CN113857299A - Screw rod straightening device and method - Google Patents
Screw rod straightening device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113857299A CN113857299A CN202110977390.8A CN202110977390A CN113857299A CN 113857299 A CN113857299 A CN 113857299A CN 202110977390 A CN202110977390 A CN 202110977390A CN 113857299 A CN113857299 A CN 113857299A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001149 41xx steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/10—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts between rams and anvils or abutments
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a screw rod straightening device and a straightening method, wherein a screw rod is clamped at a screw rod placing hole (6), the clamped screw rod straightening device is placed under a hydraulic machine and fixed, the hydraulic machine is adjusted to a proper pressure scale through a test, so that the pressure is completely pressed on a plane, the straightening of the screw rod is completed, the problem of straightness of a slender screw rod is solved, and the slender screw rod can be ensured to have higher straightness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of screw rod straightening, in particular to a straightening clamp for a slender screw rod with higher precision requirement.
Background
The screw rod is a device for converting rotary motion into linear motion, is widely applied to equipment transmission mechanisms, and has high requirements on linearity.
The existing screw rod straightening tool is realized by placing a screw rod on two V-shaped blocks and by a method of which side is not directly pressed, and the existing screw rod straightening tool only has local straightening for the whole screw rod and can cause great change of the periphery; and it can't use great force, because its middle is unsettled, the too big power can make it crooked, but too little power can make it bounce again, can't reach the alignment effect. Therefore, the problem of integral straightening of the long and thin screw rod with high requirements is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a screw rod straightening device and a straightening method, which are used for improving the straightness of a slender screw rod. In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a lead screw straightening device is of a cuboid structure, a lead screw placing hole and a straight groove are arranged in a penetrating mode along the length direction of the lead screw straightening device, the straight groove penetrates through the circle center of the lead screw placing hole and is horizontally arranged, a hole structure is arranged on one side of the straight groove, and the hole structure is communicated with the straight groove; a step structure is arranged at the top end of the screw rod straightening device along the direction parallel to the screw rod placing hole, and a threaded hole is also formed right below the screw rod placing hole; a plurality of square grooves are uniformly distributed around the screw rod placing hole and communicated with the screw rod placing hole.
Further, the higher face of stair structure is located the upper end that the hole was placed to the lead screw.
Further, the number of the square grooves 4 is two.
Furthermore, the material of the screw rod straightening device is 42 CrMo.
Further, the outer surface of the screw rod straightening device is machined through a numerical control milling machine, then a screw rod placing hole, a straight groove and a hole structure are formed through slow wire cutting, and finally a bench drill is used for punching to form a threaded hole.
Further, the screw rod straightening method adopting the screw rod straightening device comprises the following steps:
1) a screw is arranged at the threaded hole of the screw rod straightening device or a blocking piece is fixed through the screw;
2) clamping the screw rod at the screw rod placing hole, and pushing the screw rod to a screw or a blocking piece;
3) placing the clamped screw rod straightening device under a hydraulic press and fixing the screw rod straightening device;
4) the hydraulic machine is adjusted to a proper pressure scale through tests, so that the pressure is completely pressed on a plane, and the straightening of the screw rod is completed;
5) and (5) carrying out straightness detection on the straightened screw rod by marking a meter.
Further, the method for calculating the pressure of the hydraulic machine in the step 4) is as follows:
41) detecting the screw rod, finding out the maximum initial bending deformation y of the screw rod, and then calculating the force required by the screw rod and the clamp to achieve deformation according to the formula (1);
wherein: y-bending deflection, unit m, P-external force load, unit Pa.m2L-elastic deformation zoneLength, unit m, E-Young's modulus, unit Pa, I-section moment of inertia, unit m4;
42) Calculating the force required by the screw rod to achieve deformation: when the cross section is circular, the formula of the inertia moment of the cross section isWherein: d-diameter, in m; calculating the force required by the screw rod to achieve deformation according to the formula (1);
43) calculating the force required by the fixture to achieve deformation: when the cross section is rectangular, the formula of the inertia moment of the cross section isWherein: b is the section width in m, h is the section height in m; calculating the force required by the clamp to achieve deformation according to the formula (1);
44) calculating the pressure required by the hydraulic machine: adding the force required by the screw rod to achieve deformation and the force required by the clamp to achieve deformation to obtain the force required by the hydraulic machine, according to a pressure formula:wherein: f-pressure, unit Pa.m2S, converting the area of a contact surface in unit m to obtain the pressure P required by the hydraulic press in unit Pa;
45) and directly pressing down according to the calculated pressure regulation value during straightening.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the screw rod straightening device is matched with the hydraulic machine for use, and the screw rod straightening device also has higher strength, so that the problem that the screw rod straightening device can not be pressed down due to the fact that the screw rod straightening device is only pressed by hands or a simple stress device applies pressure is avoided, and the aim of effective straightening is fulfilled.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the screw straightening device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the screw straightening device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a screw rod placing hole structure of the screw rod straightening device.
Wherein the reference numerals mean:
1. stair structure, 2, screw hole, 3, pore structure, 4, square groove, 5, straight line groove, 6, lead screw place the hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a lead screw straightening device has a rectangular main body, and a lead screw placing hole 6 and a straight groove 5 are arranged along the length direction of the lead screw straightening device in a penetrating manner, wherein the lead screw placing hole 6 is used for placing a lead screw during lead screw straightening; the straight groove 5 penetrates through the circle center of the lead screw placing hole 6 and is horizontally arranged, and the straight groove 5 enables the lead screw straightening device to finish pressing and straightening the lead screw. 5 one side of a word groove runs through the side of lead screw coalignment, and the opposite side is provided with porose structure 3, and through porose structure 3 and 5 intercommunications of a word groove to ensure that there is a better bending force when lead screw coalignment atress pushes down.
The top of lead screw coalignment is provided with stair structure 1 along the direction of placing hole 6 parallel with the lead screw, the higher face of stair structure 1 is located the upper end that hole 6 was placed to the lead screw, through stair structure 6's setting for the power of hydraulic press only is used in one side of lead screw coalignment clamping lead screw during the lead screw alignment, and does not act on the whole face in upper portion of lead screw coalignment, makes the lead screw can obtain better pressure. And a threaded hole 2 is further formed right below the screw rod placing hole 6, the threaded hole 2 is used for mounting a screw, or a blocking piece is fixed through a screw, so that the screw rod is supported in an auxiliary mode when being mounted on the screw rod straightening device, and the screw rod is guaranteed to be kept aligned at the same position constantly in the clamping process.
As shown in fig. 3, evenly distributed has a plurality of square grooves 4 around the lead screw placing hole 6, and square groove 4 places hole 6 intercommunication with the lead screw, and specific square groove 4's quantity is 4, and four square grooves 4 set up around the circle, guarantee the lead screw and receive the parcel lead screw that pressure in-process lead screw coalignment device can be better, also increase its durability.
The screw rod straightening device is mainly processed by firstly processing the outer surface through a numerical control milling machine, then cutting holes and groove positions through a slow-moving wire, and finally drilling threaded holes through a bench drill.
The material can be 42CrMo, and the material has high strength and toughness, higher fatigue limit and multiple impact resistance after quenching and tempering, and good low-temperature impact toughness. The stability can be kept for a long time in the using process, and the service life is long; the clamp cannot be made of a brittle material, and a material with good toughness is used, so that the situation that the clamp cannot rebound in the straightening process is prevented, and the straightening is prevented.
Further, the process of straightening the screw rod comprises the following steps:
1. a screw is arranged at the threaded hole 2 of the screw rod straightening device or a blocking piece is fixed through the screw;
2. clamping a screw rod at the screw rod placing hole 6, and pushing the screw rod to a screw or a blocking piece;
3. placing the clamped screw rod straightening device under a hydraulic press and fixing the screw rod straightening device;
4. the hydraulic machine is adjusted to a proper pressure scale through tests, so that the pressure is completely pressed on a plane, and the straightening of the screw rod is completed;
5. and (5) carrying out straightness detection on the straightened screw rod by marking a meter.
The detection of the straightness accuracy can comprise the following specific processes: firstly, a screw rod is erected on two V-shaped blocks, then a pointer of a dial indicator is replaced by a flat-bottom type pointer, so that the influence of threads on measurement is avoided, and then the pointer is placed on a part to be measured of the screw rod and is moved to see the change of the pointer of a dial plate; or directly put the lead screw on the marble platform, then select the corresponding slice of straightness accuracy that needs to satisfy with the clearance gauge, judge whether the straightness accuracy is up to standard through the lower stopper of lead screw.
Further, the stress condition of the screw rod in the clamp is as follows: mainly receives the gravity of the self, the pressure brought by the hydraulic press and the supporting force given by the clamp.
Straightening principle of the screw rod: after the screw rod is placed in the special fixture, the load block of the hydraulic press is placed above the fixture to apply a downward pressure to the load block, and the fixture is provided with a cutting groove, so that the load block can hold the screw rod tightly to fix the load block when stressed. The straightening effect is achieved by keeping the balance of the applied pressure, the self gravity and the supporting force given by the clamp.
The straightening of lead screw is through making the part produce plastic deformation and reach the alignment purpose, and the mechanics of materials is elastic, only the flat section hypothesis, and stress strain just linear distribution, and the formula can only be established. When analyzing such structures, the Bernoulli plane assumption is generally used to simplify the structure into a one-dimensional problem, and the deformation condition is determined by only one degree of freedom of deflection.
Firstly, a screw rod needs to be detected, the maximum initial bending deformation y of the screw rod is found, and then the force required by the screw rod and the clamp to achieve the required deformation is calculated according to the formula (1):namely, it is
Wherein: y is bending deformation, P is external force load, L is elastic deformation zone length, E is Young modulus, and I is section inertia moment.
Example (c): the lead screw diameter 8mm, lead screw deformation zone length L equals 100mm, and the bending deformation volume of lead screw and anchor clamps all is 0.3mm, and the lead screw material is stainless steel, and anchor clamps material 42CrMo, anchor clamps atress cross-section are the rectangle, wide 100mm, high 16 mm.
Force required for the screw to deform: the material is stainless steel, so the Young modulus is 200GPa, namely 2x10^11 Pa; when the cross section is circular, the formula of the inertia moment of the cross section isWherein: d is the diameter;
the diameter of the screw rod is 8mm, and the section inertia moment is 64 pi;
from equation (1) the force required to achieve the desired deformation of the screw can be calculated to be 579N.
Force required to deform the clamp: the material is 42CrMo, so the Young modulus is 206GPa, namely 2.06x10^11 Pa;
Wherein: b is the section width, h is the section height; from equation (1) the force required to achieve the desired deformation of the clamp can be calculated to be 101253N.
In summary, the force required by the hydraulic press is 101832N, since our hydraulic press shows the unit of MPa, and the area of the pressure surface of the clamp is 35x100 ^ 3500mm ^2 ^ 0.0035m ^2, according to the pressure formula:
Finally, the required pressure of the liquid press is 29094857Pa, namely 29.1 MPa. The numerical depression can then be adjusted directly in accordance with the calculated pressure during alignment.
The screw rod straightening device is matched with a hydraulic machine for use, and the screw rod straightening device also has higher strength, so that the problem that the screw rod straightening device cannot be pressed down possibly only by pressing with hands or applying pressure through a simple stress device is solved, and the aim of effective straightening is fulfilled.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present teachings, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the present teachings, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a lead screw coalignment, its main part is the cuboid structure, follows lead screw coalignment's length direction runs through and is provided with the lead screw and places hole (6) and straight line groove (5), the centre of a circle and the level setting that hole (6) were placed to straight line groove (5) run through the lead screw, its characterized in that: one side of the straight groove (5) extends to the end face of the screw rod straightening device, the other side of the straight groove is provided with a hole structure (3), and the hole structure (3) is communicated with the straight groove (5); the top end of the screw rod straightening device is provided with a step structure (1), the extending direction of the step structure (1) is parallel to the extending direction of the screw rod placing hole (6), and a threaded hole (2) is formed right below the screw rod placing hole (6); a plurality of square grooves (4) are uniformly distributed around the screw rod placing hole (6), and the square grooves (4) are communicated with the screw rod placing hole (6).
2. A screw straightening device according to claim l, characterised in that: the higher surface of the step structure (1) is positioned at the upper ends of the screw rod placing hole (6) and the straight groove (5).
3. The screw straightening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the square grooves (4) is 4.
4. The screw straightening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the screw rod straightening device is made of 42 CrMo.
5. The screw straightening device according to claim 4, wherein: the machining process of the screw rod straightening device comprises the steps of firstly machining the outer surface through a numerical control milling machine, then cutting the outer surface through a slow-moving wire to form the screw rod placing hole (6), the straight groove (5) and the hole structure (3), and finally punching the hole through a bench drill to form the threaded hole (2).
6. A lead screw straightening method using the lead screw straightening device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) a screw is arranged at the threaded hole (2) of the screw rod straightening device or a blocking piece is fixed through the screw;
2) clamping the screw rod at the screw rod placing hole (6), and pushing the screw rod to a screw or a blocking piece;
3) placing the clamped screw rod straightening device under a hydraulic press and fixing the screw rod straightening device;
4) the hydraulic machine is adjusted to a proper pressure scale through tests, so that the pressure is completely pressed on a plane, and the straightening of the screw rod is completed;
5) and (5) carrying out straightness detection on the straightened screw rod by marking a meter.
7. The lead screw straightening method of the lead screw straightening device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the calculation steps of the pressure required by the hydraulic machine in the step 4) are as follows:
41) detecting the screw rod, finding out the maximum initial bending deformation y of the screw rod, and then calculating the force required by the screw rod and the clamp to achieve deformation according to the formula (1);
wherein: y-bending deflection, unit m, P-external force load, unit Pa.m2L-length of elastically deformable region, unit m, E-Young's modulus, unit Pa, I-moment of inertia of section, unit m4;
42) Calculating the force required by the screw rod to achieve deformation: when the cross section is circular, the formula of the inertia moment of the cross section isWherein: d-diameter, in m; calculating the force required by the screw rod to achieve deformation according to the formula (1);
43) calculating the force required by the fixture to achieve deformation: has a cross section ofWhen the rectangle is formed, the formula of the section inertia moment isWherein: b is the section width in m, h is the section height in m; calculating the force required by the clamp to achieve deformation according to the formula (1);
44) calculating the pressure required by the hydraulic machine: adding the force required by the screw rod to achieve deformation and the force required by the clamp to achieve deformation to obtain the force required by the hydraulic machine, according to a pressure formula:wherein: f-pressure, unit Pa.m2S, converting the area of a contact surface in unit m to obtain the pressure P required by the hydraulic press in unit Pa;
45) and directly pressing down according to the calculated pressure regulation value during straightening.
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