CN113862667A - A multistage release device for broadband cladding vibration material disk - Google Patents
A multistage release device for broadband cladding vibration material disk Download PDFInfo
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- CN113862667A CN113862667A CN202111166062.6A CN202111166062A CN113862667A CN 113862667 A CN113862667 A CN 113862667A CN 202111166062 A CN202111166062 A CN 202111166062A CN 113862667 A CN113862667 A CN 113862667A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 281
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F2007/068—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and provides a multistage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing. The pressure relief device comprises a first-level pressure relief mechanism and a second-level pressure relief mechanism which are arranged in a cascade mode, the first-level pressure relief mechanism is used for relieving pressure of powder flowing out of the first powder outlet, and the second-level pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the first-level pressure relief mechanism and used for carrying out secondary pressure relief on the powder subjected to pressure relief by the first-level pressure relief mechanism. Therefore, the problems of poor uniformity during laser cladding, poor smoothness after cladding and large machining allowance caused by uneven and uneven powder feeding of the powder preset in the laser broadband cladding side direction at present are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a powder feeding technology used for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to a multistage pressure relief device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing.
Background
The laser additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology and is widely applied to production processes such as 3D printing and remanufacturing. In the repair of large workpieces, such as the surface of large shaft parts, large-area plane laser cladding and other occasions, the broadband cladding is carried out by using rectangular laser spots, the cladding efficiency can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, the quality of a cladding layer is also improved due to the fact that the number of times of overlapping is reduced.
The powder feeding mode in the laser broadband cladding process can be divided into a preset mode and a synchronous mode, wherein the preset powder feeding mode adopts gravity powder feeding, powder is paved on the surface of a base material in advance, then laser irradiation is utilized to melt cladding layer materials and base materials, and metallurgical bonding is further achieved. At present, what more adopted in the preset powder feeding mode is that gravity side direction send powder to preset powder, and it adopts powder feeding barrel to carry out carrier gas through sending powder pipe and powder feeding mouth and send powder, can make the middle bulging of powder way, and the tiling effect is poor, and it is not good to melt and cover the effect, leads to the later stage machine tooling surplus of printing moreover big, and the cycle of processing is long, extravagant more moreover.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multistage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing, and aims to solve the problems of poor uniformity during laser cladding, poor smoothness after cladding and large machining allowance caused by uneven and uneven powder feeding of powder preset laterally by laser broadband cladding at present.
According to a first aspect of the object of the present invention, a multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing is proposed, comprising:
the pressure relief device is arranged between a broadband powder feeding nozzle of the broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing system and the surface of a base material to be processed; the broadband powder feeding nozzle is provided with a first powder feeding groove, powder is conveyed towards the surface of the base material through the first powder feeding groove, and the tail end of the first powder feeding groove is provided with a first powder outlet;
the pressure relief device is arranged below the first powder outlet of the wide-band powder feeding nozzle at a certain angle with the wide-band powder feeding nozzle and is used for pressure relief treatment of powder flowing out of the first powder outlet.
Preferably, the pressure relief device is located between the wide-belt powder delivery nozzle and the surface of the substrate in the direction of the powder delivery flow path.
Preferably, the pressure relief device comprises a first-stage pressure relief mechanism and a second-stage pressure relief mechanism which are arranged in a cascade manner, the first-stage pressure relief mechanism is used for relieving the pressure of the powder flowing out of the first powder outlet, and the second-stage pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the first-stage pressure relief mechanism and is used for carrying out secondary pressure relief on the powder subjected to pressure relief by the first-stage pressure relief mechanism.
Preferably, the primary pressure relief mechanism comprises a substrate and an adjusting block, wherein the substrate is provided with a second powder feeding groove, and the adjusting block is located at the starting position of the second powder feeding groove and is provided with an inclined surface facing a first powder feeding opening of the first powder feeding groove; and the secondary pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the second powder feeding groove.
Preferably, the two-stage pressure relief mechanism comprises a U-shaped adjusting block, two side edges of the U-shaped adjusting block are fixed to two sides of the second powder feeding groove, and a certain distance is left between the bottom edge of the U-shaped adjusting block and the second powder feeding groove, so that a second powder outlet is formed at the tail end of the second powder feeding groove.
Preferably, the second powder outlet is disposed toward the surface of the substrate so that the powder flowing out of the second powder outlet falls freely to the surface of the substrate.
Preferably, the width of the second powder outlet is the same as that of the second powder feeding groove.
Preferably, the base is of an L-shaped structure overall, and has a bottom and a pair of side edges forming the second powder feeding groove, and the starting position of the base is mounted to the wide-belt powder feeding nozzle through a pivot structure.
Preferably, the pair of side edges are respectively provided with a kidney-shaped hole, and the adjusting block is mounted in the kidney-shaped holes through a pivot structure.
Preferably, the adjustment block is arranged to enable height adjustment and/or angle adjustment within the kidney-shaped aperture.
Preferably, the adjusting block is set to adjust the height so that the gap between the inclined plane of the adjusting block and the first powder outlet is 0.5-5 mm.
Preferably, the adjusting block is arranged to adjust the angle between the inclined surface of the adjusting block and the first powder feeding groove through angle adjustment, and the adjusting range is 90-135 degrees.
Preferably, in the process that the adjusting block is adjusted in angle, the inclined plane of the adjusting block is always opposite to the first powder outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the multistage pressure relief device for the broadband cladding additive manufacturing has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
1) according to the cascade multistage pressure relief device, after passing through the primary adjusting mechanism, the flow rate of partial powder becomes slow, and the partial powder can directly and freely fall through the second powder outlet and is flatly laid on the base material; after passing through the first-stage pressure relief mechanism, the powder with high flow speed rushes through the first powder outlet, impacts the second-stage pressure relief mechanism to relieve the force, then freely falls at the second powder outlet, and is uniformly paved on the surface of the substrate; therefore, the cascaded multi-stage pressure relief mechanism ensures that the power for basically relieving the powder is basically relieved, the powder is evenly paved on the surface of the base material in an approximately free-falling mode, the powder paving is even, the upper surface of the powder channel is flat, the upper width and the lower width of the powder channel are very close to each other and are approximately rectangular, and broadband laser cladding (rectangular light spot processing) is facilitated;
2) because the powder is uniformly and smoothly laid, the rectangular light spot energy is uniformly applied to the approximately rectangular powder channel during cladding when the system is cladded, the powder in the molten pool is uniform, the cladded tissue and performance are uniform, the cladding overlapping amount is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; the difference of the height of the lap joint of the cladding layer is reduced, the surface smoothness is better, the powder use cost is reduced, the machining allowance is reduced, the production and processing efficiency is improved, and the cost is saved;
3) the powder feeding capacity of the primary pressure relief mechanism can be adjusted according to the powder feeding amount, the powder and the height difference between the powder feeding barrel and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle, for example, the gap between the primary pressure relief mechanism and the bottom of the powder feeding groove can be adjusted from top to bottom by 0.5 mm-5 mm according to the powder feeding amount, and the powder can be uniformly distributed; or the adjusting block of the primary pressure relief device can rotate, the pressure relief capacity can be controlled by changing the angle, and the flow speed of the powder passing through the primary pressure relief adjusting device is adjusted.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the presently disclosed subject matter.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a powder feed apparatus for broad band laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an adjustment block of a multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing and an adjustment process thereof according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a one-stage pressure relief mechanism of a multi-stage pressure relief apparatus for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing and an adjustment process thereof according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
Powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing
The powder feeding device for the broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing in combination with the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1 is intended for powder feeding processing in a laser broadband cladding process, in particular gravity side powder feeding.
The powder feeding device for the broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing combined with the examples shown in fig. 1-8 comprises a powder feeding barrel 10, a powder distributor 20 and a broadband powder feeding nozzle 30.
The powder feeding barrel 10 and the powder distributor 20 are connected via a first powder feeding pipe 11A.
The powder distributor 20 and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 are connected to each other via a second powder feeding pipe 11B.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the angle of the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 can be freely adjusted to be 0-90 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Therefore, the powder in the powder feeding barrel 10 is conveyed to the powder distributor 20 through the first powder feeding pipe 11A, divided into two paths, and then enters the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 through the second powder feeding pipe 11B. Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 is provided with 2 through holes 33, which are respectively butted against the second powder feeding tube 11B to receive the powder.
It should be understood that the first powder feeding tube 11A and the second powder feeding tube 11B may be of the same design, which is intended to provide a passage for powder delivery.
And a wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 for feeding the powder toward the surface of the substrate to be subjected to cladding processing. The wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30, particularly a powder feeding mechanism having a powder feeding groove with a certain width inside, is defined as a first powder feeding groove 35 in the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the wide nozzle 30 has a bottom portion 31 and a cover portion 32. The through hole 33 is formed in the cover portion 32. The first powder feeding groove 35 is formed on the surface of the bottom part 31 facing the cover part, and is covered on the bottom part 31 by the cover part 32, so as to form the closing and protection of the first powder feeding groove 35.
Referring to fig. 4, the inlet of the first powder feeding groove 35 communicates with the through hole 33. The first powder feeding groove 35 is provided with a powder outlet 36 so that the powder fed from the powder feeding barrel 10 is discharged through the powder outlet 36 of the first powder feeding groove 35 and conveyed to the surface of the base material 100.
As shown in fig. 1, the substrate 100 is a bearing.
In the drawing, a pressure relief device 40 is further disposed below the wide powder feeding nozzle 30, and the pressure relief device 40 is disposed at an angle to the wide powder feeding nozzle 30 and is installed at a position below the first powder outlet 36 of the wide powder feeding nozzle 30 for pressure relief treatment of the powder flowing out from the first powder outlet 36.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pressure relief device 40 is located between the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30 of the broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing system and the surface 100 of the substrate, which may be a bearing or a roller waiting for cladding processing to prepare a surface coating, in the powder conveying and flow channel directions, but is not limited thereto.
Multi-stage pressure relief device
The pressure relief device 40 is generally L-shaped with one end connected to the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30. In an alternative embodiment, pressure relief device 40 is rotatably mounted relative to wide nozzle 30, for example, pressure relief device 40 may be rotated relative to wide nozzle 30 to change the angular relationship therebetween.
In some embodiments, the angle between pressure relief device 40 and wide strip powder delivery nozzle 30 may be adjusted to control and adjust the pressure relief capability depending on the type of powder being delivered and/or the height difference between powder delivery nozzle 10 and wide strip powder delivery nozzle 30.
In an alternative embodiment, after the angle between the pressure relief device 40 and the wide powder feeding nozzle 30 is adjusted, the position of the angle between the two can be fixed by adjusting screws or the like.
The pressure relief device and the implementation of the pressure relief process are described in more detail below in conjunction with fig. 3-6.
As shown in fig. 3, the pressure relief device 40 includes a first-stage pressure relief mechanism and a second-stage pressure relief mechanism, which are arranged in a cascade, the first-stage pressure relief mechanism is used for relieving the pressure of the powder flowing out from the first powder outlet 36, and the second-stage pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the end of the first-stage pressure relief mechanism and is used for performing secondary pressure relief on the powder subjected to pressure relief by the first-stage pressure relief mechanism.
Therefore, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, after passing through the first-stage pressure relief mechanism, the flow rate of a part of powder becomes slow, and the powder can directly fall freely at the second powder outlet and is flatly laid on the base material; after passing through the first-stage pressure relief mechanism, the powder with high flow speed rushes through the first powder outlet, impacts the second-stage pressure relief mechanism to relieve force, then falls on the second powder outlet in an approximately free-falling manner, and is uniformly paved on the surface of the substrate; therefore, the cascaded multi-stage pressure relief mechanism ensures the basic powder relief power, and ensures that the powder is evenly paved on the surface of the substrate in an approximately free-falling mode, so that the powder is evenly paved, the upper surface of the powder channel is flat, the upper and lower width sizes are very close to each other and are approximately rectangular, and the broadband laser cladding is facilitated.
In connection with the example of the pressure relief device 40 of the embodiment shown in fig. 3-6, the one-stage pressure relief mechanism includes a base 41 and an adjustment block 43, the base 41 is formed with a second powder feeding groove 46, the adjustment block 43 is located at the starting position of the second powder feeding groove 46 and has an inclined surface facing the first powder feeding port 36 of the first powder feeding groove 35; the secondary pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end position of the second powder feeding groove 46.
Referring to the drawings, the base 41 has an overall L-shaped configuration with a bottom 41A forming the second powder feeding groove 46 and a pair of side edges 41B, and the starting position of the base 1 is mounted to the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 by a pivot structure. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a pair of side edges 41B are provided with mounting holes 42, and the base 41 of the primary pressure relief mechanism is pivoted below the bottom 31 of the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, alternatively, the bottom 31 of the wide powder feeding nozzle 30 is provided with a central axis, and forms a rotatable fit with the mounting hole 42 of the base 41, and can be fixed by fastening means such as screws after the angular relationship between the two is determined.
Referring to fig. 3 and 7, since the second-stage pressure relief mechanism is installed at the end of the first-stage pressure relief mechanism, the two are integrated into a whole, and when the angular relationship between the first-stage pressure relief mechanism and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30 is adjusted, the whole pressure relief device and the second-stage pressure relief mechanism are synchronously adjusted. In the embodiment of the invention, the central axis arranged at the bottom 31 of the broadband powder feeding nozzle is matched with the mounting hole 42 of the substrate 41 for angle adjustment, and the angle adjustment range can be selected from 110 degrees to 135 degrees.
In other embodiments, the pivot structure between the bottom 31 of the wide nozzle and the base 41 may be the reverse design, that is, the hole position is set on the bottom 31 of the wide nozzle, the central axis is set on the base 41, and the two are matched.
As shown in fig. 3-5, a pair of side edges 41B of the base 41 are respectively provided with a waist-shaped hole 45, the adjusting block 43 is mounted in the waist-shaped hole 45 through a pivot structure, for example, two sides of the adjusting block 43 are provided with middle shafts respectively and are respectively matched and mounted in the waist-shaped hole 45, and in combination with fig. 8, the height and/or angle adjustment of the adjusting block 43 can be realized within the range defined by the waist-shaped hole 45, and the adjusting block can be fixedly connected through screws after the adjustment is completed.
For example, the adjusting block 43 is configured to be capable of performing height adjustment and/or angle adjustment in the kidney-shaped hole 45, and the adjusting block 43 is configured to adjust the powder passing capacity by adjusting the height so that the gap between the inclined surface of the adjusting block 43 and the first powder outlet 36 is 0.5mm to 5 mm.
Wherein, the adjusting block 43 is arranged to adjust the relative angle between the inclined surface of the adjusting block 43 and the first powder feeding groove 35 through angle adjustment.
As shown in fig. 7, the first powder feeding groove 35 defines a plane (shown by a dotted line in fig. 7) along the powder feeding direction, and forms an angle with the inclined layer of the regulating block. In the process of adjusting the angle of the adjusting block 43, the inclined surface of the adjusting block 43 is always opposite to the first powder outlet 36, so as to ensure that the pressure of the powder flowing out from the first powder outlet 36 (with higher speed) is relieved through the inclined surface.
Referring to fig. 3-6, the two-stage pressure relief mechanism includes a U-shaped adjusting block 50, two sides of the U-shaped adjusting block 50 are fixed to two sides of the second powder feeding groove 46, and a bottom edge of the U-shaped adjusting block 50 is spaced from the second powder feeding groove 46, so that a second powder outlet 48 is formed at the end of the second powder feeding groove 46.
The second powder outlet 48 is disposed toward the substrate surface so that the powder flowing out of the second powder outlet 48 falls freely to the substrate surface. The width of the second powder outlet 48 is the same as that of the second powder conveying groove 46, and the width is 1 mm-4 mm.
As mentioned above, after passing through the first-stage pressure relief mechanism, the flow rate of part of the powder becomes slow, and the powder can directly fall freely at the powder outlet and is flatly laid on the substrate; after passing through the primary pressure relief mechanism, the powder with high flow speed rushes through the powder outlet, impacts the secondary pressure relief mechanism to relieve force, falls on the powder outlet in an approximately free-falling manner, and is uniformly paved on the surface of the substrate; therefore, the multi-stage pressure relief mechanism ensures the basic powder unloading power, and the powder is evenly paved on the surface of the base material in an approximately free-falling mode, so that the powder is evenly paved.
Control of powder delivery by multi-stage pressure relief device
According to the multistage pressure relief device of the embodiment and the illustrated example, in the powder feeding process of the broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing system, pressure relief treatment can be performed on the powder conveying process, so that the powder laying uniformity and flatness are improved, and the cladding quality and efficiency are improved.
As an example, the process of pressure relief treatment by a multi-stage pressure relief device includes:
adjust one-level release mechanism to adjust its powder feeding ability, include:
adjusting the height of the adjusting block 43 according to the powder feeding amount to adjust the gap between the bottom of the adjusting block 43 and the second powder feeding groove 46; and/or
And adjusting the included angle between the primary pressure relief mechanism and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30 according to the type of the height difference between the powder feeding barrel 10 and the broadband powder feeding nozzle 30.
Wherein, the adjusting range of the included angle between the first-stage pressure relief mechanism and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 is between 90 and 135 degrees.
As an optional embodiment, in the powder laying control process of the laser broadband cladding process, the gap distance h between the adjusting block 43 of the first-stage pressure relief mechanism and the bottom of the second powder feeding groove 46 is kept between 0.5mm and 5 mm; the adjustment of the clearance can be realized through the up-and-down adjustment of the adjusting block 43 of the primary pressure relief mechanism. For example, in the foregoing embodiment, the adjusting block is fitted into the kidney-shaped hole 45 through the central axes on both sides thereof by adjusting up and down in the kidney-shaped hole 45, and is fixedly connected by using the adjusting screw after being adjusted in place, so that the gap adjustment is realized and the powder feeding capability thereof is adjusted.
In an optional embodiment, the edge of the waist-shaped hole is provided with a scale mark along the waist line direction, for example, a plurality of scale marks within the range of 0-5 mm are used for representing the up-down height of the adjustment, so that the rapid adjustment according to the preset amount is facilitated.
In other embodiments, the height position of the adjusting block can be adjusted by other structural designs, so that the gap distance between the adjusting block 43 and the bottom of the second powder feeding groove 46 is adjusted, and the pressure relief capacity and the powder feeding capacity of the powder feeding groove can be adjusted and controlled.
For example, for powders having a median diameter of 50-200um, including but not limited to iron-based powders, titanium alloy powders, nickel-based powders, titanium-nickel powders, stainless steel powders, and alloy powders, when the powder feeding amount is 20g/min, the aforementioned gap distance h is usually controlled to be about 1mm, so that the center of the adjusting screw can be adjusted to 1mm scale and screwed and fixed. If the powder feeding amount is 60g/min, the gap distance h needs to be controlled and adjusted to be increased, for example, 2-3mm, the center of the adjusting screw is adjusted to the scale of 2-3mm and is screwed and fixed, and the like.
Because the distance between the adjusting block of the first-stage pressure relief device and the bottom of the second powder feeding groove can influence the powder feeding and powder passing, the distance is too small, the powder feeding amount is large, and the powder blockage can be caused although the pressure relief effect is realized; if the distance is too large and the powder feeding amount is small, the primary pressure relief device cannot play a substantial pressure relief role.
Therefore, on the basis of multiple tests, the gap distance is controlled to be 0.5-5 mm.
When the adjustment is needed, the gap distance h is adjusted according to the powder feeding amount. It should be understood that when the powder feeding amount is increased, the gap distance h mentioned above should be adjusted to be increased to improve the powder feeding and powder passing capability while releasing the pressure, thereby preventing clogging.
In an alternative embodiment, the adjusting block 43 of the primary pressure relief mechanism is configured to be rotatably adjustable, i.e., the angular relationship of the slope of the adjusting block 32 relative to the first powder feeding groove (35) is adjusted, so as to control and adjust the pressure relief capacity. In the embodiment of the invention, the angle theta of the inclined surface of the adjusting block 32 relative to the first powder feeding groove (35) is controlled between 90 DEG and 135 deg.
For example, the central axes of the two sides of the adjusting block 43 are respectively matched with a kidney-shaped hole 45 on the base 41 and fixed by a connecting screw. When the angle relation needs to be adjusted, the connecting screw is released, so that the rotating and rotating can be carried out, and after the rotating is carried out to a certain angle, the fixing is carried out through the connecting screw. It should be understood that the attachment screw used to secure the adjustment block may be implemented using the same screw design as the adjustment screw previously described.
In some embodiments, the edge of the kidney-shaped hole 45 may be further provided with an angle scale, for example, a plurality of angle scale marks in a range of 0 to 360 ° to represent the angle relationship of adjustment, thereby facilitating rapid angle adjustment according to a preset amount.
In some embodiments, the angle θ can be adjusted according to the height difference between the powder feeding barrel 10 and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30. The larger the difference in height between the powder feed barrel 10 and the wide-band powder feed nozzle 30 is, the larger the angle θ is required to be, using the same powder. For example, the height difference between the powder feeding barrel 10 and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 is within 1m, and the angle θ can be adjusted to 90 °. When the height difference between the powder feeding barrel 10 and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 reaches or exceeds 1m, the aforementioned angle θ needs to be adjusted to 100 °. When the height difference between the powder feeding barrel 10 and the wide-band powder feeding nozzle 30 reaches or exceeds 1.5m, the angle theta needs to be adjusted to 120 degrees, and so on.
In some embodiments, the aforementioned angle θ may also be adjusted depending on the powder used. It will be appreciated that for the same height difference, the better the sphericity of the powder used, the larger the angle θ. For example, for relatively good sphericity, 120 ° may be selected, and for relatively slightly worse sphericity, 90 ° may be selected for use.
According to the laser broadband cladding powder feeding control method provided by the invention, iron-based powder is added into a powder feeding barrel, a powder feeding device for broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing is powered on by a power supply, powder paving is preset on the surface of a bearing (base material) with the diameter of 200mm and the length of 500mm, the powder is uniformly and flatly paved, laser cladding is carried out by adopting a laser broadband cladding system with the light spot of 28mm plus 3mm, the surface of a cladding layer is uniformly and flatly paved, the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point is only 0.15mm, and an ideal coating structure can be obtained for use after the laser broadband cladding system is mechanically added by 0.15 mm.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing, comprising:
the pressure relief device (40) is arranged between a broadband powder feeding nozzle (30) of the broadband laser cladding additive manufacturing system and the surface of the base material to be processed; the wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30) is provided with a first powder feeding groove (35), powder is conveyed towards the surface of the base material through the first powder feeding groove (35), and the tail end of the first powder feeding groove (35) is provided with a first powder outlet (36);
the pressure relief device (40) is arranged below the first powder outlet (36) of the wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30) at a certain angle with the wide-band powder feeding nozzle (30) and is used for relieving pressure of the powder flowing out of the first powder outlet (36).
2. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein the pressure relief device (40) is located between a broadband powder delivery nozzle (30) and a substrate surface in a powder delivery flow path direction.
3. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the pressure relief device (40) comprises a first-stage pressure relief mechanism and a second-stage pressure relief mechanism which are arranged in a cascade manner, the first-stage pressure relief mechanism is used for relieving pressure of powder flowing out of the first powder outlet (36), and the second-stage pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the first-stage pressure relief mechanism and is used for performing secondary pressure relief on the powder subjected to pressure relief by the first-stage pressure relief mechanism.
4. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the one-stage pressure relief mechanism comprises a base (41) and an adjusting block (43), the base (41) is formed with a second powder feeding groove (46), and the adjusting block (43) is located at a starting position of the second powder feeding groove (46) and has a slope facing the first powder feeding port (36); the secondary pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the second powder feeding groove (46).
5. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein the two-stage pressure relief mechanism comprises a U-shaped adjusting block (50), two side edges of the U-shaped adjusting block (50) are fixed with two sides of the second powder feeding groove (46), and the bottom edge of the U-shaped adjusting block (50) is spaced from the second powder feeding groove (46) at a certain distance, so that a second powder outlet (48) is formed at the tail end of the second powder feeding groove (46).
6. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of claim 5, wherein the second powder outlet (48) is arranged towards the substrate surface such that powder flowing out of the second powder outlet (48) is free to fall to the substrate surface.
7. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of claim 6, wherein a width of the second powder outlet (48) is the same as a width of the second powder feed groove (46).
8. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of any one of claims 4-7, wherein the base (41) is integrally L-shaped in structure, having a bottom (41A) forming the second powder feeding groove (46) and a pair of side edges (41B), and a starting position of the base (1) is mounted to the broadband powder feeding nozzle (30) through a pivot structure.
9. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of claim 8, wherein the pair of side edges are respectively provided with a kidney-shaped hole (45), and the adjusting block (43) is mounted in the kidney-shaped hole (45) through a pivot structure.
10. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of claim 9, wherein the adjustment block (43) is arranged to enable height adjustment and/or angle adjustment within a range defined by the kidney-shaped hole (45).
11. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing according to claim 9, wherein the adjusting block (43) is arranged to be adjusted in height such that a gap distance between a slope of the adjusting block (43) and the first powder outlet (36) is 0.5 mm-5 mm.
12. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of claim 11, wherein the adjustment block (43) is arranged to be angularly adjusted to adjust a relative angle of a slope of the adjustment block (43) and the first powder feed groove (35).
13. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of claim 12, wherein the adjustable relative angle range of the inclined surface of the adjusting block (43) and the first powder feeding groove (35) is 90-135 °.
14. The multi-stage pressure relief device for broadband cladding additive manufacturing of claim 10, wherein the edges of the kidney shaped hole (45) are provided with scale markings.
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