CN113856833A - Method for efficiently recovering metal aluminum from aluminum ash - Google Patents
Method for efficiently recovering metal aluminum from aluminum ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN113856833A CN113856833A CN202111143460.6A CN202111143460A CN113856833A CN 113856833 A CN113856833 A CN 113856833A CN 202111143460 A CN202111143460 A CN 202111143460A CN 113856833 A CN113856833 A CN 113856833A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/18—Drum screens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
- C22B21/0069—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash, which comprises the steps of pre-screening the aluminum ash by adopting a 20-mesh screen, placing a + 20-mesh component and a ball-milling auxiliary agent containing quicklime and fly ash in a protective atmosphere for ball-milling treatment, then screening by adopting three-layer roller screens of 20 meshes, 100 meshes and 200 meshes, screening the-20-mesh component by adopting double-layer roller screens of 100 meshes and 200 meshes to obtain + 20-mesh aluminum particles, + 100-20-mesh aluminum particles, + 200-100-mesh aluminum particles and-200-mesh residual ash, wherein the + 20-mesh aluminum particles can be used as a recycled aluminum industrial raw material, the + 100-20-mesh aluminum particles and + 200-100-mesh aluminum particles can be used as a steel slag promoter raw material in a steel smelting process, the-200-mesh residual ash can be used as an auxiliary material for producing cement, and the method has high recovery rate of the metallic aluminum of the aluminum ash, and the method is simple to operate, low in production cost and good in environmental, economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash, in particular to a method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash by a pure mechanical means combining ball milling with multi-stage screening, belonging to the field of metal regeneration and comprehensive recovery and utilization of hazardous wastes.
Background
10-20% of aluminum ash can be formed when one ton of primary aluminum or secondary aluminum is produced in the production and processing processes of the primary aluminum and the secondary aluminum, the yield of electrolytic aluminum in China reaches 3708 ten thousand tons in 2020, and the capacity of the secondary aluminum reaches 765 ten thousand tons, so that the aluminum ash generated in China each year can be indirectly and approximately calculated to reach more than 500 ten thousand tons.
The aluminum ash slag is mainly divided into primary aluminum ash slag and secondary aluminum ash slag, the phases of the primary aluminum ash slag and the secondary aluminum ash slag are basically the same, and the largest difference is the content of metal aluminum. The primary aluminum ash contains 40-80% of metallic aluminum and 5-30% of aluminum nitride, and the secondary aluminum ash contains 15-35% of metallic aluminum and 10-30% of aluminum nitride. The metal aluminum is very easy to oxidize in the air, so that the surface of metal aluminum particles in the aluminum ash can be coated with a layer of compact oxide film; when the air humidity is high, the metal aluminum reacts with water to generate hydrogen. Aluminum nitride is unstable in air and reacts with oxygen and water, and the reaction equation is 4AlN(s) +3O2(g)＝2Al2O3(s)+2N2(g)、4AlN(s)+7O2(g)＝2Al2O3(s)+4NO2(g)、 4AlN(s)+5O2(g)＝2Al2O3(s)+4NO(g)、4AlN(s)+4O2(g)＝2Al2O3(s)+2N2O(g)、 AlN(s)+3H2O(g)＝Al(OH)3(s)+2NH3(g) In that respect The aluminum nitride reacts with oxygen to generate trace nitrogen oxide which is harmful to human body and reacts with H20 is slowly reacted at normal temperature, but ammonia gas is continuously generated, so that a sharp ammonia smell is required to be smelled in the aluminum ash stacking and processing workshop, and the long-term stacking of the aluminum ash is forbidden in China.
At present, the recovery of metallic aluminum in aluminum ash slag is mainly based on a mechanical grinding sieve, but due to the imperfect mechanical grinding sieving system, the recovery rate of the metallic aluminum is only about 80%, about 20% of the metallic aluminum is oxidized and lost in the ball milling process, and fine-fraction metallic aluminum particles exist in the fine-fraction aluminum ash, so that the recovery efficiency of the metallic aluminum is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash, which adopts a pure mechanical combined process of a double-shaft equal-thickness vibrating screen, a horizontal cylindrical ball mill, a three-layer rotary screen, a double-shaft equal-thickness vibrating screen and a double-layer rotary screen, reduces the loss caused by oxidation, ball milling and screening in the process of recovering the metallic aluminum from the aluminum ash, realizes the efficient separation and recovery of the metallic aluminum from the aluminum ash, and performs grading recovery on components with different metallic aluminum contents to serve different purposes, thereby realizing the maximum resource utilization of the aluminum ash.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for efficiently recovering metal aluminum from aluminum ash, which comprises the steps of pre-screening the aluminum ash by a vibrating screen to obtain a component with a particle size of +20 meshes and a component with a particle size of-20 meshes; after the + 20-mesh component and a ball-milling auxiliary agent are subjected to ball-milling treatment in a protective atmosphere, screening by adopting a three-layer drum screen to obtain + 20-mesh aluminum particles, + 100-20-mesh aluminum particles, + 200-100-mesh aluminum particles and-200-mesh residual ash, and screening the-20-mesh component by adopting a double-layer drum screen to obtain + 100-20-mesh aluminum particles, + 200-100-mesh aluminum particles and-200-mesh residual ash; the ball milling auxiliary agent comprises quicklime and fly ash.
In the prior art, the recovery rate of the metal aluminum in the aluminum ash is about 80%, one part of the reasons lies in that the metal aluminum is lost in the grinding process of the metal aluminum, and the other part lies in that the loss of the metal aluminum is caused by the overlarge aperture of the screen in the screening process of the metal aluminum, so that the recovery rate of extracting the metal aluminum in the aluminum ash is low, and the resource waste is caused. The technical scheme of the invention adopts a process of combining one-time ball milling with multi-stage screening, reduces the difficulty and loss of separation caused by excessive crushing of aluminum particles by reducing the number of ball milling times, simultaneously adopts inert gas protection in the ball milling process, can prevent the oxidation loss of metal aluminum in the ball milling process, and adopts a special ball milling auxiliary agent to prevent the aluminum loss and harmful gas generation caused by the reaction of water with aluminum and aluminum nitride in the ball milling process. The screening process of the invention adopts the vibrating screen to pre-screen the aluminum ash, and the aluminum ash with the grain diameter of-20 meshes is preferably separated, so that the abrasion to the metal aluminum is reduced, and the recovery rate of the metal aluminum is improved; meanwhile, the pressure of the ball mill can be reduced, the ball milling efficiency can be improved, the aluminum ash slag with the particle size of +20 meshes is subjected to ball milling and then is screened by a three-layer screen with a special mesh, and meanwhile, the aluminum ash slag with the particle size of-20 meshes is directly subjected to special mesh screen classification, so that the aluminum ash slag is classified into aluminum particles with the particle size of +20 meshes, +100 to-20 meshes, +200 to-100 meshes and residual ash slag with the particle size of-200 meshes according to the difference of the aluminum content, the residual amount of metallic aluminum in the residual ash slag with the particle size of-200 meshes is low, and the aluminum particles with different aluminum contents can be applied in different fields, so that the aluminum ash slag is comprehensively utilized, and the recycling rate of aluminum is improved.
As a preferable scheme, the ball-milling auxiliary agent is prepared from 60-80% of quicklime and fly ash by mass percent: 20 to 40 percent. The ball milling auxiliary agent is innovatively used on the basis of the characteristic that aluminum ash can react with water to release harmful gas, and the ball milling auxiliary agent can absorb water and a small amount of harmful gas generated in the ball milling process. The quick lime has strong water absorption, the fly ash particles are in a porous honeycomb structure, the specific surface area is large, the adsorption activity is high, the particle size range of the particles is 0.5-300 mu m, the bead walls have a porous structure, the porosity is as high as 50% -80%, the water absorption is strong, the water absorption performance can be obviously improved by combining the fly ash and the quick lime, the reaction of aluminum nitride and water to generate ammonia gas can be better inhibited, the environment is friendly, and even a small amount of ammonia gas inevitably generated can be adsorbed by the fly ash. However, the proportion of the fly ash cannot be too high, because oxides of silicon, iron and titanium contained in the fly ash can negatively influence the-200-mesh aluminum ash.
As a preferable scheme, the mass of the ball-milling auxiliary agent is 10-30% of the mass of the +20 mesh component. If the addition amount of the ball milling auxiliary agent is too low, the water absorption effect is reduced, the content of ammonia is too high, the ball milling efficiency is reduced due to too high content of the ammonia, and the industrial production is not facilitated.
In a preferred embodiment, the metal aluminum content of the + 20-mesh aluminum particles is greater than 75%, and the aluminum nitride content is less than 2%. The screened aluminum particles with the particle size of +20 meshes have high metal aluminum content and low aluminum nitride content, and can be directly used as a renewable aluminum industrial raw material.
As a preferable scheme, the metal aluminum content of the aluminum particles with the size of +100 to-20 meshes is more than 30 percent, and the aluminum nitride content is less than 5 percent. The steel slag accelerator used in the steel smelting process can be prepared by the moderate content of metal aluminum in aluminum particles with the size of +100 to-20 meshes.
As a preferable scheme, the metal aluminum content of the aluminum particles with the meshes of +200 to-100 is more than 14 percent, and the aluminum nitride content is less than 15 percent. The aluminum particles with the aluminum content of 200-100 meshes is relatively low, and can be used as ingredients to prepare the steel slag accelerator used in the steel smelting process.
As a preferable scheme, the content of metallic aluminum in the-200-mesh residual ash is lower than 3%, and the content of aluminum nitride is higher than 15%. The-200-mesh residual ash has low aluminum content and high aluminum nitride content, and can be used as an auxiliary material to be matched with a calcium source to produce calcium aluminate cement through oxidizing roasting.
As a preferable scheme, the ball milling treatment adopts a horizontal cylindrical ball mill.
As a preferred scheme, the conditions of the ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 15-50 r/min, corundum balls are used as a ball milling medium, the ball-material ratio (mass ratio) is 1: 1.0-1.5, and the ball milling time is 10-60 min. Excessive ball milling can cause excessive crushing of the aluminum particles and difficulty in separation, while insufficient ball milling can make it difficult to separate the aluminum particles from other aluminum-containing components and impurities.
As a preferred embodiment, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen and/or an inert gas, such as argon. Protective gas (nitrogen or argon) is introduced into the ball mill to serve as protective gas, so that the oxidation loss of metal aluminum in the ball milling process can be reduced, and explosion can be prevented.
The vibrating screen adopted by the invention is a double-shaft equal-thickness vibrating screen, and has the advantages that the screen surface adopts a fold line type with different inclination angles, the material layer thickness is unchanged or is increased gradually from the feeding end to the discharging end, and the moving speed of the material on the screen surface is decreased gradually. The equal-thickness screening method has the advantages that when the method is used for screening fine-grained (less than 25mm) materials, the blockage of screen holes can be reduced, the treatment capacity is high, the equipment configuration is convenient, and the occupied plant area is small.
The ball mill adopted by the invention is a horizontal cylindrical ball mill, and has the advantage that the ball mill comprises a feeding part, a discharging part, a rotary part, a transmission part and other main parts. The hollow shaft is made of cast steel, the lining can be detached and replaced, the rotary large gear is machined by cast hobbing, the cylinder is internally embedded with a wear-resistant lining plate made of corundum, the wear-resistant lining plate has good wear resistance, operates stably, works reliably, the grinding body is cheap, is convenient to replace and has good operating conditions, the grinding is carried out in a closed machine, no dust flies, and inert gas can be filled into the grinding machine to replace air.
The rotary screen has the advantages that materials move from the high position to the bottom position and are finally screened through the screen mesh by rolling, the screening penetration rate is high, and the rotary screen is provided with the sealed isolation cover, so that the dust raising phenomenon cannot occur in the operation process; the double-layer sieve and the three-layer sieve have the advantages of increasing the sieving efficiency, reducing the sieving stages, and reducing the equipment investment and the operation and maintenance difficulty.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention takes industrial hazardous waste aluminum ash as raw material, the recovery rate of the metallic aluminum by a pure mechanical means reaches more than 95 percent, and the loss of the metallic aluminum reaches the lowest;
2) according to the invention, through reasonably utilizing the vibrating screen, the ball mill and the multi-layer rotary screen, the metal aluminum in the aluminum ash is subjected to granularity classification and resource utilization (melting aluminum and serving as a material of a steel slag accelerator), and-200-mesh residual ash is used as an auxiliary material for preparing cement.
3) The ball milling auxiliary agent used in the ball milling process of the aluminum ash can absorb water, reduce the reaction loss of aluminum and water in the ball milling process and absorb a small amount of harmful gas generated in the ball milling process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum dross in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present disclosure, but not to limit the scope of the claims.
In order to further illustrate the method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum dross, and to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the following detailed description will be given of the method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum dross according to the invention, with reference to the preferred embodiments, the structure, the features and the effects thereof. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The method for recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the flow chart of FIG. 1:
comparative example 1
Taking aluminum ash slag (containing 32.41% of metallic aluminum and 15.18% of aluminum nitride) generated by a certain regenerated aluminum plant as a raw material, firstly putting the aluminum ash slag into a vibrating screen with 20 meshes of sieve holes to obtain aluminum ash on the sieve and aluminum ash under the sieve; putting the sieved aluminum slag into a ball mill at the rotating speed of 30r/min and the ball-to-material ratio of 1 for 30min, introducing nitrogen for protection in the ball milling process, and putting the ball-milled material into a three-layer drum sieve for sieving to obtain aluminum particles with +20 meshes (the content of aluminum metal is 70.11%, the content of aluminum nitride is 1.98%), +100 to-20 meshes (the content of aluminum metal is 31.58%, the content of aluminum nitride is 4.32%), +200 to-100 meshes (the content of aluminum metal is 12.37%, the content of aluminum nitride is 10.94%), -200 meshes of residual aluminum slag (the content of aluminum metal is 3.42%, and the content of aluminum nitride is 17.49%); directly feeding the materials below the vibrating screen into a double-layer rotary screen for screening to obtain aluminum particles with the sizes of +100 to-20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 36.88 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 6.43 percent), aluminum particles with the sizes of +200 to-100 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 13.93 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 15.42 percent), and residual aluminum slag with the sizes of 200 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 2.07 percent and the content of aluminum nitride is 21.47 percent); the calculated content of metallic aluminum in the final-200 residual aluminum slag and the loss of oxidation is 16.43 percent, namely the total recovery rate of the metallic aluminum is 83.57 percent, the loss of aluminum nitride is about 2.27 percent, and the field ammonia smell is larger.
Comparative example 2
Taking aluminum ash slag (containing 32.41% of metallic aluminum and 15.18% of aluminum nitride) generated by a certain regenerated aluminum plant as a raw material, firstly putting the aluminum ash slag into a vibrating screen with 20 meshes of sieve holes to obtain aluminum ash on the sieve and aluminum ash under the sieve; then, 20% of ball-milling auxiliary agent (comprising 80% of quicklime and 20% of fly ash) is added into the aluminum slag on the screen, the rotating speed is 8r/min, the ball-material ratio is 1, the ball-milling time is 30min, the ball-milled materials are put into a three-layer drum screen for screening, and aluminum particles with the sizes of +20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 64.59%, the content of aluminum nitride is 2.42%), +100 to-20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 29.87%, the content of aluminum nitride is 6.18%), +200 to-100 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 11.96%, the content of aluminum nitride is 12.01%), -200 meshes of residual aluminum slag (the content of metallic aluminum is 3.72%, and the content of aluminum nitride is 19.24%); directly feeding the materials below the vibrating screen into a double-layer rotary screen for screening to obtain aluminum particles with the sizes of +100 to-20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 37.40 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 6.97 percent), aluminum particles with the sizes of +200 to-100 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 14.44 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 16.07 percent), and residual aluminum slag with the sizes of-200 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 2.21 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 23.32 percent); the calculated content of metallic aluminum in the final-200 residual aluminum slag and the loss of oxidation is 21.34 percent, namely the total recovery rate of the metallic aluminum is 78.66 percent, the loss of aluminum nitride is about 6.27 percent, and the field ammonia smell is larger.
Comparative example 3
Taking aluminum ash slag (containing 32.41% of metallic aluminum and 15.18% of aluminum nitride) generated by a certain regenerated aluminum plant as a raw material, firstly putting the aluminum ash slag into a vibrating screen with 20 meshes of sieve holes to obtain aluminum ash on the sieve and aluminum ash under the sieve; then putting the sieved aluminum slag with 6 percent of ball-milling auxiliary agent (comprising 80 percent of quicklime and 20 percent of fly ash) into a ball mill, wherein the rotating speed is 30r/min, the ball-material ratio is 1, the ball-milling time is 30min, nitrogen protection is provided during the ball-milling process, the ball-milled material is put into a three-layer drum screen for screening, and aluminum particles with +20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 63.46 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 2.19 percent), aluminum particles with +100 to-20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 28.97 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 6.01 percent), aluminum particles with +200 to-100 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 12.07 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 12.42 percent), and residual aluminum slag with 200 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 3.21 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 19.87 percent) are obtained; directly feeding the materials below the vibrating screen into a double-layer rotary screen for screening to obtain aluminum particles with the sizes of +100 to-20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 36.99 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 7.03 percent), aluminum particles with the sizes of +200 to-100 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 14.20 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 16.32 percent), and residual aluminum slag with the sizes of-200 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 2.11 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 23.12 percent); the calculated content of the metallic aluminum in the final-200 residual aluminum slag and the loss of the oxidation is 19.77%, namely the total recovery rate of the metallic aluminum is 80.23%, the loss of the aluminum nitride is about 6.05%, and the field ammonia smell is larger.
Example 1
Taking aluminum ash slag (containing 32.41% of metallic aluminum and 15.18% of aluminum nitride) generated by a certain regenerated aluminum plant as a raw material, firstly putting the aluminum ash slag into a vibrating screen with 20 meshes of sieve holes to obtain aluminum ash on the sieve and aluminum ash under the sieve; then, adding 20% of ball-milling auxiliary agent (comprising 80% of quicklime and 20% of fly ash) into the aluminum slag on the screen, placing the mixture into a ball mill at the rotation speed of 30r/min and the ball-material ratio of 1 for ball-milling for 30min, using nitrogen as inert gas to protect metal aluminum and aluminum nitride, and placing the ball-milled material into a three-layer drum screen for screening to obtain aluminum particles with +20 meshes (the content of metal aluminum is 80.43%, and the content of aluminum nitride is 0.87%), +100 to-20 meshes (the content of metal aluminum is 43.38%, and the content of aluminum nitride is 3.72%), +200 to-100 meshes of residual aluminum slag (the content of metal aluminum is 15.46%, and the content of aluminum nitride is 9.43%), +200 to-100 meshes of residual aluminum slag (the content of metal aluminum is 3.12%, and the content of aluminum nitride is 15.32%); directly feeding materials below a vibrating screen into a double-layer rotary screen for screening to obtain aluminum particles with the sizes of + 100-20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 37.28 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 5.07 percent), residual aluminum slag with the sizes of + 200-100 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 14.43 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 14.12 percent), and residual aluminum slag with the sizes of 200 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 1.97 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 17.83 percent); the calculated content of metallic aluminum in the final-200 residual aluminum slag and the loss of oxidation is only 2.14 percent, namely the total recovery rate of the metallic aluminum is 97.86 percent, the loss of aluminum nitride is about 0.43 percent, and the site has almost no ammonia odor.
Example 2
Taking aluminum ash slag (containing 32.41% of metallic aluminum and 15.18% of aluminum nitride) generated by a certain regenerated aluminum plant as a raw material, firstly putting the aluminum ash slag into a vibrating screen with 20 meshes of sieve holes to obtain aluminum ash on the sieve and aluminum ash under the sieve; then, adding 20% of ball-milling auxiliary agent (comprising 75% of quicklime and 25% of fly ash) into the aluminum slag on the screen, placing the mixture into a ball mill at the rotation speed of 15r/min and the ball-material ratio of 1 for ball-milling for 30min, using nitrogen as inert gas to protect metal aluminum and aluminum nitride, and placing the ball-milled material into a three-layer drum screen for screening to obtain aluminum particles with +20 meshes (the content of metal aluminum is 82.35% and the content of aluminum nitride is 1.13%), +100 to-20 meshes (the content of metal aluminum is 44.17% and the content of aluminum nitride is 3.97%), +200 to-100 meshes (the content of metal aluminum is 16.78% and the content of aluminum nitride is 10.12%), +200 to-100 meshes of residual aluminum slag (the content of metal aluminum is 3.84% and the content of aluminum nitride is 16.32%); directly feeding the materials below the vibrating screen into a double-layer rotary screen for screening to obtain aluminum particles with + 100-20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 37.42 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 5.82 percent), aluminum particles with + 200-100 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 14.23 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 14.62 percent), and residual aluminum slag with 200 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 2.04 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 18.69 percent); the final-200 residual aluminum dross and the loss of metallic aluminum by oxidation were calculated to be 2.94%, i.e., the total recovery of metallic aluminum was 97.06% and the loss of aluminum nitride was about 0.52%.
Example 3
Taking aluminum ash slag (containing 32.41% of metallic aluminum and 15.18% of aluminum nitride) generated by a certain regenerated aluminum plant as a raw material, firstly putting the aluminum ash slag into a vibrating screen with 20 meshes of sieve holes to obtain aluminum ash on the sieve and aluminum ash under the sieve; putting the sieved aluminum slag into a ball mill at the rotating speed of 50r/min and the ball-material ratio of 1, carrying out ball milling for 30min, protecting metal aluminum and aluminum nitride by using nitrogen as inert gas, and sieving the ball-milled material by using a three-layer drum sieve to obtain aluminum particles with +20 meshes (the content of the metal aluminum is 76.47 percent and the content of the aluminum nitride is 1.52 percent), aluminum particles with +100 to-20 meshes (the content of the metal aluminum is 34.21 percent and the content of the aluminum nitride is 4.22 percent), aluminum particles with +200 to-100 meshes (the content of the metal aluminum is 12.95 percent and the content of the aluminum nitride is 10.47 percent), and residual aluminum slag with 200 meshes (the content of the metal aluminum is 3.02 percent and the content of the aluminum nitride is 16.95 percent); directly feeding the materials below the vibrating screen into a double-layer rotary screen for screening to obtain aluminum particles with the sizes of +100 to-20 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 37.52 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 5.87 percent), aluminum particles with the sizes of +200 to-100 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 14.29 percent, the content of aluminum nitride is 14.93 percent), and residual aluminum slag with the sizes of 200 meshes (the content of metallic aluminum is 2.12 percent, and the content of aluminum nitride is 20.84 percent); the final-200 residual aluminum dross and the loss of metallic aluminum by oxidation were calculated to be 3.75%, i.e., the overall recovery of metallic aluminum was 96.25%.
Claims (6)
1. A method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash is characterized by comprising the following steps: pre-screening the aluminum ash slag by using a vibrating screen to obtain a component with a particle size of +20 meshes and a component with a particle size of-20 meshes; after the + 20-mesh component and a ball-milling auxiliary agent are subjected to ball-milling treatment in a protective atmosphere, screening by adopting a three-layer drum screen to obtain + 20-mesh aluminum particles, + 100-20-mesh aluminum particles, + 200-100-mesh aluminum particles and-200-mesh residual ash, and screening the-20-mesh component by adopting a double-layer drum screen to obtain + 100-20-mesh aluminum particles, + 200-100-mesh aluminum particles and-200-mesh residual ash; the ball milling auxiliary agent comprises quicklime and fly ash.
2. The method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash according to claim 1, wherein: the ball milling auxiliary agent is prepared from 60-80% of quicklime and fly ash by mass percent: 20 to 40 percent.
3. The method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum dross as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the mass of the ball-milling auxiliary agent is 10-30% of that of the + 20-mesh component.
4. The method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash according to claim 1, wherein:
the metal aluminum content of the aluminum particles with the particle size of +20 meshes is more than 75 percent, and the aluminum nitride content is lower than 2.0 percent;
the metal aluminum content of the aluminum particles with the particle size of +100 to-20 meshes is more than 30 percent, and the aluminum nitride content is less than 5.0 percent;
the metal aluminum content of the aluminum particles with the particle size of +200 to-100 meshes is more than 14 percent, and the aluminum nitride content is less than 15 percent;
the content of metallic aluminum in the-200-mesh residual ash is lower than 3%, and the content of aluminum nitride is higher than 15%.
5. The method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash according to claim 1, wherein: the ball milling treatment adopts a horizontal cylindrical ball mill.
6. The method for efficiently recovering metallic aluminum from aluminum ash according to claim 1, wherein: the ball milling treatment conditions are as follows: the rotating speed is 15-50 r/min, corundum balls are used as ball milling media, and the ball-material ratio is 1: 1.0-1.5, and the ball milling time is 10-60 min.
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