CN113872631A

CN113872631A - Transceiver device and base station

Info

Publication number: CN113872631A
Application number: CN202010615408.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王强; 曹杰
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-30
Filing date: 2020-06-30
Publication date: 2021-12-31
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-30
Also published as: CN113872631B; WO2022001672A1

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a transceiver device and a base station, and relates to the field of communication. The transceiver device of the embodiment of the application can be provided with a circulator, the circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, the first port is connected with the oscillator through a matching circuit, the second port is connected with the transmitting channel through a first filter, and the third port is connected with the receiving channel through a second filter. In the embodiment of the present application, because the circulator is used in the transceiver to achieve a higher isolation, the performance requirements of the embodiment of the present application on the first filter and the second filter are low, so that the transceiver of the embodiment of the present application can achieve low cost and high performance.

Description

Transceiver device and base station

Technical Field

The present application relates to communications technologies, and in particular, to a transceiver and a base station.

Background

With the development of terminal technology, terminal devices put higher demands on wireless communication systems in terms of transmission rate, performance, system service capacity, and the like, and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) architectures of base station antennas are used in many wireless communication systems.

In a possible design, a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) MIMO antenna may include a transmit-receive integrated architecture and a transmit-receive separated architecture.

For example, fig. 1 shows a possible transceiver antenna architecture, where the antenna transceiver is unified, and does not provide isolation, which needs to be provided by a duplexer (e.g., a cavity duplexer). However, in this method, the performance of the duplexer is required to be high, and the duplexer is large in size and high in cost.

For example, fig. 2 shows a possible transmit-receive separation antenna architecture, where transmit-receive antennas are separated to provide a certain isolation, and the back end provides a certain isolation through a transmit-receive filter, so that the requirement on the performance of the filter is not high. However, the separate transmitting and receiving antennas reduce the performance of the antennas, the reciprocity of the transmitting and receiving antennas cannot be guaranteed, and the antennas need to occupy two positions, which has high cost, large area and strong coupling.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a transceiver device and a base station, which can enable a vibrator to occupy one position, realize better isolation and have low requirements on the performance of a filter, so that the transceiver device of the embodiment of the application can realize low cost and high performance.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transceiver apparatus, including: the circuit comprises N oscillators, N matching circuits, N circulators, N first filters, N second filters, N receiving channels and N transmitting channels. The transceiver device operates in at least two frequency bands. N is a natural number. The circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the first port is connected with the oscillator through the matching circuit. The second port is connected to the transmit path through a first filter. The third port is connected to the receive path through a second filter. And the matching circuit is used for conjugate matching of the oscillator and the circulator. The three ports of the circulator are configured as: isolation is from the transmit channel to the receive channel, isolation is from the transducer to the transmit channel, and isolation is from the receive channel to the transducer. And the signal is directly transmitted from the receiving channel to the transmitting channel, from the transmitting channel to the oscillator and from the oscillator to the receiving channel. And the first filter is used for filtering the uplink frequency band of the transmission channel. And the second filter is used for filtering the downlink frequency band of the receiving channel.

In this embodiment of the present application, when N is 1, the transceiver may be a single-polarization transceiver, and when N is 2, the transceiver may be a dual-polarization transceiver, because the transceiver utilizes a circulator to achieve high isolation, the performance requirements of the embodiment of the present application on the first filter and the second filter are low, so that the transceiver of the embodiment of the present application may achieve low cost and high performance.

In one possible design, the oscillator comprises four metal layers, wherein the four metal layers are a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer and a fourth metal layer in sequence. Wherein the first metal layer is configured to be directed to the layer. A second metal layer configured as a radiation layer. The third metal layer includes a floor layer and a gap. The fourth metal layer is configured as a feed layer. The third metal layer and the fourth metal layer are used for forming a microstrip feed structure. The signal of the fourth metal layer is coupled from the slot of the third metal layer to the second metal layer for radiation, and the first metal layer introduces a resonance point for the signal from the second metal layer. In the embodiment of the application, in a common oscillator structure with three metal layers, the first metal layer is added, so that a new impedance resonance point can be introduced, the bandwidth is increased, and the direction guiding effect and the gain improvement are realized.

In one possible design, a first dielectric layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second dielectric layer is disposed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, and a third dielectric layer is disposed between the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer. The dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer is less than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer. This may enable a better guiding effect based on the first metal layer, increasing the bandwidth.

In one possible design, the edge of the second metal layer is projected inside the edge of the first metal layer. This can achieve a better guiding effect based on the first metal layer, enhancing the bandwidth.

In one possible design, the slits include a first slit, a second slit, and a third slit, the second slit and the third slit are parallel, and the second slit and the third slit are both orthogonal to the first slit. The edge of the first gap is respectively connected with the second gap and the third gap. Therefore, the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer form a microstrip feed structure, signals are introduced to the I-shaped slot position from the feed layer, the signals are coupled to the radiation piece of the second metal layer from the slot position, and a new impedance resonance point is introduced through the first metal layer, so that the bandwidth can be increased, and the gain is improved.

In one possible design, the slit region formed by the first slit, the second slit and the third slit is horizontally or vertically symmetrical. And when the first gap is vertically projected onto the fourth metal layer, the projection point of the geometric center of the first gap on the fourth metal layer is positioned on the central line of the fourth metal layer. Through the symmetrical design, the two polarized impedance areas can be almost overlapped, so that the current distribution of the two polarizations is uniform, and the high isolation characteristic between the dual polarizations is realized.

In a possible design, N is 2, the polarizations of the 2 oscillators are respectively ± 45 ° polarization or 0/90 ° polarization, and when the slot regions of the two oscillators are perpendicularly projected on the second metal layers of the two oscillators, the geometric centers of the slot regions of the two oscillators are in a straight line with the geometric centers of the second metal layers of the two oscillators. Through the symmetrical design, the two polarized impedance areas can be almost overlapped, so that the current distribution of the two polarizations is uniform, and the high isolation characteristic between the dual polarizations is realized.

In one possible design, the matching circuit includes a capacitive matching circuit. The capacitance matching circuit comprises a first-order or multi-order capacitance matching unit, and the capacitance matching unit comprises a capacitor connected with the oscillator in parallel. Alternatively, the capacitance matching unit includes: a capacitor connected in parallel with the vibrator, and a microstrip line connected in series with the vibrator. The reflection coefficient characteristic of the oscillator after capacitance matching is greatly improved.

In one possible design, the matching circuit includes an open stub matching circuit. The open-circuit stub matching circuit comprises a first-order or multi-order open-circuit stub matching unit, and the open-circuit stub matching unit comprises an open-circuit line connected with the oscillator in parallel. Or, the open stub matching unit includes: an open circuit line connected in parallel with the vibrator, and a microstrip line connected in series with the vibrator. The reflection coefficient characteristic of the oscillator after the open-circuit stub matching is greatly improved.

In one possible design, a capacitive load is provided in the matching circuit for impedance matching.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transceiver apparatus, including: m oscillators, M matching circuits connected with the M oscillators, a circulator, a first filter, a second filter, a receiving channel and a transmitting channel. The transceiver device operates in at least two frequency bands. M is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the M matching circuits are connected with the first port through a common connecting port. The second port is connected to the transmit path through a first filter. The third port is connected to the receive path through a second filter. And the M matching circuits are used for conjugate matching of the M oscillators and the circulator. The three ports of the circulator are configured as: isolated from the transmit channel to the receive channel, isolated from the connection port to the transmit channel, and isolated from the receive channel to the connection port. And, from the receive path through to the transmit path, from the transmit path through to the connection port, and from the connection port through to the receive path. And the first filter is used for filtering the uplink frequency band of the transmission channel. And the second filter is used for filtering the downlink frequency band of the receiving channel. The transceiver device in the embodiment of the present application may be understood as an antenna array, and a circulator is used in the antenna array to achieve a high isolation degree, so that the performance requirements of the embodiment of the present application on the first filter and the second filter are low, so that the transceiver device in the embodiment of the present application may achieve low cost and high performance.

In one possible design, the matching circuit includes a capacitive matching circuit. The capacitance matching circuit comprises a first-order or multi-order capacitance matching unit, and the capacitance matching unit comprises a capacitor connected with the antenna in parallel. Alternatively, the capacitance matching unit includes: a capacitor connected in parallel with the vibrator, and a microstrip line connected in series with the vibrator.

In one possible design, the matching circuit includes an open stub matching circuit. The open stub matching circuit includes a first-order or multi-order open stub matching unit including an open line connected in parallel with the antenna. Or, the open stub matching unit includes: an open circuit line connected in parallel with the vibrator, and a microstrip line connected in series with the vibrator.

In one possible design, the oscillator comprises four metal layers, wherein the four metal layers are a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer and a fourth metal layer in sequence. Wherein the first metal layer is configured to be directed to the layer. A second metal layer configured as a radiation layer. The third metal layer includes a floor layer and a gap. The fourth metal layer is configured as a feed layer. The third metal layer and the fourth metal layer are used for forming a microstrip feed structure. The signal of the fourth metal layer is coupled from the slot of the third metal layer to the second metal layer for radiation, and the first metal layer introduces a resonance point for the signal from the second metal layer.

In one possible design, a first dielectric layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second dielectric layer is disposed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, and a third dielectric layer is disposed between the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer. The dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer is less than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric layer.

In one possible design, the edge of the second metal layer is projected inside the edge of the first metal layer.

In one possible design, the slits include a first slit, a second slit, and a third slit, the second slit and the third slit are parallel, and the second slit and the third slit are both orthogonal to the first slit. The edge of the first gap is respectively connected with the second gap and the third gap.

In one possible design, the slit region formed by the first slit, the second slit and the third slit is horizontally or vertically symmetrical. And when the first gap is vertically projected onto the fourth metal layer, the projection point of the geometric center of the first gap on the fourth metal layer is positioned on the central line of the fourth metal layer.

The beneficial effects of the possible design in the second aspect may refer to the description of the corresponding beneficial effects in the first aspect, which is not repeated herein.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transceiver apparatus, including: the antenna comprises a first radiation unit for transmitting signals, a second radiation unit for receiving signals, L first filters, L second filters, L receiving channels and L transmitting channels. The first radiating unit comprises L first oscillators, and the second radiating unit comprises L second oscillators. L is a natural number. The first radiating unit is connected with the transmitting channel through a first filter, and the second radiating unit is connected with the receiving channel through a second filter. The first radiating element and the second radiating element are configured to transceive coaxially. The transceiver coaxial comprises: the geometric center of the first radiation unit and the geometric center of the second radiation unit are positioned on the same vertical line. And the first filter is used for filtering the uplink frequency band of the transmission channel. And the second filter is used for filtering the downlink frequency band of the receiving channel. Therefore, the first oscillator used for sending and the second oscillator used for receiving are coaxially arranged, so that the oscillators occupy one position, better isolation is realized, and the transceiver device of the embodiment of the application can realize low cost and high performance.

In one possible design, the geometric center of the first radiating element and the geometric center of the second radiating element are located at the same point. Therefore, the first radiation unit and the first radiation unit are coplanar and do not overlap, and good isolation is achieved.

In one possible design, the first radiating element comprises 2 first elements and the second radiating element comprises 2 second elements. The 2 first oscillators form dual polarization by adopting an annular structure and differential feed. The 2 second elements adopt X polarization or ten polarization.

In one possible design, the ring structure is: each first oscillator is divided into two arms which are respectively positioned at the diagonal positions. Alternatively, each first vibrator is divided into two arms, which are respectively located in a horizontal or vertical position.

In one possible design, a partition wall is disposed between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit to separate the first radiation unit from the second radiation unit. In this way, a better isolation effect can be achieved between the first radiation element and the second radiation element by means of the partition wall.

In one possible design, the structure of the partition wall may include any one of the following: a metal wall structure, an electromagnetic band gap structure, a frequency selective surface, or an electromagnetic absorber.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a transceiver apparatus, including: the antenna comprises K first radiation units for transmitting signals, K second radiation units for receiving signals, Q first filters, Q second filters, Q receiving channels and Q transmitting channels. The first radiating unit comprises Q first oscillators, and the second radiating unit comprises Q second oscillators. Q is a natural number. K is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The K first radiating units are connected with the first filter through a common connecting port, the first filter is connected with the transmitting channel, the K second radiating units are connected with the second filter through a common connecting port, and the second filter is connected with the receiving channel. For one of the first radiating elements and one of the second radiating elements, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are configured to transceive coaxially. The transceiver coaxial comprises: the geometric center of the first radiation unit and the geometric center of the second radiation unit are positioned on the same vertical line. And the first filter is used for filtering the uplink frequency band of the transmission channel. And the second filter is used for filtering the downlink frequency band of the receiving channel. The transceiver device in the embodiment of the present application can be understood as an antenna array, and a first element for transmitting and a second element for receiving are coaxially disposed in the antenna array, so that the elements occupy one position, and a better isolation is achieved, so that the transceiver device in the embodiment of the present application can achieve low cost and high performance.

In one possible design, the geometric center of the first radiating element and the geometric center of the second radiating element are located at the same point.

In one possible design, a partition wall is disposed between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit to separate the first radiation unit from the second radiation unit.

The beneficial effects of the possible design in the fourth aspect may refer to the description of the corresponding beneficial effects in the third aspect, which is not repeated herein.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a base station, which includes any possible transceiver apparatus as described in the first aspect to the fourth aspect.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal device, which includes any possible transceiver apparatus as described in the first aspect to the fourth aspect.

It should be understood that beneficial effects achieved by the first aspect to the sixth aspect and corresponding possible implementation manners of the embodiments of the present application may be mutually referred to and are not described in detail.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a possible transmit-receive antenna architecture;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a possible transmit-receive split antenna architecture;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an architecture for implementing high isolation using a circulator according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of four metal layers provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an isolation index effect provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a graph of an impedance circle in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a matching circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a small real oscillator impedance and inductive oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating that the oscillator impedance is small and capacitive according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a low real oscillator impedance and no reactance characteristic according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating reflection coefficient effects after capacitance matching according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a Smith chart of the present application after capacitance matching;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a matching circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 16 is a diagram of a small real oscillator impedance and inductive oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating that the oscillator impedance is small and capacitive according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a low real oscillator impedance and no reactance characteristic according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of reflection coefficients after an open stub matching according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a slot-fed superposition matching circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a slot-fed superimposed matching circuit superimposed oscillator according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of a transceiver device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the polarization of a dipole provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of a transceiver according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the polarization of a dipole provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of an uplink ring structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of an uplink oscillator and a downlink oscillator provided in the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 28 is a schematic view of an uplink ring structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an uplink oscillator and a downlink oscillator provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of an uplink oscillator and a downlink oscillator provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 31 is a schematic view of an antenna array structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In the embodiments of the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same or similar items having substantially the same function and action. For example, the first port and the second port are only used for distinguishing different ports, and the sequence order thereof is not limited. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terms "first," "second," etc. do not denote any order or quantity, nor do the terms "first," "second," etc. denote any order or importance.

It is noted that, in the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to mean exemplary, illustrative, or descriptive. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "e.g.," is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present concepts related in a concrete fashion.

In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, wherein A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of the singular or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, c may be single or multiple.

The transceiver device according to the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an FDD MIMO system, where multiple elements (which may also be referred to as an antenna radiator, an antenna element, an antenna, or the like) may be disposed in the transceiver device, and one of the two transceiver devices may serve as a receiving end and the other may serve as a transmitting end in the MIMO system to perform communication.

In a possible implementation manner, the transceiver apparatus of the embodiment of the present application may be applied to a base station. The base station related to the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as a Radio Access Network (RAN) device. The base station may be a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in global system for mobile communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), a base station (nodeB, NB) in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), an evolved node B (eNB or eNodeB) in Long Term Evolution (LTE), a relay station or an access point, a base station in a 5G network, a base station in a future communication system, and the like, which are not limited herein.

In a possible implementation manner, the transceiver of the embodiment of the present application may be applied to a terminal device. The terminal device related to the embodiment of the application can be a wired terminal or a wireless terminal. The wireless terminal may be a device with wireless transceiving function. The terminal equipment related to the embodiment of the application can be deployed on land, and comprises indoor or outdoor, handheld or vehicle-mounted equipment; can also be deployed on the water surface (such as a ship and the like); and may also be deployed in the air (e.g., airplanes, balloons, satellites, etc.). The terminal device related to the embodiment of the present application may be a User Equipment (UE), where the UE includes a handheld device, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, or a computing device having a wireless communication function. Illustratively, the UE may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer, or a computer with wireless transceiving function. The terminal device may also be a Virtual Reality (VR) terminal device, an Augmented Reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in smart city (smart city), a wireless terminal in smart home (smart home), and so on. In the embodiment of the present application, the apparatus for implementing the function of the terminal may be the terminal, or may be an apparatus for supporting the terminal to implement the function.

The terminal device according to the embodiment of the present application may include a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on the hardware layer, and an application layer running on the operating system layer. The hardware layer includes hardware such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Memory Management Unit (MMU), and a memory (also referred to as a main memory). The operating system may be any one or more computer operating systems that implement business processing through processes (processes), such as a Linux operating system, a Unix operating system, an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, or a windows operating system. The application layer comprises applications such as a browser, an address list, word processing software, instant messaging software and the like.

Of course, the transceiver provided in the embodiment of the present application may also be applied to other scenarios, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

In a possible implementation manner, the transceiver device according to the embodiment of the present application may utilize a circulator to achieve a higher isolation degree, and has a low requirement on the performance of a filter, so that the transceiver device according to the embodiment of the present application may achieve low cost and high performance.

For example, fig. 3 is an architecture diagram illustrating that a circulator is utilized to achieve a higher isolation according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the transmitter-receiver device may include a vibrator 31 and a circulator 32.

In the embodiment of the present application, the vibrator 31 may have a low reflection coefficient characteristic, for example, the reflection coefficient of the vibrator 31 may be smaller than-25 dB.

The circulator 32 may have high isolation characteristics, for example, 20dB + isolation is achieved by using the transmit-receive separation function of the circulator 32. The circulator 32 may further have a low passive inter-modulation (PIM), and in a possible implementation manner, because the passive inter-modulation generated by the circulator may enter a receiving channel and a filter cannot be isolated, a circulator whose PIM is less than-140 dBc may be selected, or a PIM cancellation algorithm may be superimposed on the basis of the circulator, so as to implement a better PIM characteristic.

In a possible implementation manner, a passive cancellation network, a digital cancellation architecture, or the like may be further superimposed in the transceiver device to achieve an isolation of 40dB + between the transceiver ports, so that the specification of the filter may be further reduced. The following embodiments of the specific transceiver will be described in detail, and will not be described herein again.

In a possible implementation manner, the transceiver device in the embodiment of the present application may utilize a coaxial manner of the receiving oscillator and the transmitting oscillator, so that the oscillator occupies one position, and a better isolation degree is achieved, so that the transceiver device in the embodiment of the present application may achieve low cost and high performance. The following embodiments of the specific transceiver will be described in detail, and will not be described herein again.

The oscillator described in the embodiments of the present application has the function of guiding and amplifying electromagnetic waves. In some scenarios a vibrator may also be referred to as: the antenna element, the antenna radiator, the antenna, or the like, and the specific names in the embodiments of the present application are not limited.

The radiating element described in the embodiments of the present application may include one or more elements.

The transceiving devices described in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as antenna units, etc. For example, the transceiver may be a single-polarized antenna unit, the radiation unit of the single-polarized antenna unit may include an element, and the element and the matching circuit may be in a one-to-one correspondence relationship. The receiving and transmitting device can also be a dual-polarized antenna unit, a radiation unit of the dual-polarized antenna unit can comprise two dual-polarized oscillators, and the oscillators and the matching circuit can be in one-to-one correspondence relationship. The transceiver may also be a single-polarized antenna array, the single-polarized antenna array may include a plurality of single-polarized oscillators, the oscillators and the matching circuits may be in a one-to-one correspondence relationship, the plurality of matching circuits may be connected to the same port, and the port and the circulator may be in a one-to-one correspondence relationship. The transceiver may also be a dual-polarized antenna array, the dual-polarized antenna array may include a plurality of dual-polarized oscillators, the oscillators and the matching circuits may be in a one-to-one correspondence, the plurality of matching circuits may be connected to the same port, and the ports and the circulator may be in a one-to-one correspondence.

The transceiver described in the embodiments of the present application may be understood as a receiving channel and a transmitting channel connected to an oscillator (or a radiating element or a port) through a circulator or the like.

The transmit-receive separation described in the embodiments of the present application may be understood as that the receive channel and the transmit channel are connected to different elements (or radiation units or ports).

The following describes the technical solutions of the present application and how to solve the above technical problems with specific embodiments. The following embodiments may be implemented independently or in combination, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 4, the transceiver apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application may be referred to as a single polarization architecture, and the transceiver apparatus may include: oscillator 41, matching circuit 42, circulator 43, first filter 44, second filter 45, transmission channel 46, and reception channel 47. The circulator 43 includes a first port 431, a second port 432, and a third port 433, and the first port 431 is connected to the oscillator 41 through the matching circuit 42; the second port 432 is connected to the transmit path 46 through the first filter 44; the third port 433 is connected to the receiving channel 47 through the second filter 45.

In this embodiment of the application, the transceiver may operate in different frequency bands (or may be understood as being applicable to FDD), the matching circuit 42 may implement conjugate matching between the oscillator 41 and the circulator 43, the circulator 43 may improve isolation between the transmitting channel 46 and the receiving channel 47 through the above-mentioned isolation and pass-through arrangement between ports, and the first filter 44 may be used for filtering in an uplink frequency band of the transmitting channel 46; a second filter 45 may be used for filtering the downstream frequency band of the receive path 47.

The specific structure of the oscillator 41, the matching circuit 42, the circulator 43, the first filter 44, the second filter 45, the transmission path 46, and the reception path 47 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

For example, in the embodiment of the present application, the first port 431 of the circulator 43 is a transducer port, the second port 432 is a TX port, and the third port 433 is an RX port. The TX port is isolated from the RX port, the oscillator port is isolated from the TX port, and the RX port is isolated from the oscillator port; and an RX port to TX port direct connection, a TX port to oscillator port direct connection and an oscillator port to RX port direct connection. By the design of the circulator, the design with high isolation can be realized in the scene of a single antenna; however, if the standing wave at each port of the circulator is not good, the reflected signal may enter the isolated port, thereby causing the performance to be reduced, so that a matching circuit can be connected between the oscillator and the circulator to realize the isolation.

The TX port is connected with a downlink frequency band, the RX port is connected with an uplink frequency band, and the intervals of the uplink frequency band and the downlink frequency band are different. For example, a typical FDD MIMO (e.g., dual-band 1.8+2.1FDD) is as follows: band 1, uplink 1710-; band 2, uplink 1920-1980MHz, and downlink 2110-2170 MHz.

In a possible implementation, to achieve a better isolation effect, a circulator with low PIM characteristics, such as a high power circulator, may be used.

Because the transceiver device of the embodiment of the present application can achieve a high isolation degree by using the circulator 43, the performance requirements on the first filter 44 and the second filter 45 are low, so that the transceiver device of the embodiment of the present application can achieve low cost and high performance.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver device according to an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in fig. 5, the transceiver apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application may be referred to as a dual-polarization architecture, and the transceiver apparatus may include: element 510, matching circuit 520, circulator 530, filter 540, filter 550, transmit path 560, and receive path 570; and element 511, matching circuit 521, circulator 531, filter 541, filter 551, transmit path 561, and receive path 571. Circulator 530 includes port 5301, port 5302, and port 5303, port 5301 being connected to element 510 via matching circuit 520; port 5302 is connected to transmit channel 560 through filter 540; port 5303 is connected to receive channel 570 through filter 550. Circulator 531 includes port 5311, port 5312, and port 5313, port 5311 being connected to oscillator 511 via matching circuit 521; port 5312 is connected to transmit path 561 via filter 541; port 5313 is connected to receive channel 571 through filter 551.

In the embodiment of the present application, the vibrator 510 and the vibrator 511 may be configured as a four-metal-layer structure. For example, fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of oscillator 510 and oscillator 511 arranged as four metal layers.

As shown in fig. 6, four metal layers may be included, which are a first metal layer 61 (or referred to as layer 1), a second metal layer 62 (or referred to as layer 2), a third metal layer 63 (or referred to as layer 3), and a fourth metal layer 64 (or referred to as layer 4) in this order. Wherein the first metal layer 61 is configured to be directed to a layer; a second metal layer 62 configured as a radiation layer; the third metal layer 63 includes a floor layer and a gap; the fourth metal layer 64 is configured as a feed layer; the third metal layer 63 and the fourth metal layer 64 are used for forming a microstrip feed structure; the signal of the fourth metal layer 64 is coupled from the slot of the third metal layer 63 to the second metal layer 62 for radiation, and the first metal layer 61 introduces a new impedance resonance point for the signal from the second metal layer 62, increasing the bandwidth.

In this embodiment, specific names of the first metal layer to the fourth metal layer may be different according to different practical application scenarios, and the names of the metal layers configured in this embodiment are used to explain the functions of the first metal layer to the fourth metal layer, and do not constitute specific limitations on the metal layers.

In the embodiment of the application, in a common oscillator structure with three metal layers, the first metal layer 61 is added, so that a new impedance resonance point can be introduced, the bandwidth is increased, and the introduction effect and the gain improvement are realized.

In a possible implementation manner, the

oscillators

510 and 511 in the embodiment of the present application may be configured as a three-metal-layer architecture, for example, the architecture may not include the first metal layer 61, but includes the second metal layer 62, the third metal layer 63, and the fourth metal layer 64, which is not described herein again.

On the basis of fig. 6, in a possible implementation manner, a first dielectric layer 65 is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second dielectric layer 66 is disposed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, and a third dielectric layer 67 is disposed between the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer; the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 65 is smaller than that of the second dielectric layer 66, so that a better guiding effect can be achieved based on the first metal layer, and the bandwidth can be increased.

In a possible implementation, the edge of the second metal layer is projected within the edge of the first metal layer, and in a possible understanding, it can be considered that the edge of the second metal layer is included in the first metal layer in a top view or a bottom view. For example, in the case where both the first metal layer and the second metal layer are circular as shown in fig. 6, the radius r1 of the first metal layer > the radius r2 of the second metal layer. This can achieve a better guiding effect based on the first metal layer, enhancing the bandwidth.

In the embodiment of the application, high isolation between the units can be realized through the gaps. In a possible implementation manner, the gap of the third metal layer includes a first gap, a second gap, and a third gap, the second gap is parallel to the third gap, the second gap and the third gap are both orthogonal to the first gap, and the edge of the first gap is connected to the second gap and the third gap, respectively. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the slot region may be an i-shaped slot, the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer form a microstrip feed structure, a signal is introduced from the feed layer to the i-shaped slot position, the signal is coupled from the slot position to the radiation patch of the second metal layer, and a new impedance resonance point is introduced through the first metal layer, so that the bandwidth can be increased, and the gain can be improved.

In a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 6, the distance between the two "i" shaped slits in the third metal layer and the second metal layer is equal, or it can be understood that the distance between the geometric centers of the two "i" shaped slits and the geometric center of the second metal layer is equal; and on the projection plane of the XY coordinate system, three points of the geometric centers of the two I-shaped gaps and the geometric center of the second metal layer are in a line, or the geometric centers of the gap areas of the two vibrators and the geometric centers of the second metal layers of the two vibrators are in a straight line when the gap areas of the two vibrators are vertically projected on the second metal layers of the two vibrators. Through the symmetrical design, the two polarized impedance areas can be almost overlapped, so that the current distribution of the two polarizations is uniform, and the high isolation characteristic between the dual polarizations is realized.

In practice, better isolation is achieved as in the transducer structure of fig. 6, for example, as shown in fig. 7, the isolation index may reach less than-46 dB.

However, the oscillator structure of fig. 6 has poor impedance matching, and fig. 8 shows an impedance circle of the oscillator structure of fig. 6, for example. It can be seen that the impedance regions 81 in fig. 8 are concentrated and therefore a conjugate match can subsequently be achieved by the matching circuit, for example achieving a conjugate match may be understood as pulling the concentrated impedance in fig. 8 to the centre of the circle, or may be understood as matching to a system characteristic impedance, for example a typical system characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.

Illustratively, fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the matching circuit 520 or the matching circuit 521 (or may be understood as the matching circuit mentioned in the embodiments of the present application).

In a possible understanding, the matching circuit of fig. 9 may be referred to as a capacitive matching circuit, which includes a first-order or multi-order capacitive matching unit including a capacitor connected in parallel with the vibrator.

In the circuit shown in fig. 9, TL may represent a microstrip line, C may represent a capacitor, P may represent a port of a matching circuit, and MT may represent a connector, where MT may be optional, for example, a direct wire connection may be adopted, TL may be added or omitted (or TL may be understood as optional) according to actual situations, and will be described in detail later.

As shown in fig. 9, P2 in the matching circuit may be used to connect the oscillator, P1 may be used to connect the circulator, and the matching circuit includes two capacitors C101 and C102 connected in parallel to the oscillator, so that the circuit shown in fig. 9 may be understood as including a second-order capacitor matching unit, and it is understood that, in a specific application, the number of the capacitor matching units may be set (for example, may be one or more) according to an actual application, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

In a possible implementation, the capacitive matching unit further includes a microstrip line connected in series with the antenna. For example, as shown in fig. 9, a microstrip line TL17 is connected in series, then the capacitor C102 is connected in parallel, then the microstrip line TL1 is connected in series, then the capacitor C101 is connected in parallel, and then the microstrip line TL3 is connected in series; the microstrip line TL17 and the microstrip line C102 form first-order matching, and the microstrip line TL1 and the microstrip line C101 form second-order matching.

The microstrip line can be selected according to the specific situation of the oscillator impedance.

For example, fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of a vibrator with a small real number and a sense, because the initial impedance of the vibrator is a sense, a small impedance (upper left of the circle); at least one capacitor C2 is needed to transform the impedance to the center position (first order); or the inductance is reduced and the real impedance is increased through the capacitor C2, the inductance is increased through the L2 to increase the real impedance, and the real impedance is increased through the C1 to reduce the inductance; the impedance is finally matched to 50 ohms (two steps). Wherein, increasing the inductive L2 can be realized by TL 1.

For example, fig. 11 shows that the oscillator impedance is real and has capacitance, the inductance may be increased through L1, and then the impedance may be transformed to the center position through C1 (first order), or through L1, then through C1, then through L2, and then through C2 (second order). It should be noted that C1 and C2 in fig. 11 are used to characterize capacitance, and do not necessarily correspond to C101 and C102 in fig. 9. L1 and L2 in fig. 11 can be implemented with microstrip lines.

For example, fig. 12 shows a schematic diagram of a oscillator with a small real number and no reactance characteristic, which may be first through L1 and then through C1 (first order); or through L1 first and then through C1; then through L2, and then through C2 (two-step). It should be noted that C1 and C2 in fig. 12 are used to characterize capacitance, and do not necessarily correspond to C101 and C102 in fig. 9. L1 and L2 in fig. 12 can be implemented with microstrip lines.

In a possible implementation manner, in the capacitance matching circuit shown in fig. 9, according to an actual requirement, C101 in fig. 9 may be further connected in series to TL4, and C102 in fig. 9 may be further connected in series to TL6, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the application.

In practice, the reflection coefficient characteristic of the oscillator after capacitance matching is greatly improved. For example, fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of reflection coefficient effect after capacitance matching in a dual-polarized antenna unit, where a line 131 may be a reflection coefficient curve of one of the oscillators subjected to capacitance matching, and a line 132 may be a reflection coefficient curve of the other oscillator subjected to capacitance matching, and it can be seen that the reflection coefficient characteristics of the oscillators subjected to capacitance matching are greatly improved. An exemplary smith chart after capacitive matching is shown in fig. 14 (illustrating that lighter numbers in fig. 14 are negligible and do not affect the explanation of the embodiments of the present application), it can be seen that the impedance region 141 is pulled to the center of the chart after passing through the matching circuit.

Illustratively, fig. 15 shows a schematic diagram of the matching circuit 520 or the matching circuit 521 (or may be understood as the matching circuit mentioned in the embodiments of the present application).

In a possible understanding manner, the matching circuit of fig. 15 may be referred to as an open stub matching circuit, where the open stub matching circuit includes a first-order or multi-order open stub matching unit, and the open stub matching unit includes an open line connected in parallel with the oscillator. The open line can be arranged in a manner that the tail end of the microstrip line is suspended; or can be understood as an open circuit at the end of the microstrip line; or the tail end of the microstrip line is connected with an infinite load, so that the microstrip line is in an open circuit state.

In the circuit shown in fig. 15, TL may represent a microstrip line, MO may represent an open-circuit line, P may represent a port of an open-circuit stub circuit, and MX may represent a connector, where MX may be optional, for example, each end of MX may be directly connected by a wire, TL may be added or omitted according to actual situations (or TL may be understood as optional), and details will be described later.

As shown in fig. 15, P4 in the matching circuit may be used to connect the oscillator, P3 may be used to connect the circulator, and the matching circuit includes two capacitors MO151, MO152, MO153, and MO154 connected in parallel with the oscillator, so that the circuit shown in fig. 15 may be understood as including a second-order open stub matching unit, and it may be understood that, in a specific application, the number of open stub matching units may be set according to an actual application (for example, may be one or more), and this is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

In a possible implementation manner, the open-circuit stub matching unit further includes a microstrip line connected in series with the oscillator. For example, as shown in fig. 15, the resonator further includes TL8, TL9, and TL10 connected in series with the oscillator, microstrip lines TL8 and MO152, MO154 constitute a first-order matching, and TL9 and MO151, MO153 constitute a second-order matching.

The order of the microstrip line and the specific open-circuit stub matching unit can be selected according to the specific situation of the oscillator impedance.

Exemplarily, fig. 16 shows a schematic diagram of the oscillator with small real number and inductive property, since the initial impedance of the oscillator is inductive, small impedance (upper left of the circle diagram); at least one open path MO2 is needed to transform the impedance to the center position (first order); or the inductance is reduced and the real impedance is increased through the open-circuit line MO2, the inductance is increased through the L2, the real impedance is increased, and the real impedance is increased through the open-circuit line MO 1; the impedance is finally matched to 50 ohms (two steps). Wherein L2 for increasing the inductance can be realized by TL.

For example, fig. 17 shows a schematic diagram that the oscillator impedance is small in real number and has capacitance, the inductance may be increased through L1, and then the impedance may be transformed to the center position (first order) through the open-circuit line MO1, or through L1, then through the open-circuit line MO1, then through L2, and then through the open-circuit line MO2 (second order). It should be noted that both MO1 and MO2 in fig. 17 are used to characterize an open route, and do not have a necessary correspondence with MO151 and MO152 in fig. 15, and it is possible to understand that MO1 and MO2 can be split into two parallel branches. L1 and L2 in fig. 17 can be implemented with microstrip lines.

For example, fig. 18 shows a schematic diagram of a oscillator with a small real number and no reactance characteristic, which may be first through L1 and then through MO1 (first order); or firstly through L1 and then through MO 1; then through L2, and then through MO2 (two-step). Note that MO1 and MO2 in fig. 18 are used to characterize microstrip lines, and do not necessarily correspond to MO151 and MO152 in fig. 15. L1 and L2 in fig. 18 can be implemented with microstrip lines.

In practice, the reflection coefficient characteristic of the oscillator after the open-circuit stub matching is greatly improved. For example, fig. 19 shows a schematic diagram of the effect of the reflection coefficient after the open stub matching, where a line 191 may be a reflection coefficient curve of one oscillator after the open stub matching, and a line 192 may be a reflection coefficient curve of another oscillator after the open stub matching, and it can be seen that the reflection coefficient characteristic of the oscillator after the open stub matching is greatly improved.

In a possible implementation, any of the matching circuits described above may be disposed in the fourth metal layer. For example, fig. 20 shows a schematic diagram of a slot-fed superimposed matching circuit, where an "i" slot 201 may have a superimposed portion in projection with a matching circuit 202. In a possible implementation, a capacitive loading 203 may be provided at the top end of the matching circuit 202 (which may also be referred to as the feed top end) for impedance matching.

Fig. 21 shows a schematic diagram of a slot-fed superimposed matching circuit superimposed element, where an "i" slot 201 may have a superimposed portion in projection with a matching circuit 202 and an element 204. It should be noted that the rectangular frame in fig. 20 and 21 may be a third metal layer, and the third metal layer may be metal except for the h-shaped gap, and is not filled in the drawing.

To sum up, in the embodiment of the application, high isolation is realized on the integrated antenna, the requirement on the filter is reduced, the receiving and transmitting antenna is shared, and the receiving and transmitting reciprocity is enabled while the caliber is reduced.

The present application further provides a transceiver device, which may be an antenna array (for example, including a single-polarization antenna array and a dual-polarization antenna array), where a radiation element in the antenna array may be a unit composed of multiple elements, each element is connected to one end of a matching circuit, and the other ends of the multiple matching circuits may converge to a connection port, and the connection port may correspond to the circulator, the first filter, the second filter, the reception channel, and the transmission channel in any corresponding embodiment of fig. 3 to 21.

For example, the circulator includes a first port, a second port, and a third port, the first port being connected to the connection port through the matching circuit; the second port is connected with the transmitting channel through a first filter; the third port is connected with the receiving channel through a second filter; an antenna array configured to be transceiver-integrated; a matching circuit for conjugate matching of the antenna array and the circulator; the three ports of the circulator are configured as: isolating from the transmitting channel to the receiving channel, isolating from the connecting port to the transmitting channel, and isolating from the receiving channel to the connecting port; and, pass through from receive channel to send channel, pass through from send channel to connection port, pass through from connection port to receive channel; the first filter is used for filtering an uplink frequency band of the transmission channel; and the second filter is used for filtering the downlink frequency band of the receiving channel.

Reference may be made to the description of any one of the embodiments shown in fig. 3 to 21, which is not repeated herein.

Fig. 22 shows a transceiver device according to an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the transceiver may be understood as a single-polarized antenna unit.

As shown in fig. 22, the transceiver apparatus includes a first element 221 for transmitting a signal, a second element 222 for receiving a signal, a first filter 223, a second filter 224, a reception channel 226, and a transmission channel 225;

the first oscillator 221 is connected to the transmission channel 225 through the first filter 223, and the second oscillator 222 is connected to the reception channel 226 through the second filter 224; the first vibrator 221 and the second vibrator 222 are configured to transceive coaxially; the transceiver coaxial comprises: the geometric center of the first vibrator 221 and the geometric center of the second vibrator 222 are located on the same vertical line; a first filter 223 for filtering an uplink band of the transmission channel 225; a second filter 224 is used for filtering the downlink frequency band of the receiving channel 226.

In the embodiment of the present application, a geometric center of the first element 221 (which may also be referred to as an uplink antenna unit) and a geometric center of the second element 222 (which may also be referred to as a downlink antenna unit) are located on the same vertical line, for example, as shown in fig. 23, the first element 221 may be vertically polarized, the second element 222 may be horizontally polarized, and the first element 221 and the second element 222 are orthogonally polarized. It should be noted that, in polarization orthogonality, in principle, two unit polarizations need only be orthogonal, for example, ± 45 °.

The first element 221 and the second element 222 may operate in different frequency bands, for example, the first element 221 operates at least in the f1 frequency band, and the second element 222 operates at least in the f2 frequency band (f1 and f2 may be reversed).

The rear ends of the first oscillator 221 and the second oscillator 222 are respectively connected with a TX filter and an RX filter, and the two filters respectively work in uplink and downlink frequency bands; the TX filter and RX filter are connected to their respective transceivers at their back ends, e.g. the TX filter is connected to the transmitter and the RX filter is connected to the receiver.

Therefore, the first oscillator used for sending and the second oscillator used for receiving are coaxially arranged, so that the oscillators occupy one position, better isolation is realized, and the transceiver device of the embodiment of the application can realize low cost and high performance.

Fig. 24 shows a transceiver device according to an embodiment of the present application. The transceiver device may be understood as a dual polarized transceiver device. The number of first oscillators included in the radiation unit is 2, and for example, the radiation unit includes an oscillator 241 and an oscillator 242. The number of second elements included in the radiation unit is, for example, an element 243 and an element 244. Oscillator 241 is connected to transmission channel 249 via TX filter 245, oscillator 242 is connected to transmission channel 2410 via TX filter 246, oscillator 243 is connected to transmission channel 2411 via RX filter 247, and oscillator 244 is connected to transmission channel 2412 via RX filter 248.

In the embodiment of the present application, the geometric centers of elements 241 and 242 (which may also be referred to as uplink antenna units) and the geometric centers of elements 243 and 244 (which may also be referred to as downlink antenna units) are located on the same vertical line, for example, as shown in fig. 25, elements 241 and 242 may be dual-polarized,

elements

243 and 244 may be dual-polarized, uplink and downlink polarizations are not orthogonal, and uplink and downlink units are coaxial (it may be understood that the geometric centers of uplink and downlink units are located on the same vertical line, and heights may be different).

In the embodiment of the present application, the uplink and downlink units operate in different frequency bands, for example, the oscillator 241 and the oscillator 242 operate in at least the f1 frequency band, and the oscillator 243 and the oscillator 244 operate in at least the f2 frequency band (f1 and f2 may be exchanged).

In one possible implementation manner, the oscillators 241 and 242 form dual polarization by adopting an annular structure and differential feeding; element 243 and element 244 are either X-polarized (e.g., conventional microstrip antenna X-polarized or die cast element X-polarized) or ten-polarized. Illustratively, the element 241 and the element 242 may be referred to as an external antenna, the element 243 and the element 244 may be referred to as an external antenna, the external antenna is disposed at the periphery of the internal antenna in a ring structure, and the external antenna and the internal antenna are isolated from each other.

Illustratively, fig. 26 shows a ring structure, which is: each first oscillator is divided into two arms which are respectively positioned at the diagonal positions. As shown in fig. 26, each polarization is divided into two arms, respectively located at diagonally opposite corners; then, 180-degree phase difference is realized through a power division network or a balun, so that differential feed is realized; the four arms just form two pairs, namely polarization of +/-45 degrees is formed; lower frequency due to larger external antenna size; it is more suitable for the low frequency (uplink) band.

In this way, the ring-structured up-link transducer is provided outside and the X-polarized down-link transducer is provided inside, and a schematic configuration diagram as shown in fig. 27 can be obtained. The coaxial (namely the physical centers of the inner vibrator and the outer vibrator are positioned on the same axis) of the inner vibrator and the outer vibrator can be realized, and the special geometric centers of the inner vibrator and the outer vibrator can be positioned on the same point, so that the uplink vibrator and the downlink vibrator are coplanar and have no overlap, and the better isolation is realized. For example, the phase difference between the inner and outer vibrators is 0, so that the inner and outer vibrators share a phase center (or called a transceiving sharing phase center), and the inner and outer vibrator sharing phase center can enable the transceiving antenna to have better transceiving reciprocity, improve the accuracy of channel estimation, and improve the performance.

Illustratively, fig. 28 shows a ring structure, which is: each first vibrator is divided into two arms, which are respectively located in a horizontal or vertical position. As shown in fig. 28, the external element employs four single-polarized antennas, and two dual polarizations are formed by differential feeding; for example, each polarization is divided into two arms, respectively lying horizontally or vertically; then, 180-degree phase difference is realized through a power division network or a balun, so that differential feed is realized; the four arms form exactly two pairs, i.e. form 0/90 ° polarization. The external oscillator is larger in size and lower in frequency, so that the frequency converter is more suitable for a low-frequency (uplink) frequency band.

In this way, the ring-structured upstream transducer is provided outside, and the X-polarized downstream transducer is provided inside, so that a schematic configuration shown in fig. 29 can be obtained. The coaxial arrangement of the inner vibrator and the outer vibrator (namely the geometric centers of the inner vibrator and the outer vibrator are positioned on the same axis) can be realized, and the geometric centers of the inner vibrator and the outer vibrator can be positioned at the same point, so that the uplink vibrator and the downlink vibrator are coplanar and have no overlap, and the better isolation is realized.

In the embodiment of the present application, a filter characteristic may be added to the oscillator structure. For example, the uplink oscillator not only needs to work in the uplink frequency band, but also needs to generate band rejection characteristics for the downlink frequency band; the downlink oscillator needs to work in a downlink frequency band and also needs to generate band rejection characteristics for the uplink frequency band, so that a structure for suppressing the downlink frequency band can be added to a filter of the uplink oscillator, and a structure for suppressing the uplink frequency band is added to a filter of the downlink oscillator, for example, the uplink frequency band is suppressed by increasing resonance points to form a stop band characteristic.

In a possible implementation manner, a separation wall is further arranged between the first oscillator and the second oscillator and used for separating the first oscillator from the second oscillator. As shown in fig. 30, a partition wall is provided between the external vibrator and the internal vibrator, so that a better isolation effect can be achieved.

For example, the partition wall may include the following ways: mode 1: the metal wall structure blocks the transmission of electromagnetic waves through metal, so that the isolation degree is improved; mode 2: an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure, which blocks electromagnetic waves through an electromagnetic band gap (electromagnetic band gap) to realize transmit-receive isolation; mode 3: a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) that increases isolation by achieving a reflection-transmission characteristic of blocking electromagnetic waves; mode 4: the electromagnetic wave absorber can improve the isolation degree by absorbing interference signals. The specific form of the partition wall is not limited in the present application.

In the embodiment of the application, the isolation of the uplink vibrator group and the downlink vibrator group can be realized by using a mode of combining the central rectangular (or cross) vibrator (namely, the internal vibrator) and the annular vibrator (namely, the external vibrator), an isolation structure can be inserted between the central vibrator and the annular vibrator, the coupling between the two antennas can be effectively reduced, a filter structure can be introduced into a feed port to form a filter antenna, and the isolation degree is further improved.

The embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna array, which may include a plurality of transceiver devices as described in any one of fig. 22 to fig. 30. In a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 31, in the antenna array, the elements having the same polarization in each radiation unit may share one interface (or referred to as a connection port), and the interface may be connected to a corresponding receiving channel or transmitting channel (or referred to as a transmitting channel) through a filter.

For example, the antenna array includes: the system comprises K first radiation units for transmitting signals, K second radiation units for receiving signals, Q first filters, Q second filters, Q receiving channels and Q transmitting channels; the first radiating unit comprises Q first oscillators, and the second radiating unit comprises Q second oscillators; q is a natural number; k is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the K first radiating units are connected with a first filter through a common connecting port, the first filter is connected with a transmitting channel, the K second radiating units are connected with a second filter through a common connecting port, and the second filter is connected with a receiving channel; for one of the first radiating elements and one of the second radiating elements, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are configured to transceive coaxially; the transceiver coaxial comprises: the geometric center of the first radiation unit and the geometric center of the second radiation unit are positioned on the same vertical line; the first filter is used for filtering an uplink frequency band of the transmission channel; and the second filter is used for filtering the downlink frequency band of the receiving channel.

Reference may be specifically made to the description in any one of the embodiments corresponding to fig. 22 to fig. 30, which is not described herein again.

The embodiments of the present application further provide a base station or a terminal device, which may include a plurality of transceiver devices according to any of the embodiments described above.

The above embodiments, structural diagrams or simulation diagrams are only schematic illustrations of the technical solutions of the present application, and the dimensional ratios thereof do not limit the scope of the technical solutions, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the above embodiments should be included in the scope of the technical solutions.

Claims

1. A transceiver apparatus, comprising:

the device comprises N vibrators, N matching circuits, N circulators, N first filters, N second filters, N receiving channels and N sending channels; the transceiver device works in at least two frequency bands; n is a natural number;

the circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the first port is connected with the oscillator through the matching circuit; the second port is connected with the transmitting channel through the first filter; the third port is connected with the receiving channel through the second filter;

the matching circuit is used for conjugate matching of the oscillator and the circulator;

the three ports of the circulator are configured to: isolating from the transmission channel to the reception channel, isolating from the vibrator to the transmission channel, and isolating from the reception channel to the vibrator; and, going straight from the receiving channel to the transmitting channel, from the transmitting channel to the vibrator, and from the vibrator to the receiving channel;

the first filter is used for filtering an uplink frequency band of the transmission channel;

the second filter is configured to filter a downlink frequency band of the receiving channel.

2. The transceiver according to claim 1, wherein the oscillator comprises four metal layers, and the four metal layers are a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer and a fourth metal layer in sequence;

wherein the first metal layer is configured to be directed to a layer;

the second metal layer configured as a radiation layer;

the third metal layer comprises a floor layer and a gap;

the fourth metal layer is configured as a feed layer;

the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer are used for forming a microstrip feed structure; the signal of the fourth metal layer is coupled from the slot of the third metal layer to the second metal layer for radiation, and the first metal layer introduces a resonance point for the signal from the second metal layer.

3. The transceiver device of claim 2, wherein a first dielectric layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second dielectric layer is disposed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, and a third dielectric layer is disposed between the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer; the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer is smaller than that of the second dielectric layer.

4. A transceiver device according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that the edges of the second metal layer project inside the edges of the first metal layer.

5. The method of any of claims 2-4, wherein the gap comprises a first gap, a second gap, and a third gap, the second gap and the third gap being parallel, the second gap and the third gap each being orthogonal to the first gap; the edge of the first gap is respectively connected with the second gap and the third gap.

6. The transceiver device according to claim 5, wherein a slot region formed by the first slot, the second slot, and the third slot is horizontally or vertically symmetrical; when the first gap is vertically projected onto the fourth metal layer, the projection point of the geometric center of the first gap on the fourth metal layer is located on the central line of the fourth metal layer.

7. The transceiver device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein N is 2, the polarizations of the 2 elements are ± 45 ° or 0/90 ° respectively, and when the slot regions of the two elements are perpendicularly projected on the second metal layers of the two elements, the geometric centers of the slot regions of the two elements are aligned with the geometric centers of the second metal layers of the two elements.

8. The transceiver device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the matching circuit comprises a capacitive matching circuit;

the capacitance matching circuit comprises a first-order or multi-order capacitance matching unit, and the capacitance matching unit comprises a capacitor connected with the oscillator in parallel;

or, the capacitance matching unit includes: the oscillator comprises a capacitor connected with the oscillator in parallel and a microstrip line connected with the oscillator in series.

9. The transceiver device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the matching circuit comprises an open stub matching circuit;

the open-circuit stub matching circuit comprises a first-order or multi-order open-circuit stub matching unit, and the open-circuit stub matching unit comprises an open-circuit line connected with the oscillator in parallel;

or, the open stub matching unit includes: an open circuit line connected in parallel with the vibrator, and a microstrip line connected in series with the vibrator.

10. The transceiver device according to any of claims 1-9, wherein a capacitive loading is provided in the matching circuit for impedance matching.

11. A transceiver apparatus, comprising:

the device comprises M vibrators, M matching circuits connected with the M vibrators, a circulator, a first filter, a second filter, a receiving channel and a transmitting channel; the transceiver device works in at least two frequency bands; m is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

the circulator comprises a first port, a second port and a third port, and the M matching circuits are connected with the first port through a common connecting port; the second port is connected with the transmitting channel through the first filter; the third port is connected with the receiving channel through the second filter;

the M matching circuits are used for conjugate matching of the M oscillators and the circulator;

the three ports of the circulator are configured to: isolated from the transmit channel to the receive channel, isolated from the connection port to the transmit channel, and isolated from the receive channel to the connection port; and, passing from said receive lane to said transmit lane, from said transmit lane to said connection port, and from said connection port to said receive lane;

12. The transceiver of claim 11, wherein the matching circuit comprises a capacitive matching circuit;

the capacitance matching circuit comprises a first-order or multi-order capacitance matching unit, and the capacitance matching unit comprises a capacitor connected with the antenna in parallel;

13. The transceiver of claim 11, wherein the matching circuit comprises an open stub matching circuit;

the open-circuit stub matching circuit comprises a first-order or multi-order open-circuit stub matching unit, and the open-circuit stub matching unit comprises an open-circuit line connected with the antenna in parallel;

14. The transceiver device of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the vibrator comprises four metal layers, the four metal layers being, in order, a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer, and a fourth metal layer;

wherein the first metal layer is configured to be directed to a layer;

the second metal layer configured as a radiation layer;

the third metal layer comprises a floor layer and a gap;

the fourth metal layer is configured as a feed layer;

15. The transceiver device of claim 14, wherein a first dielectric layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second dielectric layer is disposed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, and a third dielectric layer is disposed between the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer; the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer is smaller than that of the second dielectric layer.

16. The transceiver device of any one of claims 14-15, wherein edges of the second metal layer project inward of edges of the first metal layer.

17. The method of any one of claims 14-16, wherein the gap comprises a first gap, a second gap, and a third gap, the second gap and the third gap being parallel, the second gap and the third gap each being orthogonal to the first gap; the edge of the first gap is respectively connected with the second gap and the third gap.

18. The transceiver device according to claim 17, wherein a slot region formed by the first slot, the second slot, and the third slot is horizontally or vertically symmetrical; when the first gap is vertically projected onto the fourth metal layer, the projection point of the geometric center of the first gap on the fourth metal layer is located on the central line of the fourth metal layer.

19. The transceiver device according to any of claims 11-18, wherein a capacitive loading is provided in the matching circuit for impedance matching.

20. A transceiver apparatus, comprising:

the signal processing device comprises a first radiation unit for transmitting signals, a second radiation unit for receiving signals, L first filters, L second filters, L receiving channels and L transmitting channels; the first radiating unit comprises L first oscillators, and the second radiating unit comprises L second oscillators; l is a natural number;

the first radiation unit is connected with the transmitting channel through the first filter, and the second radiation unit is connected with the receiving channel through the second filter;

the first radiating element and the second radiating element are configured to transceive coaxially; the transceiver coax includes: the geometric center of the first radiation unit and the geometric center of the second radiation unit are positioned on the same vertical line;

21. The transceiver device of claim 20, wherein the geometric center of the first radiating element and the geometric center of the second radiating element are located at a same point.

22. The transceiver device according to any one of claims 20-21, wherein the first radiating element comprises 2 of the first elements, and the second radiating element comprises 2 of the second elements;

the 2 first oscillators form dual polarization by adopting an annular structure and differential feed;

and 2 second oscillators adopt X polarization or ten polarization.

23. The transceiver of claim 22, wherein the ring structure is: each first oscillator is divided into two arms which are respectively positioned at the diagonal positions; alternatively, each of the first vibrators is divided into two arms, which are respectively located at a horizontal or vertical position.

24. The method according to any one of claims 20-23, wherein a separation wall is provided between the first and second radiating elements for separating the first and second radiating elements.

25. A transceiver apparatus, comprising:

the system comprises K first radiation units for transmitting signals, K second radiation units for receiving signals, Q first filters, Q second filters, Q receiving channels and Q transmitting channels; the first radiating unit comprises Q first oscillators, and the second radiating unit comprises Q second oscillators; q is a natural number; k is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

the K first radiating units are connected with the first filter through a common connecting port, the first filter is connected with the transmitting channel, the K second radiating units are connected with the second filter through a common connecting port, and the second filter is connected with the receiving channel;

for one of the first radiating elements and one of the second radiating elements, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are configured to transceive coaxially; the transceiver coax includes: the geometric center of the first radiation unit and the geometric center of the second radiation unit are positioned on the same vertical line;

26. The transceiver device of claim 25, wherein the geometric center of the first radiating element and the geometric center of the second radiating element are located at a same point.

27. The transceiver device according to any one of claims 25-26, wherein the first radiating element comprises 2 of the first elements, and the second radiating element comprises 2 of the second elements;

and 2 second oscillators adopt X polarization or ten polarization.

28. The transceiver of claim 27, wherein the ring structure is: each first oscillator is divided into two arms which are respectively positioned at the diagonal positions; alternatively, each of the first vibrators is divided into two arms, which are respectively located at a horizontal or vertical position.

29. The method according to any one of claims 25-28, wherein a separation wall is provided between the first and second radiating elements for separating the first and second radiating elements.

30. A base station comprising transceiving means according to any of claims 1 to 10, or comprising transceiving means according to any of claims 11 to 19, or comprising transceiving means according to any of claims 20 to 24, or comprising transceiving means according to any of claims 25 to 29.