CN113866872A - Mode controller of multi-core optical fiber to few-mode optical fiber - Google Patents
Mode controller of multi-core optical fiber to few-mode optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN113866872A CN113866872A CN202111187461.0A CN202111187461A CN113866872A CN 113866872 A CN113866872 A CN 113866872A CN 202111187461 A CN202111187461 A CN 202111187461A CN 113866872 A CN113866872 A CN 113866872A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/14—Mode converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
- G02B6/2766—Manipulating the plane of polarisation from one input polarisation to another output polarisation, e.g. polarisation rotators, linear to circular polarisation converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/011—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- G02F1/0115—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a mode controller of a multi-core fiber to a few-mode fiber, which consists of the multi-core fiber, a mode field conversion area, the few-mode fiber and a phase modulation module, wherein the multi-core fiber and the few-mode fiber are connected by the mode field conversion area, transmission light forms stable phase difference through the phase modulation module and then is transmitted in the multi-core fiber, at least one mode fiber is coupled through the mode field conversion area, so that a high-order mode of the few-mode fiber can be excited, different modes can be excited by different phase differences, and the mode controller can be used for mode conversion and control of the few-mode fiber. The method is widely applied to the fields of mode division multiplexing technology, optical fiber communication and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mode controller of a multi-core optical fiber to a few-mode optical fiber, belonging to the technical field of optical fiber communication.
Background
When light is transmitted in the optical fiber, a plurality of transmission modes exist due to the optical fiber and the parameters of the light, and each transmission mode corresponds to a solution of Maxwell's equations, namely a distribution form of an electromagnetic field in the optical fiber. A typical optical fiber transmission system uses a single mode fiber as a transmission waveguide for an optical signal, and the single mode fiber can transmit only one mode, i.e., a fundamental mode. However, the transmission capacity of the fundamental mode in the single-mode fiber cannot meet the transmission requirement of a large amount of data in the future. Different high-order eigenmodes in the optical fiber are used as transmission channels, so that an independent data stream parallel transmission function can be realized, and the transmission capacity of the optical fiber is greatly improved, so that a mode converter for converting a fundamental mode into a high-order mode is needed.
At present, aiming at a plurality of modes of few-mode optical fibers and multimode optical fiber mode control, a mode converter of multimode optical fibers is proposed in a patent with the patent number of CN201610023631.4, the patent uses the multimode optical fibers with the core diameter of 50um as input and output optical fibers, a middle mode conversion area consists of a plurality of few-mode optical fibers, a plurality of few-mode optical fibers are fixed into an optical fiber bundle by using a glass sleeve, and finally, the mode converter is manufactured by using processes of tapering, welding and the like, the mode converter can only convert a basic mode into a high-order mode, the high-order mode is determined by the number of the optical fibers in the optical fiber bundle in the mode conversion area, and meanwhile, the tapering structure has certain defects because the mode conversion area is too short and only 250um causes the tapering conversion to be rapid, the conversion efficiency is not ideal, and the mode converter is difficult to realize when manufacturing the optical fiber bundle with the length of 250um and has no feasibility. Patent No. CN201410628299.5 proposes a scheme of designing a mode converter using a special fiber, where the mode converter is composed of three different special fibers, and is welded with a single-mode fiber and a multimode fiber through a taper, the single-mode fiber is used as an input fiber, the multimode fiber is an output fiber, the special fiber connected with the input fiber is a double-clad fiber, and is used to match with a symmetric double-core fiber at the rear end, and define a normalized cut-off frequency on parameters to prevent propagation of a high-order mode, and the mode conversion is determined by the structure of the special fiber, and has a certain reliability on the conversion of a low-order mode. Similarly, patent No. CN201320825987.1 proposes a special optical fiber as a mode converter, where the special optical fiber is composed of three cores with different diameters, the diameter of the smallest core is matched with the diameter of a common single-mode optical fiber, the diameter of the second core is 3.5um larger than the diameter of the smallest core, the refractive index of the second core is 0.002 larger than the refractive index of the smallest core, the diameter of the third core is 3.5um larger than the diameter of the second core, the refractive index of the third core is 0.002 larger than the refractive index of the second core, the three cores are arranged in a straight line with different distances, a light source in LP01 mode is input to the smallest core, and by the coupling theory, the light source is coupled to the second core after propagating for a certain distance, the mode of the second core is converted into LP11 mode, the light beam is coupled to the third core after propagating for a certain distance, the mode of the third core is converted into LP02 mode, light in the three fiber cores is transmitted in a periodically coupled state, a certain loss is generated by the transition of the LP01 mode through the second fiber core, and finally the efficiency of mode conversion is not ideal. In patent No. CN201910751287.4, a femtosecond laser processing system is used to micro-process the end face of an optical fiber to change the refractive index distribution of the end face of the optical fiber, since different phase delays are generated when light passes through regions with different refractive index distributions, the laser-written region and the laser-unwritten region will form a micro phase control structure, and the conversion from a low-order mode to a high-order mode is realized by phase modulation. The patent No. CN200810021652.8 discloses a dual-core photonic crystal fiber for implementing mode conversion between LP01 mode and LP02 mode, which is composed of an air hole and two cores, wherein the two heterogeneous cores with different core diameters are used, the small core transmits LP01 mode, the large core transmits LP02 mode, and in the fiber, the two modes are periodically coupled at a wavelength of 1.55um, and the length of the coupling maximum is selected to complete mode conversion between LP01 mode and LP02 mode. The patent No. CN202010787190.1 mentions that mode conversion is achieved by using a long period grating, which uses a carbon dioxide laser to write the long period grating on a few-mode fiber to convert the LP01 mode into the high-order LP11 mode, and also can convert the LP01 mode into the LP11 mode by means of cascading a plurality of long period gratings, and then convert the LP11 mode into the LP21 mode, so as to achieve conversion from the low-order mode to the higher-order mode.
The invention discloses a mode controller of a multi-core optical fiber to a few-mode optical fiber. The optical fiber can controllably convert light transmitted by a fundamental mode in the multi-core optical fiber into a plurality of high-order modes, and can be widely applied to the technical fields of wavelength division multiplexing, mode division multiplexing and the like. The light transmitted in the few-mode fiber mode obtains a stable mode through simple tapering processing and phase modulation, and the propagation mode can be controlled by changing the phase of each fiber core of the multi-core fiber. Compared with the prior art, the mode controller has the advantages of simple structure, high mode conversion efficiency and controllable mode conversion, the problem of conversion from single mode to multi-mode in general mode conversion can be avoided, the conversion from multi-mode to single mode can cause larger loss, the mode controller of the multi-core optical fiber to the few-mode optical fiber can realize the inverse conversion of the modes, and the loss is hardly generated during the conversion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mode controller of a multi-core fiber to at least a mode fiber, which has a simple structure and controllable mode conversion.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a mode controller of multi-core fiber to few-mode fiber is composed of multi-core fiber, mode field conversion region, few-mode fiber and phase modulation module.
The multi-core optical fiber has even number of cores, and each core has equal distance with the central axis of the optical fiber and is positioned at the vertex of the regular polygon.
The core diameter of the few-mode optical fiber is far larger than that of the multi-core optical fiber.
The phase modulation module is composed of a plurality of phase modulators, the number of the phase modulators is the same as that of the fiber cores of the multi-core optical fiber, and the phase of each fiber core can be modulated independently.
The mode field transformation area aims to realize mode field matching of the multi-core optical fiber and the few-mode optical fiber, the multi-core optical fiber is sleeved with a low-refractive-index quartz sleeve and subjected to tapering treatment, a position matched with geometric parameters is selected for cutting, and then the multi-core optical fiber and the few-mode optical fiber are subjected to fusion welding, wherein the low-refractive-index quartz sleeve has the function of enabling fusion welding transition of the multi-core optical fiber and the few-mode optical fiber to be smoother, the design of the tapering area can increase wavelength bandwidth, and meanwhile, the tolerance rate of optical fiber matching is improved.
The mode controller of the multi-core optical fiber to the few-mode optical fiber can enable all the fiber cores to have stable phase difference by modulating the phase of each fiber core in the multi-core optical fiber, and can convert an LP01 mode transmitted by the multi-core optical fiber into an LP01 mode to an LPn1 mode of the few-mode optical fiber after passing through a mode field conversion area, wherein n in the LPn1 mode refers to the upper limit of a mode capable of controlling conversion and is determined by the number of the fiber cores of the multi-core optical fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the mode controller of the multi-core optical fiber and the few-mode optical fiber has at least the following advantages:
(1) the device has simple structure, small influence on the device in the processing processes of taper drawing and the like, and is suitable for batch production.
(2) The mode conversion is controllable, and any conversion from the LP01 mode to the LPn1 mode can be realized.
(3) The mode conversion efficiency is high, and the light of each fiber core of the multi-core fiber can be converted without mode interference and other modes except a target conversion mode.
(4) The expandability is strong, and the more the number of the multi-core optical fiber cores is, the more the convertible modes are.
(5) The device has high stability, the mode conversion is reversible, and the loss generated in the reverse conversion process is equal to the loss generated in the normal conversion process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mode controller of an integrated four-core optical fiber at least mode optical fiber designed by the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows examples of multi-core fibers to which the present invention is applied, i.e., (a) a four-core fiber, (b) a six-core fiber, (c) an eight-core fiber, (d) a ten-core fiber, and (e) a twelve-core fiber.
Fig. 3 is a few-mode optical fiber to which the present invention is applicable.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mode field transformation region of a four-core fiber according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a four-core optical fiber to which the present invention is applicable.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a phase modulator structure used in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the end face structure of the phase modulator used in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a mode controller of a non-integrated four-core optical fiber at least mode fiber according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 to 11 show different output modes of the few-mode fiber corresponding to different phase output conditions of each core of the four-core fiber.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a mode controller of a multi-core optical fiber and a few-mode optical fiber, and particularly, the mode controller is suitable for the multi-core optical fiber with even number of cores, all the cores are arranged at equal intervals in the circumference and no middle core, such as (a) a four-core optical fiber, (b) a six-core optical fiber, (c) an eight-core optical fiber, (d) a ten-core optical fiber and (e) a twelve-core optical fiber shown in figure 2. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an end surface of a few-mode fiber, where the core refractive index is equal to that of a multi-core fiber, and the core diameter is much larger than that of the multi-core fiber, the core diameter of the few-mode fiber selected in this embodiment is larger than 19um, and the mode controller of a four-core fiber to a few-mode fiber is taken as an example for further explanation.
Example 1: the mode controller of the integrated four-core optical fiber at least mode optical fiber performs phase modulation through graphene.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated mode controller for a four-core fiber to a few-mode fiber, which is composed of a four-core fiber 1, a few-mode fiber 3, a mode field transformation area 2 and a phase modulation module 4, wherein a perspective structural diagram of the mode field transformation area is shown in fig. 4, the four-core fiber 1 is fused with the few-mode fiber 3 after being sleeved with a low-refractive-index quartz sleeve 2-1 and tapered, the maximum distance between fiber cores of the four-core fiber after being tapered is required to be slightly smaller than the diameter of the fiber core of the few-mode fiber, the refractive index of the low-refractive-index quartz sleeve is equal to the cladding refractive index of the four-core fiber, and the transition between the four-core fiber after being tapered and the few-mode fiber can be more gradual due to the sleeved low-refractive-index quartz sleeve. The phase modulation module is composed of four phase modulators, the schematic structural diagram of the phase modulators is shown in fig. 6, the four-core optical fiber 1 is subjected to side-throwing treatment, a concave area 4-3 is thrown out laterally, then a graphene material 4-2 is attached to the concave area, electrodes 4-1 are fixed on two sides of the graphene material, and the phase of light transmitted by a fiber core in the optical fiber can be changed by controlling the voltage and current of the electrodes at two ends of the graphene by utilizing the electro-optic adjustable characteristic of the graphene. Fig. 7 is a schematic end view of a phase modulator, where the side-polished depth is required to be not more than the position of a fiber core, and graphene is only attached to one fiber core in a multi-core fiber, that is, one phase modulator can only modulate the phase of light transmitted in one fiber core, four phase modulators respectively perform phase modulation on four fiber cores, and light transmitted from a mode field conversion region by a few-mode fiber can have a stable transmission mode by allowing the light transmitted in the four fiber cores to propagate according to a stable phase difference.
The mode control principle is realized by taking the four-core optical fiber used by the invention as an example, as shown in fig. 5, the four fiber cores in the four-core optical fiber are respectively marked with serial numbers 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4, wherein the fiber core No. 1-1 and the fiber core No. 1-3 are centrosymmetric, and the fiber core No. 1-2 and the fiber core No. 1-4 are centrosymmetric, when the phase controller does not work, the phase of the light input from the left end of the phase modulation module in fig. 5 is not changed when passing through the phase modulation module, and the LP01 mode in the four-core optical fiber is converted into the LP01 mode of the few-mode optical fiber through the mode field conversion region, as shown in fig. 9. If the phase difference of the light in the fiber cores 1-1 and 1-2 is zero, the phase difference of the light in the fiber cores 1-3 and 1-4 is zero, and the phase difference of the light in the fiber cores 1-1 and 1-3 is 180 degrees, the light is input from the left end of the phase modulation module and enters the mode field conversion region through the phase modulation module, at this time, the mode of the light in the few-mode fiber is converted into the LP11 mode, as shown in fig. 10, the mode conversion from the LP01 mode to the LP11 mode of the few-mode fiber in the four-core fiber is realized. If the phase difference of the light in the fiber cores 1-1 and 1-3 is zero, the phase difference of the light in the fiber cores 1-2 and 1-4 is zero, and the phase difference of the light in the fiber cores 1-1 and 1-2 is 180 degrees, after the light is input from the left end of the phase modulation module, the light enters the mode field conversion region through the phase modulation module, and due to the phase difference of the four fiber cores of the four-core fiber, the mode of the light in the few-mode fiber is converted into the LP21 mode, as shown in fig. 11, the mode conversion from the LP01 mode to the LP21 mode of the few-mode fiber in the four-core fiber is realized.
In the mode conversion process, the input light is the same light and is respectively input into the four fiber cores of the four-core optical fiber, the phase difference of the light in the four fiber cores is zero before the light passes through the phase modulation module, namely, the input end can use the single-mode optical fiber to be connected into the phase modulation module through the light splitting coupler, and the mode conversion from the single-mode optical fiber to the few-mode optical fiber can be realized.
Example 2: a non-integrated four-core fiber-to-few-mode fiber mode controller.
Fig. 8 shows a non-integrated mode controller for four-core optical fibers to few-mode optical fibers, compared with embodiment 1, embodiment 2 is to connect four optical phase modulators 4 using an optical fiber coupler 7 and an optical fiber fan-in fan-out 5, a light beam is injected from direction 6 into the input end of the 1 × 4 coupler 7, four single-mode output optical fibers of the coupler 7 are all connected to the input end of one phase modulator, each phase modulator output end is connected to one single-mode optical fiber, four single-mode optical fibers connected to the four phase modulator output ends are connected to the single-mode optical fiber input end of the optical fiber fan-in fan-out 5, the output end of the fan-in fan-out 5 is a four-core optical fiber, and the four-core optical fiber 1 is connected to the few-mode optical fiber 3 through the mode field transformation area 2. Compared with embodiment 1, only the phase modulation module is different, and the mode control principle is realized by modulating the phase.
Claims (4)
1. A mode controller of multi-core optical fiber to few-mode optical fiber is composed of multi-core optical fiber, mode field conversion region, few-mode optical fiber and phase modulation module, the multi-core optical fiber and few-mode optical fiber are connected through the mode field conversion region, the phase modulation module is connected with the multi-core optical fiber, transmission light is used for carrying out phase modulation on each fiber core in the multi-core optical fiber through the phase modulation module, stable phase difference is formed among the fiber cores, then the transmission light is transmitted in the multi-core optical fiber, at least one mode optical fiber is coupled through the mode field conversion region, the high-order mode of the few-mode optical fiber can be excited, and different modes can be excited through different phase differences.
2. The mode controller of claim 1, wherein the multicore fiber has an even number of cores, each core being equidistant from a central axis of the fiber and located at a vertex of a regular polygon.
3. The mode controller of claim 1, wherein the phase modulation module comprises a plurality of phase modulators, the number of phase modulators is the same as the number of cores of the multicore fiber, and the phase of each core can be modulated individually.
4. The mode controller of claim 1, wherein the mode field transformation region is configured to match an output mode field of the multi-core fiber with an input mode field of the few-mode fiber.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115291330A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 武汉聚合光子技术有限公司 | High-beam-quality beam combiner based on multi-core optical fiber and manufacturing method thereof |
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| US20050105854A1 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-05-19 | Imra America, Inc. | Optical fiber pump multiplexer |
| CN111061011A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-24 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Improved single-mode fiber and multi-core fiber coupler and preparation method thereof |
| AU2020100483A4 (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-05-21 | Guilin University Of Electronic Technology | An improved 1 × N single-mode optical fiber and multi-core optical fiber coupler and preparation method |
| CN112363320A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-12 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Optical fiber vortex optical beam generator and preparation method thereof |
| CN112612083A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-06 | 武汉邮电科学研究院有限公司 | Optical fiber mode multiplexing and demultiplexing device and method |
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- 2021-10-12 CN CN202111187461.0A patent/CN113866872A/en active Pending
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| CN111061011A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-04-24 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Improved single-mode fiber and multi-core fiber coupler and preparation method thereof |
| AU2020100483A4 (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-05-21 | Guilin University Of Electronic Technology | An improved 1 × N single-mode optical fiber and multi-core optical fiber coupler and preparation method |
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| Title |
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| LIBO YUAN: "Bitapered fiber coupling characteristics between single-mode single-core fiber and single-mode multicore fiber", APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 47, no. 18, 12 June 2008 (2008-06-12), pages 3307 - 3312, XP001514394, DOI: 10.1364/AO.47.003307 * |
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