CN113860702B - Multi-field coupling automatic sewage sludge dehydration method - Google Patents
Multi-field coupling automatic sewage sludge dehydration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113860702B CN113860702B CN202110516879.5A CN202110516879A CN113860702B CN 113860702 B CN113860702 B CN 113860702B CN 202110516879 A CN202110516879 A CN 202110516879A CN 113860702 B CN113860702 B CN 113860702B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/15—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by treatment with electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields; by treatment with ultrasonic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
- C02F11/145—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances using calcium compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-field coupling automatic sewage sludge dewatering method, which comprises the following steps: adding a conditioner and primarily dehydrating the sewage sludge before multi-field coupling dehydration, storing the conditioned sludge in a sludge storage chamber, starting an oil cylinder after opening an electromagnetic valve to press the sludge into a sludge treatment chamber, moving an anode plate to a cathode plate, and maintaining the pressure between the anode plate and the cathode plate; the anode plate and the cathode plate are powered by a direct current power supply, the microwave magnetron is powered by a microwave driving power supply, the ultrasonic controller is powered by an ultrasonic driving power supply, and after sludge is dried, multi-field coupling dehydration is stopped; and the pressure between the anode plate and the cathode plate is increased, high-pressure mechanical filter pressing dehydration is carried out to reduce the water content, and the pressure between the anode plate and the cathode plate is kept after the water content is uniformly distributed; starting a direct-current power supply, a microwave system and an ultrasonic system, and repeatedly carrying out multi-field coupling sludge dewatering; after dehydration, the sludge is automatically treated under the action of an ultrasonic field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage sludge treatment, in particular to a sewage sludge dewatering method for realizing lower water content through the synergistic coupling effect of multi-field coupling (ultrasonic field, microwave field, electric field and mechanical stress field).
Background
Along with the continuous expansion of the construction scale of urban sewage treatment facilities in China, the sludge amount generated in the sewage treatment process is increased sharply. By the end of 2019, the annual output of sludge (the water content is 80%) in China is over 4000 ten thousand tons, and 6000 to 8000 ten thousand tons are expected to be reached in 2020. Obviously, the high water content of the sludge is a bottleneck which restricts the treatment of the sludge, the sludge with high water content is huge in volume, and a large amount of organic matters, heavy metals and harmful microorganisms contained in the sludge are easy to be decomposed or released into the environment, so that secondary pollution is caused, and adverse effects are caused on subsequent landfill, incineration, recycling and the like of the sludge. Therefore, the deep dehydration and reduction of the sludge is a primary aim of sludge treatment, and is a foundation for realizing 'four' of the sludge, and the drier the sludge is, the more beneficial the subsequent treatment is.
Sludge contains a large amount of flocs composed of microorganisms (mainly bacteria) embedded in biopolymers. Its special structure constitutes a highly porous fractal network structure containing colloids, the particles behave more like a gel-like material than a conventional particle suspension, which structure makes it difficult to dewater. Meanwhile, vesilind, vesilind and Hsu [ Smith and Vesilnd ] respectively define the existence form of the moisture in the sludge, and the Vesilnd divides the moisture in the sludge into four types: interstitial water is also called free water (interstitial water), capillary bound water (surface or vicinal water) and internal water (bound or hydration water), while single mechanical stress field dehydration can only effectively remove free water in sludge, but capillary and adsorbed water are difficult to remove from the pores of the sludge, so that the dehydration rate of sludge treatment is greatly limited.
The existing sludge deep dehydration technology (vacuum dehydration and continuous belt filtration dehydration) is suitable for dehydration of various mixed sludge, but the dehydration rate is not high, and finally, the dehydrated sludge cake with the solid content of 19% can be obtained. This is also a limitation of the single field dewatering approach, and the adsorbed water in the pores cannot be removed.
The thought of the invention is based on the action of the force field on sludge dewatering, and the ultrasonic field, the electric field and the microwave field are added on the basis of the force field, so that the dewatering rate is increased by a multi-field coupling method. Meanwhile, on the structure of the device, a feeding system (oil cylinder and electromagnetic valve) is arranged to realize the purpose of automatic feeding, and a discharging system (double-hinged fork type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform and screw rod mud removing propeller) is arranged to realize the purpose of automatic discharging, so that the automation level and efficiency of the device are improved.
Firstly, after an electric field is added, the sludge particles are negatively charged, and the water molecules are positively charged, under the action of the electric field force, the negatively charged sludge particles move towards the anode plate, and the positively charged water molecules move towards the cathode plate. Under the action of electrochemical reaction, the electrolyzed water moves strongly in a directional way, and the cell membrane is broken due to the increase of the temperature and the pressure in the cell, so that the intracellular water flows out. Thus, the solid particles are not likely to clog the filter medium, thereby increasing the dehydration rate.
Then through the additional microwave field, under the action of the magnetic field, when the polar molecular dielectric medium and the polar molecular dielectric medium are placed in the microwave electromagnetic field, dipoles or existing dipoles are formed in the dielectric material to be rearranged, and along with the high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field to swing at a speed of up to hundreds of millions of times per second, the molecules are rearranged along with the direction of the continuously changing high-frequency electric field, the interference and obstruction of the original thermal motion of the molecules and the interaction of the molecules must be overcome, and the friction-like action is generated.
Meanwhile, a large amount of sludge is embedded in the pores of the filter cloth, the blocked water outlet holes greatly reduce the water outlet efficiency, but the ultrasonic wave field is used for cleaning a large amount of sludge on the filter cloth through ultra-high evaluation rate oscillation, so that the efficiency is further increased, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave field is also beneficial to cleaning the filter cloth during discharging.
However, the multi-field coupling dehydration technology currently mainly has the following problems: (1) In the electroosmosis process, the water content of the sludge near the anode is rapidly reduced, and cracks appear in the sludge cake and the generation of electrochemical reaction gas, so that the contact area between the sludge cake and the electrode plate is reduced, the sludge resistance is increased, the current is reduced, and the dehydration effect is deteriorated; (2) In the dehydration process, the electric field and the microwave field convert electric energy into heat energy, so that the temperature of the sludge is increased, and the problem of large energy consumption exists in practice; (3) The sludge moisture content of the anode layer is low due to uneven distribution of the sludge moisture content of the mud cake in the thickness direction, and the water molecules are accumulated in the cathode layer so as to cause high sludge moisture content near the cathode plate; (4) In the dehydration process, multiple fields are added in the sludge chamber at the same time, so that experimental danger is easy to occur.
Therefore, the invention increases a detection system for real-time monitoring while multi-field coupling dehydration, and monitors the thrust output by the hydraulic oil cylinder in real time through the integration of a sensor and a computer, the final pressure generated by the oil cylinder pushing the anode plate, the pressure, the layered temperature of the sludge and the thickness of the mud cake.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an automatic dehydration method for sewage and sludge by multi-field coupling (ultrasonic field, microwave field, electric field and mechanical stress field) with good dehydration effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the method for automatically dehydrating the sewage sludge by multi-field coupling comprises the following steps:
adding a conditioner into sewage sludge and primarily dehydrating the sewage sludge before multi-field coupling dehydration, storing the conditioned sludge in a sludge storage chamber, starting an electromagnetic valve, starting an oil cylinder to automatically press the sludge into a sludge treatment chamber, moving an anode plate to a cathode plate under the driving of a full-automatic hydraulic system, and maintaining the pressure between the anode plate and the cathode plate when a certain pressure is reached; the method comprises the steps of adopting a direct current power supply to supply power to the anode plate and the cathode plate, adopting a microwave driving power supply to supply power to a microwave magnetron, adopting an ultrasonic driving power supply to supply power to an ultrasonic controller, calculating multi-field coupling required output power through a computer according to sludge temperature, sludge thickness and mechanical pressure values detected by a detection system, and realizing energy-saving coupling dehydration of a constant voltage gradient, a constant power density microwave field and an ultrasonic field by accurate control parameters; along with the progress of coupling dehydration, the water content of the sludge of the anode plate is low compared with that of the cathode plate, and the sludge is dried, so that multi-field coupling dehydration is stopped at the moment; the pressure between the anode plate and the cathode plate is increased, high-pressure mechanical filter pressing dehydration is carried out, so that the water content is further reduced, a certain mechanical pressure is achieved, and the pressure between the anode plate and the cathode plate is kept after the water content is uniformly distributed; starting a direct-current power supply, a microwave system and an ultrasonic system, and repeatedly carrying out multi-field coupling sludge dewatering again; after dehydration is completed, the hydraulic lifting platform of the double-hinged fork-type oil cylinder is controlled to start, the cathode plate slowly withdraws from the sludge treatment cavity under the cooperation of the high-pressure welding cylinder, at the moment, the screw rod sludge removal propeller is controlled, and the sludge is automatically treated under the action of an ultrasonic field to complete a cycle.
Optionally, the sewage sludge is added with a conditioner and primarily dehydrated before multi-field coupling dehydration, and the added conditioner is Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 、FeCl 3 The total addition amount of the conditioning agent is 10-20% of the dry matter mass of the sludge, and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 、FeCl 3 The mass percentages of the four conditioning agents of CaO and fly ash are 5-10%,10-15%, 20-30% and 30-45%, the four conditioning agents respectively have the comprehensive effects of increasing the sludge potential, increasing the sludge floc structure, enhancing the microwave heating effect, generating a drainage channel and the like, so as to enhance the mechanical pressure, electroosmosis, microwave and ultrasonic multi-field coupling effect, and the sludge is primarily dehydrated to 75-80% of water content after the conditioning agents are added.
Optionally, the microwave system comprises a microwave magnetron, a microwave heat dissipation fan, a microwave driving power supply, an electromagnetic waveguide and a teflon conduction screw, wherein microwaves are generated by the microwave magnetron, the microwave heat dissipation fan keeps running so as to reduce the temperature of the microwave magnetron, and the intensity of a microwave field is controlled by adjusting the microwave driving power supply in the process of coupling dehydration; the generated microwaves are conducted through a cylindrical electromagnetic waveguide, the electromagnetic waveguide is arranged below the cathode plate, and a Teflon conducting screw is arranged in the middle of the cathode plate.
Optionally, the ultrasonic system includes ultrasonic vibrator, ultrasonic controller, ultrasonic drive power supply at the in-process of coupling dehydration, and ultrasonic drive power supply is right ultrasonic vibrator power supply, through adjusting ultrasonic controller and come the intensity of control ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic vibrator is attached to the negative plate, and the ultrasonic wave of its production propagates in the metal.
Optionally, the power of the microwave system and the ultrasonic system can be adjusted, the output voltage of the direct current power supply can be adjusted according to the thickness of sludge, and the combination of working parameters of multi-field coupling can be dynamically adjusted according to different sludge feeding amounts, sludge types and different dehydration stages, so that the coupling dehydration of the three fields of constant voltage gradient, constant power density microwave field and ultrasonic field can be realized.
Optionally, the full-automatic hydraulic system includes PLC controlling means, hydraulic cylinder, low pressure direct-acting overflow valve and high pressure direct-acting overflow valve, hydraulic cylinder's piston end be connected with the anode plate, low pressure direct-acting overflow valve, high pressure direct-acting overflow valve with hydraulic cylinder be linked together.
Optionally, the automatic dewatering device of many field coupling sewage sludge still includes detecting system, detecting system includes pressure sensor, temperature sensor and displacement sensor, and the sludge treatment cavity outside is provided with a plurality of spill annular grooves, and its inside is provided with many circles wound temperature sensor, and the hydraulic cylinder downside is provided with pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor upside is provided with the displacement sensor of acting as go-between.
Optionally, the feeding system comprises an oil cylinder, a sludge storage chamber and an electromagnetic valve, wherein before dehydration starts, the electromagnetic valve is started, and then the oil cylinder is started, so that sludge is automatically pressed into the sludge treatment chamber.
Optionally, the unloading system comprises a double-hinged fork-type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform and a screw rod mud removing propeller, after coupling dehydration is finished, the double-hinged fork-type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform is controlled by a computer to start, under the cooperation of the hydraulic oil cylinder, the cathode plate exits from the mud treatment cavity, at the moment, the screw rod mud removing propeller is controlled, and mud is cleaned under the cooperation of an ultrasonic wave field.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: (1) Because of the electrification, colloid and high-compressibility porous medium of municipal sludge, the dehydration process is very difficult, the water content is high, and the high-dryness dehydration is realized by simultaneously carrying out treatment in situ on a plurality of fields such as a mechanical pressure stress field, an electric field, a sound field and the like; (2) Under the assistance of mechanical filter pressing dehydration, accurate control of microwave field, ultrasonic field and electroosmosis multi-field coupling based on parameter feedback detected by a sensor is realized, under the simultaneous actions of microwaves, ultrasonic waves and electroosmosis, water molecules move from an anode plate to a cathode plate, as dehydration is carried out, sludge drying on an anode layer causes resistance increase and current decrease, so that the driving force of electroosmosis dehydration is reduced, and the resistance becomes large; under the action of the microwave field, water molecules swing along with the high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field at a speed of up to hundreds of millions of times per second, continuously change and rearrange, part of water can flow back to the anode layer, the resistance of the sludge is reduced, the current is increased, the water content in the thickness direction of the sludge is uniformly distributed, and the electroosmosis voltage needs to be changed in the next stage of dehydration; meanwhile, the internal water of the sludge has great microwave absorption capacity, so that microwave energy loss is caused, the internal heating of the sludge is excessive, expansion curing occurs, an ultrasonic field can be beneficial to cavitation, a large amount of internal floc structures of the sludge are crushed, the flow rate of the internal water is increased, and the ultrasonic waves can also generate a thermal effect in the sludge, and the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic waves can propagate in metal due to the fact that the sonic vibrator is directly attached to a cathode plate, so that the non-uniformity of microwave heating can be compensated, the purpose of improving the dehydration effect is achieved, and the water content of the sludge is uniform; (3) In the sludge dewatering process, experiments show that the microwave and ultrasonic energy absorbed by the sludge in unit area is limited, and the effect of an applied electric field on a constant voltage gradient is best. Therefore, the output power of microwaves, ultrasonic waves and direct current is controlled through calculated control parameters after the parameters of sludge thickness, sludge temperature and mechanical pressure are acquired in real time through the sensor and processed by a computer, and the aim of constant power density and constant voltage gradient dehydration is fulfilled under the most energy-saving condition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-field coupled sewage dewatering device;
the figure shows: 1. a sludge treatment chamber, 2, a full-automatic hydraulic system, 2.1, a hydraulic cylinder, 2.2, a one-way throttle valve I, 2.3, a one-way throttle valve II, 2.4, an electromagnetic directional valve I, 2.5, a low-pressure direct-acting overflow valve, 2.6, a high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve, 2.7, an electromagnetic directional valve II, 2.8, a pilot-operated overflow valve, 2.9, a hydraulic pump, 2.10, a PLC control device, 3, an anode plate, 4, a cathode plate, 5, a direct-current power supply, 6, a water outlet hole, 6.1, filter cloth, 6.2, a fixing frame, 6.3, a sealing ring, 7, a microwave system, 7.1 and a microwave magnetron, 7.2, a microwave heat dissipation fan, 7.3, a microwave driving power supply, 7.4, an electromagnetic waveguide, 7.5, a Teflon conduction screw, 8, a detection system, 8.1, a pressure sensor, 8.2, a temperature sensor, 8.3, a displacement sensor, 8.4, a computer, 9, a feeding system, 9.1, an oil cylinder, 9.2, a mud storage chamber, 9.3, an electromagnetic valve, 10, a discharging system, 10.2, a double-hinge fork type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform, 10.1, a lead screw mud removing propeller, 11, an ultrasonic system, 11.1, an ultrasonic vibrator, 11.2, an ultrasonic controller, 11.3 and an ultrasonic driving power supply.
Description of the embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
The invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. In the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention, and the invention will be fully understood to those skilled in the art without such details. Furthermore, the drawings of the present invention are not necessarily to scale, nor are they necessarily drawn to scale.
The solution of the invention is as follows: the conditioned sludge is stored in a sludge storage chamber 9.2, after an electromagnetic valve 9.3 is opened, an oil cylinder 9.1 is started to automatically press the sludge into a sludge treatment chamber 1, the anode plate 3 moves towards the cathode plate 4 under the drive of a full-automatic hydraulic system, and the pressure between the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4 is kept when a certain pressure is reached; the direct current power supply 5 is adopted to supply power to the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4, the microwave driving power supply 7.3 is adopted to supply power to the microwave magnetron 7.1, the ultrasonic driving power supply 11.3 is adopted to supply power to the ultrasonic controller 11.2, the multi-field coupling required output power is calculated through the computer 8.4 according to the sludge temperature, the sludge thickness and the mechanical pressure value detected by the detection system 8, and the energy-saving coupling dehydration of the constant voltage gradient, the constant power density microwave field and the ultrasonic field is realized by accurate control parameters; along with the progress of coupling dehydration, the sludge of the anode plate 3 has lower water content than that of the cathode plate 4, and the sludge is dried, so that multi-field coupling dehydration is stopped at the moment; the pressure between the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4 is increased, high-pressure mechanical filter pressing dehydration is carried out, so that the water content is further reduced, a certain mechanical pressure is achieved, and the pressure between the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4 is kept after the water content is uniformly distributed; the direct current power supply 5, the microwave system 7 and the ultrasonic system 11 are started, and the multi-field coupling sludge dewatering is repeatedly performed again. After dehydration is completed, the computer 8.4 controls the hydraulic lifting platform of the double-hinged fork-type oil cylinder to start, the cathode plate 4 slowly withdraws from the sludge treatment chamber 1 under the cooperation of the HSG high-pressure welding cylinder (serving as an implementation mode of the hydraulic oil cylinder 2.1), at the moment, the screw rod sludge removal propeller 10.1 is controlled, and the sludge is automatically treated under the action of an ultrasonic field, so that one cycle is completed. The multi-field coupling sewage sludge dewatering device based on mechanical filter pressing comprises a sludge treatment chamber 1, a full-automatic hydraulic system 2, a direct current power supply 5, a microwave system 7, a feeding system 9, a discharging system 10 and an ultrasonic system 11, wherein the feeding system 9 is communicated with and arranged at the side part of the sludge treatment chamber 1, an anode plate 3 and a cathode plate 4 are arranged in the sludge treatment chamber 1, the anode plate 3 is arranged at the upper part of the sludge treatment chamber 1, the cathode plate 4 is arranged at the lower part of the sludge treatment chamber 1, the anode and cathode of the direct current power supply 5 are respectively connected with the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4, water outlets 6 are respectively arranged on the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4, filter cloth 6.1 is laid on the water outlets 6, and the microwave system 7 is arranged at the lower part of the cathode plate 4; the ultrasonic system 11 is arranged at the lower part of the cathode plate 4; the discharging system 10 is arranged below the cathode plate 4; the anode plate 3 is connected with a full-automatic hydraulic system 2 for driving the anode plate 3 to move.
The thought of the invention is based on the action of the force field on sludge dewatering, and the ultrasonic field, the electric field and the microwave field are added on the basis of the force field, so that the dewatering rate is increased by a multi-field coupling method. Meanwhile, on the structure of the device, a feeding system (oil cylinder and electromagnetic valve) is arranged to realize the purpose of automatic feeding, and a discharging system (double-hinged fork type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform and screw rod mud removing propeller) is arranged to realize the purpose of automatic discharging, so that the automation level and efficiency of the device are improved.
Firstly, after an electric field is added, the sludge particles are negatively charged, and the water molecules are positively charged, under the action of the electric field force, the negatively charged sludge particles move towards the anode plate, and the positively charged water molecules move towards the cathode plate. Under the action of electrochemical reaction, the electrolyzed water moves strongly in a directional way, and the cell membrane is broken due to the increase of the temperature and the pressure in the cell, so that the intracellular water flows out. Thus, the solid particles are not likely to clog the filter medium, thereby increasing the dehydration rate.
Then through the action of additional microwave field, ultrasonic field and electromagnetic field, when polar molecule dielectric medium and polar molecule dielectric medium are placed in microwave electromagnetic field, dipoles or existing dipoles can be formed in the dielectric material to rearrange, and along with the high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field to swing at speed of up to hundreds of millions of times per second, the molecules are rearranged along with the direction of continuously changing high-frequency electric field, the interference and obstruction of the original thermal motion of the molecules and the interaction of the molecules must be overcome, and friction-like action is produced, and the process can greatly intensify the molecular motion, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic field energy is gradually converted into new heat energy, so that the medium temperature is greatly increased, namely entropy is increased, the system disorder degree is increased, the thermal motion of the molecules is accelerated, and simultaneously, the ultrasonic field can be beneficial to cavitation, so that the internal floc structure of sludge is greatly broken, the flow velocity of internal water is increased, and the ultrasonic wave can also compensate the non-uniformity of microwave heating in the sludge interior, so as to improve the dehydration rate.
Meanwhile, a large amount of sludge is embedded in the pores of the filter cloth, the blocked water outlet holes greatly reduce the water outlet efficiency, but the ultrasonic wave field is used for cleaning a large amount of sludge on the filter cloth through ultrahigh frequency oscillation, so that the efficiency is further increased, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave field is also beneficial to cleaning the filter cloth during discharging.
The invention increases a detection system for real-time monitoring while multi-field coupling dehydration, and monitors the thrust output by the hydraulic oil cylinder in real time through the integration of a sensor and a computer, the final pressure generated by pushing the anode plate by the oil cylinder, the pressure, the layered temperature of sludge and the thickness of mud cakes.
As shown in FIG. 1, the multi-field coupling sewage sludge dewatering device of the invention is illustrated.
When the water content of the sewage sludge to be treated is high, pretreatment is needed before the sewage sludge enters the treatment of the invention, and the specific implementation of the pretreatment can be realized by adopting the prior art. The pretreatment is to reduce the water content of the sludge to 75-80% by mechanical press filtration and dehydration, and add a compound conditioner (Fe) 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +FeCl 3 +cao) to increase the sewage sludge treatment efficiency of the present invention. Fe before mechanical press filtration 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +FeCl 3 The +CaO+fly ash composite conditioner, wherein the heat value of the activated sludge (dry basis) after microwave conditioning gradually decreases along with the increase of microwave radiation time, feCl 3 The addition of the catalyst can achieve the effects of increasing the flocs of the activated sludge and reducing EPS, improve the heat value of the activated sludge and couple the microwaves with FeCl 3 Conditioning further enhances the dewatering performance of the activated sludge; simultaneous FeCl 3 In the coupling process with ultrasonic wave, the specific resistance of sludge, VSS/SS, the water content of filter cake and the turbidity of filtrate are respectively reduced to 0.29 multiplied by 109s 2 Per g,0.580, 82.09% and 31.22NTU, improving the efficiency of the ultrasonic action at constant power density; electroosmosis processes, where organics migrate from the cathode to the anode. Adding Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 After that, the migration amount of organic matters is increased, the pH value of a cathode mud cake is increased, the pH value of an anode mud cake is decreased, the pH gradient of a cathode mud cake and a Yang Liangji mud cake is increased, and in the electroosmosis process, the Zeta potential of the raw mud is mainly controlled by the pH value of the mud cakeInfluence; while the Zeta potential of the conditioning mud is mainly influenced by the ionic strength, fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 The addition of the medium ions can increase the conductivity of the sludge, and CaO and fly ash can increase the internal pore canal structure of the sludge, so that the free water in the sludge can flow out, and the addition of the conditioner can improve the electroosmosis dehydration rate to a certain extent.
The sludge is stored in a sludge storage chamber 9.2, after an electromagnetic valve 9.3 is opened, an oil cylinder 9.1 is started to automatically press the sludge into a sludge treatment chamber 1, the anode plate 3 moves towards the cathode plate 4 under the drive of a full-automatic hydraulic system, and the pressure between the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4 is kept when a certain pressure is reached; the direct current power supply 5 is adopted to supply power to the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4, the microwave driving power supply 7.3 is adopted to supply power to the microwave magnetron 7.1, the ultrasonic driving power supply 11.3 is adopted to supply power to the ultrasonic controller 11.2, the multi-field coupling required output power is calculated through the computer 8.4 according to the sludge temperature, the sludge thickness and the mechanical pressure value detected by the detection system 8, and the coupling dehydration of the constant voltage, the constant power density microwave field and the ultrasonic field is realized by accurate control parameters; along with the progress of coupling dehydration, the sludge of the anode plate 3 has lower water content than that of the cathode plate 4, and the sludge is dried, so that multi-field coupling dehydration is stopped at the moment; the pressure between the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4 is increased, high-pressure mechanical filter pressing dehydration is carried out, so that the water content is further reduced, a certain mechanical pressure is achieved, and the pressure between the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4 is kept after the water content is uniformly distributed; the direct current power supply 5, the microwave system 7 and the ultrasonic system 11 are started, and the multi-field coupling sludge dewatering is repeatedly performed again. After dehydration is completed, the computer 8.4 controls the hydraulic lifting platform of the double-hinged fork-type oil cylinder to start, the cathode plate 4 slowly exits the sludge treatment chamber 1 under the cooperation of the HSG high-pressure welding cylinder (serving as an implementation mode of the hydraulic oil cylinder 2.1), at the moment, the screw rod sludge removal propeller 10.1 is controlled, and the sludge is automatically treated under the action of an ultrasonic field to complete a cycle.
The hydraulic system comprises a PLC control device 2.10, a hydraulic cylinder 2.1, a low-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.5 and a high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.6, wherein the piston end of the hydraulic cylinder 2.1 is connected with an anode plate 3, and the low-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.5 and the high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.6 are communicated with the hydraulic cylinder 2.1. The pressure applied to the anode plate 3 by the hydraulic ram 2.1 is regulated by the PLC control means due to the different pressures at the different dewatering stages.
The microwave system comprises a microwave magnetron 7.1, a microwave radiating fan 7.2, a microwave driving power supply 7.3, an electromagnetic waveguide 7.4 and a Teflon conducting screw 7.5, and the intensity of a microwave field can be controlled by adjusting the driving power supply in the coupling dehydration process. Meanwhile, microwaves are generated by the microwave magnetron 7.1, the microwave radiating fan 7.2 keeps running, and the temperature of the microwave magnetron 7.1 is reduced. The generated microwaves are conducted through a cylindrical electromagnetic waveguide 7.4, the electromagnetic waveguide 7.4 is arranged below the cathode plate 4, a Teflon conducting screw 7.5 is arranged in the middle of the cathode plate, and the Teflon is a good microwave conducting material and can conduct microwaves while isolating sludge from water.
The ultrasonic system comprises an ultrasonic vibrator 11.1, an ultrasonic controller 11.2 and an ultrasonic driving power supply 11.3, and the intensity of ultrasonic waves can be controlled by adjusting the ultrasonic controller 11.2 in the coupling dehydration process. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic vibrator 11.1 is directly attached to the cathode plate, and ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrator can be transmitted in metal, so that the filter cloth cleaning function is realized.
The discharging system comprises a double-hinged fork type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform 10.2 and a screw rod mud removing propeller 10.1, after coupling dehydration is finished, a computer 8.4 controls the double-hinged fork type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform 10.2 to start, under the cooperation of the hydraulic oil cylinders 2.1, a cathode plate 4 slowly withdraws from a mud treatment cavity, at the moment, the screw rod mud removing propeller 10.1 is controlled, mud is cleaned under the cooperation of an ultrasonic field, and a cycle is completed.
The feeding system comprises an oil cylinder 9.1, a sludge storage chamber 9.2 and an electromagnetic valve 9.3, wherein before the coupling dehydration starts, the electromagnetic valve 9.3 can be opened, and then the oil cylinder 9.1 is started to enable sludge to be automatically pressed into the sludge treatment chamber 1.
The outside of the sludge treatment chamber 1 is provided with a plurality of concave annular grooves, the inside of the sludge treatment chamber is provided with a plurality of winding type temperature sensors 8.2, the sensors are close to sludge, the sensitivity is high, and the temperature of each layer of sludge can be monitored in real time after the sensors are connected with a computer.
The hydraulic cylinder 2.1 is provided with a pressure sensor 8.1 at the lower side, the sensor is directly contacted with the sludge anode plate, and compared with the thrust output by the hydraulic station, the hydraulic cylinder can more intuitively reflect the pressure field, has high sensitivity, can monitor the pressure in real time after being connected with a computer, and calculates the possible pressure through P=F/S.
The pressure sensor 8.1 upside be provided with stay-supported displacement sensor 8.3, this sensor can more directly perceivedly reflect hydro-cylinder release distance, and sensitivity is high, can monitor displacement size in real time after connecting the computer to calculate mud cake thickness through D (mud cake thickness) =H (mud thickness) -S (displacement).
The sewage and sludge dewatering device adopts an alternate variable-pressure dewatering mode, after the high-pressure mechanical filter pressing dewatering, the water content between two polar plates is changed from non-uniform to uniform, then multi-field coupling dewatering is performed again, and the reciprocating circulation is performed until the expected water content requirement of the sludge is reached. Because of adopting the alternate variable-pressure dehydration mode, the sludge of the anode plate is re-supplemented with water, the dry sludge is changed into wet sludge from the beginning, and the sludge can be restored to the electroosmosis and mechanical filter pressing coupled dehydration stage, and at the moment, the high-low pressure adjusting device is switched to low pressure to be dehydrated together with the electroosmosis.
Sealing rings 6.3 are respectively arranged between the anode plate 3, the cathode plate 4 and the sludge treatment chamber 1, the anode plate 3, the cathode plate 4 and the sludge treatment chamber 1 are mutually insulated by the insulating rings, and the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 4 are made of electric corrosion resistant materials (titanium alloy).
The anode plate 3 and the hydraulic cylinder 2.1 are connected through threads, and the movement of the cylinder is controlled through a PLC control program, so that the position of the anode plate is controlled, the whole device realizes automatic withdrawal mechanized operation, the manual withdrawal burden is greatly reduced, and the automation level and efficiency of the device are improved.
The aluminum shell and the microwave detector are additionally arranged on the outer side of the whole device, so that the leakage concentration of microwaves in the air is monitored in real time, and the safety of experiments is ensured.
The lower side of the cathode plate 4 is provided with a microwave system 7, an ultrasonic system 11 and a discharging system 10. The microwave system 7 is conducted to the lower side of the cathode plate through a special electromagnetic waveguide 7.4, the microwave system 11 is connected with a microwave vibrator 11.1 arranged on the lower side of the cathode plate through a wire, and the discharging system 10 is placed under the cathode plate due to the stress of a double-hinge fork-type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting table 10.2. The filter cloth 6.1 can be cleaned of sludge on the surface of the filter cloth by means of the microwave system 7 and the ultrasonic system 10 in the unloading process.
The sludge treatment chamber 1 may also be a rectangular cylinder, and the shape of the sludge treatment chamber 1 does not affect the implementation of the present invention.
The hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic real-time control system and a high-low pressure adjusting device. The hydraulic real-time control system is a part of a hydraulic system, and the working state is often unstable in consideration of external influence factors suffered by the oil cylinder during working. Therefore, the hydraulic real-time control system is designed for adjusting the output pressure of the hydraulic station when the filter pressing state of the oil cylinder does not reach the standard. The hydraulic real-time control system designed in the method is an embedded development control system based on a singlechip as a core, and controls a stepping motor by receiving signals of a pressure sensor under an oil cylinder. The high-low pressure regulating device is another part of the hydraulic system, and although a plurality of modes can realize the functions of the high-low pressure regulating device, the embodiment still enumerates a detailed preferred embodiment, namely the high-low pressure regulating device comprises a one-way throttle valve I2.2, a one-way throttle valve II 2.3, an electromagnetic directional valve I2.4, an electromagnetic directional valve II 2.5, a low-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.6, a high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.7, a pilot-operated overflow valve 2.8 and a hydraulic pump 2.9, wherein the one-way throttle valve I2.2 and the one-way throttle valve II 2.3 are respectively connected with an oil inlet and outlet of a hydraulic cylinder 2.1 and the electromagnetic directional valve I2.4, the pilot-operated overflow valve 2.8 is connected with the electromagnetic directional valve I2.4 and the electromagnetic directional valve II 2.7, the electromagnetic directional valve II.7 is connected with the low-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.5, the high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.6, and the low-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.5, the high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.5 is used for regulating sludge under the pressure of the high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve 2.5 MPa when the sludge is regulated under the pressure of the high-pressure direct-pressure overflow valve 2.0 MPa. In addition, the high-low pressure regulating device can be provided with parts such as a motor, an oil tank, an oil absorption filter, a cooler, an air filter, a liquid level meter, a pressure gauge and the like.
It follows that the invention can work with the following phases:
(1) pretreatment dehydration and automatic feeding stage: the sewage sludge enters a pretreatment dehydration device, is extruded in the pretreatment dehydration device to realize preliminary mechanical filter pressing dehydration, and the water content of the sludge is reduced to 75% -80%; in the dehydration stage, sewage sludge reduction can be realized to a large extent, and in the stage, medium-low pressure mechanical filter pressing is adopted, wherein the pressure is generally 0.1-0.5MPa; the stage is a pretreatment dehydration stage before sewage sludge with higher water content enters the device of the invention, but Fe is added into the sludge with water content lower than 80 percent 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +FeCl 3 The +CaO compound conditioner is used for conditioning the sludge to improve the characteristics of mechanical filter pressing and electroosmosis, microwave and ultrasonic three-field coupling dehydration in the mechanical pressure maintaining stage, and the conditioned sludge directly enters the sludge storage device for dehydration;
(2) multiple field coupling (ultrasonic field, microwave field, electric field, mechanical field) dehydration stage: after the treatment in the step (1), sewage and sludge are stored in a sludge storage chamber, after an electromagnetic valve and an oil cylinder are opened, the sludge is automatically pressed into the sludge treatment chamber, preliminary mechanical press filtration and dehydration are carried out, and after a certain pressure is reached, the mechanical pressure between an anode plate and a cathode plate is kept, so that the two polar plates are in good contact with the sludge. The positive and negative poles of the direct current power supply are respectively electrically connected with the anode plate and the cathode plate, the power supply voltage is determined according to the sludge treatment capacity (the thickness of mud cakes), and the voltage gradient is set to be 10-30V/cm. The anode plate and the cathode plate which are coupled by multiple fields are arranged in the sludge treatment cavity, a direct current power supply is adopted to supply power to the anode plate and the cathode plate, a microwave driving power supply is adopted to supply power to a microwave magnetron, and an ultrasonic system is started; the water content of the sludge treated by the step can reach 50-60%. In the step (2), the pressure of the mechanical press filtration is in a variable range, and as the press filtration proceeds, the amount of sludge between the anode plate and the cathode plate is reduced, and further pressurization is required, and the pressure in the stage is 0.05-0.5MPa.
In the dehydration process, the water flowing out from electroosmosis and mechanical filter pressing passes through the filter cloth laid on the anode plate and the cathode plate and flows out through the water outlet holes. The filter cloth (the material of the filter cloth is not limited to the traditional cloth, and all materials capable of realizing filtration can be regarded as the filter cloth), and the filter cloth wrapping the cathode plate is made of stainless steel materials, so that the electro-osmotic dehydration effect is improved.
(3) Multiple field coupling (ultrasonic field, microwave field) filter pressing dehydration and unloading stage: after the treatment in the step (2), the sludge of the anode plate has low water content, the sludge is dried, the multi-field coupling dehydration is disconnected at the moment, the pressure between the anode plate and the cathode plate is increased, the high-pressure mechanical filter pressing dehydration is realized, the sludge water flows to the cathode plate and the anode plate in a bidirectional manner, and the water content between the two electrode plates is uniform. The dehydration stage is high-pressure dehydration, and the pressure provided for the sludge is 3-5MPa.
After dehydration is completed, the computer controls the hydraulic lifting platform of the double-hinged fork-type oil cylinder to start, the cathode plate slowly withdraws from the sludge treatment cavity under the cooperation of the HSG high-pressure welding cylinder, at the moment, the screw rod sludge removal propeller is controlled, and sludge is cleaned under the cooperation of an ultrasonic field, so that one cycle is completed.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the specific structure thereof is allowed to vary. In general, all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (4)
1. An automatic dehydration method for sewage sludge by multi-field coupling is characterized in that: the multi-field coupling sewage sludge automatic dehydration device comprises a sludge treatment chamber (1), a full-automatic hydraulic system (2), a direct current power supply (5), a microwave system (7), a feeding system (9), a discharging system (10), an ultrasonic system (11) and a detection system (8), wherein the feeding system (9) is communicated with the side part of the sludge treatment chamber (1), an anode plate (3) and a cathode plate (4) are arranged in the sludge treatment chamber (1), the anode plate (3) is arranged on the upper part of the sludge treatment chamber (1), the cathode plate (4) is arranged on the lower part of the sludge treatment chamber (1), the anode and cathode of the direct current power supply (5) are respectively connected with the anode plate (3) and the cathode plate (4), water outlets (6) are formed in the anode plate (3) and the cathode plate (4), filter cloth (6.1) is laid on the water outlets (6), and the microwave system (7) is arranged on the lower part of the cathode plate (4). The ultrasonic system (11) is arranged at the lower part of the cathode plate (4); the discharging system (10) is arranged below the cathode plate (4); the anode plate (3) is connected with a full-automatic hydraulic system (2) for driving the anode plate (3) to move; the detection system (8) detects the temperature, mechanical pressure and sludge thickness of the sludge in the dehydration process so as to uniformly control and coordinate the full-automatic hydraulic system (2), the direct-current power supply (5), the microwave system (7), the feeding system (9), the discharging system (10) and the ultrasonic system (11); the feeding system comprises an oil cylinder (9.1), a sludge storage chamber (9.2) and an electromagnetic valve (9.3), wherein before dehydration starts, the electromagnetic valve (9.3) is opened, the oil cylinder (9.1) is started, and sludge is automatically pressed into the sludge treatment chamber (1); the full-automatic hydraulic system comprises a PLC control device (2.10), a hydraulic cylinder (2.1), a low-pressure direct-acting overflow valve (2.5) and a high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve (2.6), wherein the piston end of the hydraulic cylinder (2.1) is connected with an anode plate (3), and the low-pressure direct-acting overflow valve (2.5) and the high-pressure direct-acting overflow valve (2.6) are communicated with the hydraulic cylinder (2.1); the discharging system comprises a double-hinged fork type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform (10.2) and a screw rod mud removing propeller (10.1), after coupling dehydration is finished, the double-hinged fork type oil cylinder hydraulic lifting platform (10.2) is controlled by a computer (8.4) to start, under the cooperation of the hydraulic oil cylinder (2.1), a cathode plate (4) is withdrawn from a mud treatment cavity, at the moment, the screw rod mud removing propeller (10.1) is controlled, and mud is cleaned under the cooperation of an ultrasonic wave field; the microwave system (7) comprises a microwave magnetron (7.1), a microwave cooling fan (7.2), a microwave driving power supply (7.3), an electromagnetic waveguide (7.4) and a Teflon conducting screw (7.5), microwaves are generated by the microwave magnetron (7.1), the microwave cooling fan (7.2) keeps running to reduce the temperature of the microwave magnetron (7.1), and the intensity of a microwave field is controlled by adjusting the microwave driving power supply (7.3) in the coupling dehydration process; the generated microwaves are conducted through a cylindrical electromagnetic waveguide (7.4), the electromagnetic waveguide (7.4) is arranged below a cathode plate (4), and a Teflon conducting screw (7.5) is arranged in the middle of the cathode plate; the ultrasonic system comprises an ultrasonic vibrator (11.1), an ultrasonic controller (11.2) and an ultrasonic driving power supply (11.3), wherein in the coupling dehydration process, the ultrasonic driving power supply (11.3) supplies power to the ultrasonic vibrator (11.1), the intensity of ultrasonic waves is controlled by adjusting the ultrasonic controller (11.2), the ultrasonic vibrator (11.1) is attached to a cathode plate, and ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibrator propagate in metal;
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that conditioner adding and preliminary dehydration are carried out on sewage sludge before multi-field coupling dehydration, the conditioned sludge is stored in a sludge storage chamber (9.2), an oil cylinder (9.1) is started after an electromagnetic valve (9.3) is opened, so that the sludge is automatically pressed into a sludge treatment chamber (1), an anode plate (3) moves towards a cathode plate (4) under the driving of a full-automatic hydraulic system, and the pressure between the anode plate (3) and the cathode plate (4) is kept when a certain pressure is reached; the direct-current power supply (5) is adopted to supply power to the anode plate (3) and the cathode plate (4), the microwave driving power supply (7.3) is adopted to supply power to the microwave magnetron (7.1), the ultrasonic driving power supply (11.3) is adopted to supply power to the ultrasonic controller (11.2), and the energy-saving coupling dehydration of the constant-voltage gradient, the constant-power density microwave field and the ultrasonic field is realized by calculating the output power required by multi-field coupling through the computer (8.4) according to the sludge temperature, the sludge thickness and the mechanical pressure value detected by the detection system (8); along with the progress of coupling dehydration, the water content of the sludge of the anode plate (3) is lower than that of the sludge of the cathode plate (4), and the sludge is dried, so that multi-field coupling dehydration is stopped; the pressure between the anode plate (3) and the cathode plate (4) is increased, high-pressure mechanical filter pressing dehydration is carried out, so that the water content is further reduced, a certain mechanical pressure is achieved, and after the water content is uniformly distributed, the pressure between the anode plate (3) and the cathode plate (4) is kept; starting a direct current power supply (5), a microwave system (7) and an ultrasonic system (11), and repeatedly carrying out multi-field coupling sludge dehydration again; after dehydration is completed, the hydraulic lifting platform of the double-hinged fork-type oil cylinder is controlled to start, the cathode plate (4) slowly withdraws from the sludge treatment cavity (1) under the cooperation of the hydraulic oil cylinder (2.1), at the moment, the screw rod sludge removal propeller (10.1) is controlled, and the sludge is automatically treated under the action of an ultrasonic field, so that one cycle is completed.
2. The multi-field coupling automatic sewage sludge dewatering method according to claim 1, wherein: the added conditioning agent is Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 、FeCl 3 The total addition amount of the conditioning agent is 10-20% of the dry matter mass of the sludge, and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 、FeCl 3 The mass percentages of the four conditioning agents of CaO and fly ash are 5-10%,10-15%, 20-30% and 30-45% respectively.
3. The multi-field coupling automatic sewage sludge dewatering method according to claim 1, wherein: the power of the microwave system (7) and the ultrasonic system (11) is regulated, the output voltage of the direct current power supply (5) is regulated according to the sludge thickness, and the working parameter combination of multi-field coupling is dynamically regulated according to different sludge feeding amounts, sludge types and sludge thicknesses in different dewatering stages, so that the coupling dewatering of a constant voltage electric field, a constant power density microwave field and an ultrasonic field is realized.
4. The multi-field coupling automatic sewage sludge dewatering method according to claim 1, wherein: the detection system (8) comprises a pressure sensor (8.1), a temperature sensor (8.2) and a displacement sensor (8.3), wherein a plurality of concave annular grooves are formed in the outer side of the sludge treatment chamber (1), a plurality of winding-type temperature sensors (8.2) are arranged in the concave annular grooves, the pressure sensor (8.1) is arranged on the lower side of the hydraulic cylinder (2.1), and a stay-supported displacement sensor (8.3) is arranged on the upper side of the pressure sensor (8.1).
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