CN113857510B

CN113857510B - Inner-cooling cutting tool

Info

Publication number: CN113857510B
Application number: CN202111229291.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘爱强; 辛晓伟; 王飞; 赵志伟; 江凌燕; 王羽中
Original assignee: Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-21
Filing date: 2021-10-21
Publication date: 2023-01-31
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-21
Also published as: CN113857510A

Abstract

The invention discloses an internal cooling cutting tool which comprises a tool body, a blade and a fastener, wherein the tool body comprises an upper split body, a lower split body, a sealing elastic body and a locking part, the sealing elastic body is arranged between the upper split body and the lower split body and is clamped and locked by the upper split body and the lower split body, the blade is arranged on the upper split body through the fastener, a liquid channel and a tesla valve gas channel are arranged on the lower end surface of the upper split body, the inlet of the liquid channel is independent of the inlet of the tesla valve gas channel, the outlet of the liquid channel is intersected with the outlet of the tesla valve gas channel to form a gas-liquid outlet, a nozzle facing the blade is arranged on the upper split body, and the nozzle is communicated with the gas-liquid outlet. The invention integrates a micro-lubricating oil path formed by a gas channel and a liquid channel of the Tesla valve which are connected in series, and cutting fluid and gas are converged to form a gas phase and a liquid phase and are atomized, so that the cutting fluid and the gas can accurately reach a cutting part, the cutting temperature of a blade and a workpiece is reduced, the friction is reduced, the cutting resistance is reduced, and the cutting life of a cutter is prolonged.

Description

Inner-cooling cutting tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of cutting machining, in particular to an internal cooling cutting tool.

Background

The cutting fluid acts between the cutter and the workpiece in metal processing, and has the effects of effectively improving the processing efficiency, improving the surface quality of the processed workpiece, prolonging the service life of the cutter and the like. The traditional lubricating mode adopts an external pipeline, the action position of the cutting fluid is not accurate, the consumption of the cutting fluid is high, the cutting fluid is difficult to enter a processing part accurately, and the efficiency is low; the environment pollution is easy to cause, the oil-based cutting fluid is easy to contain phosphorus and other trace elements which are harmful to the environment under the action of high temperature, the environment-friendly treatment cost is high, and the risk of contact damage to processing workers is high. In some machining cases, machining is performed in a non-cutting fluid manner, i.e., dry machining. However, the dry machining has higher requirements on the power of a machine tool, and in some occasions of machining which is easy to generate heat, such as titanium alloy and other materials with lower heat conductivity coefficient, the dry machining is easy to cause workpiece burn, seriously reduces the service life of a cutter and the like.

Compared with the traditional lubrication mode, the micro-lubrication mode is an energy-saving, green, environment-friendly and less harmful lubrication mode. The existing trace lubrication device adopts an external device, needs an additional structure, is generally a tube structure, and not only occupies a cutting space in a squeezing way, but also is easy to cause position deviation after being used for a long time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a micro-lubricating oil path formed by integrating a gas channel and a liquid channel of a Tesla valve which are connected in series, wherein cutting fluid and gas are converged to form gas-liquid two phases and atomized, the atomized micro-lubricating oil can accurately reach a cutting part, and the cutting temperature of a blade and a workpiece is obviously reduced.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the cutter body comprises an upper split body, a lower split body, a sealing elastic body and a locking piece, wherein the sealing elastic body is arranged between the upper split body and the lower split body and is clamped and locked by the upper split body and the lower split body, the blade is arranged on the upper split body through the fastening piece, a liquid channel and a Tesla valve gas channel are arranged on the lower end face of the upper split body, the inlet of the liquid channel is mutually independent of the inlet of the Tesla valve gas channel, the outlet of the liquid channel is intersected with the outlet of the Tesla valve gas channel to form a gas-liquid outlet, a nozzle facing the blade is arranged on the upper split body, and the nozzle is communicated with the gas-liquid outlet.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a height-fixing gasket is further disposed between the upper split body and the lower split body, the height-fixing gasket is embedded in the sealing elastic body, and the height of the sealing elastic body in a free state is greater than the height of the height-fixing gasket.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the sealing elastic body is provided with a receiving hole, and the height-fixing gasket is disposed in the receiving hole.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the upper split body and the lower split body are connected through a locking piece.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the locking piece is a locking bolt, the lower split body is provided with a mounting hole, the height-fixing gasket is provided with a through hole, the lower end face of the upper split body is provided with a threaded hole, and a threaded part of the locking bolt sequentially penetrates through the mounting hole and the through hole to be in locking fit with the threaded hole.

As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the mounting hole is a counter bore, the counter bore sinking platform is located on the lower end face of the lower split body, and the head of the locking bolt is located in the counter bore sinking platform.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the upper end face of the upper split body is provided with a leading-out channel, the nozzle is positioned in the leading-out channel, and the leading-out channel is connected with a gas-liquid outlet.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a first threaded pipe is arranged at the inlet of the liquid channel and is in threaded connection with the inlet of the liquid channel.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a second threaded pipe is arranged at the inlet of the gas passage of the tesla valve, and the second threaded pipe is in threaded connection with the inlet of the gas passage of the tesla valve.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the upper end surface of the upper split body is provided with an installation groove, and the blade is installed in the installation groove.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the internal cooling cutting tool integrates a micro-lubricating oil path formed by a gas channel and a liquid channel of a Tesla valve which are connected in series, cutting liquid and gas are gathered to form a gas-liquid two phase and are atomized, the atomized micro-lubricating oil can accurately reach a cutting part, the cutting temperature of a blade and a workpiece is obviously reduced, friction is reduced, cutting resistance is reduced, tool abrasion is reduced, the service life of a cutting unit is prolonged, and the cutting life of the tool under the micro-lubricating condition is prolonged. The cutter body adopts a split structure and can be assembled in a detachable manner, so that the gas channel and the liquid channel of the Tesla valve can be conveniently machined, and the sealing elastomer is used for sealing, thereby preventing gas and liquid from leaking. The internal cooling cutting tool can be widely applied to the processing conditions of water-based, emulsion, oil-based and other cutting fluids under micro-lubrication. The internal cooling cutting tool has the advantages of reducing friction, accelerating heat conduction, reducing cutting force and having high processing efficiency.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an internally cooled cutting tool according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of an internally cooled cutting tool according to example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the upper split body in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote:

1. a blade; 2. a fastener; 3. an upper split body; 31. a liquid channel; 32. a Tesla valve gas passage; 33. a gas-liquid outlet; 34. a threaded hole; 35. an extraction channel; 36. mounting grooves; 4. a lower split body; 41. mounting holes; 5. a sealing elastomer; 51. an accommodation hole; 6. a nozzle; 7. a height-fixed gasket; 71. perforating; 8. locking the bolt; 91. a first threaded pipe; 92. and a second threaded pipe.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples of the specification.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the internal cooling cutting tool of the present embodiment includes a tool body, a blade 1, and a fastening member 2, the tool body includes an upper split body 3, a lower split body 4, a sealing elastic body 5, and a locking member, the sealing elastic body 5 is disposed between the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4, and the three are clamped and locked, the blade 1 is mounted on the upper split body 3 through the fastening member 2, a liquid passage 31 and a tesla valve gas passage 32 are disposed on a lower end surface of the upper split body 3, an inlet of the liquid passage 31 is independent from an inlet of the tesla valve gas passage 32, an outlet of the liquid passage 31 intersects with an outlet of the tesla valve gas passage 32 to form a gas-liquid outlet 33, a nozzle 6 facing the blade 1 is disposed on the upper split body 3, and the nozzle 6 is communicated with the gas-liquid outlet 33.

During operation, cutting fluid is introduced into the fluid channel 31, gas is introduced into the gas channel 32 of the Tesla valve, the cutting fluid and the gas are gathered at the gas-liquid outlet 33 to form a gas-liquid two-phase mixture and are atomized, the gas is sprayed to the blade 1 from the nozzle 6, and the gas in the gas channel 32 of the Tesla valve continuously provides pulse thrust to push the atomized cutting fluid to the cutting area of the blade 1 to act on different positions of a cutting part, such as a rear corner surface, a front corner surface, a chip root and the like, and the atomized cutting fluid is accurately supplied to a chip forming part. Because the blade 1 drives the surrounding air to form an air barrier layer when rotating at a high speed for cutting, if the cutting fluid continuously sprayed in the prior art is blocked by the air barrier layer and is difficult to enter a cutting part or has backflow and the like, the cooling and lubricating effect is good, the pressure of the cutting fluid must be increased, and high-pressure spraying is performed. Aiming at the problem, the invention adopts a mode of combining the gas channel 32 of the Tesla valve with the liquid channel 31, the gas in the gas channel 32 of the Tesla valve has a mechanical pulse pressurization function, and the gas barrier layer can be broken through pulse thrust to lubricate and cool the cutting part.

It should be noted that the nozzle 6 is directed towards the blade 1, not in a specific position, but in a rough position, and in fact both the direction and the height of the nozzle 6 can be adjusted. Due to the mechanical impulse charging function, the nozzles 6 can act on different surface positions of the insert 1, the extension of the centre of the outlet of the nozzle 6 being located at the chip forming part of the insert 1. The final position of the cutting fluid jet (the position of the nozzle 6) is related to the main wear position of the insert 1, the flank wear corresponds to the jet center on the flank of the insert 1, and the rake surface built-up corresponds to the chip formation or the tip on the flank of the insert 1.

In the embodiment, in order to facilitate the processing of the gas channel 32 of the tesla valve, the cutter body is divided into the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4, the inner side of the upper split body 3 is provided with the gas channel 32 and the liquid channel 31 of the tesla valve (the channels are open groove structures and are not closed structures like holes), the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4 are locked through the locking piece, in order to avoid the leakage of the gas channel 32 and the liquid channel 31 of the tesla valve, the sealing elastic body 5 is arranged between the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4, and when the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4 are clamped, the sealing elastic body 5 is compressed, so that the sealing of the gas channel and the liquid channel is realized.

The internal cooling cutting tool integrates a micro-lubricating oil path formed by a gas channel and a liquid channel of a Tesla valve which are connected in series, cutting liquid and gas are gathered to form a gas-liquid two phase and are atomized, the atomized micro-lubricating oil can accurately reach a cutting part, the cutting temperature of a blade and a workpiece is obviously reduced, friction is reduced, cutting resistance is reduced, tool abrasion is reduced, the service life of a cutting unit is prolonged, and the cutting service life of the tool under the micro-lubricating condition is prolonged. The cutter body adopts a split structure and can be assembled in a detachable manner, so that the gas channel and the liquid channel of the Tesla valve can be conveniently machined, and the sealing elastomer is used for sealing, thereby preventing gas and liquid from leaking. The internal cooling cutting tool can be widely applied to the processing conditions of water-based, emulsion, oil-based and other cutting fluids under micro-lubrication.

In this embodiment, the gas channel 32 of the tesla valve has the same depth as the liquid channel 31, and the width of the gas channel is set according to parameters such as viscosity and flow rate of the cutting fluid for providing a specific thrust.

In this embodiment, the cross-sectional dimension of the sealing elastic body 5 in the compressed state is not larger than the cross-sectional dimensions of the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4, so that the sealing elastic body 5 is prevented from being compressed to protrude out of the gap between the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4 in the clamped state.

In this embodiment, a height-fixing gasket 7 is further disposed between the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4, the height-fixing gasket 7 is embedded in the sealing elastic body 5, and the height of the sealing elastic body 5 in a free state is greater than the height of the height-fixing gasket 7. The purpose of the setting of the height-determining shim 7 is: the height of the sealing elastic body 5 is uncertain in a clamping state, the height of the sealing elastic body 5 which is clamped too tightly is small, the clamping is too loose, and the height of the sealing elastic body 5 is large, so that the overall height of a cutter body formed by the upper split body 3, the lower split body 4 and the sealing elastic body 5 is uncertain, the cutter seat of the cutter cannot be installed in an adaptive mode, after the height-fixing gasket 7 is arranged, the height of the height-fixing gasket 7 is unchanged no matter how large the clamping force is, the height of the upper split body 3 and the height of the lower split body 4 are unchanged, the total height of the cutter body is unchanged, the height of the cutter body is made to be the same as the height of an ISO cutter, the cutter seat is adaptive to a standard cutter seat, and interchangeability is improved.

In this embodiment, the seal elastic body 5 is provided with the accommodation hole 51, and the height-fixing gasket 7 is provided in the accommodation hole 51. The height-fixing gaskets 7 are provided in plurality, and each height-fixing gasket 7 is a circular sheet structure with the same height. It should be noted that, in addition to the present embodiment, the height-fixing gasket 7 may have a rectangular structure.

In this embodiment, the upper split body 3 and the lower split body 4 are connected by a locking member. The locking piece is a locking bolt 8, and the locking bolts 8 are arranged in a plurality. The lower split body 4 is provided with a mounting hole 41, the height-fixing gasket 7 is provided with a through hole 71, the lower end surface of the upper split body 3 is provided with a threaded hole 34, and the threaded part of the locking bolt 8 sequentially penetrates through the mounting hole 41 and the through hole 71 to be in locking fit with the threaded hole 34. The mounting hole 41 is a counter bore, a counter bore counter sink is positioned on the lower end face of the lower split body 4, and the head of the locking bolt 8 is positioned in the counter bore counter sink. The structure realizes clamping and locking of the upper split body 3, the lower split body 4, the height-fixed gasket 7 and the sealing elastic body 5, and also limits the height-fixed gasket 7, and meanwhile, the cutter body cannot be exposed at two ends of the locking bolt 8, so that the installation of the cutter body cannot be hindered, and meanwhile, the whole cutter body is attractive. The through hole 71 of the height-fixing washer 7 is not smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the connecting bolt.

In this embodiment, the upper end surface of the upper split body 3 is provided with an extraction passage 35, the nozzle 6 is located in the extraction passage 35, and the extraction passage 35 is connected with the gas-liquid outlet 33. The cutting fluid is generally not selected to be a jet outlet in the blade 1 due to the difficulty of machining.

In this embodiment, the inlet of the liquid passage 31 is provided with a first threaded pipe 91, and the first threaded pipe 91 is in threaded connection with the inlet of the liquid passage 31. The inlet of the gas passage 32 of the Tesla valve is provided with a second threaded pipe 92, and the second threaded pipe 92 is in threaded connection with the inlet of the gas passage 32 of the Tesla valve. The pipe thread structure ensures that the problems of liquid leakage and the like can not occur after long-term use. Because the upper part-body 3 and the lower part-body 4 are designed separately, the inlet of the liquid channel 31 is divided into three parts, one part is on the upper part-body 3, one part is on the lower part-body 4, and the other part is on the sealing elastic body 5, and similarly, the inlet of the gas channel 32 of the tesla valve is also divided into three parts.

In this embodiment, the upper end surface of the upper split body 3 is provided with a mounting groove 36, the insert 1 is mounted in the mounting groove 36, and the fastening member 2 is preferably a fastening screw.

Example 2

The internally cooled cutting tool of the present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:

in this embodiment, the upper split 3 and the lower split 4 are fixedly connected by welding, and are not detachably connected by the locking bolt 8, that is, after assembly, the upper split 3 and the lower split 4 are welded, so that the strength of the cutter body can be improved.

The rest parts which are not described are basically the same as the embodiment 1, and the description is omitted.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internal cooling cutting tool, includes cutter body, blade (1) and fastener (2), its characterized in that: the cutter body comprises an upper split body (3), a lower split body (4), a sealing elastic body (5) and a locking piece, wherein the sealing elastic body (5) is arranged between the upper split body (3) and the lower split body (4) and clamped and locked by the upper split body (3) and the lower split body (4), the blade (1) is installed on the upper split body (3) through a fastening piece (2), a liquid channel (31) and a Tesla valve gas channel (32) are arranged on the lower end face of the upper split body (3), the sealing elastic body (5) can seal the liquid channel (31) and the Tesla valve gas channel (32) when being compressed, an inlet of the liquid channel (31) and an inlet of the Tesla valve gas channel (32) are mutually independent, an outlet of the liquid channel (31) and an outlet of the Tesla valve gas channel (32) are intersected to form a gas-liquid outlet (33), a nozzle (6) facing the blade (1) is arranged on the upper split body (3), and the nozzle (6) is communicated with the gas-liquid outlet (33).

2. The internally cooled cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein: a height-fixing gasket (7) is further arranged between the upper split body (3) and the lower split body (4), the height-fixing gasket (7) is embedded in the sealing elastic body (5), and the height of the sealing elastic body (5) in a free state is larger than that of the height-fixing Gao Dianpian (7).

3. The internally cooled cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein: the sealing elastic body (5) is provided with a containing hole (51), and the height-fixing gasket (7) is arranged in the containing hole (51).

4. The internally cooled cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein: the upper split body (3) is connected with the lower split body (4) through a locking piece.

5. The internally cooled cutting tool according to claim 4, wherein: the retaining member is locking bolt (8), components of a whole that can function independently (4) are equipped with mounting hole (41) down, level spacer (7) are equipped with perforation (71), the lower terminal surface of going up components of a whole that can function independently (3) has screw hole (34), the screw thread portion of locking bolt (8) passes mounting hole (41) and perforation (71) and screw hole (34) locking cooperation in proper order.

6. The internally cooled cutting tool of claim 5, wherein: the mounting hole (41) is a counter bore, a counter sink of the counter bore is positioned on the lower end face of the lower split body (4), and the head of the locking bolt (8) is positioned in the counter sink of the counter bore.

7. The internally cooled cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the upper end face of the upper split body (3) is provided with a leading-out channel (35), the nozzle (6) is located in the leading-out channel (35), and the leading-out channel (35) is connected with a gas-liquid outlet (33).

8. The internally cooled cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the inlet of the liquid channel (31) is provided with a first threaded pipe (91), and the first threaded pipe (91) is in threaded connection with the inlet of the liquid channel (31).

9. The internally cooled cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: and a second threaded pipe (92) is arranged at the inlet of the gas channel (32) of the Tesla valve, and the second threaded pipe (92) is in threaded connection with the inlet of the gas channel (32) of the Tesla valve.

10. The internal cooling cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the upper end face of the upper split body (3) is provided with an installation groove (36), and the blade (1) is installed in the installation groove.