CN113856460B - Method for purifying reductive tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling - Google Patents
Method for purifying reductive tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002552 Fe K Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyltin oxide Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus Chemical compound P12P3P1P32 OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010043417 Therapeutic response unexpected Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005292 diamagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/869—Multiple step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
- B01D53/8606—Removing sulfur compounds only one sulfur compound other than sulfur oxides or hydrogen sulfide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
- B01D53/8612—Hydrogen sulfide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8671—Removing components of defined structure not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8668
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/80—Type of catalytic reaction
- B01D2255/802—Photocatalytic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/308—Carbonoxysulfide COS
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/408—Cyanides, e.g. hydrogen cyanide (HCH)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/55—Compounds of silicon, phosphorus, germanium or arsenic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/814—Magnetic fields
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for purifying reductive tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Preparing a dual-function photocatalyst with magnetic response and optical response for later use; (2) Introducing the reducing tail gas into a gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with an external magnetic field of a bifunctional photocatalyst; (3) Under the illumination condition, H 2 O and O 2 Generating strong oxidizing substances to oxidize HCN and PH 3 And H 2 S, carrying out photocatalysis reaction; (4) HCN, COS and CS 2 And H is 2 O undergoes catalytic hydrolysis reaction; (5) H generated in the course of photocatalytic reaction 2 Part of O participates in catalytic hydrolysis reaction, and the rest part H 2 O is oxidized into OH by hole under the illumination condition and reacts with H generated in the process of catalytic hydrolysis reaction 2 S continues to participate in the photocatalytic reaction. The invention combines photocatalysis and magnetic field, and can remove various pollutants in the reducing tail gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas treatment, in particular to a method for purifying reductive tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling.
Background
Reducing tail gas such as yellow phosphorus tail gas and airtight calcium carbide furnace tail gas contain various impurity gases, and the environment and human beings can be greatly harmed if the treatment is inadequately carried out. The yellow phosphorus tail gas will be described by way of example.
China is a large country for producing yellow phosphorus, has related data statistics, and has the production capacity of about 200 ten thousand t/a of yellow phosphorus, accounting for 85% of the global production capacity of yellow phosphorus; yellow phosphorus tail gas emission amount generated by yellow phosphorus production exceeds 20 hundred million m 3 And/a. The yellow phosphorus production tail gas contains rich CO of about 85% -95%, and small amount of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) and Phosphine (PH) 3 ) Hydrogen sulfide (H) 2 S), carbon disulfide (CS) 2 ) Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and arsine (AsH) 3 ) And toxic and harmful gases are generated, which can generate corrosion on industrial pipelines and equipment, such as unreasonable treatment of the gases, so that serious threat to the atmospheric environment and human health can be damaged.
The CO can synthesize various organic compounds having economic value, but in order to fully utilize CO in the reducing exhaust gas, it is necessary to purify the impurity gas therein. The HCN and PH in the yellow phosphorus tail gas are removed from the aspects of recycling and environmental protection 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 And COS are imperative. At present, the reducing tail gas simultaneously removes HCN and PH 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 The COS part has no ready-made technical proposal for reference in China, and under the national low emission standard requirement, the factory needs an environment-friendly, stable and good-effect removal process.
To date, HCN and PH in the reducing tail gas are removed 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 And methods of COS include a dry method (e.g., a molecular sieve method, a metal oxide method, an activated carbon method, etc.), a wet method (e.g., a chlorine water method, a concentrated sulfuric acid method, a sodium hypochlorite method, a liquid-phase catalytic oxidation method, etc.), and other methods (e.g., a combustion method, an electrolytic oxidation regeneration method, a biological method, a photocatalytic method, etc.).
The prior art CN101732962A discloses a method for purifying and removing PH from yellow phosphorus tail gas 3 、H 2 S, the specific operation method is as follows: filling proper porcelain rings in the alkaline washing unit; absorbent agentSpraying 5-30% (mass fraction) of alkali solution from the top of the tower, and refluxing the solution from the bottom into an alkali solution tank for recycling. In the catalytic oxidation unit, the oxidation reaction is carried out in 2 reactors, the reactors are filled with catalysts, the catalysts are noble metal palladium shovels on active carbon, tail gas is preheated to a certain temperature before entering the reactors, then enters from the bottom of the tower, and flows out from the top of the tower. However, in the actual production and application process, the pH is used 3 、H 2 The concentration of S is high, alkali solution needs to be replaced frequently, and noble metal is used as a catalyst, so that the investment and operation cost is too high.
The prior art CN104548926a discloses an organosulfur removal process by first treating a gas containing COS with an organosulfur hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrogen atmosphere to convert COS to H 2 S, then H is reacted under the action of desulfurizing agent 2 S is removed, thereby realizing the high-efficiency removal of sulfide. However, the process needs to be operated under high temperature and high pressure, has strict and complex operation conditions, high price and high cost.
The photocatalysis method is a special catalytic oxidation method, is a technology for removing pollutants, is a novel technology for purifying and treating the environment, and gradually becomes a recent research hot spot due to the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, higher purification rate and the like, and the catalyst has the characteristics of no toxicity, stability, reusability and the like. However, the disadvantage of low solar energy utilization limits its wide application in the field of gas purification.
At present, materials prepared by conventional methods are used for removing HCN and PH 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 And COS has the problems of low catalyst utilization rate, easy poisoning, poor selectivity, easy consumption of active components by CO and higher CO oxidation rate, and has not been seen in magnetic field and photocatalysis multi-effect coupling selective purification of HCN and PH in reducing tail gas 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 And COS.
Therefore, how to provide a method for purifying reducing exhaust gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method for purifying reducing exhaust gas by magnetic field-photocatalytic multi-effect coupling, which comprises purifying HCN and PH in reducing exhaust gas by magnetic field-assisted photocatalytic selective oxidation-hydrolysis coupling 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 And COS. Due to O 2 The paramagnetic property and the diamagnetism of CO in the reducing tail gas are promoted after the magnetic field is introduced, the adsorption of trace oxygen in the reducing tail gas on a magnetic active site is inhibited, the adsorption and the oxidization of CO on the active site are inhibited, the consumption of active components is reduced, and the CO can be recovered to the greatest extent.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for purifying reducing tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a dual-function photocatalyst with magnetic response and optical response for later use;
(2) Introducing the reducing tail gas into a gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with an external magnetic field of a bifunctional photocatalyst;
(3) Electrons in the valence band on the bifunctional photocatalyst (e - ) Will be excited to the conduction band and the valence band will generate holes (h + ) Thereby generating a hole-electron pair with high activity on the surface of the bifunctional photocatalyst, and generating a strong oxidizing substance by reacting with water molecules around the bifunctional photocatalyst, internal combined oxygen and surface adsorption oxygen, thereby oxidizing HCN and PH 3 And H 2 S generates photocatalysis reaction to generate phosphide and N 2 、H 2 O, sulfide or elemental sulfur are further thoroughly purified by the existing device;
(4) HCN, COS and CS in reducing tail gas 2 With H in the reducing tail gas 2 O undergoes catalytic hydrolysis reaction and is converted into CO and N after the reaction 2 、H 2 S and CO 2 ；
(5) H generated in the course of photocatalytic reaction 2 Part of O participates in catalytic hydrolysis reaction, and the rest part H 2 O is oxidized into OH by hole under the illumination condition and reacts with catalytic hydrolysisH generated in the journey 2 S continues to participate in the photocatalysis reaction, thus realizing virtuous circle.
The action mechanism of the magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling tail gas purification device is as follows:
the magnetic field has different effects on gases with different magnetism, and the invention utilizes O 2 Is paramagnetic gas, CO is diamagnetic gas, HCN and PH 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 The COS is paramagnetic gas, gas molecules with different magnetism generate different orientations, and the arrangement of the molecules and the orientation of the spin of electrons are different under the action of a magnetic field, so that the adsorption oxidation of CO can be inhibited, and the HCN and PH are promoted 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 And removal of COS.
The method comprises the following steps: adding a magnetic field generator on the gas-solid photocatalytic device, and under the combined action of illumination, catalyst and magnetic field, adding a catalyst to the gas-solid photocatalytic device containing HCN and PH 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 And COS reducing tail gas, which can inhibit the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs by using a magnetic field, and increase the residence time of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs on the surface of the catalyst, so that the free radicals with strong oxidizing property are increased, the aim of improving the photocatalysis efficiency is achieved, and HCN and PH are realized 3 、H 2 S、CS 2 And removal of COS and inhibition of CO oxidation.
The specific reaction equation is as follows:
Cat.+hv→TiO 2 +h + +e - ；H 2 O+h + →H + +·OH；OH — +h + →·OH；e - +O 2 →O 2 · — +H + →H 2 O；2HO 2 ·→H 2 O 2 +O 2 ；H 2 O 2 +O 2 · — →OH — +·OH+O 2 ；H 2 O 2 +hv→2·OH；h + +OH — →·OH；PH 3 +O 2 · — →P 2 O 5 +H 2 O→H 3 PO 4 ；PH 3 +·OH→P 2 O 5 +H 2 O→H 3 PO 4 ；H 2 S+O 2 · — →SO 4 2- ；H 2 S+·OH→SO 4 2- ；HCN+O 2 · — →N 2 +CO 2 +H 2 O；HCN+·OH→N 2 +CO 2 +H 2 O；HCN+H 2 O→N 2 +CO；CS 2 +Cat.→COS；COS+H 2 O→H 2 S+CO 2 ；CS 2 +COS+H 2 O+O 2 →SO 4 2- +CO。
in the method, the photocatalysis and magnetic field mainly utilizes the magnetic field to influence the arrangement of molecules and atoms and the electron spin mode and spin orientation so as to inhibit the recombination of photo-generated electron hole pairs, increase the residence time of the photo-generated electron hole pairs on the surface of the catalyst, increase the strong oxidizing substances such as hydroxyl free radicals and the like, and further improve the photocatalysis efficiency.
Further, in the step (1), the carrier of the bifunctional photocatalyst is Bi 2 O 3 Bismuth oxyhalide, aluminum oxide and TiO 2 At least one of perovskite, carbon nitride, and graphene oxide; the active component of the photocatalyst is at least one of ferric salt, cerium salt, cobalt salt, platinum salt, palladium salt, nickel salt, lanthanum salt, zirconium salt, copper salt, potassium salt and potash; the preparation method of the photocatalyst is a hydrothermal method, a coprecipitation method, a sol-gel method or an impregnation method.
Further, the bifunctional photocatalyst is TiO 2 La-Fe-K catalyst, fe-Co/BiOX catalyst, ag-GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 Catalysts or Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 A catalyst;
wherein, tiO 2 The preparation method of the La-Fe-K catalyst is a sol-gel method, and specifically comprises the following steps: dispersing 2-8mL TBOT into 100-300mL ethanol, and stirring until the mixture becomes transparent; then adding 0.1-0.5g La (NO) with the aid of strong magnetic stirring 3 ·6H 2 O、0.1-0.5g Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O and 0.1-0.5g KNO 3 Stirring for 5-30min, adding 28wt% ammonia water 2-10mL, deionized water 5-30mL and absolute ethanol 5-30mLThe reaction is continued for 24 hours at room temperature, and the obtained reaction product is washed by ethanol; finally calcining the reaction product at 800 ℃ for 2-5h to obtain the TiO 2 La-Fe-K catalyst;
the preparation method of the Fe-Co/BiOX catalyst is an impregnation method, and specifically comprises the following steps: weighing a certain amount of ferric nitrate and cobalt nitrate according to a stoichiometric ratio, dissolving in deionized water, adding a proper amount of BiOX, placing in a magnetic stirrer, stirring for 2-5h at 30-50 ℃, standing overnight, transferring to a round bottom flask, and spin-steaming at 40-80 ℃ until the water is completely evaporated to dryness by using a rotary evaporator to obtain catalyst precursor powder; then placing the catalyst precursor powder into a drying oven to be dried for 10-15 hours at 90-130 ℃, then heating to 600-900 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min to be baked for 2-5 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the Fe-Co/BiOX catalyst;
Ag-GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 the preparation method of the catalyst is a hydrothermal method, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing 0.01-0.1g of graphene oxide in 10-50mL of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 1-3 hours to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquid for later use; then 2.5-5gBi (NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O is dissolved in 5-10mL HNO with concentration of 1mol/L 3 In the solution, the solution is marked as A solution; adding 4.5-9g Na into 45-90mL deionized water 2 CO 3 And 0.5-1.0g CTAB, designated as liquid B; respectively stirring the solution A and the solution B until the solution A and the solution B are clear, and dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A to obtain Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 A suspension; bi is then added 2 O 2 CO 3 The suspension and the graphene oxide dispersion were mixed and stirred for 1-3 hours, and 30mL of Na having a mass of 1mmol was added thereto 2 WO 4 Stirring for 1-3 hr, transferring the obtained suspension into autoclave, maintaining at 180deg.C for 15-25 hr, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to collect precipitate, washing with deionized water, and oven drying at 80deg.C for 5-8 hr to obtain GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Proper amount of GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 Dispersing into 30-80mL deionized water, adding a certain amount of AgNO 3 Stirring the aqueous solution for 1-3h, transferring into an autoclave, maintaining at 180deg.C for 15-25h, filtering, washing, and drying at 60-100deg.C for 2-5h to obtain Ag-GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 A catalyst;
Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 the preparation method of the catalyst is a coprecipitation method, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, 2.5-5g Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 5H2O is dissolved in 5-10mL of HNO with the concentration of 1mol/L 3 In the solution, the solution is marked as a C solution; then adding a certain amount of Fe into the solution C 3 O 4 Powder, al 2 O 3 Mixing the powder with 5-10mL ammonia water, and stirring at 30deg.C for 30min; finally evaporating the obtained suspension to dryness at 60-80 ℃ to obtain Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 A catalyst.
Further, in the step (2), the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with the external magnetic field of the bifunctional photocatalyst comprises a shell, a U-shaped reaction chamber, a light source, a magnetic field generator, the bifunctional photocatalyst, an air inlet and an air outlet; wherein, the casing parcel is in the outside of U type reaction chamber, and the light source sets up between two risers of U type reaction chamber, and magnetic field generator sets up in the riser outside of U type reaction chamber, and bifunctional photocatalyst sets up in the riser inboard of U type reaction chamber, and air inlet and gas outlet set up respectively in two riser ends of U type reaction chamber.
Further, the light source is an ultraviolet lamp or a visible light lamp, the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 200-300nm, and the wavelength of the visible light lamp is 400-700nm.
Further, the magnet of the magnetic field generator is a permanent magnet, and the magnetic field strength is 10-130mT; the magnet is wrapped in the range of 1/4-1 of the reaction part.
Further, the pH at the inlet 3 The concentration is 10-1200mg/m 3 ，H 2 S concentration is 10-1100mg/m 3 COS concentration of 10-1000mg/m 3 ，CS 2 The concentration is 20-180mg/m 3 HCN concentration is 100-450mg/m 3 CO accounts for 90% of the total gas volume of the reducing tail gas.
Further, the concentration of the pollutants at the air outlet is less than 5mg/m 3 The oxidation rate of CO is less than 0.1%.
Further, in the step (2), the temperature of the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with the external magnetic field of the bifunctional photocatalyst is 20-100 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a method for selectively purifying phosphorus, sulfur and cyanogen in reducing tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling, which is characterized in that the reducing tail gas is introduced into a photocatalysis device with a magnetic field, and Phosphine (PH) in the reducing tail gas is removed by utilizing the combined action of photocatalysis and the magnetic field 3 ) Hydrogen sulfide (H) 2 S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS) 2 ) And Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN).
2. According to the invention, the reducing tail gas is introduced into the magnetic field to inhibit the recombination of photo-generated electron hole pairs, so that the existence time of free radicals is prolonged, and the adsorption and oxidization of CO are inhibited, thereby improving the purification performance of pollutants, reducing the consumption of active components and being beneficial to the recycling of CO.
3. The photocatalytic material has the advantages that the photocatalytic material itself has the function of generating highly active hole-electron pairs, so that hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide radical ion free radicals and hydrogen peroxide free radicals with strong oxidability can be generated with water and oxygen, the activity of the photocatalytic material responding to a magnetic field is further enhanced under the assistance of the magnetic field, and the selectivity is obviously improved.
4. The invention combines photocatalysis and magnetic field, can remove various pollutants in the reducing tail gas, has the advantages of mild reaction condition, simple process, energy conservation, environmental protection, strong oxidation-reduction capability, no need of additives, low investment and operation cost and the like, has magnetic assistance effect, prolongs the residence time of photo-generated carriers, and improves the selectivity of pollutants.
5. The invention effectively utilizes the water and oxygen in the reducing tail gas, does not need to add other gases, and has the advantages of low investment and simple operation; the structure is simple, and only the magnetic field generating device is needed to be added on the original photocatalysis reactor.
6. The oxidation rate of CO in the method is lower than 0.1%, and compared with the stability of the bifunctional photocatalyst in the absence of a magnetic field, the method improves the stability by more than 20%, and realizes the recycling utilization of CO.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with an externally applied magnetic field containing a bifunctional photocatalyst.
Wherein: 1-a housing; a 2-U-shaped reaction chamber; 3-a light source; 4-a magnetic field generator; 5-bifunctional photocatalysts; 6-air inlet; 7-air outlet.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
Example 1
The method for purifying the reductive tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of a bifunctional photocatalyst (TiO 2 La-Fe-K catalyst) for standby;
TiO 2 the preparation method of the La-Fe-K catalyst is a sol-gel method, and specifically comprises the following steps: dispersing first 4mL TBOT into 100mL ethanol, stirring until the mixture becomes transparent; then 0.15g La (NO) was added with the aid of strong magnetic stirring 3 ·6H 2 O、0.2g Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O and0.1g KNO 3 stirring for 10min, adding 28wt% ammonia water 5mL, deionized water 10mL and absolute ethanol 10mL, continuously reacting at room temperature for 24h, and washing the obtained product with ethanol; finally calcining the reaction product at 800 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain TiO 2 La-Fe-K catalyst;
(2) Introducing the reduced tail gas at 20deg.C into a catalyst (TiO) with dual functions as shown in figure 1 2 A La-Fe-K catalyst) and an externally-applied magnetic field;
specifically, the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with the external magnetic field of the bifunctional photocatalyst comprises a shell 1, a U-shaped reaction chamber 2, a light source 3, a magnetic field generator 4, the bifunctional photocatalyst 5, an air inlet 6 and an air outlet 7; wherein, the shell 1 is wrapped outside the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the light source 3 is arranged between two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the magnetic field generator 4 is arranged outside the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the dual-function photocatalyst 5 is arranged inside the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, and the air inlet 6 and the air outlet 7 are respectively arranged at the tail ends of the two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2;
at the inlet 6, the pH of the reducing exhaust gas 3 At a concentration of 10mg/Nm 3 ，H 2 S concentration is 10mg/Nm 3 COS concentration of 10mg/Nm 3 ，CS 2 At a concentration of 20mg/Nm 3 HCN concentration is 100mg/Nm 3 CO accounts for 90% of the total gas of the reducing tail gas; the reaction temperature is 20 ℃; the magnet of the magnetic field generator 4 is a permanent magnet, and the magnetic field strength is 10mT; the light source 3 is an ultraviolet lamp, the wavelength is 253.7nm, and the power is 9W;
(3) Electrons in the valence band (e) on the bifunctional photocatalyst under ultraviolet irradiation - ) Will be excited to the conduction band and the valence band will generate holes (h + ) Thereby generating a hole-electron pair with high activity on the surface of the bifunctional photocatalyst, and generating OH and O by reacting with water molecules around the bifunctional photocatalyst, internal combined oxygen and surface adsorption oxygen 2 - Strong oxidizing substances such as OOH to oxidize HCN and PH 3 And H 2 S generates photocatalysis reaction to generate phosphide and N 2 、H 2 O, sulfide or elemental sulfur, further byThe device is thoroughly purified;
(4) HCN, COS and CS in reducing tail gas 2 With H in the reducing tail gas 2 O undergoes catalytic hydrolysis reaction and is converted into CO and N after the reaction 2 、H 2 S and CO 2 ；
(5) H generated in the course of photocatalytic reaction 2 Part of O participates in catalytic hydrolysis reaction, and the rest part H 2 O is oxidized into OH by hole under the illumination condition and reacts with H generated in the process of catalytic hydrolysis reaction 2 S continues to participate in the photocatalytic reaction to realize virtuous circle;
according to Faraday principle, magnetized ions are converted into more regular movements consistent with the set magnetic field direction, and the recombination of photo-generated electron hole pairs is inhibited, so that the removal rate is further improved.
Example 2
The method for purifying the reductive tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a bi-functional photocatalyst (Fe-Co/BiOI catalyst) with magnetic response and optical response for standby;
the preparation method of the Fe-Co/BiOI catalyst is an impregnation method, and specifically comprises the following steps: weighing 0.56g of ferric nitrate and 0.48g of cobalt nitrate, dissolving in 30mL of deionized water, adding 1.5g of BiOI, placing in a magnetic stirrer, stirring at 30 ℃ for 2 hours, standing overnight, transferring to a round-bottom flask, and spin-evaporating at 60 ℃ until the water is completely evaporated to dryness by using a rotary evaporator to obtain catalyst precursor powder; drying the catalyst precursor powder in a drying oven at 110 ℃ for 10 hours, then roasting in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min to 800 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the Fe-Co/BiOI catalyst;
(2) Introducing the reducing tail gas at 20 ℃ into a gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with an external magnetic field, wherein the external magnetic field is provided with a bifunctional photocatalyst (Fe-Co/BiOI catalyst) as shown in figure 1;
specifically, the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with the external magnetic field of the bifunctional photocatalyst comprises a shell 1, a U-shaped reaction chamber 2, a light source 3, a magnetic field generator 4, the bifunctional photocatalyst 5, an air inlet 6 and an air outlet 7; wherein, the shell 1 is wrapped outside the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the light source 3 is arranged between two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the magnetic field generator 4 is arranged outside the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the dual-function photocatalyst 5 is arranged inside the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, and the air inlet 6 and the air outlet 7 are respectively arranged at the tail ends of the two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2;
at the inlet 6, the pH of the reducing exhaust gas 3 The concentration was 400mg/Nm 3 ，H 2 S concentration is 350mg/Nm 3 COS concentration of 350mg/Nm 3 ，CS 2 At a concentration of 20mg/Nm 3 HCN concentration is 210mg/Nm 3 CO accounts for 90% of the total gas of the reducing tail gas; the reaction temperature is 45 ℃; the magnet of the magnetic field generator 4 is a permanent magnet, and the magnetic field strength is 75mT; the light source 3 is an ultraviolet lamp, the wavelength is 253.7nm, and the power is 9W;
(3) Electrons in the valence band (e) on the bifunctional photocatalyst under ultraviolet irradiation - ) Will be excited to the conduction band and the valence band will generate holes (h + ) Thereby generating a hole-electron pair with high activity on the surface of the bifunctional photocatalyst, and generating OH and O by reacting with water molecules around the bifunctional photocatalyst, internal combined oxygen and surface adsorption oxygen 2 - Strong oxidizing substances such as OOH to oxidize HCN and PH 3 And H 2 S generates photocatalysis reaction to generate phosphide and N 2 、H 2 O, sulfide or elemental sulfur are further thoroughly purified by the existing device;
(4) HCN, COS and CS in reducing tail gas 2 With H in the reducing tail gas 2 O undergoes catalytic hydrolysis reaction and is converted into CO and N after the reaction 2 、H 2 S and CO 2 ；
(5) H generated in the course of photocatalytic reaction 2 Part of O participates in catalytic hydrolysis reaction, and the rest part H 2 O is oxidized into OH by hole under the illumination condition and reacts with H generated in the process of catalytic hydrolysis reaction 2 S continues to participate in the photocatalytic reaction to realize virtuous circle;
according to Faraday principle, magnetized ions are converted into more regular movements consistent with the set magnetic field direction, and the recombination of photo-generated electron hole pairs is inhibited, so that the removal rate is further improved.
Example 3
The method for purifying the reductive tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of a bifunctional photocatalyst (Ag-GO-Bi) with magnetic and photo-response 2 O 2 CO 3 Catalyst) for standby;
Ag-GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 the preparation method of the catalyst is a hydrothermal method, and specifically comprises the following steps: dispersing 0.05g of graphene oxide in 30mL of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 1h to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquid for later use; then 3g Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O is dissolved in 8mL HNO with concentration of 1mol/L 3 In the solution, the solution is marked as A solution; 5g Na was added to 50mL deionized water 2 CO 3 And 0.5g CTAB, designated as liquid B; respectively stirring the solution A and the solution B until the solution A is clear, and dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A to obtain Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 A suspension; bi is then added 2 O 2 CO 3 The suspension and graphene oxide dispersion were mixed and stirred for 1h, and 30mL of Na having a mass of 1mmol was added thereto 2 WO 4 Stirring for 1 hr, transferring the obtained suspension into autoclave, maintaining at 180deg.C for 15 hr, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to collect precipitate, washing with deionized water, and oven drying at 80deg.C for 5 hr to obtain GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Proper amount of GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 Dispersing into 40mL deionized water, adding a certain amount of AgNO 3 Stirring the aqueous solution for 1h, transferring to an autoclave, maintaining at 180deg.C for 15h, filtering, washing, and drying at 60deg.C for 5h to obtain Ag-GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 A catalyst;
(2) Introducing the reduced tail gas at 20deg.C into a catalyst (Ag-GO-Bi) containing bifunctional photocatalyst shown in figure 1 2 O 2 CO 3 Catalyst) in the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with an externally applied magnetic field;
specifically, the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with the external magnetic field of the bifunctional photocatalyst comprises a shell 1, a U-shaped reaction chamber 2, a light source 3, a magnetic field generator 4, the bifunctional photocatalyst 5, an air inlet 6 and an air outlet 7; wherein, the shell 1 is wrapped outside the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the light source 3 is arranged between two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the magnetic field generator 4 is arranged outside the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the dual-function photocatalyst 5 is arranged inside the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, and the air inlet 6 and the air outlet 7 are respectively arranged at the tail ends of the two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2;
at the inlet 6, the pH of the reducing exhaust gas 3 The concentration was 810mg/Nm 3 ，H 2 S concentration is 700mg/Nm 3 COS concentration of 680mg/Nm 3 ，CS 2 The concentration was 120mg/Nm 3 HCN concentration is 320mg/Nm 3 CO accounts for 90% of the total gas of the reducing tail gas; the reaction temperature is 70 ℃; the magnet of the magnetic field generator 4 is a permanent magnet, and the magnetic field strength is 10mT; the light source 3 is a visible light lamp with the wavelength of 500nm;
(3) Electrons in the valence band (e) on the bifunctional photocatalyst under irradiation with visible light - ) Will be excited to the conduction band and the valence band will generate holes (h + ) Thereby generating a hole-electron pair with high activity on the surface of the bifunctional photocatalyst, and generating OH and O by reacting with water molecules around the bifunctional photocatalyst, internal combined oxygen and surface adsorption oxygen 2 - Strong oxidizing substances such as OOH to oxidize HCN and PH 3 And H 2 S generates photocatalysis reaction to generate phosphide and N 2 、H 2 O, sulfide or elemental sulfur are further thoroughly purified by the existing device;
(4) HCN, COS and CS in reducing tail gas 2 With H in the reducing tail gas 2 O undergoes catalytic hydrolysis reaction and is converted into CO and N after the reaction 2 、H 2 S and CO 2 ；
(5) H generated in the course of photocatalytic reaction 2 Part of O participates in catalytic hydrolysis reaction, and the rest part H 2 O is oxidized into OH by hole under the illumination condition and reacts with H generated in the process of catalytic hydrolysis reaction 2 S continues to participate in the photocatalytic reaction to realize virtuous circle;
according to Faraday principle, magnetized ions are converted into more regular movements consistent with the set magnetic field direction, and the recombination of photo-generated electron hole pairs is inhibited, so that the removal rate is further improved.
Example 4
The method for purifying the reductive tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of a bifunctional photocatalyst (Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 Catalyst) for standby;
Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 the preparation method of the catalyst is a coprecipitation method, and specifically comprises the following steps: 2.7Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O is dissolved in 5mL HNO with concentration of 1mol/L 3 In the solution, the solution is marked as a C solution; then 0.59g of Fe was added to the solution C 3 O 4 Powder, 0.76g of Al 2 O 3 Mixing the powder with 7mL ammonia water, stirring at 30deg.C for 30min, and evaporating the obtained suspension to dry the solvent at 60deg.C to obtain Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 A catalyst;
(2) The reduced exhaust gas at 20℃was introduced into a catalyst (Bi) having a bifunctional photocatalyst (Bi) as shown in FIG. 1 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 Catalyst) in the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with an externally applied magnetic field;
specifically, the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with the external magnetic field of the bifunctional photocatalyst comprises a shell 1, a U-shaped reaction chamber 2, a light source 3, a magnetic field generator 4, the bifunctional photocatalyst 5, an air inlet 6 and an air outlet 7; wherein, the shell 1 is wrapped outside the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the light source 3 is arranged between two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the magnetic field generator 4 is arranged outside the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, the dual-function photocatalyst is arranged 5 inside the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2, and the air inlet 6 and the air outlet 7 are respectively arranged at the tail ends of the two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber 2;
at the inlet 6, the pH of the reducing exhaust gas 3 The concentration is1200mg/Nm 3 ，H 2 S concentration is 1100mg/Nm 3 COS concentration of 1000mg/Nm 3 ，CS 2 At a concentration of 180mg/Nm 3 HCN concentration is 450mg/Nm 3 CO accounts for 90% of the total gas of the reducing tail gas; the reaction temperature is 100 ℃; the magnet of the magnetic field generator 4 is a permanent magnet, and the magnetic field strength is 200mT; the light source 3 is a visible light lamp with the wavelength of 500nm;
(3) Electrons in the valence band (e) on the bifunctional photocatalyst under irradiation with visible light - ) Will be excited to the conduction band and the valence band will generate holes (h + ) Thereby generating a hole-electron pair with high activity on the surface of the bifunctional photocatalyst, and generating OH and O by reacting with water molecules around the bifunctional photocatalyst, internal combined oxygen and surface adsorption oxygen 2 - Strong oxidizing substances such as OOH to oxidize HCN and PH 3 And H 2 S generates photocatalysis reaction to generate phosphide and N 2 、H 2 O, sulfide or elemental sulfur are further thoroughly purified by the existing device;
(4) HCN, COS and CS in reducing tail gas 2 With H in the reducing tail gas 2 O undergoes catalytic hydrolysis reaction and is converted into CO and N after the reaction 2 、H 2 S and CO 2 ；
(5) H generated in the course of photocatalytic reaction 2 Part of O participates in catalytic hydrolysis reaction, and the rest part H 2 O is oxidized into OH by hole under the illumination condition and reacts with H generated in the process of catalytic hydrolysis reaction 2 S continues to participate in the photocatalytic reaction to realize virtuous circle;
according to Faraday principle, magnetized ions are converted into more regular movements consistent with the set magnetic field direction, and the recombination of photo-generated electron hole pairs is inhibited, so that the removal rate is further improved.
Performance testing
The reducing exhaust gas was purified according to the methods of examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the pH at the gas inlet and the gas outlet was counted, respectively 3 Concentration, H 2 S concentration, COS concentration, CS 2 Concentration and HCN concentration, and the oxidation rate of CO was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1。
TABLE 1 statistics of inlet and outlet pollutant concentrations
As is clear from Table 1, the method of examples 1 to 4 of the present invention can almost completely purify the pH of the reducing exhaust gas 3 、H 2 S、COS、CS 2 And HCN, and the oxidation rate of CO is less than 0.1%.
The experiment shows that the invention combines photocatalysis and magnetic field, and can remove various pollutants in the reducing tail gas.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. The method for purifying the reducing tail gas by magnetic field-photocatalysis multi-effect coupling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing a dual-function photocatalyst with magnetic response and optical response for later use;
the bifunctional photocatalyst is TiO 2 La-Fe-K catalyst, fe-Co/BiOX catalyst, ag-GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 Catalysts or Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 A catalyst;
(2) Introducing the reducing tail gas into a gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with an external magnetic field of a bifunctional photocatalyst;
the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with the external magnetic field of the bifunctional photocatalyst comprises a shell, a U-shaped reaction chamber, a light source, a magnetic field generator, the bifunctional photocatalyst, an air inlet and an air outlet;
the shell is wrapped on the outer side of the U-shaped reaction chamber, the light source is arranged between two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber, the magnetic field generator is arranged on the outer side of the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber, the dual-function photocatalyst is arranged on the inner side of the vertical pipe of the U-shaped reaction chamber, and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively arranged at the tail ends of the two vertical pipes of the U-shaped reaction chamber;
the light source is an ultraviolet lamp or a visible light lamp, the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 200-300nm, and the wavelength of the visible light lamp is 400-700nm;
the magnet of the magnetic field generator is a permanent magnet, and the magnetic field strength is 10-130mT; the range of the magnet wrapping is 1/4-1 of the reaction part;
PH at the inlet 3 The concentration is 10-1200mg/m 3 ，H 2 S concentration is 10-1100mg/m 3 COS concentration of 10-1000mg/m 3 ，CS 2 The concentration is 20-180mg/m 3 HCN concentration is 100-450mg/m 3 CO accounts for 90% of the total gas volume of the reducing tail gas;
the pollutant concentration at the air outlet is less than 5mg/m 3 The oxidation rate of CO is less than 0.1%;
the temperature of the gas-solid photocatalytic reaction device with the external magnetic field of the bifunctional photocatalyst is 20-100 ℃;
(3) Under illumination conditions, electrons in the valence band (e) - ) Will be excited to the conduction band and the valence band will generate holes (h + ) Thereby generating a hole-electron pair with high activity on the surface of the bifunctional photocatalyst, and generating a strong oxidizing substance by reacting with water molecules around the bifunctional photocatalyst, internal combined oxygen and surface adsorption oxygen, thereby oxidizing HCN and PH 3 And H 2 S generates photocatalysis reaction to generate phosphide and N 2 、H 2 O, sulfide or elemental sulfur are further thoroughly purified by the existing device;
(4) HCN, COS and CS in reducing tail gas 2 And in the reducing tail gasH of (2) 2 O undergoes catalytic hydrolysis reaction and is converted into CO and N after the reaction 2 、H 2 S and CO 2 ；
(5) H generated in the course of photocatalytic reaction 2 Part of O participates in catalytic hydrolysis reaction, and the rest part H 2 O is oxidized into OH by hole under the illumination condition and reacts with H generated in the process of catalytic hydrolysis reaction 2 S continues to participate in the photocatalysis reaction, thus realizing virtuous circle.
2. The method for purifying reducing exhaust gas by magnetic field-photocatalytic multi-effect coupling according to claim 1, wherein said TiO 2 The preparation method of the La-Fe-K catalyst is a sol-gel method, and specifically comprises the following steps: dispersing 2-8mL TBOT into 100-300mL ethanol, and stirring until the mixture becomes transparent; then adding 0.1-0.5g La (NO) with the aid of strong magnetic stirring 3 ·6H 2 O、0.1-0.5gFe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O and 0.1-0.5g KNO 3 Stirring for 5-30min, adding 2-10mL of 28wt% ammonia water, 5-30mL of deionized water and 5-30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, continuously reacting at room temperature for 24h, and washing the obtained reaction product with ethanol; finally calcining the reaction product at 800 ℃ for 2-5h to obtain the TiO 2 La-Fe-K catalyst;
the preparation method of the Fe-Co/BiOX catalyst is an impregnation method, and specifically comprises the following steps: weighing a certain amount of ferric nitrate and cobalt nitrate according to a stoichiometric ratio, dissolving in deionized water, adding a proper amount of BiOX, placing in a magnetic stirrer, stirring for 2-5h at 30-50 ℃, standing overnight, transferring to a round bottom flask, and spin-steaming at 40-80 ℃ until the water is completely evaporated to dryness by using a rotary evaporator to obtain catalyst precursor powder; then placing the catalyst precursor powder into a drying oven to be dried for 10-15 hours at 90-130 ℃, then heating to 600-900 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min to be roasted for 2-5 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the Fe-Co/BiOX catalyst;
the Ag-GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 The preparation method of the catalyst is a hydrothermal method, and specifically comprises the following steps: dispersing 0.01-0.1g of graphene oxide in 10-50mL of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 1-3h to obtain graphene oxide dispersion liquidStandby; then 2.5-5g Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O is dissolved in 5-10mL HNO with concentration of 1mol/L 3 In the solution, the solution is marked as A solution; adding 4.5-9g Na into 45-90mL deionized water 2 CO 3 And 0.5-1.0g CTAB, designated as liquid B; respectively stirring the solution A and the solution B until the solution A and the solution B are clear, and dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A to obtain Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 A suspension; bi is then added 2 O 2 CO 3 The suspension and the graphene oxide dispersion were mixed and stirred for 1-3 hours, and 30mL of Na having a mass of 1mmol was added thereto 2 WO 4 Stirring for 1-3 hr, transferring the obtained suspension into autoclave, maintaining at 180deg.C for 15-25 hr, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging to collect precipitate, washing with deionized water, and oven drying at 80deg.C for 5-8 hr to obtain GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Proper amount of GO-Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 Dispersing into 30-80mL deionized water, adding a certain amount of AgNO 3 Stirring the aqueous solution for 1-3h, transferring into an autoclave, maintaining at 180deg.C for 15-25h, filtering, washing, and drying at 60-100deg.C for 2-5h to obtain the final product 2 O 2 CO 3 A catalyst;
the Bi is 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 The preparation method of the catalyst is a coprecipitation method, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, 2.5-5g Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 5H2O is dissolved in 5-10mL of HNO with the concentration of 1mol/L 3 In the solution, the solution is marked as a C solution; then adding a certain amount of Fe into the solution C 3 O 4 Powder, al 2 O 3 Mixing the powder with 5-10mL ammonia water, and stirring at 30deg.C for 30min; finally evaporating the obtained suspension to dryness at 60-80 ℃ to obtain the Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 3 O 4 -Al 2 O 3 A catalyst.
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