CN113857712A - Laser welding head on-line detection fusion depth system and method - Google Patents
Laser welding head on-line detection fusion depth system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113857712A CN113857712A CN202111302289.9A CN202111302289A CN113857712A CN 113857712 A CN113857712 A CN 113857712A CN 202111302289 A CN202111302289 A CN 202111302289A CN 113857712 A CN113857712 A CN 113857712A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring depth
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Abstract
A laser welding head on-line detection fusion depth system and a method thereof comprise a control terminal, an optical detector, a laser controller, a platform controller and a control arithmetic unit, wherein the control terminal is respectively connected with the platform controller and the laser controller and transmits information; and welding at the welding focus coordinate according to preset parameters, acquiring the current coordinate value of a welding point on line by using an optical detector in the welding process, wherein the difference between the focus value Z' and the current coordinate value fed back by the optical detector is the current penetration value. The invention automatically adjusts the technological parameters, improves the production efficiency, improves the yield and reduces the off-line detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a system and a method for detecting melting of a laser welding head on line.
Background
In recent years, thanks to the rapid development of high-power solid-state lasers, laser welding is gradually replacing the traditional welding process, and the application of laser welding in the field of modern manufacturing industry is becoming popular. The new energy and automobile manufacturing industry puts higher standards and higher requirements on laser welding equipment in the quality of the welding process.
In the process of detecting welding quality, ultrasonic detection, magnetic powder detection, X-ray detection and the like are used in the traditional method, the technologies are all based on offline detection, and the welding penetration is difficult to detect in real time in the laser welding process by the current methods, so that the welding quality is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an online detection system for a laser welding head.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the laser welding head on-line detection fusion depth system comprises a control terminal, an optical detector, a laser controller, a platform controller and a control arithmetic unit, wherein the control terminal is respectively connected with the platform controller and the laser controller and transmits information, the platform controller and the laser controller are respectively connected with the optical controller and transmits information, the optical detector is connected with the control arithmetic unit and transmits information, and a data processor is connected with the control terminal and transmits information.
The optical detector is arranged on the processing machine body, or the optical detector is connected with the processing machine body through a data line.
The optical detector is internally provided with a laser emission source, a laser receiver, an optical lens and a mode electric PCB, and is provided with a light beam connector which is connected with the control terminal through a circuit.
And the optical detector is provided with a CCD which is in communication connection with the control terminal.
The laser beam emitted from the optical detector passes through the beam splitter and then is combined with the laser beam emitted from the laser generator, and the combined laser beam is conveyed to a workpiece through the focusing lens.
The control terminal is a control terminal material or a server.
And an indicator light is arranged on the optical detector.
A laser welding head online detection melting method comprises the following steps:
moving the laser welding head to a working coordinate, and searching an initial focus coordinate of a welding position from top to bottom by taking a light-emitting surface of the laser collecting mirror in the Z-axis direction as a reference, wherein the initial focus value is Z';
welding is carried out at the position of a welding focus coordinate according to preset parameters, an optical detector is used for collecting the current coordinate value of a welding point on line in the welding process, and the difference between a focus value Z' and the current coordinate value fed back by the optical detector is the current penetration value;
and comparing the current penetration value with the set penetration value, and if deviation exists, adjusting process parameters including laser power and welding speed.
During the welding process, the penetration is calculated according to the following equation: p ═ MHH 'V, where P is laser power, V is welding speed, H is material thickness, H' is penetration, M is a material coefficient which is a constant, the material coefficient is defined by a constant according to the different welding materials and the value ≦ 1;
when the welding power is constant, the penetration, the welding speed and the material thickness are in inverse proportion;
the material coefficient is the laser absorption rate of the welding material, the higher the absorption rate is, the larger the constant value is, and the smaller the absorption rate is, the smaller the constant value is.
If the current penetration value is larger than the set penetration value, the laser welding power is automatically reduced, the laser power is automatically increased when the penetration value is smaller than the process set value, and when the laser welding power reaches the adjustment upper limit value, the welding speed is automatically reduced to ensure that the penetration reaches the welding process set value;
and when the welding power is adjusted to the maximum value and the welding speed is adjusted to the minimum value and still cannot reach the set melting depth value, the platform performs alarm shutdown processing.
The welding method has the advantages that the parameters are fed back in real time and automatically adjusted on line in the welding process, so that the production efficiency is improved, the yield is improved, the offline detection is reduced, and the welding quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of the optical detector of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser path according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the data feedback process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are referred to, they refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited. Either mechanically or electrically. Either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1-5, in one aspect, the present invention provides an online detection system for a laser welding head, which includes a control terminal, an optical detector, a laser controller, a platform controller, and a control arithmetic unit, wherein the control terminal is connected to the platform controller and the laser controller respectively and transmits information, the platform controller and the laser controller are connected to the optical controller respectively and transmits information, the optical detector is connected to the control arithmetic unit and transmits information, and a data processor is connected to the control terminal and transmits information. The control terminal is selected as a computer, and a corresponding operation application program is arranged in the control terminal, so that data calculation can be carried out. The computer, optical detector, laser controller, platform controller and control arithmetic unit are all the known equipments. The platform controller is mainly used for controlling the motion of the whole processing platform, the laser controller is mainly used for controlling parameters such as the transmitting power of the laser emitter, the optical detector adopts data in the welding process, and then the data are transmitted to the control arithmetic unit for operation and fed back to the computer. The computer may send the operating instructions to the respective device.
The optical detector 9 is installed on the processing machine body 5, or the optical detector is connected with the processing machine body through a data line, and an installation mode can be selected according to actual conditions, so that the optical detector is combined with the processing machine body.
The optical detector is internally provided with a laser emission source, a laser receiver, an optical lens and a mode electric PCB, and is provided with a light beam connector which is connected with the control terminal through a circuit. The detection laser emitted by the optical detector 9 and the processing laser form a beam combination in the machine body 5 to be coaxial, the laser melts a welding part to form a keyhole in the laser welding processing process, the detection laser reaches the bottom of the keyhole and returns to the optical detector 9, the detection laser is converted into an electric signal by a mode electric PCB and then is connected into a computer from a wire harness connector 11, and a fusion depth value is calculated according to the depth data of the keyhole and the height difference of a focus, so that the current fusion depth value can be conveniently calculated.
And the optical detector is provided with a CCD which is in communication connection with the control terminal. And an indicator light is arranged on the optical detector. The CCD carried by the optical detector 9 can output an image to a display or input to a computer. The indicator light 10 carried by the panel of the optical detector 9 can indicate the deviation between the fusion depth and a set value, indicate the overlarge or undersize deviation according to the feedback value and the set value, can be directly checked, and is convenient for the processing efficiency of an operator.
The laser detector is characterized in that the laser generator 1 and the focusing mirror are arranged on the machine body, and laser emitted from the optical detector is combined with laser emitted from the laser generator after passing through the beam splitter and then is conveyed to a workpiece through the focusing mirror.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the detection laser emitted by the optical detector 9 passes through the beam splitter b along the h optical path, is coaxially combined with the processing laser a, then is refracted downward to the welding workpiece d, and passes through the beam splitter b along the f path after reaching the bottom e of the laser keyhole and then returns to the optical detector 9. And outputting the analog quantity value to a computer acquisition card for operation after the internal analog-to-digital PCB is amplified, and then completing the measurement of the penetration depth data.
A laser welding head online detection melting method comprises the following steps:
and moving the laser welding head to a working coordinate, taking the light-emitting surface of the laser collecting mirror in the Z-axis direction as a reference, and searching the initial focus coordinate of the welding position from top to bottom, wherein the initial focus value is Z'. The position of the machine body is relatively fixed, and the height position of the laser focusing mirror is relatively unchanged, so that the initial focus coordinate is found at the moment, and the detection before welding can be realized.
And welding at the welding focus coordinate according to preset parameters, acquiring the current coordinate value of a welding point on line by using an optical detector in the welding process, wherein the difference between the focus value Z' and the current coordinate value fed back by the optical detector is the current penetration value. The detected focus coordinate is the distance from the current welding point to the light-emitting surface of the laser focusing mirror, and the current fusion depth value is obtained by subtracting the initial focus value.
And comparing the current penetration value with the set penetration value, and if deviation exists, adjusting process parameters to keep welding within an allowable range, including laser power and welding speed. And when the adjustment cannot be carried out, stopping and alarming.
During the welding process, the penetration is calculated according to the following equation: p ═ MHH 'V, where P is laser power, V is welding speed, H is material thickness, H' is penetration, M is a material coefficient which is a constant, the material coefficient is defined by a constant according to the different welding materials and the value ≦ 1; when the welding power is constant, the penetration, the welding speed and the material thickness are in inverse proportion; the material coefficient is the laser absorption rate of the welding material, the higher the absorption rate is, the larger the constant value is, and the smaller the absorption rate is, the smaller the constant value is.
If the current penetration value is larger than the set penetration value, the laser welding power is automatically reduced, the laser power is automatically increased when the penetration value is smaller than the process set value, and when the laser welding power reaches the adjustment upper limit value, the welding speed is automatically reduced to ensure that the penetration reaches the welding process set value; and when the welding power is adjusted to the maximum value and the welding speed is adjusted to the minimum value and still cannot reach the set melting depth value, the platform performs alarm shutdown processing.
That is, when the penetration value varies, the laser power and the welding speed are mainly adjusted. When the adjustment of the two can not be met, the machine is stopped and alarmed, so that welding accidents are avoided, and loss is avoided.
In addition, real-time monitoring is performed during the whole welding process, and a corresponding detection period can be set, for example, 5 milliseconds is used as one detection period for cyclic detection.
The computer stores the technological parameters of the whole welding working period, feeds back data, adjusts the parameters and establishes files for storage, and subsequent checking can be carried out.
The whole processing flow is as shown in figure 4, materials are prepared, welding is waited, online detection is carried out in the welding process, if no problem exists, welding is completed, and welding seams are formed. And simultaneously tracking the welding seam, and performing position compensation according to the result. And further carrying out fusion depth detection, carrying out power compensation and speed compensation according to a comparison result, adjusting, and finishing welding.
Fig. 5 shows an integral closed-loop control, which ensures the welding quality.
According to the invention, the keyhole formed by melting the welding part by laser in the laser welding process is detected by using the detection laser, the detection laser is compared with the set distance to obtain the deviation value, and then the adjustment is carried out by adjusting the laser power and the welding speed, so that the welding quality is ensured.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like can be made in the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments or in some of the technical features of the foregoing embodiments, but those modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like are all within the spirit and principle of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The laser welding head on-line detection penetration system is characterized by comprising a control terminal, an optical detector, a laser controller, a platform controller and a control arithmetic unit, wherein the control terminal is respectively connected with the platform controller and the laser controller and transmits information, the platform controller and the laser controller are respectively connected with the optical controller and transmits information, the optical detector is connected with the control arithmetic unit and transmits information, and a data processor is connected with the control terminal and transmits information.
2. The laser welding head on-line penetration detection system of claim 1, wherein the optical detector is mounted on the machining body or the optical detector is connected to the machining body through a data line.
3. The system for the laser welding head online detection of the penetration according to claim 2, wherein the optical detector is internally provided with a laser emitting source, a laser receiver, an optical lens and a mode electric PCB, and the optical detector is provided with a light beam connector which is connected with the control terminal through a circuit.
4. The laser welding head on-line detection penetration system of claim 3, wherein the optical detector is provided with a CCD, and the CCD is in communication connection with the control terminal.
5. The system for the on-line detection of the penetration of the laser welding head according to claim 4, wherein the machine body is provided with a laser generator and a focusing mirror, and the laser emitted from the optical detector is combined with the laser emitted from the laser generator after passing through the beam splitter and then is conveyed to a workpiece through the focusing mirror.
6. The laser welding head on-line detection penetration system of claim 5, wherein the control terminal is a control terminal material or a server.
7. The laser welding head on-line penetration detection system of claim 6, wherein an indicator light is provided on the optical detector.
8. The on-line detection melting method for the laser welding head is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
moving the laser welding head to a working coordinate, and searching an initial focus coordinate of a welding position from top to bottom by taking a light-emitting surface of the laser collecting mirror in the Z-axis direction as a reference, wherein the initial focus value is Z';
welding is carried out at the position of a welding focus coordinate according to preset parameters, an optical detector is used for collecting the current coordinate value of a welding point on line in the welding process, and the difference between a focus value Z' and the current coordinate value fed back by the optical detector is the current penetration value;
and comparing the current penetration value with the set penetration value, and if deviation exists, adjusting process parameters including laser power and welding speed.
9. The laser welding head on-line detection melting method of claim 8, characterized in that during welding, the melting depth is calculated according to the following equation: p ═ MHH 'V, where P is laser power, V is welding speed, H is material thickness, H' is penetration, M is a material coefficient which is a constant, the material coefficient is defined by a constant according to the different welding materials and the value ≦ 1;
when the welding power is constant, the penetration, the welding speed and the material thickness are in inverse proportion;
the material coefficient is the laser absorption rate of the welding material, the higher the absorption rate is, the larger the constant value is, and the smaller the absorption rate is, the smaller the constant value is.
10. The laser welding head on-line detection fusion method of claim 9, characterized in that if the current fusion depth value is larger than the set fusion depth value, the laser welding power is automatically reduced, the laser power is automatically increased when the fusion depth value is smaller than the process set value, and when the laser welding power reaches the adjustment upper limit value, the welding speed is automatically reduced to ensure that the fusion depth reaches the welding process set value;
and when the welding power is adjusted to the maximum value and the welding speed is adjusted to the minimum value and still cannot reach the set melting depth value, the platform performs alarm shutdown processing.
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| CN202111302289.9A CN113857712A (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | Laser welding head on-line detection fusion depth system and method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115922061A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-04-07 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Copper-aluminum dissimilar metal lap welding method based on ultrasonic real-time measurement |
| CN115922061B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-11 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Copper-aluminum dissimilar metal lap welding method based on ultrasonic real-time measurement |
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2021
- 2021-11-04 CN CN202111302289.9A patent/CN113857712A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115922061A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-04-07 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Copper-aluminum dissimilar metal lap welding method based on ultrasonic real-time measurement |
| CN115922061B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-11 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Copper-aluminum dissimilar metal lap welding method based on ultrasonic real-time measurement |
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