CN113868814A - Multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning method considering frequency safety constraint - Google Patents

Multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning method considering frequency safety constraint Download PDF

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CN113868814A
CN113868814A CN202111131133.9A CN202111131133A CN113868814A CN 113868814 A CN113868814 A CN 113868814A CN 202111131133 A CN202111131133 A CN 202111131133A CN 113868814 A CN113868814 A CN 113868814A
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苏韵掣
苟竞
刘方
李婷
王云玲
胥威汀
唐权
杜新伟
袁川
李博
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State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute
Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning method considering frequency safety constraint, relates to the technical field of power system planning, solves the problem that the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning result cannot ensure the system frequency safety, and has the technical scheme key points that: selecting a short-term simulation operation scene of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, and acquiring planning data of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid; constructing a multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model according to the planning data and based on inertia level constraint and frequency safety constraint of the system; solving the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model by adopting a Benders decomposition algorithm and a commercial solver GAMS to obtain a power grid planning scheme; the power grid planning scheme obtained by the invention can ensure the frequency safety of the power grid when bearing huge power impact caused by fault disturbance, and ensures the normal operation of the power grid.

Description

Multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning method considering frequency safety constraint
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system planning, in particular to a multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning method considering frequency safety constraints.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of new energy installed scale and extra-high voltage direct current transmission scale, the configuration, operation form and stability of an outgoing power grid rich in clean energy are deeply changed. On one hand, due to the fact that large-scale new energy is connected in and a large number of conventional synchronous units are shut down, the rotational inertia and the frequency modulation capacity of a multi-direct-current outgoing power grid are reduced, and the power grid regulation capacity and the disturbance resistance capacity are continuously deteriorated. On the other hand, the new energy occupies the starting capacity of the traditional synchronous unit after being accessed, and if the power grid adopts an operation mode of reducing the output of the traditional synchronous unit, the system is difficult to ensure enough peak regulation capacity and absorption capacity, so that the new energy is abandoned. Therefore, planning of multiple direct current outgoing power grids needs to consider the safety and stability of the power grids and the new energy consumption level on the basis of power balance.
The existing power grid planning method does not consider various scenes of a multi-direct-current outgoing power grid and frequency safety constraints thereof, so that the scale and the structure of the power grid in a planning result are not enough to ensure the safe and stable operation of a system under the condition of large-scale direct-current outgoing.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is that the scale and structure of the power grid obtained by the existing planning method are not enough to ensure the safe and stable running state of the system under the condition of large-scale direct current output; the invention aims to provide a multi-direct current outgoing power grid planning method considering frequency safety constraint; the invention plans the power supply structure and the grid structure of the multi-direct-current delivery power grid so as to realize the rationality of the power supply layout in the multi-direct-current delivery power grid and the adaptability of the grid structure.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-direct current outgoing power grid planning method considering frequency safety constraint comprises the following steps,
selecting a short-term simulation operation scene of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, and acquiring planning data of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid;
constructing a double-layer planning model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid according to the planning data and based on inertia horizontal constraint and frequency safety constraint of the system;
and solving the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model by adopting a Benders decomposition algorithm and a commercial solver GAMS to obtain a power grid planning scheme.
The invention selects a short-term simulation operation scene, and can select various typical operation scenes for research according to seasonality because new energy and hydropower are sensitive to seasonal fluctuation. And modeling the system inertia level, the new energy power supply and grid frame commissioning constraint and the thermal power unit decommissioning constraint by using the minimization of the new energy commissioning cost, the grid frame commissioning cost and the thermal power decommissioning cost as a target function, and constructing a long-term power grid planning model considering the system inertia level constraint to serve as an outer layer model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model. Modeling is carried out on the cost of short-term simulation operation, various power outputs and line operation in the system, short-term operation simulation considering frequency safety constraint is constructed and used as an inner layer model of a multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model, the constraint covers various classical operation scenes, a Benders decomposition algorithm and a business solver GAMS are adopted to solve the multi-stage multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model to obtain a power grid planning scheme, and a power supply structure and a grid structure of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid are planned according to the power grid planning scheme so as to realize the stability of the operation state of the system under the large-scale direct-current outgoing.
Further, a long-term power grid planning model considering system inertia level constraint is constructed by taking the minimization of new energy input cost, grid input cost and thermal power decommissioning cost as an objective function, and the long-term power grid planning model is used as an outer layer model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model, namely the objective function is
Figure BDA0003280525670000021
Wherein y represents the y-th planning phase in the planning; y is the number of programming stages; mu.syIs the present value coefficient, fre、flAnd fgInvestment cost of the new energy unit and the net rack and decommissioning cost of the thermal power generating unit are respectively saved.
Further, in each planning stage of the outer layer model, the inertia level of the system needs to be larger than the minimum inertia requirement of the system, namely the inertia level of the system is calculated as
Figure BDA0003280525670000022
Wherein
Figure BDA0003280525670000023
Is the retired state variable of the ith thermal power generating unit in the y stage,
Figure BDA0003280525670000024
is the inertia time constant of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure BDA0003280525670000025
is the inertia time constant of the hydroelectric generating set,
Figure BDA0003280525670000026
the maximum output of the ith thermal power generating unit;
Figure BDA0003280525670000027
is the maximum output of the jth hydroelectric generating set,
Figure BDA0003280525670000028
for maximum unbalanced power of the system, f0As an initial value of the system frequency, RoCoFmaxIs the frequency rate of change maximum.
Further, a thermal power generating unit decommissioning model is built in the outer layer model, and the minimum cost of decommissioning of the thermal power generating unit is
Figure BDA0003280525670000029
Wherein omegagIs a collection of thermal power generating units,
Figure BDA00032805256700000210
is the retired state variable of the ith thermal power generating unit in the y stage,
Figure BDA00032805256700000211
is the retired state variable of the ith thermal power generating unit in the y-1 stage,
Figure BDA00032805256700000212
for the disposal cost of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure BDA00032805256700000213
for the recycling cost of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure BDA00032805256700000214
as the capacity of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure BDA00032805256700000215
and the number of the operating life years of the ith thermal power generating unit.
Furthermore, according to the need of fairness of the retired paths of the thermal power generating units, the upper limit and the lower limit of the retired number of the thermal power generating units in each stage of each thermal power plant and the upper limit and the lower limit of the retired total number of the thermal power generating units in each stage of the whole power grid are set, and in each stage, the number of the thermal power generating units in each stage is adjustedThe total subsidy amount of retired thermal power plant should be limited to the upper limit amount, i.e. the total subsidy amount is limited to the upper limit amount
Figure BDA00032805256700000216
Figure BDA0003280525670000031
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003280525670000032
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000033
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000034
respectively the upper and lower limits, A, of the number of T-decommissioned electric generating sets of the thermal power plant in the y stageTIs the incidence matrix of the thermal power plant T and the ith thermal power unit,
Figure BDA0003280525670000035
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000036
respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the total number of the thermal power generating units which are retired in the y stage,
Figure BDA0003280525670000037
the upper limit amount of the subsidy for the retirement of the thermal power plant.
Furthermore, a short-term operation model considering frequency constraint is constructed by taking the cost of short-term simulation operation, various power outputs and line operation states in the system as constraints, and the short-term operation model is used as an inner layer model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model.
Further, a primary frequency modulation standby constraint of the lowest frequency point in the inner layer model is obtained according to a frequency safety constraint under an expected accident, and the accident standby power of the system is larger than the unbalanced power under the expected accident.
Furthermore, the opportunity constraint of upper and lower rotation standby is constructed according to the uncertainty of the new energy output,
deal with new energyForce uncertainty needs to be preset to spinning reserve
Figure BDA0003280525670000038
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003280525670000039
the method is a spare for the thermal power generating unit at the ith time t in the scene of s to deal with the uncertainty of new energy output,
Figure BDA00032805256700000310
a reserve of uncertainty of new energy output, alpha, for the ith hydroelectric generating set at the time t in the scene of ss,t,iParticipation factor beta for responding to wind and light prediction total error of ith thermal power generating unit at t moment in s scenes,t,iResponding to a participation factor, omega, of the wind-light prediction total error for the ith hydroelectric generating set at the t moment in the s scenewAnd ΩpvRespectively a wind turbine set and a photovoltaic set,
Figure BDA00032805256700000311
for the predicted output error of the ith wind turbine generator at the time t in the scene s,
Figure BDA00032805256700000312
the predicted output error of the ith photovoltaic generator set at the t moment in the scene s is obtained;
the alternate opportunity constraint to cope with system uncertainty is
Figure BDA00032805256700000313
Figure BDA00032805256700000314
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00032805256700000315
the reserve capacity P of the ith thermal power generating unit at the t moment in the s scenerR (xi) is a distribution function of the uncertainty of the new energy, R (xi) is a set of distribution functions of the uncertainty of the new energy,
Figure BDA00032805256700000316
and 1-eta is the maximum confidence rate of the fuzzy uncertainty xi, which is the reserve capacity of the ith hydroelectric generating set at the time t in the s scene.
Further, processing the nonlinear alternate opportunity constraint by using Wasserstein distance quantization obtains the linear alternate opportunity constraint.
Further, system data, equipment parameters and operation parameters of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid are input, a Benders decomposition algorithm and a business solver GAMS are adopted to solve a double-layer planning model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, a power grid planning scheme is obtained, and a power supply structure and a grid structure of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid are constructed according to the power grid planning scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning method considering the frequency safety constraint can realize the mutual matching of the retirement route of the thermal power generating unit, the new energy power supply planning, the 500kV net rack planning and the multi-direct-current outgoing amount;
2. the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning method considering the frequency safety constraint ensures the frequency safety of the planned power grid when the planned power grid bears the huge power impact caused by fault disturbance, and ensures the normal operation of the power grid.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a planning method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a multiple direct-current outgoing power grid planning model provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a simulation diagram of a frequency of a power grid system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings that is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and is therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example one
In this embodiment, a method for planning a multi-dc delivery power grid considering frequency safety constraints is provided, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s1, selecting a short-term simulation operation scene of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, and acquiring planning data of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid;
s2, constructing a double-layer planning model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid according to the planning data and based on inertia horizontal constraint and frequency safety constraint of the system;
and S3, solving the double-layer planning model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid by adopting a Benders decomposition algorithm and a business solver GAMS to obtain a power grid planning scheme.
As will be further described below with respect to the technical solutions of steps S1, S2, and S3, as described below, for step S1, the obtained planning data includes installed capacity and construction site of the hydropower station, location of the direct current drop point, direct current delivery scale, installed capacity and location of each existing coal-electric machine set, distribution point and installed capacity of the wind power plant and the photovoltaic power plant, and the like; collecting power grid data of a target planning year, wherein the power grid data comprise target year loads, candidate positions of a new energy unit to be built, candidate lines of 500kV/1000 kV to be built and the like; collecting historical wind power and photovoltaic output prediction data, historical output data and the like of each area; daily scheduling data of a typical scene, flow of a hydroelectric machine, daily load of 24h and the like are collected.
Constructing a long-term power grid planning model considering system inertia level constraint by using a target function of minimizing new energy input cost, grid input cost and thermal power decommissioning cost, and using the long-term power grid planning model as an outer layer model of a multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model, namely, the target function is
Figure BDA0003280525670000051
Wherein y represents the y-th planning phase in the planning; y is the number of programming stages; mu.syIs the present value coefficient, fre、flAnd fgInvestment cost of the new energy unit and the net rack and decommissioning cost of the thermal power generating unit are respectively saved.
For step 2, an outer layer model is a power grid planning model with the consideration of the inertia level, the first step of the multi-stage power grid planning key technology is to establish a corresponding power grid planning model, the cost of the decommissioning of the thermal power generating unit, the new energy power grid construction and the grid frame construction, and the related constraints of the decommissioning of the thermal power generating unit, the new energy construction and the grid frame construction are considered in the section, and the first layer planning model of the multi-stage power grid planning is established. The model takes the minimum total cost current value as an optimization target, and the total cost is divided into investment cost of a new energy unit and a net rack and decommissioning cost of a coal-electricity unit. On this basis, the objective function is defined as follows:
Figure BDA0003280525670000052
wherein, muyThe current value coefficient can be obtained by calculating in the step (2); f. ofre、flAnd fgThe calculation formulas are (3) - (5) for the investment cost of the new energy unit and the net rack and the decommissioning cost of the coal-electricity unit.
μy＝(1+r)-[(y-1)Y+n] (2)
Figure BDA0003280525670000053
Figure BDA0003280525670000054
Figure BDA0003280525670000061
Figure BDA0003280525670000062
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000063
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000064
the cost of building a single wind turbine for the ith wind farm and the cost of building a single photovoltaic turbine for the ith photovoltaic farm;
Figure BDA0003280525670000065
representing the number of the built wind generating sets of the ith wind power plant in the y stage;
Figure BDA0003280525670000066
representing the number of photovoltaic units built by the ith photovoltaic power station in the y stage; the subscript l denotes the line between nodes i, jA way; omegalIs a collection of transmission lines; subscript k represents the kth to-be-selected line on the line l;
Figure BDA0003280525670000067
a set of lines to be selected; c. Cl,kThe investment cost of the kth circuit is; z is a radical ofy,l,kA 0-1 variable of a decision is built for the line;
Figure BDA0003280525670000068
maintenance and management cost for newly built lines;
Figure BDA0003280525670000069
the number of the operating life of the ith thermal power generating unit is the number of years;
Figure BDA00032805256700000610
disposal cost for the ith thermal power generating unit;
Figure BDA00032805256700000611
the recycling cost of the ith thermal power generating unit is obtained;
Figure BDA00032805256700000612
the capacity of the ith thermal power generating unit; τ is the capital recovery factor; TL is the newly built wind/light machine set and the service life years of the line.
In each planning stage of the outer layer model, the inertia level of the system is required to be larger than the minimum inertia requirement of the system, namely the inertia level of the system is calculated as
Figure BDA00032805256700000613
Wherein therein
Figure BDA00032805256700000614
Is the retired state variable of the ith thermal power generating unit in the y stage,
Figure BDA00032805256700000615
is the inertia time constant of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure BDA00032805256700000616
is the inertia time constant of the hydroelectric generating set,
Figure BDA00032805256700000617
the maximum output of the ith thermal power generating unit;
Figure BDA00032805256700000618
is the maximum output of the jth hydroelectric generating set,
Figure BDA00032805256700000619
for maximum unbalanced power of the system, f0As an initial value of the system frequency, RoCoFmaxAs a maximum value of the rate of change of frequency
Constraint of power grid planning: inertia is an inherent property of a power system, is expressed as a damping effect of the system on external interference, and is a basic guarantee for safe and stable operation of the system. Thus, the system inertia level for each stage can be calculated using the following equation:
Figure BDA00032805256700000620
for each planning phase, the inertial time constant of the system must satisfy the frequency rate of change constraint of the initial phase of the disturbance:
Figure BDA00032805256700000621
due to the limitation of new energy supply technology, the quantity of new energy supplied to a power plant every year must be limited within a certain range:
Figure BDA0003280525670000071
Figure BDA0003280525670000072
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000073
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000074
respectively putting up upper and lower limits of the number of wind turbine generators for the ith wind power plant in the y stage;
Figure BDA0003280525670000075
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000076
and respectively setting up upper and lower limits of the number of photovoltaic units for the ith photovoltaic power station in the y stage.
Since the commissioning cost of new energy is limited by local investment decisions and commissioning capital, the commissioning cost of new energy in each phase needs to be limited below the maximum investment cost:
Figure BDA0003280525670000077
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000078
the maximum investment cost of the y stage.
The line investment cost of each stage has a certain budget limit
Figure BDA0003280525670000079
Figure BDA00032805256700000710
zy,l,k≥zy-1,l,k (12)
Figure BDA00032805256700000711
The number of construction lines allowed per corridor passage is limited:
Figure BDA00032805256700000712
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA00032805256700000713
and
Figure BDA00032805256700000714
maximum values and maximum values of allowed construction lines of (i, j) corridor passage in the y stage respectively.
Further, a thermal power generating unit decommissioning model is built in the outer layer model, and the minimum cost of decommissioning of the thermal power generating unit is
Figure BDA00032805256700000715
Wherein omegagIs a collection of thermal power generating units,
Figure BDA00032805256700000716
is the retired state variable of the ith thermal power generating unit in the y stage,
Figure BDA00032805256700000717
is the retired state variable of the ith thermal power generating unit in the y-1 stage,
Figure BDA00032805256700000718
for the disposal cost of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure BDA00032805256700000719
for the recycling cost of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure BDA00032805256700000720
as the capacity of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure BDA00032805256700000721
for the operating life of the ith thermal power generating unitThe number of years.
Setting the upper limit and the lower limit of the retired number of the thermal power units in each stage of each thermal power plant and the upper limit and the lower limit of the total retired number of the thermal power units in each stage of the whole power grid according to the need of fairness of the retired paths of the thermal power units, wherein the total subsidy amount of the retired thermal power plants in each stage is limited to the upper limit amount, namely the total subsidy amount of the retired thermal power plants in each stage is limited to the upper limit amount
Figure BDA0003280525670000081
Figure BDA0003280525670000082
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0003280525670000083
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000084
respectively the upper and lower limits, A, of the number of T-decommissioned electric generating sets of the thermal power plant in the y stageTIs the incidence matrix of the thermal power plant T and the ith thermal power unit,
Figure BDA0003280525670000085
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000086
respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the total number of the thermal power generating units which are retired in the y stage,
Figure BDA0003280525670000087
the upper limit amount of the subsidy for the retirement of the thermal power plant.
A good, viable coal electricity retirement path needs to be fair to ensure that its economics are not borne by individual regions and groups. The upper limit and the lower limit of the decommissioning number of the thermal power units in each stage of each thermal power plant and the upper limit and the lower limit of the decommissioning total number of the thermal power units in each stage of the whole power grid are set as follows:
Figure BDA0003280525670000088
Figure BDA0003280525670000089
Figure BDA00032805256700000810
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA00032805256700000811
and
Figure BDA00032805256700000812
respectively the upper and lower limits, A, of the number of T-decommissioned electric generating sets of the thermal power plant in the y stageTIs the incidence matrix of the thermal power plant T and the ith thermal power unit,
Figure BDA00032805256700000813
and
Figure BDA00032805256700000814
and respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the total number of the thermal power generating units which are retired in the y stage.
In each stage, the total amount of subsidy of the government for the decommissioning of the thermal power plant is limited to the upper limit amount
Figure BDA00032805256700000815
In the interior, the following:
Figure BDA00032805256700000816
and constructing a short-term operation model considering frequency constraint by taking the cost of short-term simulation operation, various power outputs and line operation states in the system as constraints, and taking the short-term operation model as an inner layer model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning model.
For step 2, inner model — short-term running simulation considering frequency constraints, the inner model is as follows:
Figure BDA00032805256700000817
in the above formula, omegasThe subscript s denotes the scene, which is the set of scenes for a typical day; omegatThe time set for a typical day, the subscript t denotes time;
Figure BDA00032805256700000818
the unit cost of the power output of the ith thermal power generating unit;
Figure BDA00032805256700000819
unit cost for the spare of the ith thermal power generating unit;
Figure BDA00032805256700000820
unit cost for the i th hydroelectric generating set.
Considering the operation constraint of the inner layer model, the actual output of the thermal power generating unit and the hydroelectric generating unit is constrained by the upper and lower limits of the output of the units:
Figure BDA0003280525670000091
Figure BDA0003280525670000092
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000093
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000094
the power output of the ith thermal power generating unit is an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the active power output of the ith thermal power generating unit;
Figure BDA0003280525670000095
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000096
for the upper part of the active power output of the ith hydroelectric generating setA limit value and a lower limit value.
Considering that the regulating capacity of the unit is limited, so that the climbing constraint needs to be met, the climbing constraint of the thermal power generating unit and the hydroelectric generating unit is as follows:
Figure BDA0003280525670000097
Figure BDA0003280525670000098
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000099
and
Figure BDA00032805256700000910
the upward climbing capacity and the downward climbing capacity of the ith thermal power generating unit are provided;
Figure BDA00032805256700000911
and
Figure BDA00032805256700000912
the capability of climbing upward and the capability of climbing downward for the ith hydroelectric generating set.
At time t, node i needs to satisfy the power balance constraint, which is:
Figure BDA00032805256700000913
in the above formula, Fs,t,l,kIs the active power of the line; ky,lIs the set of all lines.
For the lines in the grid structure, the line flow constraint also needs to be satisfied during operation:
Figure BDA00032805256700000914
Figure BDA00032805256700000915
Figure BDA0003280525670000101
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000102
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000103
the upper and lower limits of the line power; bl,kIs the susceptance value of the line; thetas,t,lIs the voltage phase angle difference; thetas,t,iIs the voltage phase angle value of node i; thetai minRepresents the minimum allowed phase angle of the node i; thetai maxRepresenting the maximum allowable phase angle of node i
It should be noted that in the expression
Figure BDA0003280525670000104
In existence of
Figure BDA0003280525670000105
The nonlinear term of (2) can be processed by the big-M method:
-M(1-zy,l,k)≤zy,l,kbl,kθs,t,l≤M(1-zy,l,k)。
and acquiring primary frequency modulation standby constraint of the lowest frequency point in the inner layer model according to frequency safety constraint under the expected accident, wherein the accident standby power of the system is greater than the unbalanced power under the expected accident.
When accidents such as direct current fault, generator outage and the like occur in a power grid, the system has surplus power or shortage, and the frequency of the system rises or falls along with the surplus power or shortage. In order to meet the safe and stable operation of the power grid, frequency safety constraints must be introduced. When a fault occurs, the system appears
Figure BDA0003280525670000106
The expression of the system frequency variation can be expressed by a first order differential equation.
Figure BDA0003280525670000107
Figure BDA0003280525670000108
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000109
is the system inertia time constant at time t; d is a damping coefficient;
Figure BDA00032805256700001010
the state coefficient of the thermal power generating unit at the moment t;
Figure BDA00032805256700001011
and the state coefficient of the hydroelectric generating set at the moment t.
When the fault occurs at the moment, the frequency change rate RoCoF is maximum, and in the primary frequency modulation process, the RoCoF needs to be limited to the maximum frequency change rate RoCoF allowed by the systemmaxWithin.
Figure BDA00032805256700001012
In the primary frequency modulation process, in order to ensure that the system has sufficient peak regulation capacity and absorption capacity, a certain amount of electricity abandonment needs to be performed on new energy to meet frequency safety constraint, and the expression of the frequency safety constraint is as follows.
Figure BDA0003280525670000111
Figure BDA0003280525670000112
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000113
the total modulation of the direct current;
Figure BDA0003280525670000114
the slope speed of the thermal power engine climbing under the fault condition is obtained;
Figure BDA0003280525670000115
the water motor climbing speed is the slope speed of water motor climbing under the fault.
The modulation amount of the ith direct current is subjected to
Figure BDA0003280525670000116
Limitation of dc capacity:
Figure BDA0003280525670000117
Figure BDA0003280525670000118
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000119
the modulation quantity of the ith direct current is;
Figure BDA00032805256700001110
the capacity of the ith direct current is shown.
The emergency back-up of the system must be greater than the imbalance power in the expected event.
Figure BDA00032805256700001111
Because equations (30) and (31) contain bilinear variables
Figure BDA00032805256700001112
And
Figure BDA00032805256700001113
the McCormick relaxation process is used here to process the bilinear terms.
Figure BDA00032805256700001114
Figure BDA0003280525670000121
Constructing the opportunity constraint of upper and lower rotation standby according to the uncertainty of the new energy output,
the requirement of coping with the uncertainty of new energy output is preset as a rotary standby
Figure BDA0003280525670000122
Wherein alpha iss,t,i is a participation factor, beta, of thermal power generating unit i to wind and light prediction total errors,t,iThe participation factor of the wind and light prediction total error is responded to the hydroelectric generating set i,
Figure BDA0003280525670000123
and
Figure BDA0003280525670000124
the uncertainty of wind and light is exerted;
the alternate opportunity constraint to cope with system uncertainty is
Figure BDA0003280525670000125
Figure BDA0003280525670000126
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003280525670000127
the reserve capacity P of the ith thermal power generating unit at the t moment in the s scenerAs a distribution function of the uncertainty of the new energy,r (xi) is a set of distribution functions of uncertainty of new energy,
Figure BDA0003280525670000128
and 1-eta is the maximum confidence rate of the fuzzy uncertainty xi, which is the reserve capacity of the ith hydroelectric generating set at the time t in the s scene.
In consideration of the output of new energy, the prediction error of load and the like, a certain rotation standby is required to be ensured in the operation of the system, and the system specifically comprises an upper rotation standby and a lower rotation standby. The new energy output prediction error constraint is as follows:
Figure BDA0003280525670000129
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA00032805256700001210
and
Figure BDA00032805256700001211
boundary values of budget uncertain sets formed by actual wind power output are respectively;
Figure BDA00032805256700001212
and
Figure BDA00032805256700001213
the boundary values of the budget uncertainty set respectively constituted by the actual photovoltaic output.
The thermal power generating units and the hydroelectric generating units respond to the uncertainty of the output of the new energy and need to be preset as rotary standby:
Figure BDA0003280525670000131
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000132
the method is a spare for the thermal power generating unit at the ith time t in the scene of s to deal with the uncertainty of new energy output,
Figure BDA0003280525670000133
a reserve of uncertainty of new energy output, alpha, for the ith hydroelectric generating set at the time t in the scene of ss,t,iParticipation factor beta for responding to wind and light prediction total error of ith thermal power generating unit at t moment in s scenes,t,iResponding to a participation factor, omega, of the wind-light prediction total error for the ith hydroelectric generating set at the t moment in the s scenewAnd ΩpvRespectively a wind turbine set and a photovoltaic set,
Figure BDA0003280525670000134
for the predicted output error of the ith wind turbine generator at the time t in the scene s,
Figure BDA0003280525670000135
and (4) predicting the output error of the ith photovoltaic generator set at the t moment in the s scene.
The backup to system uncertainty is represented by opportunity constraints:
Figure BDA0003280525670000136
Figure BDA0003280525670000137
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Figure BDA0003280525670000138
the reserve capacity P of the ith thermal power generating unit at the t moment in the s scenerR (xi) is a distribution function of the uncertainty of the new energy, R (xi) is a set of distribution functions of the uncertainty of the new energy,
Figure BDA0003280525670000139
and 1-eta is the maximum confidence rate of the fuzzy uncertainty xi, which is the reserve capacity of the ith hydroelectric generating set at the time t in the s scene.
Establishing a probability distribution confidence set of a wind power scene according to historical wind power data, and quantifying the distance between the real distribution of the new energy output error and the historical empirical distribution of the new energy output error by adopting the Wassertein distance:
Figure BDA00032805256700001310
in the above formula: pNAn empirical distribution function representing a new energy output error; prRepresenting a real distribution function of the new energy output error;
Figure BDA00032805256700001311
historical sample parameters representing new energy output errors; m represents the historical sample number of the new energy output error;
Figure BDA00032805256700001312
a random parameter representing a new energy output error;
Figure BDA00032805256700001313
a joint distribution function representing two probabilities of an empirical distribution and a true distribution;
Figure BDA0003280525670000141
representing a distance function between the two probabilities of the empirical distribution and the true distribution. In order to approximate the real distribution of the new energy output parameters according with the law behind the historical data and obtain the real distribution of the new energy uncertain output parameters with regionality, a Wasserstein sphere expression is adopted, namely an empirical distribution P is adoptedNIs the center of sphere, true distribution PrConfined within a sphere of radius ε (N):
Bb＝{Pr∈R(Ξ)|dW(PM,Pr)≤ε(N)} (42)
Figure BDA0003280525670000142
Figure BDA0003280525670000143
in the above formula: omega is a set where the uncertain parameters of the new energy output are located; p (omega) represents all distribution function sets containing uncertain parameters of new energy output; beta is arFor the confidence interval, a fixed value of 0.95 is taken here.
And processing the nonlinear standby opportunity constraint by adopting Wasserstein distance quantization to obtain the linear standby opportunity constraint.
Since the above calculation expressions (39) and (40) of the chance constraint belong to intractable terms, the processing is performed by using Wasserstein distance quantization, and as follows, the chance constraints (39) and (40) can be used for convenience of explanation
Figure BDA0003280525670000144
And (4) showing.
Step 1: the sample set is normalized:
Figure BDA0003280525670000145
wherein
Figure BDA0003280525670000146
For the purpose of the amount of samples after normalization,
Figure BDA0003280525670000147
is the variance of the error sample parameter,
Figure BDA0003280525670000148
is the average of the error sample parameters. Similarly, the uncertain parameters of the new energy are standardized as
Figure BDA0003280525670000149
Step 2: by using gamma-raysmaxTo represent
Figure BDA00032805256700001410
Maximum boundary value of (d); σ is an indeterminate quantity
Figure BDA00032805256700001411
The uncertainty set Θ is constructed by the boundary adjustment amount of (a):
Figure BDA00032805256700001412
and step 3: construction model
Figure BDA00032805256700001413
To solve for the boundary Γ σ. According to the dual theory, it can be converted into model 2:
Figure BDA00032805256700001414
and 4, step 4: model 2 was solved using nested dichotomy.
Inputting system data, equipment parameters and operation parameters of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, solving a double-layer planning model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid by adopting a Benders decomposition algorithm and a business solver GAMS to obtain a power grid planning scheme, and constructing a power supply structure and a grid structure of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid according to the power grid planning scheme.
For step S3, a multi-dc delivery power grid planning scheme is obtained by using the above-mentioned double-layer linear planning model and Benders decomposition method, and a power supply structure and a grid structure of the multi-dc delivery power grid are constructed according to the planning scheme.
Example two
The second embodiment further illustrates on the basis of the first embodiment, and the method is applied to an actual provincial power grid system to realize the planning of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid. The system parameters are as shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 System parameter Table
Parameter(s) Numerical value
Number of nodes 168
Number of branches 389
Load capacity 92.78GW
Delivery volume 66.6GW
And establishing a double-layer planning model according to the objective function and the constraint condition, and solving to obtain a planning scheme of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid. The method relates to the decommissioning of the thermal power generating unit, the distribution of new energy and the reinforcement of the 500kV net rack, and the obtained scheme realizes the mutual matching of the decommissioning route of the thermal power generating unit, the planning of a new energy power supply, the planning of the 500kV net rack and the multiple direct current output quantities. In the planning scheme of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, the retirement of the thermal power generating unit is divided into two stages: during the first stage, 8 thermal power plants are closed, 13 thermal power units are retired, and the total retired capacity of the thermal power units is 4830 WM; during the second stage, 9 thermal power plants are closed, 17 thermal power units are retired, and the total retired capacity of the thermal power units is 9300 WM. Specific retirement routes are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 decommissioning of thermal power generating units of the grid in two phases
Power plant area Number of stations capacity (MW) Phase of retirement
Power plant 1 2*1000 Stage two
Power plant 2 2*600 Stage two
Electric power plant 3 2*600 Stage one
Power plant 4 2*300 Stage one
Power plant 5 2*300、2*600 Stage two
Power plant 6 2*600 Stage two
Power plant 7 2*330 Stage one
Electric power plant 8 2*600 Stage one
9 power plant 1*600 Stage two
Power plant 10 1*600 Stage two
Power plant 11 1*700 Stage two
The power plant 12 2*300 Stage two
Power plant 13 2*300 Stage two
Power plant 14 1*135 Stage one
The power plant 15 1*135 Stage one
The power plant 16 1*300 Stage one
Electric power plant 17 2*330 Stage one
In the planning scheme of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, new energy distribution points are mainly concentrated in three regions in the southwest. The new energy power supply distribution scheme comprises two stages: during the first phase, a new energy 31000WM is added to the power grid planning, wherein wind power 23000WM and photovoltaic 8000WM are adopted. During the second stage, the total installed capacity of newly-added new energy in power grid planning is 62000MW, wherein the total installed capacity of the newly-added wind generation set is 48000MW, and the total installed capacity of the newly-added photovoltaic set is 14000 MW. Specific new energy source commissioning results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 results of new energy unit commissioning in two stages
Figure BDA0003280525670000161
In the planning scheme of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, the grid strengthening planning result is as follows: in the first stage, 2 times of newly-built 1000kV lines are planned, 4 times of newly-built 500kV lines are planned, and the length of the newly-built lines is 1248.8 kilometers; in the second stage, 5 times of 1000kV lines are newly built, 11 times of 500kV lines are newly built, and the length of the newly built lines is 2614 kilometers. The planned grid structure can guarantee the direct current capacity of the outgoing 66.5 GW. The specific rack planning results are shown in table 4.
Table 4 results of net rack planning in two stages
Figure BDA0003280525670000162
And performing expected fault simulation aiming at the planned power grid, and verifying the frequency safety. The frequency condition of a system obtained by using simulation software when a large-capacity direct current in the system has a bipolar locking fault is shown in fig. 3. The result shows that after a bipolar locking fault occurs to a certain high-capacity direct current in the system, the frequency change is within the range of 50.5Hz, which indicates that the planned power grid can ensure the frequency safety when bearing the huge power impact caused by fault disturbance, and the normal operation of the power grid is ensured.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-direct current outgoing power grid planning method considering frequency safety constraint is characterized by comprising the following steps,
selecting a short-term simulation operation scene of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid, and acquiring planning data of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid;
constructing a double-layer planning model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid according to the planning data and based on inertia horizontal constraint and frequency safety constraint of the system;
and solving the double-layer planning model of the multi-direct-current outgoing power grid by adopting a Benders decomposition algorithm and a business solver GAMS to obtain a multi-direct-current outgoing power grid planning scheme.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a long-term power grid planning model considering system inertia level constraints is constructed by minimizing new energy construction cost, grid construction cost and thermal power decommissioning cost as an objective function, and the long-term power grid planning model is used as an outer model of the multi-DC power grid planning model, wherein the objective function is
Figure FDA0003280525660000011
Wherein y represents the y-th planning phase in the planning; y is the number of programming stages; mu.syIs the present value coefficient, fre、flAnd fgInvestment cost of the new energy unit and the net rack and decommissioning cost of the thermal power generating unit are respectively saved.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the inertia level of the system needs to be large in each planning stage of the outer layer modelAt the lowest inertia requirement of the system, i.e. the inertia level of the system is calculated as
Figure FDA0003280525660000012
Wherein
Figure FDA0003280525660000013
Is a retired state variable of the thermal power generating unit,
Figure FDA0003280525660000014
is the inertia time constant of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure FDA0003280525660000015
is the inertia time constant of the hydroelectric generating set,
Figure FDA0003280525660000016
the maximum output of the ith thermal power generating unit;
Figure FDA0003280525660000017
is the maximum output of the jth hydroelectric generating set,
Figure FDA0003280525660000018
for maximum unbalanced power of the system, f0As an initial value of the system frequency, RoCoFmaxIs the frequency rate of change maximum.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the thermal power unit decommissioning model is constructed in the outer layer model, and the minimum cost of decommissioning the thermal power unit is
Figure FDA0003280525660000019
Wherein omegagIs a collection of thermal power generating units,
Figure FDA00032805256600000110
is as followsThe retirement state variable of the ith thermal power generating unit in the y stage,
Figure FDA00032805256600000111
is the retired state variable of the ith thermal power generating unit in the y-1 stage,
Figure FDA00032805256600000112
for the disposal cost of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure FDA00032805256600000113
for the recycling cost of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure FDA00032805256600000114
as the capacity of the ith thermal power generating unit,
Figure FDA00032805256600000115
and the number of the operating life years of the ith thermal power generating unit.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upper and lower limits of the decommissioning number of the thermal power generation units in each stage of each thermal power plant and the upper and lower limits of the total decommissioning number of the thermal power generation units in each stage of the whole power grid are set according to the need for fairness of the decommissioning paths of the thermal power generation units, and the total subsidy amount for decommissioning of the thermal power plant in each stage is limited to the upper limit amount, that is, the total subsidy amount for decommissioning of the thermal power plant is limited to the upper limit amount
Figure FDA0003280525660000021
Figure FDA0003280525660000022
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003280525660000023
and
Figure FDA0003280525660000024
respectively the upper and lower limits, A, of the number of T-decommissioned electric generating sets of the thermal power plant in the y stageTIs the incidence matrix of the thermal power plant T and the ith thermal power unit,
Figure FDA0003280525660000025
and
Figure FDA0003280525660000026
respectively representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the total number of the thermal power generating units which are retired in the y stage,
Figure FDA0003280525660000027
the upper limit amount of the subsidy for the retirement of the thermal power plant.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein a short-term operation model considering frequency constraints is constructed with the cost of short-term simulation operation, various power outputs and line operation states in the system as constraints, and is used as an inner layer model of the multiple direct current outgoing power grid planning model.
7. The method for planning the multi-direct current outgoing power grid considering the frequency safety constraint according to claim 6, wherein the primary frequency modulation standby constraint of the lowest frequency point in the inner layer model is obtained according to the frequency safety constraint under the expected accident, and the accident standby power of the system is greater than the unbalanced power under the expected accident.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the opportunistic constraints of upper and lower rotation backups are constructed based on the uncertainty of new energy output,
the requirement of coping with the uncertainty of new energy output is preset as a rotary standby
Figure FDA0003280525660000028
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003280525660000029
the method is a spare for the thermal power generating unit at the ith time t in the scene of s to deal with the uncertainty of new energy output,
Figure FDA00032805256600000210
a reserve of uncertainty of new energy output, alpha, for the ith hydroelectric generating set at the time t in the scene of ss,t,iParticipation factor beta for responding to wind and light prediction total error of ith thermal power generating unit at t moment in s scenes,t,iResponding to a participation factor, omega, of the wind-light prediction total error for the ith hydroelectric generating set at the t moment in the s scenewAnd ΩpvRespectively a wind turbine set and a photovoltaic set,
Figure FDA00032805256600000211
for the predicted output error of the ith wind turbine generator at the time t in the scene s,
Figure FDA00032805256600000212
and (4) predicting the output error of the ith photovoltaic generator set at the t moment in the s scene.
The alternate opportunity constraint to cope with system uncertainty is
Figure FDA00032805256600000213
Figure FDA0003280525660000031
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003280525660000032
the reserve capacity P of the ith thermal power generating unit at the t moment in the s scenerR (xi) is a distribution function of the uncertainty of the new energy, R (xi) is a set of distribution functions of the uncertainty of the new energy,
Figure FDA0003280525660000033
for the reserve capacity of the ith hydroelectric generating set at the t moment in the s scene1- η is the maximum confidence rate of the fuzzy uncertainty XI.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein Wasserstein distance quantization is used to process nonlinear standby opportunity constraints to obtain linear standby opportunity constraints.
10. The method for planning the multiple direct-current power transmission networks considering the frequency safety constraints as claimed in claim 1, wherein system data, equipment parameters and operation parameters of the multiple direct-current power transmission networks are input, a Benders decomposition algorithm and a business solver GAMS are adopted to solve a multi-stage multiple direct-current power transmission network planning model, a power network planning scheme is obtained, and a power supply structure and a grid structure of the multiple direct-current power transmission networks are constructed according to the power network planning scheme.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117937580A (en) * 2023-12-13 2024-04-26 国家电网有限公司华东分部 Power supply planning method, device, equipment and medium for arrival-time thermal power generating unit

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