CN113862500A - Refining agent for casting aluminum bar for aluminum profile and smelting process - Google Patents

Refining agent for casting aluminum bar for aluminum profile and smelting process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113862500A
CN113862500A CN202111120983.9A CN202111120983A CN113862500A CN 113862500 A CN113862500 A CN 113862500A CN 202111120983 A CN202111120983 A CN 202111120983A CN 113862500 A CN113862500 A CN 113862500A
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aluminum
melt
refining agent
refining
smelting process
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CN202111120983.9A
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Inventor
叶天佑
叶光华
叶天乐
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Hubei Huali Technology Co ltd
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Hubei Huali Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium

Abstract

The invention discloses a refining agent and a smelting process of a casting aluminum bar for an aluminum profile, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: NaCl 30-65%, Na2SiF615‑30%、B4C10-25% and NaSO45 to 20 percent; the refining agent provided by the invention has simple components, strong grain refining effect, good impurity removal effect and strong degassing capability when being applied to an aluminum alloy smelting process, and the obtained aluminum bar has excellent performance and is suitable for industrial popularization.

Description

Refining agent for casting aluminum bar for aluminum profile and smelting process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum bar smelting, in particular to a fusion casting aluminum bar refining agent for aluminum profiles and a smelting process.
Background
The industrial aluminum profile is an alloy material taking aluminum as a main component, aluminum rods are hot-melted and extruded to obtain aluminum materials with different cross-sectional shapes, but the proportion of the added alloy is different, and the mechanical properties and the application fields of the produced industrial aluminum profile are also different. In general, industrial aluminum profiles refer to all aluminum profiles except for aluminum profiles for building doors and windows, curtain walls, indoor and outdoor decoration, and building structures.
The aluminum alloy inevitably absorbs and carries gas and generates inclusions in the smelting process, so that a series of defects of air holes, shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, cracks, leakage and the like of a casting are caused, the purity of the aluminum alloy is reduced, and the quality is influenced. Therefore, the aluminum alloy melting process must be refined and purified to remove these gases and inclusions and improve the quality of the aluminum alloy, and the addition of a refining agent to the aluminum alloy for refining and purification is a common measure.
Although the existing refining agent in the prior art can remove some impurities and reduce the hydrogen content, the refining agent has large using amount, various components and high cost for the aluminum alloy smelting process with more impurities, particularly the removing effect of the impurities containing fine impurities, non-metallic oxides and the like can not meet the requirement; in addition, the refining agent also contains harmful elements such as benzene, fluorine and the like, which causes environmental problems of waste treatment such as aluminum ash, slag inclusion and the like after production.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a refining agent for casting aluminum bars and a smelting process for aluminum profiles, which are used for reducing impurities in the aluminum bars to be smelted and improving the comprehensive performance of the aluminum bars.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the first object of the invention is to provide a refining agent for a fusion cast aluminum bar; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a smelting process of the fusion casting aluminum bar for the aluminum profile. The above object is to solve at least one of the problems occurring in the above prior art.
In view of this, the scheme of the invention is as follows:
a refining agent for a casting aluminum bar for an aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: NaCl 30-65%, Na2SiF615-30%、B4C10-25% and NaSO4 5-20%。
Preferably, the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: NaCl 50%, Na2SiF6 25%、B4C15% and NaSO4 10%。
A smelting process of a fusion cast aluminum bar for an aluminum profile comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating and weighing the required parts by weight of waste aluminum alloy according to the component requirements of the aluminum bar of the aluminum profile, crushing, cleaning and drying;
s2, putting the aluminum alloy into a smelting furnace, heating until the aluminum alloy is completely molten, spraying a slag-striking agent into the smelting furnace to separate out melt liquid in slag, and taking the slag out of the smelting furnace;
s3, putting the melt into a smelting furnace again, adding the refining agent of the components, introducing nitrogen for refining treatment, continuously stirring after refining, and carrying out slagging-off treatment;
s4, cooling the smelting furnace, standing and forming the melt, and then sawing the melt into aluminum bars after vertical shaft casting.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the step S2, after the aluminum alloy is completely melted, the components are analyzed, the required intermediate alloy is added in proportion, and the mixture is fully stirred until the mixture is completely melted.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the refining temperature is 700-760 ℃ and the time is 20-30 min.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the refining agent is prepared by weighing the components in parts by weight, uniformly mixing, heating, melting, removing crystal water, cooling and refining.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the refining agent is added in an amount of 0.1-0.2% by mass of the melt.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the content of H in the melt refined in the step S3 is 0.1-0.12ml/100g Al.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1. the refining agent provided by the invention has good impurity removal effect and strong degassing capability, and can reduce the hydrogen content of the product to 0.1-0.12ml/100g Al by combining with a smelting process.
2. The microstructure compactness of the aluminum bar obtained by the invention is relatively uniform, and the aluminum bar is free from looseness and slag inclusion; in addition, the composite boron-aluminum alloy produced in the smelting can further improve the strength and plasticity of the aluminum.
3. The refining agent provided by the invention has the advantages of few components, low consumption and no harmful components, and the industrial application of the smelting agent in the preparation of aluminum profiles by recycling and smelting waste aluminum alloys is promoted.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a refining agent for a fusion cast aluminum bar, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
a refining agent for a casting aluminum bar for an aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: NaCl 30-65%, Na2SiF615-30%、B4C10-25% and NaSO45 to 20 percent. Preferably, the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: NaCl 50%, Na2SiF6 25%、B4C15% and NaSO4 10%。
In the invention, the action principle of each component of the refining agent is as follows:
effect of NaCl: for solid Al2O3The impurities and the oxide film have strong infiltration capacity, and the specific gravity of NaCl at the smelting temperature is obviously smaller than that of the aluminum melt, so the NaCl can be well spread on the surface of the aluminum melt to break and adsorb the oxide film on the surface of the melt.
Na3AlF6The function of (1): mainly has refining effects, such as Al adsorption and dissolution2O3. When the temperature is higher, the cryolite has higher capacity of dissolving alumina and is easier to separate from the aluminum liquid; but also can effectively remove the oxide film on the surface of the melt, improve the degassing effect, increase the surface tension of the mixed molten salt, spheroidize the molten salt adsorbed with the oxide, facilitate the separation from the melt, reduce the loss caused by aluminum wrapped by solid slag, and accelerate the process of adsorbing and mixing by the flux due to the improvement of the surface tension of the flux-melt.
B4C has the effect that part of the carbon dioxide and boron trioxide are generated by oxidation in the smelting process, and the released carbon dioxide has a remarkable effect on hydrogen discharge; on the other hand, B4The C and the alloy form the composite boron-aluminum alloy, can generate a large amount of high-melting-point particles, can be used as external crystal nuclei to refine the grain structure during solidification, and plays a role in improving the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy finished product.
NaSO4Can effectively improve the capability of the aluminum alloy melt for adsorbing oxides, the degassing effect and the capability of removing impurities.
The invention provides a smelting process of a fusion cast aluminum bar for an aluminum profile, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating and weighing the required parts by weight of waste aluminum alloy according to the component requirements of the aluminum bar of the aluminum profile, crushing, cleaning and drying;
s2, putting the aluminum alloy into a smelting furnace, heating to completely melt, analyzing components, adding the required intermediate alloy according to a proportion, and fully stirring until the intermediate alloy is completely melted; spreading a slag-removing agent into the smelting furnace to separate out melt liquid in slag, and removing the melt liquid out of the smelting furnace;
s3, putting the melt into a smelting furnace again, adding the refining agent for removing the crystal water through heating and melting, introducing nitrogen for refining treatment, maintaining at the temperature of 700-760 ℃ for 20-30min, continuously stirring after refining and carrying out slag removal treatment;
s4, cooling the smelting furnace, standing and forming the melt, and then sawing the melt into aluminum bars after vertical shaft casting.
In the invention, the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the melt, and the H content in the melt after refining is 0.1-0.12ml/100g of Al.
Example 1
Weighing 30 percent of NaCl and Na according to mass percentage2SiF6 30%、B4C 20%、NaSO420 percent, uniformly mixing the materials, melting the materials by overheating to remove crystal water, cooling, and screening to obtain the refining agent.
Example 2
Weighing 50% of NaCl and 50% of Na according to mass percentage2SiF6 15%、B4C 25%、NaSO410 percent, uniformly mixing the materials, melting the materials by overheating to remove crystal water, cooling, and screening to obtain the refining agent.
Example 3
Weighing 50% of NaCl and 50% of Na according to mass percentage2SiF6 25%、B4C 10%、NaSO415 percent of the above materialsMixing, melting by overheating, removing crystal water, cooling, and sieving to obtain refining agent.
Example 4
Weighing 50% of NaCl and 50% of Na according to mass percentage2SiF6 25%、B4C 15%、NaSO410 percent, uniformly mixing the materials, melting the materials by overheating to remove crystal water, cooling, and screening to obtain the refining agent.
Example 5
Weighing 65% of NaCl and Na according to mass percentage2SiF6 15%、B4C 10%、NaSO410 percent, uniformly mixing the materials, melting the materials by overheating to remove crystal water, cooling, and screening to obtain the refining agent.
Example 6
Weighing 40% of NaCl and Na according to the mass percentage2SiF6 20%、B4C 20%、NaSO420 percent, uniformly mixing the materials, melting the materials by overheating to remove crystal water, cooling, and screening to obtain the refining agent.
Comparative example 1
Weighing 55% of NaCl and Na according to the mass percentage2SiF6 30%、B4C 5%、NaSO410 percent, uniformly mixing the materials, melting the materials by overheating to remove crystal water, cooling, and screening to obtain the refining agent.
Comparative example 2
Weighing 40% of NaCl and Na according to the mass percentage2SiF6 20%、B4C 30%、NaSO410 percent, uniformly mixing the materials, melting the materials by overheating to remove crystal water, cooling, and screening to obtain the refining agent.
Examples of the experiments
The refining agents of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2 were added in an amount of 0.1-0.2% of the melt mass, and the melt was maintained at 760 ℃ of 700 and 760 ℃ for 20-30min for melting, and properties and parameters of the aluminum bar were analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1 using the product obtained by adding a commercially available refining agent as a control.
Table 1: comparison table of test results of each example and comparative example
Figure BDA0003277045820000061
As can be readily seen from Table 1, when the refining agents of examples 1-6 are used for smelting, the product performance is more excellent than that of the refining agent sold in the market, the hydrogen content is obviously reduced, the surface is smooth, and the refining agent has no pores, looseness and slag inclusion; in addition, the hardness, the strength and the elongation are also better improved; the product obtained in example 4 has better performances than other examples, and therefore, can be used as a preferable refining agent formula. The reason for this is that by adding B4C, partially oxidizing in the smelting process to generate carbon dioxide and boron trioxide, wherein the released carbon dioxide has an obvious effect on hydrogen discharge; on the other hand, B4The C and the alloy form the composite boron-aluminum alloy, can generate a large amount of high-melting-point particles, can be used as external crystal nuclei to refine the grain structure during solidification, and plays a role in improving the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy finished product.
While comparative example 1 due to the use of B4The C content is lower and the synergistic effect is reduced, while in comparative example 2, a higher B content is used4The effect of C is not enhanced significantly, but is slightly reduced, so that the dosage of C needs to be balanced with other components.
The invention is not limited solely to that described in the specification and embodiments, and additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus, and examples shown and described herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A refining agent for a fusion cast aluminum bar for an aluminum profile is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: NaCl 30-65%, Na2SiF6 15-30%、B4C10-25% and NaSO4 5-20%。
2. The refining agent according to claim 1, which is composed of the following components in mass ratio: NaCl 50%, Na2SiF6 25%、B4C15% and NaSO4 10%。
3. A smelting process of a fusion cast aluminum bar for an aluminum profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating and weighing the required parts by weight of waste aluminum alloy according to the component requirements of the aluminum bar of the aluminum profile, crushing, cleaning and drying;
s2, putting the aluminum alloy into a smelting furnace, heating until the aluminum alloy is completely molten, spraying a slag-striking agent into the smelting furnace to separate out melt liquid in slag, and taking the slag out of the smelting furnace;
s3, putting the melt into a smelting furnace again, adding the refining agent of claim 1 or 2, introducing nitrogen for refining treatment, continuously stirring after refining, and carrying out slagging-off treatment;
s4, cooling the smelting furnace, standing and forming the melt, and then sawing the melt into aluminum bars after vertical shaft casting.
4. The smelting process as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, after the aluminum alloy is completely melted, the components are analyzed, the required intermediate alloy is added in proportion, and the mixture is fully stirred until the mixture is completely melted.
5. Smelting process according to claim 3, wherein the refining temperature is 700-760 ℃ for 20-30 min.
6. The smelting process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the refining agent is prepared by weighing the components in parts by weight, mixing the components uniformly, heating the mixture to melt the mixture to remove crystal water, cooling the mixture, and refining the cooled mixture.
7. Smelting process according to claim 3, wherein the refining agent is added in an amount of 0.1-0.2% by mass of the melt.
8. The smelting process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the melt refined in step S3 contains H in an amount of 0.1-0.12ml/100g Al.
CN202111120983.9A 2021-09-24 2021-09-24 Refining agent for casting aluminum bar for aluminum profile and smelting process Pending CN113862500A (en)

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GB798104A (en) * 1956-01-02 1958-07-16 Foundry Services Ltd Improvements in or relating to drossing fluxes
JP2004143483A (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-20 Pechiney Japon Kk Method for treating aluminum melt
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CN103757448A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-30 焦作市圣昊铝业有限公司 Aluminum alloy covering agent
CN107523707A (en) * 2017-09-14 2017-12-29 福建奋安铝业有限公司 The founding aluminium bar smelting technology of aluminium section bar
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB798104A (en) * 1956-01-02 1958-07-16 Foundry Services Ltd Improvements in or relating to drossing fluxes
JP2004143483A (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-20 Pechiney Japon Kk Method for treating aluminum melt
CN101967565A (en) * 2010-10-28 2011-02-09 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 Refining agent for aluminum and aluminum alloy
CN102041396A (en) * 2010-10-28 2011-05-04 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 Preparation method of scouring agent for aluminum and aluminum alloy
CN103757448A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-30 焦作市圣昊铝业有限公司 Aluminum alloy covering agent
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CN111733342A (en) * 2020-07-08 2020-10-02 西安工业大学 Smelting process of fusion cast aluminum bar for aluminum profile

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