CN113866493A - Method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power - Google Patents

Method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113866493A
CN113866493A CN202111238621.XA CN202111238621A CN113866493A CN 113866493 A CN113866493 A CN 113866493A CN 202111238621 A CN202111238621 A CN 202111238621A CN 113866493 A CN113866493 A CN 113866493A
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inter
harmonic
wind power
frequency
voltage fluctuation
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刘云
吴彬
李振斌
霍现旭
马世乾
王峥
李树鹏
刘亚丽
崇志强
吴磊
于光耀
王天昊
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • G01R19/2506Arrangements for conditioning or analysing measured signals, e.g. for indicating peak values ; Details concerning sampling, digitizing or waveform capturing
    • G01R19/2509Details concerning sampling, digitizing or waveform capturing

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power, which comprises the following steps: step 1, performing power spectrum estimation on a wind power output voltage signal sequence after synchronous sampling by using a Burg algorithm pair based on optimal window weighting correction, and analyzing a power spectrum to accurately obtain the frequency of each inter-harmonic component; step 2, carrying out FFT analysis on the voltage sampling signal sequence according to the frequency of each inter-harmonic component obtained in the step 1 to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the real inter-harmonic; and 3, obtaining the measurement result of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power after the original signal passes through a vision sensitivity weighting filter to simulate lamp-eye-brain frequency response characteristic according to the amplitude and the phase of the obtained real inter-harmonic wave obtained by calculation in the step 2. The invention can improve the detection accuracy of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by the wind power plant.

Description

Method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power quality monitoring of power systems, and particularly relates to a method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power.
Background
The wind power generator set is influenced by factors such as wind shearing effect, tower shadow effect and the like, fluctuation of specific frequency occurs in output power, so that inter-harmonic waves of the specific frequency are generated, and the damage of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by the inter-harmonic waves is also wide. Inter-harmonics are the root cause of voltage fluctuations and flicker in wind farms.
With the increasing scale of wind power installations, the influence of the wind power installations on the power quality of a power grid is more and more obvious, so that the requirements on inter-harmonic detection of a wind power plant and voltage fluctuation and flicker analysis caused by the inter-harmonic are higher and higher. The voltage flicker phenomenon caused by wind power is random and influenced in many aspects, and the voltage flicker calculation and evaluation research difficulty caused by the wind power is higher due to the fact that the frequency domain distribution universality and the amplitude of inter-harmonics are weak and the like.
Some contents related to inter-harmonic detection algorithm and flicker caused by inter-harmonics are mentioned in relevant national standards, but the method has limitations, resolution is not high, and detailed inter-harmonic parameters cannot be obtained.
Therefore, in view of the harmfulness of voltage fluctuation and flicker of the wind power plant and the lack of the current analysis means, research on calculation and evaluation of the voltage fluctuation and flicker of the wind power plant needs to be strengthened, and a method for measuring the voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power is invented.
No prior art publications that are the same or similar to the present invention have been found by search.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power, and can improve the detection accuracy of the voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by a wind power plant.
The invention solves the practical problem by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power comprises the following steps:
step 1, performing power spectrum estimation on a wind power output voltage signal sequence after synchronous sampling by using a Burg algorithm pair based on optimal window weighting correction, and analyzing a power spectrum to accurately obtain the frequency of each inter-harmonic component;
step 2, carrying out FFT analysis on the voltage sampling signal sequence according to the frequency of each inter-harmonic component obtained in the step 1 to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the real inter-harmonic;
and 3, obtaining the measurement result of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power after the original signal passes through a vision sensitivity weighting filter to simulate lamp-eye-brain frequency response characteristic according to the amplitude and the phase of the obtained real inter-harmonic wave obtained by calculation in the step 2.
Further, the specific steps of step 1 include:
(1) for a discrete signal x (n), the representation as a p-th order AR model is:
Figure BDA0003318399390000021
in formula (1): η (n) is zero mean variance σ2White noise of (2). a isk(k 1.., p) is the coefficient of the AR model of order p.
(2) The AR power spectral density of signal x (n) is:
Figure BDA0003318399390000022
an AR model of order p is equivalent to a linear predictor of order p, the parameters of the AR model are the coefficients of the linear predictor, and the variance σ2Minimum prediction error power equal to order ppTherefore, the power spectrum formula is equivalent to:
Figure BDA0003318399390000031
therefore, only the minimum prediction error power ρ is obtainedpAnd model parameters akThe power spectrum of the signal can be obtained;
(3) AR model parameter solution
Figure BDA0003318399390000032
Figure BDA0003318399390000033
Figure BDA0003318399390000034
E in formulae (4), (5) and (6)m(n)、bm(n) are the forward and backward prediction errors, respectively, for an order of m;ρmthe predicted error power when the order is m; k is a radical ofmThe reflection coefficient is the order m.
Initial value: prediction error
Figure BDA0003318399390000035
Initial value e of front and back prediction error0(n)=b0(n) ═ x (n). The filter coefficients are calculated according to the Burg algorithm:
Figure BDA0003318399390000036
calculating the prediction error power:
ρm=(1-|km|2m-1 (8)
computing output
Figure BDA0003318399390000037
Finally obtaining the minimum prediction error power rhopAnd model parameters ak
The power spectral density is obtained by substituting formula (3), and the frequency f of each inter-harmonic component contained in the original data can be accurately obtained1,f2,f3,...,fn
Further, the specific steps of step 2 include:
(1) let fa,fbIs f1、f2、f3、...、fnOf the 2 frequency components having the smallest difference;
determining the two closest frequency components in the signal, denoted faAnd fbThe difference f between the two frequenciesab=|fa-fbThe frequency resolution Δ f of the spectral line should at least satisfy:
Figure BDA0003318399390000041
minimum number of data points N for Fourier analysis of a signalminComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003318399390000042
intercepting N data of an original signal, and meeting the following requirements: n is an integer multiple of 1024 and N>Nmin
(2) Performing FFT analysis on the intercepted data x (n) to obtain the amplitude and the phase of each inter-harmonic;
Figure BDA0003318399390000043
because the maximum frequency range of human perception to flicker does not exceed 0.05-35 Hz, the frequency band of inter-harmonic waves concerned by the invention is 15-85 Hz; after filtering, only f with the inter-harmonic frequency band within the range of 15-85 Hz is reserved1、f2、f3、...、fnThe amplitude and phase of each inter-harmonic, i.e.:
ui(t)=Ui sin(ωit+θi)
(3) the original signal can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003318399390000044
in the formula, the first part is fundamental wave, and the second part is inter-harmonic wave.
Further, the specific steps of step 3 include:
(1) the original signal is passed through a perceptibility weighting filter to simulate a lamp-eye-brain frequency response characteristic as follows:
Figure BDA0003318399390000051
and obtaining the final measurement result values of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power:
Figure BDA0003318399390000052
in the formula: g is a constant of the gain, and G is a constant of the gain,
ω0i=ω0i,θ0i=θ0i
the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the flicker problem with the inter-harmonic, starts with researching the frequency spectrum analysis algorithm of the inter-harmonic, improves the precision of inter-harmonic detection and measures the related parameters of the inter-harmonic, thereby improving the calculation precision and speed of the frequency domain algorithm for flicker calculation. The invention deeply researches the mechanism of the voltage flicker phenomenon caused by wind power, takes a flicker calculation method and a flicker evaluation standard as final targets, and systematically researches the voltage fluctuation and flicker problem caused by the wind power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hardware configuration diagram of an inter-harmonic detection apparatus;
fig. 2 is a software configuration diagram of the inter-harmonic detection apparatus.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power comprises the following steps:
step 1, performing power spectrum estimation on a wind power output voltage signal sequence after synchronous sampling by using a Burg algorithm pair based on optimal window weighting correction, and analyzing a power spectrum to accurately obtain the frequency of each inter-harmonic component;
the method is mainly applied to non-real-time analysis of wind field voltage fluctuation and flicker, the time window can be set to be longer, and the frequency of each inter-harmonic component can be accurately obtained through analysis of the power spectrum.
The specific steps of the step 1 are as follows:
(1) for a discrete signal x (n), the representation as a p-th order AR model is:
Figure BDA0003318399390000061
in formula (1): η (n) is zero mean variance σ2White noise of (2). a isk(k 1.., p) is the coefficient of the AR model of order p.
(2) The AR power spectral density of signal x (n) is:
Figure BDA0003318399390000062
an AR model of order p is equivalent to a linear predictor of order p. The parameters of the AR model are the coefficients of the linear predictor, the variance σ2Minimum prediction error power equal to order pp. So the power spectrum formula is equivalent to:
Figure BDA0003318399390000063
therefore, only the minimum prediction error power ρ is obtainedpAnd model parameters akThe power spectrum of the signal is obtained.
(4) AR model parameter solution
Figure BDA0003318399390000064
Figure BDA0003318399390000065
Figure BDA0003318399390000071
E in formulae (4), (5) and (6)m(n)、bm(n) are the forward and backward prediction errors, respectively, for an order of m; rhomThe predicted error power when the order is m; k is a radical ofmThe reflection coefficient is the order m.
Initial value: prediction error
Figure BDA0003318399390000072
Initial value e of front and back prediction error0(n)=b0(n) ═ x (n). Calculating filter coefficients according to the Burg algorithm
Figure BDA0003318399390000073
Calculating prediction error power
ρm=(1-|km|2m-1 (8)
Computing output
Figure BDA0003318399390000074
Finally obtaining the minimum prediction error power rhopAnd model parameters ak
The power spectral density is obtained by substituting formula (3), and the frequency f of each inter-harmonic component contained in the original data can be accurately obtained1,f2,f3,...,fn(but not the precise amplitude and phase of each frequency component).
Step 2, carrying out FFT analysis on the voltage sampling signal sequence according to the frequency of each inter-harmonic component obtained in the step 1 to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the real inter-harmonic;
the FFT analysis of inter-harmonic containing signals typically results in spectral leakage, which includes both long range leakage and short range leakage. The long-range leakage is mutual interference between signal spectrum side lobes caused by signal truncation and a small truncation window, the method is non-real-time analysis, and the window length can be large enough, so the long-range leakage can be ignored; short-range leakage refers to that due to unreasonable length of a truncation window, a barrier effect of a discrete spectrum is caused to generate a false inter-harmonic signal, and real inter-harmonics are hidden. According to the accurate inter-harmonic frequency obtained in the step 1, the method selects the appropriate length of the truncation window, so that the amplitude and the phase of the real inter-harmonic are obtained.
The specific steps of the step 2 comprise:
(1) let fa,fbIs f1、f2、f3、...、fnOf the 2 frequency components having the smallest difference.
Determining the two closest frequency components in the signal, denoted faAnd fbThe difference f between the two frequenciesab=|fa-fbThe frequency resolution Δ f of the spectral lines should at least satisfy (take m spectral lines):
Figure BDA0003318399390000081
minimum number of data points N for Fourier analysis of a signalminComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003318399390000082
intercepting N data of an original signal, and meeting the following requirements: n is an integer multiple of 1024 and N>Nmin
(2) Performing FFT analysis on the intercepted data x (n) to obtain the amplitude and the phase of each inter-harmonic;
Figure BDA0003318399390000083
because the maximum frequency range of human perception to flicker does not exceed 0.05-35 Hz, the frequency band of inter-harmonic waves concerned by the invention is 15-85 Hz; after filtering, only f with the inter-harmonic frequency band within the range of 15-85 Hz is reserved1、f2、f3、...、fnThe amplitude and phase of each inter-harmonic, i.e.:
ui(t)=Ui sin(ωit+θi)
(3) the original signal can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003318399390000084
in the formula, the first part is fundamental wave, and the second part is inter-harmonic wave.
And 3, obtaining the measurement result of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power after the original signal passes through a vision sensitivity weighting filter to simulate lamp-eye-brain frequency response characteristic according to the amplitude and the phase of the obtained real inter-harmonic wave obtained by calculation in the step 2.
The specific steps of the step 3 comprise:
(1) the original signal is passed through a perceptibility weighting filter to simulate a lamp-eye-brain frequency response characteristic as follows:
Figure BDA0003318399390000091
and obtaining the final measurement result values of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power:
Figure BDA0003318399390000092
in the formula: g is a constant of the gain, and G is a constant of the gain,
ω0i=ω0i,θ0i=θ0i
in the present embodiment, the present invention is explained in terms of a hardware configuration with reference to fig. 1. The voltage signal (1.1) and the current signal (1.2) firstly pass through a cabinet wiring terminal (1.3) and then are converted into analog signals (1.4), the analog signals pass through a sensor (1.5) and a signal conditioning circuit (1.6) and then are subjected to data acquisition by a data acquisition card (1.7), the acquired data are sent to an industrial personal computer (1.8), and data analysis, calculation and storage are carried out by a LabVIEW software program.
The inter-harmonic detection device adopts a concept design software system of hierarchical structure design, and the structure is shown in fig. 2. The software device is established on a hardware platform (2.2) of the virtual instrument, and the equipment management of the hardware platform is realized through a Windows NT operating system (2.3). Data (2.1) acquired by a data acquisition card is input into device software, and the device software consists of a PCI equipment driver (2.4), an NI-DAQ data acquisition operation support library (2.5), a data analysis subsystem (2.6), a data storage subsystem (2.7) and a user interface (2.8). The data analysis subsystem completes complex operation on the acquired data, the data storage subsystem is used for storing the acquired field data and analysis results, and the user interface provides interface elements such as curves, charts, reports, buttons, menus, shortcut keys and the like on the front panel for a user to realize humanized operation.
It should be emphasized that the examples described herein are illustrative and not restrictive, and thus the present invention includes, but is not limited to, those examples described in this detailed description, as well as other embodiments that can be derived from the teachings of the present invention by those skilled in the art and that are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, performing power spectrum estimation on a wind power output voltage signal sequence after synchronous sampling by using a Burg algorithm pair based on optimal window weighting correction, and analyzing a power spectrum to accurately obtain the frequency of each inter-harmonic component;
step 2, carrying out FFT analysis on the voltage sampling signal sequence according to the frequency of each inter-harmonic component obtained in the step 1 to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the real inter-harmonic;
and 3, obtaining the measurement result of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power after the original signal passes through a vision sensitivity weighting filter to simulate lamp-eye-brain frequency response characteristic according to the amplitude and the phase of the obtained real inter-harmonic wave obtained by calculation in the step 2.
2. The method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power generation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of the step 1 comprise:
(1) for a discrete signal x (n), the representation as a p-th order AR model is:
Figure FDA0003318399380000011
in formula (1): η (n) is zero mean variance σ2White noise of (2). a isk(k 1.., p) is the coefficient of the AR model of order p.
(2) The AR power spectral density of signal x (n) is:
Figure FDA0003318399380000012
an AR model of order p is equivalent to a linear predictor of order p, the parameters of the AR model are the coefficients of the linear predictor, and the variance σ2Minimum prediction error power equal to order ppTherefore, the power spectrum formula is equivalent to:
Figure FDA0003318399380000021
therefore, only the minimum prediction error power ρ is obtainedpAnd model parameters akThe power spectrum of the signal can be obtained;
(3) AR model parameter solution
Figure FDA0003318399380000022
Figure FDA0003318399380000023
Figure FDA0003318399380000024
E in formulae (4), (5) and (6)m(n)、bm(n) are the forward and backward prediction errors, respectively, for an order of m; rhomPrediction error for order mA differential power; k is a radical ofmThe reflection coefficient is the order m.
Initial value: prediction error
Figure FDA0003318399380000025
Initial value e of front and back prediction error0(n)=b0(n) ═ x (n). The filter coefficients are calculated according to the Burg algorithm:
Figure FDA0003318399380000026
calculating the prediction error power:
ρm=(1-|km|2m-1 (8)
computing output
Figure FDA0003318399380000027
Finally obtaining the minimum prediction error power rhopAnd model parameters ak
The power spectral density is obtained by substituting formula (3), and the frequency f of each inter-harmonic component contained in the original data can be accurately obtained1,f2,f3,...,fn
3. The method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power generation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of the step 2 comprise:
(1) let fa,fbIs f1、f2、f3、...、fnOf the 2 frequency components having the smallest difference;
determining the two closest frequency components in the signal, denoted faAnd fbThe difference f between the two frequenciesab=|fa-fbThe frequency resolution Δ f of the spectral line should at least satisfy:
Figure FDA0003318399380000031
minimum number of data points N for Fourier analysis of a signalminComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003318399380000032
intercepting N data of an original signal, and meeting the following requirements: n is an integer multiple of 1024 and N>Nmin
(2) Performing FFT analysis on the intercepted data x (n) to obtain the amplitude and the phase of each inter-harmonic;
Figure FDA0003318399380000033
because the maximum frequency range of human perception to flicker does not exceed 0.05-35 Hz, the frequency band of inter-harmonic waves concerned by the invention is 15-85 Hz; after filtering, only f with the inter-harmonic frequency band within the range of 15-85 Hz is reserved1、f2、f3、...、fnThe amplitude and phase of each inter-harmonic, i.e.:
ui(t)=Ui sin(ωit+θi)
(3) the original signal can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0003318399380000034
in the formula, the first part is fundamental wave, and the second part is inter-harmonic wave.
4. The method for measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power generation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of the step 3 comprise:
(1) the original signal is passed through a perceptibility weighting filter to simulate a lamp-eye-brain frequency response characteristic as follows:
Figure FDA0003318399380000041
and obtaining the final measurement result values of voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by wind power:
Figure FDA0003318399380000042
in the formula: g is a constant of the gain, and G is a constant of the gain,
ω0i=ω0i,θ0i=θ0i
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116865269A (en) * 2023-09-01 2023-10-10 山东泰开电力电子有限公司 Wind turbine generator system high harmonic compensation method and system
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