CN113872183A - 一种综合能源优化协调系统 - Google Patents
一种综合能源优化协调系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种综合能源优化协调系统,包括设置在云端的云端服务器和设置在园区的园区站服务器;园区内设置有新能源发电设备、新能源用电设备和储能设备,储能设备与同园区的新能源发电设备和用电设备相连;园区站服务器采集连接同一园区内的新能源发电设备、用电设备和储能设备,用于采集每一次新能源用电设备放电过程参数、发电过程参数以及储能设备的充放电参数,并将采集到的数据上传至云端服务器作为历史数据;园区站服务器还控制连接同一园区内的新能源发电设备;云端服务器基于历史数据对对应园区的用电负荷进行预测,并将预测结果下发到对应的园区服务器,园区服务器根据预测结果控制对应的新能源发电设备的发电时间和发电功率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种综合能源优化协调系统,属于能源管理技术领域。
背景技术
能源互联网以综合能源系统为物理载体,深度融合智能化信息技术,实现不同能源的互通、互济和即插即用的“类互联网型”能源系统。
基于分布式电源和微电网系统能够将就地电源、储能装置和负荷结合起来进行协调控制和运行,改善不同能源在不同供需背景下的时空不平衡,实现降低系统用能成本、提高用能效率以及增强供能可靠性的目的。同时,帮助平抑大电网中的峰谷或异常波动,从而提高大电网的稳定和可靠性。然而,风、光等分布式能源受环境因素影响很大,自身无法实现平稳持续的供能;电、热/冷等多种能量流的存在,又形成了多种计算标准和方法,无法直接进行比较和评价;设备种类和结构的复杂性增加,也使得相关问题的数据规模和求解难度不断提高。
在实际应用中,不同用户有不同的实际需求,针对不同的实际需求需要构建不同的架构体系,对用电量的准备和预测带来了困难。此外,当用户有新的功能需求时,还需要考虑增加新的能源服务平台系统,更加难以对利用新能源发电的发电量进行合理安排与调度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种综合能源优化协调系统,用以解决新能源发电协调控制过程中新能源发电难以合理安排与调度的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明的方案包括:
本发明的一种综合能源优化协调系统,包括设置在云端的云端服务器和设置在园区的园区站服务器;园区内设置有新能源发电设备、新能源用电设备和储能设备,储能设备与同园区的新能源发电设备、新能源用电设备相连;园区站服务器采集连接同一园区内的新能源发电设备、新能源用电设备和储能设备,用于采集每一次新能源用电设备放电过程参数、新能源发电设备发电过程参数以及储能设备的充放电参数,并将采集到的数据上传至云端服务器作为历史数据;园区站服务器还控制连接同一园区内的新能源发电设备;所述云端服务器基于历史数据对对应园区的用电负荷进行预测,并将预测结果下发到对应的园区服务器,园区服务器根据预测结果控制对应的新能源发电设备的发电时间和发电功率。
这样做的有益效果为:本发明通过对一个社区或商业园区内的新能源发电、用电及储能数据的统计,对该园区的用电进行预测,再根据用电预测的情况对新能源发电设备进行控制。例如夜间为电动汽车充电的高峰,当预测到每天夜间8点至次日早晨7点为新能源用电的高峰及对应负荷功率,则可以控制各新能源发电设备在高峰前对应新能源发电效率最高的时段均匀发电并存储在储能设备中。本发明能够有计划的控制新能源发电,避免新能源发电设备长期满功率满负荷运行,或者长期工作在对应新能源低效率时段内,提高新能源发电效率,降低发电负荷,延长新能源发电设备寿命。
进一步的,新能源发电设备包括光伏电站、风力电站、地热电站和外来输入清洁能源的变电站。
这样做有益效果为:通过光伏电站、风力电站、地热电站和外来输入清洁能源多种能源进行横向的能源互补,可充分挖掘和利用不同能源的直接互补替代性,不仅可以实现热、电、冷的输出,同时可以实现光/电、热/冷、风/电、直/交流的能源交换,达到能源利用效率最优。
进一步的,用电设备包括电动汽车充电桩。
进一步的,云端服务器的系统设置有网络层、数据层和业务层。
进一步的,网络层使用SuperSocket框架。
进一步的,网络层、数据层和业务层两两之间设置有Redis消息队列。
进一步的,数据层设置有数据库,数据库包括:业务数据库和历史数据库。
这样做的有益效果为:通过在数据库设置业务数据库和历史数据库,数据层又与业务层通信连接,提高了数据层对于业务层的反应速度,也即提高了系统对于业务的响应速度。
进一步的,业务数据库采用以下数据库中的一种:nosql数据库、redis数据库、mongodb数据库。
进一步的,历史数据库使用mySQL数据库。
进一步的,业务层设置包括基于所述历史数据对对应设备进行实时监控的设备监控模块和用于进行充放电数据统计、放电预测和充电控制的能源管理模块。
附图说明
图1是本发明的综合能源多层级系统架构图;
图2是本发明的综合能源能量管理系统前置机架构示意图;
图3是本发明的综合能源能量管理系统业务服务示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
实施例:
综合能源系统是以电力为核心,在能源生产与消费革命、“互联网+”背景下被设计提出,是基于互联网思维和理念构建的新型信息–能源融合的复杂系统,其目的在于促进能源结构调整和大幅提高能源在传输、配送和终端利用中的效率,由冷热电综合系统、天然气管网以及储能单元等构成的混合多能系统,是综合能源系统的物理核心,体现了综合能源“源–网–荷–储”各环节形。
本发明从多能互补网络统一建模理论与方法研究入手,通过对电、气、热等多能互补网络进行全数字仿真,在模拟仿真的基础之上实现多能互补网络的安全防御、计及优化调度的功能。在实际的应用中,做到横向的多种能源互补,可充分挖掘和利用不同能源的直接互补性替代,不仅可以实现热、电、冷的输出,同时可以实现光/电、热/冷、风/电、直流/交流的能源交换,达到能源利用效率最优;另外,构建多能流半实物数模仿真平台,实现了数字模型难以达到的仿真效果,实现物理模型对数字模型的验证和修正,实现了为控制器及保护装置的研制工作提供了调试和验证平台。最后开发综合能源能量管理系统及关键配套装置,并在特定的园区进行实用化验证和完善。
本发明提供一种综合能源优化协调控制系统,如图1所示为综合能源多层级系统架构图,包括中心站层、区域站层、园区站层,其中中心站层设置有中心主站系统(可视化监管中心),中心主站系统(可视化监管中心)用于与第三方系统通信,第三方系统包括:政府机构的计算机、运行人员的计算机、维护抢修人员的移动设备以及用户、工厂、小区等客户的移动设备;区域站层设置有区域虚拟系统(云端)和区域实体系统(云端);园区站层设置有若干个园区站子系统、园区站采集集中器,并且各个园区站子系统之间还可以互相通信。
如图2所示为本发明的综合能源能量管理系统前置机(前置机为一个物理系统,主要起一个网关的作用)架构示意图,包括网络层、数据层、业务层。
网络层使用SuperSocket框架,将接收到的根据配置初始化的信息、接收到的信息、数据进入消息队列的信息整合输入Redis消息队列中。
SuperSocket框架,是一个轻量级,跨平台而且可扩展的Net/Mono Socket服务器程序框架。具有高性能的事件驱动通信、强大且高性能的协议解析实现工具,多监听器支持、应用程序域和进程级别的隔离、会话级别的发送队列能够让你通过会话并发的发送数据,并保持高性能和可控性。基本思想在于考虑围绕着业务领域组件来创建应用,这些应用可独立地进行开发、管理和加速,在分散的组件中使用微服务云架构和平台使部署,管理和服务功能交付变得更加简单,微服务将业务系统彻底的组件化和服务化,原有的单个业务系统会拆分为多个可以独立开发、设计、运行和运维的小应用,这些小应用之间通过服务完成交互和集成,每个小应用从前端,到控制层、逻辑层、数据库访问,数据库都完全是独立的一套,可根据系统需要进行发布(相同服务都可重复发布已达到处理要求)。
Redis是一个远程字典服务即一个数据库。
Redis消息队列将信息发送到数据层,数据层设置有协议解析模块和数据库,通过协议解析模块将Redis消息队列中的消息进行解析,并生成业务实时数据与告警数据;数据层的数据库都是完全独立的一套,可根据系统需要进行发布(相同服务都可重复发布以达到处理要求);数据层的系统数据库分为业务数据库和历史数据库,业务数据库为nosql数据库、redis数据库或mongodb数据库中的一种,且历史数据库使用mySQL;业务数据库在redis数据库中查找和操作的时间复杂度都是计算机中的0或1,并发性和相应速度快;支持丰富数据类型,操作都是原子性。原子性就是对数据的更改要么全部执行,要么全部不执行,上层的业务都通过业务数据库来完成,提高了系统对于业务的响应速度;历史数据库能够根据数据量来提供集群、双机或单机类型的数据库。
数据层的实时数据与告警数据整合输入给业务层的Redis消息队列,Redis消息队列与数据库共同为业务层的基础服务提供数据支撑,其中基础服务包括实时数据服务、告警数据服务、配置数据服务以及历史数据服务;除了基础服务之外还提供其他业务服务;基础服务与其他业务服务整合输入给WebAPI,即输入给万维网的应用程序编程接口。
如图3所示为本发明综合能源能量管理系统业务服务示意图,包括设备监控、能源管理、用户管理三部分。
设备监控包括用电监测、储能监控、光伏检测;用电监测包括一次系统图实时监测、48小时发用电分布曲线、电网实时监测;储能监控是指储能充放电监控;光伏检测包括光伏实时监测、光伏数据统计监控。其中用电监测用于对电能指标进行实时测量与数据采集,以保证对电力系统基本运行工况的观察、记录和动态分析,完整了解电网安全、稳定、优质运行的技术经济条件,对电能各项指标进行综合评价,以优化整个系统的监测体系,进行数据共享交流。
能源管理包括充电管理和能耗分析,充电管理包括汽车充放电监控、汽车充放历史数据、储能充放历史数据;能耗分析包括分时负荷功率分析、分时电量统计分析、能耗分类分项统计、用能趋势分析、报表服务/分时分对象查询。其中能耗分析是以时间为维度,分别统计基础负荷、可调负荷及光伏以及储能不同用电种类的功率曲线,记录不同时段的功率和各部分的用电量数据,通过大量原始数据积累,对电力负荷进行预测,对用户用电负荷需求趋势与合理性进行分析,总结负荷特性规律,合理安排预测负荷,用电可靠性与安全性,掌控整体电网对合理安排调度,重要保电工作,电网负荷调整提供支撑依据。充电管理指系统能够完整记录每一次汽车、储能电池的充放电过程的所有参数,能够支持多维度查询、统计、导出和管理。
用户管理包括权限管理、登录注册。权限管理包括用户权限设置、操作记录、控制记录和系统记录,用户权限在高等级的用户授权下,进行用户权限设置和更改,操作记录为系统操作的记录情况,如:页面切换、系统数据查询和设备操作都有详细的记录,控制记录为记录系统下发控制的信息,包括时间、用户、操作哪些控制,作为后续控制系统分析的重要依据。
本发明构建源、网、荷、储各电力设备动态模型的具体方法为:
1)通过Simulink库和自建动态模型构建电源和电储能,Simulink库把一系列模块连接起来,构成复杂的系统模型;
2)依据能量守恒定义为可控电负荷,来确定转换与储热/冷设备;
3)构建为RLC参数可调负荷。
本发明多源接入下电网协调控制算法具体包括:对等控制模式,构建各分布式电源的下垂控制模型,实现逆变器有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,允许部分系统以风电或光伏孤岛形式继续维持供电,此时采用主从控制,且多源接入下电网协调控制仿真系统是基于Simulink环境开发,多源接入下电网协调控制实现线路电压波动范围达到国标要求7%以内,电网频率波动范围达到国标要求0.2-0.5Hz以内。
本发明构建综合能源优化协调控制系统的具体方法为:
1)综合能源多能互补网络的仿真建模:
a.基于多种能源与信息的互联互通方案设计:
通过对特定地域的地热、光伏、污水余热等可再生能源,外来电力为可再生清洁能源。
充分保障该能源互联网小镇新区用能需求,适宜建设清洁、零碳的多元化供能模式,形成协同互补的智慧能源体系;规划外来清洁电力,结合区域规划方案,构建清洁、安全、可靠的能源保障体系,为用户提供全面、柔性、便捷的服务,实现人与能源系统的智能互动。同时,提交关于综合能源应用一系列有价值的参考和建议。
b.电、气、冷/热多能互补网络建模:
研究以电网为核心、多能源形式互补的综合能源系统信息建模技术。多能互补网络能量生产传输涉及热动、气动、电动和机械传动等多时间尺度的动态过程,伴随热能、电能、机械能、化学能及其他形式能量的相互转化,其热力学特性显著影响系统运行能效,其动力学特性决定系统整体安全水平。
c.模型修正和趋势预测技术研究:
深度学习模型建立在神经网络的基础上,一个神经网络由许多神经元组成,每个神经元就是一个处理单元。每个神经元会先应用一个非线性激活函数对输入数据进行处理然后输出。正是这样一个过程,神经网络具有表示非线性关系的能力。而循环神经网络是利用神经网络处理序列的通用模型,它具有能够处理输入之间前后相关问题的能力,但缺点是无法关联时间跨度较大的信息,所以这时引入LSTM(Long Short Term)网络解决这个问题,它是一种特殊的循环神经网络,可以学习长期依赖信息。LSTM由Hochreiter和Schmidhuber在1997年提出,它通过刻意的设计来避免了长期依赖问题,从而能让LSTM在实践中记住长期的信息。因此采用LSTM模型来预测具有规律性的、在任何时间跨度上(一天,一月或者一年)的耗电量是可行的。
趋势预测需要从时间维度上分析,并根据过去的一段时间能量的变化趋势进行预测。而目前存在的趋势预测方法或多或少都存在着对长期预测准确性下降、规律性处理不足或者适用范围较窄等问题。深度学习模型能有效地从复杂数据中获取有用信息,用以研究动态变化的序列,并能寻找出看似无序的数据中隐含的内在规律,而且深度学习的LSTM网络具有长时记忆的功能,更适用于各种时间跨度或者地域跨度的能量趋势预测。随着工业和经济的发展,人们对节能减排的要求不断提高,用深度学习模型进行趋势预测是必然趋势。
对于仿真模型来说,同样可以采用实时量测数据结合深度学习的LSTM网络,根据过去的一段时间输入量和输出量的变化趋势,找出看似无序的数据中隐含的内在规律,可以通过黑箱的模式和对应的仿真模型比对,通过对因子变量的调整,实现数字化仿真模型准确度不断的提升。
2)多能互补网络安全防御、规划设计及优化调度:
a.基于对连锁故障模拟的快速安全防御策略功能:
多能互补网络设备多样性、随机性强,故障可能在多个耦合系统交织传播,需要研究连锁故障演变机理和传播路径,进而设计快速安全防御策略。
b.基于对多能互补网络的中长期演化过程模拟的规划设计:
基于仿真模拟平台研究多能互补网络的中长期演化过程,提出系统规划设计方法,并应用于实际多能互补网络。
c.基于动态仿真分析和趋势预测的优化调度策略:
研究和采用基于动态仿真分析的手段,及时发现系统和电网中的异常波动,通过自动模拟处理手段,实现快速自动调节。
3)综合能源半实物仿真平台:
在仿真系统中加入实物,形成回路中有硬件实物参与的仿真技术,称之为半实物仿真。他的优点是,可以使无法准确建立模型的部件直接进入仿真回路,通过模型与实物之间的切换,可进一步校验模型,验证实物模型部件对系统性能的影响。实质就是为物理部件创造一个模拟实际的仿真环境,用物理部件实物进行的仿真技术。
建设半实物数模仿真平台,可以实现数字模型难以达到的仿真效果,可以实现物理模型对数字模型的验证和修正,可以为控制器及保护装置的研制工作提供调试和验证平台。
a.搭建仿真硬件平台:
利用仿真主机、数字模型运行的宿主机以及I/O接口机,配置了大量的AI、AO、DI、DO,通过模拟量和数字量的输入输出连接了仿真目标机(物理模型机),高速采集和相应是仿真实时性的重要保证,还包括方针目标机、仿真控制台以及其他辅助设备。仿真目标机可以是一次设备的半物理模型,也可以是控制器或保护装置。仿真控制台用于监视和控制实时仿真运行状态装置。其他辅助设备为如显示、记录、及分析仪等仪器。
b.基于半实物仿真系统的目标模拟研究:
研究基于半实物仿真系统的源、荷、储电气类目标模拟技术。结合I/O系统和功率驱动模块的组合,实现多种应用场景的仿真。
研究基于半实物仿真系统的冷、热传感与控制类目标模拟技术,结合I/O系统,采用制冷、热器件结合传感器和控制器的形式设计,实现多种应用场景的仿真。
4)多能互补网络仿真与能量管理一体化平台
a.一体化平台软件研发
研发实现综合能源能量管理系统,结合仿真计算引擎,实现数模一体化、数据可视化、实时集中监测、对标分析、决策支持等适用于综合能源管理的通用性功能,建立综合能源相关的主数据、元数据等基础信息,实现综合能源实时动态仿真分析功能,实现趋势预测子系统,实现基于动态负荷预测的智能调度子系统。
b.特定园区一体化平台实用化应用和完善
选择某园区为应用示范基地,结合园区实际用能情况,部署多能互补网络仿真与能量管理一体化平台系统,通过系统实际运行、验证、修改和完善,而达到实用化目的。
本发明通过对电、气、热等多能互补网络进行全数字仿真,在模拟仿真的基础之上实现多能互补网络的安全防御、计及优化调度的功能。在实际的应用中,做到横向的多种能源互补,可充分挖掘和利用不同能源的直接互补性替代,不仅可以实现热、电、冷的输出,同时可以实现光/电、热/冷、风/电、直/交流的能源交换,达到能源利用效率最优;另外,构建多能流半实物数模仿真平台,实现了数字模型难以达到的仿真效果,实现物理模型对数字模型的验证和修正,实现了为控制器及保护装置的研制工作提供了调试和验证平台。最后开发综合能源能量管理系统及关键配套装置,并在特定的园区进行实用化验证和完善,通过对特定地域的地热、光伏、污水余热等可再生能源,外来电力为可再生清洁能源,充分保障该能源互联网小镇新区用能需求,适宜建设清洁、零碳的多元化供能模式,形成协同互补的智慧能源体系,规划外来清洁电力,结合区域规划方案,构建清洁、安全、可靠的能源保障体系,为用户提供全面、柔性、便捷的服务,实现人与能源系统的智能互动。
同时,本发明其多能互补网络设备多样、随机性强,故障可能在多个耦合系统交织传播,研究和采用基于动态仿真分析的手段,及时发现系统和电网中的异常波动,通过自动模拟处理手段,实现快速自动调节,还通过在仿真系统中加入实物,形成回路中有硬件实物参与的仿真技术,可以使无法准确建立模型的部件直接进入仿真回路,通过模型与实物之间的切换,可进一步校验模型,验证实物模型部件对系统性能的影响,实质就是为物理部件创造一个模拟实际的仿真环境,用物理部件实物进行的仿真技术,建设半实物数模仿真平台,可以实现数字模型难以达到的仿真效果,可以实现物理模型对数字模型的验证和修正,可以为控制器及保护装置的研制工作提供调试和验证平台。
Claims (10)
1.一种综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,包括设置在云端的云端服务器和设置在园区的园区站服务器;所述园区内设置有新能源发电设备、新能源用电设备和储能设备,储能设备与同园区的新能源发电设备、新能源用电设备相连;所述园区站服务器采集连接同一园区内的新能源发电设备、新能源用电设备和储能设备,用于采集每一次新能源用电设备放电过程参数、新能源发电设备发电过程参数以及储能设备的充放电参数,并将采集到的数据上传至云端服务器作为历史数据;所述园区站服务器还控制连接同一园区内的新能源发电设备;所述云端服务器基于历史数据对对应园区的用电负荷进行预测,并将预测结果下发到对应的园区服务器,所述园区服务器根据预测结果控制对应的新能源发电设备的发电时间和发电功率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述新能源发电设备包括光伏电站、风力电站、地热电站和外来输入清洁能源的变电站。
3.根据权利要求2所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述用电设备包括电动汽车充电桩。
4.根据权利要求3所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述云端服务器的系统设置有网络层、数据层和业务层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述网络层使用SuperSocket框架。
6.根据权利要求5所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述网络层、数据层和业务层两两之间设置有Redis消息队列。
7.根据权利要求6所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述数据层设置有数据库,所述数据库包括:业务数据库和历史数据库。
8.根据权利要求7所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述业务数据库采用以下数据库中的一种:nosql数据库、redis数据库、mongodb数据库。
9.根据权利要求8所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述历史数据库使用mySQL数据库。
10.根据权利要求9所述的综合能源优化协调系统,其特征在于,所述业务层设置包括基于所述历史数据对对应设备进行实时监控的设备监控模块和用于进行充放电数据统计、放电预测和充电控制的能源管理模块。
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