CN113857511A

CN113857511A - Tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar

Info

Publication number: CN113857511A
Application number: CN202111307375.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 章伟; 黄威武; 李季飞; 付秉鑫; 任健
Original assignee: Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-05
Filing date: 2021-11-05
Publication date: 2021-12-31
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-05
Also published as: CN113857511B

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunable damping vibration-damping cutter bar, which comprises a cutter bar body, a dynamic vibration-absorbing unit, an adjusting unit and a cutter head connecting sleeve, wherein the cutter bar body is provided with an installation cavity, the dynamic vibration-absorbing unit comprises a connecting rod, quality piece and end cap, the regulating unit includes elastic component and adjusting nut, the installation cavity is located to the connecting rod, the quality piece, the end cap, elastic component and adjusting nut overlap on the connecting rod in proper order, the connecting rod rear end is equipped with the spacing portion of rear end axial, the quality piece supports with the spacing portion of rear end axial and leans on, adjusting nut and connecting rod threaded connection, the uncovered of locating the installation cavity is inserted to the tool bit adapter sleeve, adjusting nut is located the tool bit adapter sleeve, the inner wall of tool bit adapter sleeve has the spacing portion of front end axial, adjusting nut's radial terminal surface supports and leans on in the spacing portion of front end axial, the circumference face and the spacing portion of front end axial of elastic component offset, be equipped with damping liquid or high damping viscoelastic body between quality piece and the connecting rod. The invention has the advantages of cantilever type dynamic vibration damping unit and good vibration damping effect.

Description

Tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of metal cutting processing, in particular to a tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar.

Background

The long overhanging cutter has the disadvantages of poor processing quality, short service life of the cutter, low processing efficiency, high noise of working environment and the like because the cutter rod is easy to vibrate in the processing process.

The problems existing in the prior art are as follows: (1) most of the current vibration-damping tool shanks do not have tuning capability and are suitable for a small range of cutting parameters, such as the descriptions of patent document CN 111194252 a, "a tool body including a damping device and a machining tool having the tool body," and patent document CN209614977U "a dynamic vibration-absorbing unit and a tool shank and a tool using the dynamic vibration-absorbing unit. (2) The existing vibration damper with a built-in vibration damping cutter bar mainly adopts a scheme of supporting at two ends, vibration is reduced by axial translation of the vibration damper, the mass center of the vibration damper is far away from a cutter head, the supports at the two ends can decompose kinetic energy and the supports at the two ends can reduce vibration damping effect; (3) in some vibration reduction cutter bar patents with adjustable frequency, the internal dynamic vibration absorption unit has complex mechanical structure adjustment and is difficult to assemble and maintain, and the adjustable mechanical structure of the damper occupies a large amount of internal space of a boring bar cavity, so that the volume of the required cutter bar cavity is increased, the static rigidity is reduced, and the vibration reduction effect is seriously influenced. (4) In some damping and rigidity adjustable damping cutter bar patents, such as patent document CN106239246A, "damping and rigidity adjustable electrorheological damping chatter-suppressing cutter bar and damping chatter-suppressing method", damping and rigidity are adjusted by using electrorheological or magnetorheological fluid, and damping of a small amount of electrorheological fluid is relied on, so that when the structure is not aimed at isolating a vibration source, the damping and vibration-absorbing effects are relatively limited for the whole cutter bar. In summary, there is still a lack of a tunable vibration reduction tool with better vibration reduction effect and simple tuning structure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar with a cantilever type dynamic vibration attenuation unit and a good vibration attenuation effect.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar comprises a cutter bar body, a dynamic vibration absorption unit, an adjusting unit and a cutter head connecting sleeve, wherein the cutter bar body is provided with an installation cavity, the front end of the installation cavity, which is close to the cutter bar body, is open, the dynamic vibration absorption unit comprises a connecting rod, a mass block and a plug, the adjusting unit comprises an elastic piece and an adjusting nut, the connecting rod is arranged in the installation cavity, the mass block, the plug, the elastic piece and the adjusting nut are sequentially sleeved on the connecting rod and are abutted forwards and backwards, the rear end of the connecting rod is provided with a rear end axial limiting part, the mass block is abutted against the rear end axial limiting part, the adjusting nut is in threaded connection with the connecting rod, the cutter head connecting sleeve is inserted into the open of the installation cavity, the adjusting nut is positioned in the cutter head connecting sleeve, the inner wall of the cutter head connecting sleeve is provided with a front end axial limiting part, and the front end axial limiting part is arranged between the adjusting nut and the mass block, the radial end face of the adjusting nut is abutted against the front end axial limiting part, the circumferential face of the elastic piece is abutted against the front end axial limiting part, a gap is formed between the mass block and the connecting rod, damping liquid or a high-damping viscoelastic body is arranged in the gap, and an axial adjusting gap H1 is formed between the rear end of the connecting rod and the bottom wall of the installation cavity.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, when the gap is filled with damping fluid, the dynamic vibration absorbing unit further includes a first sealing element and a second sealing element, the first sealing element is disposed between the mass block and the rear end axial limiting portion, and the second sealing element is disposed between the mass block and the plug.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the front end and the rear end of the mass block are respectively provided with a second groove and a first groove, the first sealing element is arranged in the first groove, and the second sealing element is arranged in the second groove.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the elastic member is a spring or an elastic rubber pad.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the connecting rod is made of spring steel.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, an axial adjusting gap H2 is formed between the front end of the mass block and the cutter head connecting sleeve, and a radial adjusting gap H3 is formed between the elastic piece and the inner wall of the cutter head connecting sleeve.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the tool bit connecting sleeve is in interference fit with the mounting cavity.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the front end of the cutter head connecting sleeve is provided with a sinking platform, and the sinking platform is abutted against the end face of the front end of the cutter bar body.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a screw for connecting a bit is provided on an end surface of the counter sink.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a first cooling channel is arranged in the connecting rod, a second cooling channel is arranged in the cutter bar body, and the first cooling channel is communicated with the second cooling channel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar disclosed by the invention has the advantages that firstly, the built-in dynamic vibration absorption unit is designed into a cantilever beam structure, the maximum amplitude part close to the end of the cutter head is taken as a fulcrum, the vibration of the cutter head is transmitted to the dynamic vibration absorption unit through the connecting rod, the dynamic vibration absorption unit vibrates in the reverse direction relative to the cutter head, the vibration of the cutter head is absorbed through the swinging of the dynamic vibration absorption unit, and compared with the dynamic vibration absorption unit supported by two ends, the vibration attenuation of the cutter head end can be more effectively reduced, and the vibration attenuation effect is better; secondly, when the adjusting nut 7 is screwed down, the dynamic vibration absorption unit translates towards the front end along the axial direction and compresses the elastic part; when the adjusting nut is loosened, the compressed elastic piece is gradually recovered, the released elastic force pushes the dynamic vibration absorption unit to move horizontally along the axial direction away from the cutter head end, namely, the rigidity of the dynamic vibration absorption unit is adjusted by changing the compression degree of the elastic piece, and the frequency is tuned by moving the position of a mass block in the dynamic vibration absorption unit in two axial directions; compared with a frequency adjustable scheme designed on the basis of adopting a complex mechanical structure and losing the static rigidity of the cutter bar in the prior art, the invention greatly saves the internal space of the cutter bar body on the premise of ensuring the static rigidity of the cutter bar main body, so that the whole damper has simpler structure, wider tuning range, extremely simple adjusting mode and easier implementation and maintenance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (forward moving state of the dynamic vibration absorbing unit) of a tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar (a dynamic vibration absorbing unit in a backward moving state) in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram three of the tunable damping vibration attenuation tool bar of embodiment 1 of the present invention (with the first sealing element, the second sealing element, the plug, the elastic element and the adjusting nut removed).

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunable damping vibration attenuation tool bar in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote:

1. a cutter bar body; 11. installing a cavity; 12. a second cooling channel; 2. a tool bit connecting sleeve; 21. a front end axial limiting part; 22. sinking a platform; 23. a screw; 3. a connecting rod; 31. a rear end axial limiting part; 32. a first cooling channel; 4. a mass block; 41. a first groove; 42. a second groove; 5. a plug; 6. an elastic member; 61. a spring; 7. adjusting the nut; 81. damping fluid; 82. a high damping viscoelastic body; 91. a first sealing element; 92. and a second sealing element.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples of the specification.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tunable damping vibration-damping cutter bar of the present embodiment includes a cutter bar body 1, a dynamic vibration-absorbing unit, an adjusting unit and a cutter head connecting sleeve 2, wherein the cutter bar body 1 is provided with an installation cavity 11, the front end of the installation cavity 11 close to the cutter bar body 1 is open, and the front end of the cutter bar body 1 is one end for installing a cutter head. The dynamic vibration absorption unit comprises a connecting rod 3, a mass block 4 and a plug 5. The adjusting unit comprises an elastic piece 6 and an adjusting nut 7, the connecting rod 3 is arranged in the installation cavity 11, the mass block 4, the plug 5, the elastic piece 6 and the adjusting nut 7 are sequentially sleeved on the connecting rod 3 and are sequentially abutted against the front and the back of the connecting rod, namely the mass block 4, the plug 5, the elastic piece 6 and the adjusting nut 7 are sequentially abutted against the front and the back of the connecting rod, wherein the mass block 4 is arranged on the outer side of the adjusting nut 7 and on the inner side of the mass block 4. The rear end of the connecting rod 3 is provided with a rear end axial limiting part 31, the mass block 4 is abutted against the rear end axial limiting part 31, the adjusting nut 7 is in threaded connection with the connecting rod 3, the tool bit connecting sleeve 2 is inserted into the opening of the mounting cavity 11, the adjusting nut 7 is positioned in the tool bit connecting sleeve 2, the inner wall of the tool bit connecting sleeve 2 is provided with a front end axial limiting part 21, the front end axial limiting part 21 is arranged between the adjusting nut 7 and the mass block 4, the radial end surface of the adjusting nut 7 is abutted against the front end axial limiting part 21 (the front end axial limiting part 21 can prevent the adjusting nut 7 from moving axially), the circumferential surface of the elastic member 6 is abutted against the front end axial limiting part 21 (namely, the elastic member 6 is plugged in the inner hole of the front end axial limiting part 21 to prevent the elastic member 6 from jumping radially), a gap is arranged between the mass block 4 and the connecting rod 3, the gap is internally provided with damping liquid 81, the front end axial limiting part 21 and the damping plug 5 can protect the damping liquid 81, preventing the damping fluid 81 from overflowing.

During installation of the tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar, the connecting rod 3 is firstly placed into the installation cavity 11, then the mass block 4 is sleeved on the connecting rod 3 and is pushed inwards to abut against the rear end axial limiting part 31, then damping liquid 81 is filled between the mass block 4 and the connecting rod 3, the plug 5 is sleeved on the connecting rod, the damping liquid 81 is blocked, then the cutter head connecting sleeve 2 is installed and is fixed with the front end of the cutter bar body 1, finally, the elastic part 6 and the adjusting nut 7 are sleeved on the connecting rod, the adjusting nut 7 is limited by the front end axial limiting part 21 of the cutter head connecting sleeve 2, and the elastic part 6 is compressed between the adjusting nut 7 and the plug 5. After the assembly, an axial adjusting gap H1 is formed between the rear end of the connecting rod 3 and the bottom wall of the mounting cavity 11, and since the elastic piece 6 is clamped in the inner hole of the front axial limiting part 21, the front end of the connecting rod 3 forms a cantilever structure taking the elastic piece 6 and the front axial limiting part 21 which are matched with each other as fulcrums. The rear end of the connecting rod 3 is in a suspended state in the mounting cavity 11.

Firstly, the built-in dynamic vibration absorption unit is designed to be a cantilever beam structure, the maximum part of the amplitude close to the end of the cutter head is used as a fulcrum, the vibration of the cutter head is transmitted to the dynamic vibration absorption unit through the connecting rod, the dynamic vibration absorption unit vibrates reversely relative to the cutter head, the vibration of the cutter head is absorbed through the swinging of the dynamic vibration absorption unit, and compared with the dynamic vibration absorption unit supported by two ends, the vibration of the end of the cutter head can be effectively reduced, and the vibration absorption effect is better. Secondly, when the adjusting nut 7 is tightened, the dynamic vibration absorbing unit translates axially towards the front end (i.e. the bit end, right end in fig. 1) and compresses the elastic member 6; when the adjusting nut 7 is loosened, the compressed elastic part 6 is gradually restored, the released elastic force pushes the dynamic vibration absorption unit to move horizontally along the axial direction away from the cutter head end (the left end in fig. 2), namely, the rigidity of the dynamic vibration absorption unit is adjusted by changing the compression degree of the elastic part 6, and the tuning of the cutter bar is realized by moving the position of the mass block 4 in the dynamic vibration absorption unit along two axial directions and tuning the frequency.

The elastic part 6 has two main functions, one is that in the axial direction, the hard collision between the plug 5 and the adjusting nut 7 is avoided, so that the axial movement of the dynamic vibration absorption unit is flexibly buffered, the vibration absorption effect is further improved, and the connecting rod 3 is pushed to move towards the rear end (far away from the cutter head end) by the compression force of the elastic part 6 when the adjusting nut 7 is loosened; secondly, in the radial direction, the elastic part 6 avoids the situation that the connecting rod and the front end axial limiting part 21 are hard to touch, so that the up-and-down swing of the connecting rod 3 is flexibly buffered, and the vibration reduction effect is further improved. In the present embodiment, the elastic member 6 is preferably a spring 61, and is specifically one of a metal spring, a rubber spring, and an air spring. It should be noted that, in addition to this embodiment, in other embodiments, the elastic member 6 may also be an elastic rubber pad.

In this embodiment, an axial adjustment gap H2 is provided between the front end of the mass 4 and the bit connecting sleeve 2, and a radial adjustment gap H3 is provided between the elastic member 6 and the inner wall of the bit connecting sleeve 2. In the initial position, an axial adjusting gap H1 is reserved between the mass block 4 and the rear end, so that the mass block 4 can move towards the rear end conveniently, an axial adjusting gap H2 is reserved between the mass block 4 and the front end, and the mass block 4 is prevented from colliding with the cutter head connecting sleeve 2 after the mass block 4 moves forwards H2. The radial adjusting gap H3 is provided to give the connecting rod 3 a margin for swinging up and down in the radial direction, and avoid colliding with the cutter head connecting sleeve 2.

In this embodiment, the rear axial limiting portion 31 and the connecting rod 3 are integrally formed, and it should be noted that, in addition to this embodiment, in other embodiments, the rear axial limiting portion 31 and the connecting rod 3 may also be a split mechanism, and the two are connected into a whole by welding or screws.

In the present embodiment, taking the damping material in the gap between the mass 4 and the connecting rod 3 as the damping liquid 81 as an example, the damping liquid 81 is liquid and is liable to leak out, particularly in the case of vibration. For this purpose, the dynamic vibration absorbing unit further includes a first sealing member 91 and a second sealing member 92, the first sealing member 91 is disposed between the mass 4 and the rear axial limiting portion 31, and the second sealing member 92 is disposed between the mass 4 and the plug 5. The first sealing element 91 and the second sealing element 92 are respectively arranged at two ends of the gap to seal the damping fluid 81 in the gap and prevent leakage.

Specifically, the front end and the rear end of the mass block 4 are respectively provided with a groove two 42 and a groove one 41, the sealing member one 91 is arranged in the groove one 41, and the sealing member two 92 is arranged in the groove two 42. Seal one 91 and seal two 92 are preferably O-rings.

In this embodiment, the connecting rod 3 is spring steel. The connecting rod 3 needs to swing up and down in the installation cavity 11, so a certain elasticity is needed to resist bending, the connecting rod 3 adopting the special alloy characteristic of spring steel is used as a vibration transmission medium, and compared with a dynamic vibration absorption unit adopting rubber elements at both ends, the response is faster, the vibration convergence period is further shortened, and the vibration absorption effect is improved.

In this embodiment, the front end of the tool bit connecting sleeve 2 has a sinking platform 22, and the sinking platform 22 abuts against the front end face of the tool bar body 1. The tool bit connecting sleeve 2 and the mounting cavity 11 are in interference fit, and the tool bit connecting sleeve 2 is connected with the tool bar body 1 through interference fit. The end face of the sinking platform 22 is provided with a screw 23 for connecting a cutter head, and the cutter head is fixed on the cutter head connecting sleeve 2 through the screw 23, so that the assembly of the cutter head and the cutter bar is realized.

In this embodiment, a first cooling channel 32 is arranged in the connecting rod 3, a second cooling channel 12 is arranged in the cutter bar body 1, the first cooling channel 32 is communicated with the second cooling channel 12, and the cutter head is cooled during cooling through cutting.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 4, the tunable damping vibration attenuation tool bar of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 only in that:

in this embodiment, the damping material in the gap between the mass block 4 and the connecting rod 3 is the high damping viscoelastic body 82, and the high damping viscoelastic body 82 is not liquid but is a colloid, so that the sealing element i 91 and the sealing element ii 92 are not needed for sealing, the structure of the cutter bar is simpler, the structure of the dynamic vibration absorbing unit can be further simplified, and the volume of the mass block 4 can be expanded under the condition that the volumes of the installation cavities 11 are equal, so that the vibration absorbing capability of the dynamic vibration absorbing unit can be further improved.

The rest parts which are not described are basically the same as the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunable damping vibration attenuation cutter bar is characterized in that: the cutter bar comprises a cutter bar body (1), a dynamic vibration absorption unit, an adjusting unit and a cutter head connecting sleeve (2), wherein the cutter bar body (1) is provided with an installation cavity (11), the front end of the installation cavity (11), which is close to the cutter bar body (1), is open, the dynamic vibration absorption unit comprises a connecting rod (3), a mass block (4) and a plug (5), the adjusting unit comprises an elastic piece (6) and an adjusting nut (7), the connecting rod (3) is arranged in the installation cavity (11), the mass block (4), the plug (5), the elastic piece (6) and the adjusting nut (7) are sequentially sleeved on the connecting rod (3) and are abutted forwards and backwards, the rear end of the connecting rod (3) is provided with a rear end axial limiting part (31), the mass block (4) is abutted against the rear end axial limiting part (31), and the adjusting nut (7) is in threaded connection with the connecting rod (3), tool bit adapter sleeve (2) are inserted and are located the uncovered of installation cavity (11), adjusting nut (7) are located tool bit adapter sleeve (2), the inner wall of tool bit adapter sleeve (2) has front end axial spacing portion (21), front end axial spacing portion (21) are located between adjusting nut (7) and quality piece (4), the radial terminal surface of adjusting nut (7) supports and leans on front end axial spacing portion (21), the circumference face and the front end axial spacing portion (21) of elastic component (6) offset, the clearance has between quality piece (4) and connecting rod (3), be equipped with damping fluid (81) or high damping viscoelastic body (82) in the clearance, axial adjustment clearance H1 has between connecting rod (3) rear end and installation cavity (11) diapire.

2. The tunable damping vibration attenuation bar of claim 1, characterized in that: when the damping fluid (81) is in the gap, the dynamic vibration absorbing unit further comprises a first sealing element (91) and a second sealing element (92), wherein the first sealing element (91) is arranged between the mass block (4) and the rear end axial limiting part (31), and the second sealing element (92) is arranged between the mass block (4) and the plug (5).

3. The tunable damping vibration attenuation bar of claim 2, characterized in that: the front end and the rear end of the mass block (4) are respectively provided with a second groove (42) and a first groove (41), the first sealing element (91) is arranged in the first groove (41), and the second sealing element (92) is arranged in the second groove (42).

4. The tunable damped vibration damping tool bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the elastic piece (6) is a spring (61) or an elastic rubber pad.

5. The tunable damped vibration damping tool bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the connecting rod (3) is made of spring steel.

6. The tunable damped vibration damping tool bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: an axial adjusting gap H2 is arranged between the front end of the mass block (4) and the cutter head connecting sleeve (2), and a radial adjusting gap H3 is arranged between the elastic piece (6) and the inner wall of the cutter head connecting sleeve (2).

7. The tunable damped vibration damping tool bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the tool bit connecting sleeve (2) is in interference fit with the mounting cavity (11).

8. The tunable damped vibration damping tool bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the front end of the cutter head connecting sleeve (2) is provided with a sinking platform (22), and the sinking platform (22) is abutted against the end face of the front end of the cutter bar body (1).

9. The tunable damping vibration attenuation bar of claim 8, wherein: the end face of the sinking platform (22) is provided with a screw (23) for connecting a cutter head.

10. The tunable damped vibration damping tool bar according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: be equipped with cooling channel (32) in connecting rod (3), be equipped with cooling channel two (12) in cutter arbor body (1), cooling channel one (32) and cooling channel two (12) intercommunication.