each user, and B is the beam gain matrix; channel fading matrix->The random diagonal matrix is composed of independent homodisperse non-zero mean complex numbers, and is expressed as follows by using a Rician fading model:
wherein, K is the Lais factor,to determine the diagonal matrix, the direct path signal fading model is represented,/->A diagonal matrix with independent and same distribution of diagonal elements is used for representing a non-direct path signal fading model; the xi represents the shadow model of each user, a diagonal matrix; element bji in beam gain matrix B is the power gain factor from the user in the ith beam to the jth receive beamSon, expressed as:
b ji (θ ji )=b max ·η(θ ji )
wherein ,θji Representing the angle between the user in the ith beam and the center of the jth receive beam, b max For the path propagation loss, η (θ ji ) Gain for antenna radiation; the uplink receive channel matrix is expressed as:
Further, in the step S3, the satellite side considers only the channel responses of the user K to the corresponding beam K and the adjacent (K- (N-1)/2) to (K-1) and (k+1) to (k+ (N-1)/2) beams, ignoring the other N B The channel response on the N beams is reduced to 0, at which time the uplink receive channel matrixReduced to a period N diagonal matrix, as follows:
further, in the step S3, after the channel matrix is simplified, the channel estimation for each user is made up of N B The number of times is reduced to N times.
Further, in the step S4, the received signal of the uplink multi-user MIMO system is:
wherein ,and x are column vectors in NB dimension, < >>Gaussian white noise in NB dimension; LMMSE detection of the above formula is expressed as:
due to the channel matrixIs of dimension N B The computational complexity of matrix inversion in LMMSE equalization will therefore be reachedBy means of a diagonal simplification of the channel matrix period N +.>Reduced to a periodic N diagonal matrix->ThenFor the period 2N-1 diagonal matrix, the calculation is performed by Jacobi iteration method, and the +.>Split into the following forms:
wherein D isDiagonal of middle diagonal element compositionMatrix, R ND Is->In a matrix of elements other than diagonal elements), the received signal is expressed as:
further simplifying to obtain Jacobi iterative form as follows:
wherein ,the iteration initial value is set to zero, i.e. +.>The LMMSE detection iteration is of the form:
wherein ,in the method, the matrix inversion process is degenerated to diagonal matrix inversion for MMSE filter matrix, and the calculation complexity based on the channel matrix period N diagonal equivalent and Jacobi iterative detection method is reduced to O (N.N) B )。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: compared with the existing satellite communication system MIMO detection method, the method is obtained by improving the traditional DIM-MMSE and Jacobi-based JIM-MMSE methods, the improved method is simple and effective, the number of required pilot frequency and channel estimation is reduced, the calculation complexity of a detector is greatly reduced, the performance of the system is improved, and the method is worthy of popularization and use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of uplink multi-user transmission in a multi-beam satellite mobile communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 (a) shows a received beam power leakage pattern when the user normalized position offset δ=0 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 (b) shows a received beam power leakage pattern when the user normalized position offset δ=0.1 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 (c) shows a received beam power leakage pattern when the user normalized position offset δ=0.3 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 (d) shows a received beam power leakage pattern when the user normalized position offset δ=0.5 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of uplink received beam energy distribution of a multi-beam satellite mobile communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the examples of the present invention, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Assuming that a large-scale antenna array is configured on the satellite side, N is generated through beam forming B A one-dimensional uplink receive beam as shown in fig. 1. Each beam has a user transmitting uplink signals to the satellite using the same time-frequency resource, and the user side configures a single antenna. In the satellite transmission channel, the scatterers are distributed near the ground terminal, and the angular spread of the uplink signal from each user to the satellite is small.
The uplink received signal may be expressed as:
wherein ,represents N B Received signal on individual beams, < >>Represents N B Transmitting signals of individual users, channel matrix->The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the channel fading matrix, xi represents the shadow model for each user and B is the beam gain matrix. Channel fading matrix->The random diagonal matrix is composed of independent homodisperse non-zero mean complex numbers, and is expressed as follows by using a Rician fading model:
wherein, K is the Lais factor,to determine the diagonal matrix, the direct path signal fading model is represented,/->And (5) representing a non-direct path signal fading model for a diagonal array with diagonal elements independently and uniformly distributed. The xi represents the shadow model of each user, also a diagonal matrix. Element B in beam gain matrix B ji The power gain factor for the user in the ith beam to the jth receive beam is expressed as:
b ji (θ ji )=b max ·η(θ ji )
wherein ,θji Representing the angle between the user in the ith beam and the center of the jth receive beam, b max For the path propagation loss, η (θ ji ) Gain for antenna radiation; thus, the uplink receive channel matrix can be expressed as:
In MU-MIMO systems, where the LMMSE detection algorithm is widely used, near-optimal detection performance can be achieved, and LMMSE detection of the uplink received signal can be expressed as:
the computational complexity due to matrix inversion in LMMSE equalization isThe computational complexity is high, when the number of beams N B When larger, practical systems are difficult to implement. />
Defining the normalized position offset of the user in the ith beam as:
wherein ,θi bc For the i-th beam center angle,is the 3dB beamwidth of the ith beam. Suppose that the user is on a beamThe more the user position offset is, the greater the energy leaked to other beams is, the more serious the inter-beam interference is caused, as shown in fig. 2, and the power gain of each user is concentrated on the present beam and the adjacent several beams.
The energy distribution of the entire uplink receive beam is shown in fig. 3. Since the uplink signal power of the user in the kth beam is mainly concentrated in the kth beam and on several adjacent beams, the power reaching the remaining beams is almost 0. Thus, the channel can be matrix-formed by utilizing the characteristic of beam energy concentrationTo simplify, the satellite side only considers the channel responses of the user K to the corresponding beam K and adjacent (K- (N-1)/2) - (K-1) and (k+1) - (k+ (N-1)/2) beams, ignoring the other N B The channel response on the N beams is reduced to 0. Therefore, the channel matrix considers only N main diagonal elements, with the remaining elements omitted. At this time, the beam domain channel matrix +.>Also equivalent to a period N diagonal matrix, expressed as:
in the method for carrying out periodic N diagonal equivalence on the beam domain channel matrix, each beam only needs to reserve the channel response coefficients of the beam and the adjacent N-1 beams, each beam only needs to carry out N times of channel estimation in the channel estimation of the uplink receiving end, and only needs N orthogonal pilots in each uplink transmission process. In the conventional MMSE detection method, each beam needs to estimate the channel response of all beams, i.e., each beam needs to perform N B Secondary channel estimation, in each uplink transmission process, N is needed B And orthogonal pilots. Therefore, the method based on the channel matrix period N diagonal of the invention can lead the required orthogonalityThe number of frequencies is from N B Down to N, the required channel estimation times are reduced fromReduced to N.N B 。
By using the method of diagonal simplification of the channel matrix period N,reduced to a periodic N diagonal matrix->Then +.>For a period 2N-1 diagonal matrix, calculation is performed by Jacobi iteration, first of all, +.>Split into the following forms:
wherein D isDiagonal matrix of mid-diagonal elements, R ND Is->In a matrix of elements other than diagonal elements), the received signal may be expressed as:
further simplifying to obtain Jacobi iterative form as follows:
wherein ,the iteration initial value is set to zero, i.e. +.>The LMMSE detection iteration is of the form:
wherein ,for the MMSE filter matrix, the matrix inversion process in the method is degenerated into diagonal matrix inversion. Therefore, the computational complexity based on the channel matrix period N diagonal equivalence and Jacobi iterative detection method is determined by the traditional methodReduce to O (N.N) B ) And in general, the value of N is far smaller than N B 。
In summary, compared with the existing satellite communication system MIMO detection method, the uplink multi-user detection method of the multi-beam satellite mobile communication system of the above embodiment is obtained by improving the conventional DIM-MMSE and Jacobi-based JIM-MMSE methods, and the improved method is simple and effective, reduces the number of required pilot frequency and channel estimation, greatly reduces the computational complexity of the detector, improves the performance of the system, and is worth being popularized and used.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. An uplink multi-user detection method of a multi-beam satellite mobile communication system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: let us assume satellite configuration N B Each beam has a user transmitting uplink signal to satellite using same time-frequency resource, and the user side configures single antenna;
s2: assume thatRepresenting the channel response from the user in the kth beam to the ith receiving beam, the satellite side uplink receiving channel matrix is:
s3: the users are transmitted according to the position scheduling, the satellite side only considers the channel responses of the users on the corresponding wave beam and the adjacent N-1 wave beams, and ignores the channel responses on other wave beams, and at the moment, the channel matrixSimplifying the matrix into a period N diagonal matrix;
s4: reducing the computational complexity of the uplink multi-user MMSE detection by using an iterative mode of Jacobi;
wherein ,for the channel fading matrix, each is denoted byA shadow model of a user, B is a beam gain matrix; channel fading matrix->The random diagonal matrix is composed of independent homodisperse non-zero mean complex numbers, and is expressed as follows by using a Rician fading model:
wherein, K is the Lais factor,to determine the diagonal matrix, the direct path signal fading model is represented,/->A diagonal matrix with independent and same distribution of diagonal elements is used for representing a non-direct path signal fading model; the xi represents the shadow model of each user, a diagonal matrix; element B in beam gain matrix B ji The power gain factor for the user in the ith beam to the jth receive beam is expressed as:
b ji (θ ji )=b max ·η(θ ji )
wherein ,θji Representing the angle between the user in the ith beam and the center of the jth receive beam, b max For the path propagation loss, η (θ ji ) Gain for antenna radiation;
in said step S3, the satellite side considers only the channel responses of user K to the corresponding beam K and the adjacent (K- (N-1)/2) to (K-1) and (k+1) to (k+ (N-1)/2) beams, ignoring the other N B The channel response on the N beams is reduced to 0, at which time the uplink receive channel matrixReduced to a period N diagonal matrix, as follows:
2. the method for uplink multiuser detection in a multi-beam satellite mobile communication system according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the users with a single antenna in each beam transmit uplink signals to the satellite using the same time-frequency resource, and the terrestrial users and the satellite form N B Hair N B And a received uplink multi-user MIMO system.
3. The method for uplink multiuser detection in a multi-beam satellite mobile communication system according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, after the channel matrix is simplified, the channel estimation for each user is made up of N B The number of times is reduced to N times.
4. The method for uplink multiuser detection in a multi-beam satellite mobile communication system according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the received signal of the uplink multi-user MIMO system is:
wherein ,and x is N B Column vector of dimension, ">Is N B White gaussian noise in dimension; LMMSE detection of the above formula is expressed as:
due to the channel matrixIs of dimension N B The computational complexity of matrix inversion in LMMSE equalization will therefore reach +.>By means of a diagonal simplification of the channel matrix period N +.>Reduced to a periodic N diagonal matrix->Then->For the period 2N-1 diagonal matrix, the calculation is performed by Jacobi iteration method, and the +.>Split into the following forms:
wherein D isDiagonal matrix of mid-diagonal elements, R ND Is->In a matrix of elements other than diagonal elements), the received signal is expressed as:
further simplifying to obtain Jacobi iterative form as follows:
wherein ,the iteration initial value is set to zero, i.e. +.>The LMMSE detection iteration is of the form:
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