CN113851321A - Smelting process for machining sintered neodymium-iron-boron workpiece - Google Patents
Smelting process for machining sintered neodymium-iron-boron workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN113851321A CN113851321A CN202111205300.XA CN202111205300A CN113851321A CN 113851321 A CN113851321 A CN 113851321A CN 202111205300 A CN202111205300 A CN 202111205300A CN 113851321 A CN113851321 A CN 113851321A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0573—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes obtained by reduction or by hydrogen decrepitation or embrittlement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
- H01F13/003—Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0286—Trimming
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting process for processing a sintered neodymium-iron-boron workpiece, which comprises the following steps: proportioning and preparing tools for use; the ingredients are put into a vacuum melting and sheet casting furnace for high-temperature melting, the melted liquid materials enter a forming groove of an ingot making box, and a workpiece is crushed by a hydrogen explosion method; the powder is required to be pressed and formed; vacuumizing the vacuum melting and casting furnace by using a vacuumizing machine, and then starting to inject inert gas; releasing the uniform pressure to the object successively to gradually reduce the density of the product to reach the preset requirement; removing the static pressed product package for sintering; and (3) feeding the sintered blank material to a grinding machine, performing linear cutting, slicing and electroplating according to requirements. The process for smelting, processing and sintering the neodymium iron boron workpiece is clear and definite in arrangement, the neodymium iron boron workpiece is convenient to smelt, prepare powder and press and form, the workpiece is more refined through multiple tempering and sintering, the strength of the workpiece is enhanced, and the workpiece is more durable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to sintered neodymium iron boron, in particular to a smelting process for machining a sintered neodymium iron boron workpiece.
Background
In a broad sense, all materials that can be magnetized by a magnetic field and that mainly use magnetic characteristics of the material in practical use are magnetic materials. The material comprises a hard magnetic material, a soft magnetic material, a semi-hard magnetic material, a magnetostrictive material, a magneto-optical material, a bubble material, a magnetic refrigeration material and the like, wherein the hard magnetic material and the soft magnetic material are used in the largest amount. The main differences between hard magnetic materials and soft magnetic materials are that the hard magnetic materials have high anisotropy field, high coercive force, large hysteresis loop area, and large magnetic field required for technical magnetization to saturation. Because the coercive force of the soft magnetic material is low, the soft magnetic material is easy to demagnetize after being technically magnetized to saturation and an external magnetic field is removed, and because the coercive force of the hard magnetic material is high, the hard magnetic material still keeps strong magnetism for a long time after being technically magnetized to saturation and the magnetic field is removed, the hard magnetic material is also called as a permanent magnetic material or a constant magnetic material. In ancient times, people ground natural magnetite in ore into a required shape for guiding or attracting iron devices, and a compass is one of four inventions in ancient times in China and makes an important contribution to human civilization and social progress. Nowadays, the research and application of magnetic materials are incomparable in breadth or depth, and the development and application of various high-performance magnetic materials, especially rare earth permanent magnetic materials, play a great role in promoting the development of modern industry and high and new technology industry. The sintering of the sintered neodymium iron boron refers to a process of heating a green body to a temperature below the melting point of a powder matrix phase and holding the temperature for a period of time in order to further improve the performance and usability of the magnet, improve the contact property between powders, improve the strength and enable the magnet to have high-performance microstructure characteristics.
Sintering is an extremely important process, and all manufacturers and extensive researchers pay great attention to the sintering process. The NdFeB powder compact has a relative density of 50-70% and a porosity of 30-50%, and all the bonds between particles are mechanical bonds, so that the bonding strength is extremely low. If the forming pressure is very high, some of the particles which have been in contact with one another already undergo elastic or plastic deformation, in which case the sample is relatively easy to split and its microstructure is not sufficient to produce high magnetic properties.
However, the sintered nd-fe-b workpiece in the prior art is too single in processing setting and is not firm and firm in processing, so that the sintered nd-fe-b workpiece is easily abraded and broken in the using process, is difficult to use for a long time, needs to be continuously replaced with a new workpiece, and causes higher use cost and maintenance cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smelting process for processing a sintered neodymium-iron-boron workpiece, and aims to solve the problems that the sintered neodymium-iron-boron workpiece in the prior art is too single in processing arrangement and not firm in processing, so that the sintered neodymium-iron-boron workpiece is easily abraded and broken in the using process, is difficult to use for a long time, needs to be continuously replaced by a new workpiece, and is high in use cost and maintenance cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a smelting process for processing a sintered NdFeB workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) proportioning according to the proportion: the materials to be prepared comprise neodymium, refined boron, copper, aluminum, niobium, ferronickel and dysprosium;
(2) ready to use tool: the device comprises a vacuum melting sheet casting furnace, a traveling crane, a raw material vehicle, a lifting appliance, an iron hammer, an iron clamp, a dust collector, an auxiliary lighting tool, a slag barrel, a stopwatch, a thermocouple, nitrogen, argon, gloves, a dust mask and sponge;
(3) smelting and ingot making: the ingredients are put into a vacuum melting and sheet casting furnace for high-temperature melting, and the melted liquid materials enter a forming groove of an ingot making box for cooling and forming;
(4) milling: crushing a workpiece by using a hydrogen explosion method, putting the neodymium-iron-boron alloy in a hydrogen environment by using the hydrogen absorption characteristic of a rare earth intermetallic compound, enabling hydrogen to enter the alloy along a neodymium phase thin layer, expanding, bursting and crushing the alloy, and cracking along a neodymium-rich phase layer, so that a sheet is changed into coarse powder;
(5) profiling: the powder is required to be pressed and formed;
(6) sintering and tempering: vacuumizing the vacuum melting and casting furnace by using a vacuumizing machine, then starting to inject inert gas until the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 140-190 ℃, then starting tempering and heating to 860-950 ℃, after 4 hours of tempering and sintering, injecting inert gas again to cool the furnace to 160-100-;
(7) isostatic pressing: releasing the uniform pressure to the object successively to gradually reduce the density of the product to reach the preset requirement;
(8) oil stripping: removing the static pressed product package for sintering;
(9) grinding, cutting and electroplating: and (3) feeding the sintered blank material to a grinding machine, performing linear cutting, slicing, electroplating, and finally magnetizing and packaging.
As a further technology, 29-32.5% of rare metal neodymium, 63.95-68.65% of Taiyuan iron, 1.1-1.2% of non-metal element refined boron, 0.6-1.2% of small amount of added dysprosium, 0.3-0.5% of niobium, 0.3-0.5% of aluminum and 0.05-0.15% of copper are arranged in the main ingredient proportion in the step (1).
As a further technology, the taiyuan iron adopted in the step (1) needs to be cut off and polished before weighing, so that the weighing is more accurate, and impurities are reduced.
As a further technology, the vacuum melting and sheet casting furnace adopted in the step (2) comprises a power supply cabinet, a furnace body, a water-cooling cable and a speed reducer.
As a further technology, the hydrogen crushing work in the step (4) can involve a hydrogen crushing furnace, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon and an electric fan, and the hydrogen crushing furnace is a YS200 type hydrogen crushing furnace.
As a further technology, an automatic magnetic field forming press, an automatic powder weighing machine, a magnetic column and a handle pressing machine are adopted in the step (5).
As a further technology, a cold isostatic press is adopted in the step (7), and the cold isostatic press is an isostatic press of model LDJ 320/1500-.
As a further technology, the operation flow of the step (8) comprises bag cutting, packaging bag peeling, inner film peeling and basin swinging, and in the operation process of the step (8), an oxygen measuring instrument is observed at any time to ensure that the oxygen content does not exceed 0.05 percent.
As a further technology, in the process from the step (1) to the step (9), a worker is required to detect each step, which is helpful for improving the processing precision and quality of the sintered NdFeB workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the iron raw material in the raw material needs to be cut off and polished, the cutting is to reduce the block head of the raw material, increase the melting area and facilitate the accelerated melting, and meanwhile, the iron material is polished to remove rust on the surface of the iron material and prevent impurities from entering the furnace body, so that the quality of the processed product is guaranteed.
2. The furnace shell of the vacuum melting casting sheet furnace used in the invention is made of non-magnetic materials, the melting furnace utilizes a medium-frequency power supply to establish a medium-frequency magnetic field, so that induced eddy current is generated in the ferromagnetic materials and the ferromagnetic materials are heated, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the materials.
3. The hydrogen crushing method mainly utilizes the hydrogen absorption characteristic of the rare earth intermetallic compound, the neodymium-iron-boron alloy is placed in a hydrogen environment, hydrogen enters the alloy along a neodymium phase thin layer, the alloy is expanded, cracked and crushed along the neodymium-rich phase layer, and therefore the thin sheet is changed into coarse powder.
4. In the invention, the magnetic powder is magnetized in the process of compression molding, the Tesla probe is required to be placed in the middle of the magnetic pole and is not contacted with any object, and meanwhile, when the charging barrel is disassembled, the valve at the feeding port is required to be closed first, and the nitrogen in the charging barrel is required to be discharged when the charging barrel is replaced, so that the magnetic powder is prevented from being sprayed to a human body during discharging, and the processing is safer and more reliable.
5. The isostatic pressure is set by adopting the Pascal law that the pressure of the medium in the closed container can be transmitted to all directions equally. Specifically, after the pressed product is loaded into the equipment, the product is subjected to the action of the ultrahigh pressure medium with equal direction, so that the density of the product is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a smelting process flow of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a smelting process for processing a sintered neodymium-iron-boron workpiece includes the following steps: proportioning according to the proportion: the materials to be prepared comprise neodymium, refined boron, copper, aluminum, niobium, ferronickel and dysprosium; ready to use tool: the device comprises a vacuum melting sheet casting furnace, a traveling crane, a raw material vehicle, a lifting appliance, an iron hammer, an iron clamp, a dust collector, an auxiliary lighting tool, a slag barrel, a stopwatch, a thermocouple, nitrogen, argon, gloves, a dust mask and sponge; smelting and ingot making: the ingredients are put into a vacuum melting and sheet casting furnace for high-temperature melting, and the melted liquid materials enter a forming groove of an ingot making box for cooling and forming; milling: crushing a workpiece by using a hydrogen explosion method, putting the neodymium-iron-boron alloy in a hydrogen environment by using the hydrogen absorption characteristic of a rare earth intermetallic compound, enabling hydrogen to enter the alloy along a neodymium phase thin layer, expanding, bursting and crushing the alloy, and cracking along a neodymium-rich phase layer, so that a sheet is changed into coarse powder; profiling: the powder is required to be pressed and formed; sintering and tempering: vacuumizing the vacuum melting and casting furnace by using a vacuumizing machine, then starting to inject inert gas until the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 140-190 ℃, then starting tempering and heating to 860-950 ℃, after 4 hours of tempering and sintering, injecting inert gas again to cool the furnace to 160-100-; isostatic pressing: releasing the uniform pressure to the object successively to gradually reduce the density of the product to reach the preset requirement; oil stripping: removing the static pressed product package for sintering; grinding, cutting and electroplating: and (3) feeding the sintered blank material to a grinding machine, performing linear cutting, slicing, electroplating, and finally magnetizing and packaging.
When the smelting process for processing the sintered neodymium-iron-boron workpiece is used, firstly, metal raw materials are weighed according to smelting amount, a mask and gloves are worn in the operation process to avoid contact with metal powder, a protective garment is worn by workers when tools to be used are continuously prepared after the materials are prepared, heat insulation and scalding are avoided, the raw materials are put into a vacuum smelting sheet casting furnace to be smelted to form liquid-phase raw materials after being smelted for a certain time, the liquid-phase raw materials are poured into a die groove to be cooled and formed, then, the workpiece is crushed into powder by using a hydrogen explosion method, then, the powder is pressed and formed, then, tempering and sintering are carried out in the vacuum smelting sheet casting furnace, uniform pressure is released to an object to gradually reduce the density of the product to reach a preset requirement, then, the product which is subjected to static pressure is packaged and removed for sintering, and finally, the sintered blank material is put on a grinding machine according to requirements, Wire cutting, slicing and electroplating, and finally magnetizing and packaging.
In the embodiment, 29-32.5% of rare-earth metal neodymium, 63.95-68.65% of Taiyuan iron, 1.1-1.2% of non-metal element refined boron, 0.6-1.2% of a small amount of added dysprosium, 0.3-0.5% of niobium, 0.3-0.5% of aluminum and 0.05-0.15% of copper are arranged in the main ingredient proportion in the step (1).
In the embodiment, the taiyuan iron adopted in the step (1) needs to be cut off and polished before being weighed, so that the weighing is more accurate, and impurities are reduced.
In the present invention, the iron raw material in the raw material needs to be cut and polished, the cutting is to reduce the lump head of the raw material, increase the melting area, and facilitate the accelerated melting, and the iron material is polished to remove the rust on the surface of the iron material, so as to prevent the impurities from entering the furnace body, thereby ensuring the quality of the processed product.
In the embodiment, the vacuum melting and casting furnace adopted in the step (2) comprises a power supply cabinet, a furnace body, a water-cooling cable and a speed reducer.
In the third embodiment, the furnace shell of the vacuum melting and sheet casting furnace used in the present invention is made of a non-magnetic material, and the melting furnace uses an intermediate frequency power supply to establish an intermediate frequency magnetic field, so that induced eddy currents are generated inside ferromagnetic materials and heat is generated, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the materials.
In an embodiment, the hydrogen crushing work in the step (4) involves a hydrogen crushing furnace, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon and an electric fan, and the hydrogen crushing furnace is a YS200 type hydrogen crushing furnace.
In the hydrogen crushing method, the neodymium-iron-boron alloy is placed in a hydrogen environment by mainly utilizing the hydrogen absorption characteristic of the rare earth intermetallic compound, and hydrogen enters the alloy along the neodymium phase thin layer to expand, burst and crush the alloy and crack along the neodymium-rich phase layer, so that the thin sheet is changed into coarse powder.
In the embodiment, the step (5) adopts an automatic magnetic field forming press, an automatic powder weighing machine, a magnetic column and a handle pressing machine.
In the invention, the compression molding process is magnetized, the teskala probe needs to be placed in the middle of the magnetic pole and does not contact with any object, and meanwhile, when the charging barrel is disassembled, the valve at the feeding port needs to be closed first, the nitrogen in the charging barrel needs to be discharged when the charging barrel is replaced, thereby avoiding the magnetic powder from being sprayed to a human body during discharging, and ensuring that the charging barrel is safer and more reliable in processing.
In the embodiment, the isostatic cool press is used in the step (7), and the isostatic cool press is selected from the isostatic cool press of model LDJ320/1500-300 YS.
Sixth embodiment, which further defines the first embodiment, the isostatic pressing is provided according to the invention by using pascal's law that the pressure of the medium in the closed container can be transmitted equally in all directions. Specifically, after the pressed product is loaded into the equipment, the product is subjected to the action of the ultrahigh pressure medium with equal direction, so that the density of the product is increased.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A smelting process for processing a sintered NdFeB workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) proportioning according to the proportion: the materials to be prepared comprise neodymium, refined boron, copper, aluminum, niobium, ferronickel and dysprosium;
(2) ready to use tool: the device comprises a vacuum melting sheet casting furnace, a traveling crane, a raw material vehicle, a lifting appliance, an iron hammer, an iron clamp, a dust collector, an auxiliary lighting tool, a slag barrel, a stopwatch, a thermocouple, nitrogen, argon, gloves, a dust mask and sponge;
(3) smelting and ingot making: the ingredients are put into a vacuum melting and sheet casting furnace for high-temperature melting, and the melted liquid materials enter a forming groove of an ingot making box for cooling and forming;
(4) milling: crushing a workpiece by using a hydrogen explosion method, putting the neodymium-iron-boron alloy in a hydrogen environment by using the hydrogen absorption characteristic of a rare earth intermetallic compound, enabling hydrogen to enter the alloy along a neodymium phase thin layer, expanding, bursting and crushing the alloy, and cracking along a neodymium-rich phase layer, so that a sheet is changed into coarse powder;
(5) profiling: the powder is required to be pressed and formed;
(6) sintering and tempering: vacuumizing the vacuum melting and casting furnace by using a vacuumizing machine, then starting to inject inert gas until the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 140-190 ℃, then starting tempering and heating to 860-950 ℃, after 4 hours of tempering and sintering, injecting inert gas again to cool the furnace to 160-100-;
(7) isostatic pressing: releasing the uniform pressure to the object successively to gradually reduce the density of the product to reach the preset requirement;
(8) oil stripping: removing the static pressed product package for sintering;
(9) grinding, cutting and electroplating: and (3) feeding the sintered blank material to a grinding machine, performing linear cutting, slicing, electroplating, and finally magnetizing and packaging.
2. The smelting process for machining the sintered NdFeB workpiece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), 29-32.5% of rare metal neodymium, 63.95-68.65% of taiyuan iron, 1.1-1.2% of non-metal element refined boron, 0.6-1.2% of a small amount of added dysprosium, 0.3-0.5% of niobium, 0.3-0.5% of aluminum and 0.05-0.15% of copper are arranged according to the main ingredient proportion.
3. The smelting process for machining the sintered NdFeB workpiece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before weighing, the taiyuan iron adopted in the step (1) needs to be cut off and polished, so that the weighing is more accurate, and impurities are reduced.
4. The smelting process for machining the sintered NdFeB workpiece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the vacuum melting and sheet casting furnace adopted in the step (2) comprises a power supply cabinet, a furnace body, a water-cooling cable and a speed reducer.
5. The smelting process for machining the sintered NdFeB workpiece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) performing hydrogen crushing work in the step (4) by using a hydrogen crushing furnace, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon and an electric fan, wherein the hydrogen crushing furnace is a YS200 type hydrogen crushing furnace.
6. The smelting process for machining the sintered NdFeB workpiece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (5) adopting an automatic magnetic field forming press, an automatic powder weighing machine, a magnetic column and a handle pressing machine.
7. The smelting process for machining the sintered NdFeB workpiece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (7) adopting a cold isostatic press, wherein the cold isostatic press is an isostatic press of the model LDJ320/1500-300 YS.
8. The smelting process for machining the sintered NdFeB workpiece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the operation flow of the step (8) comprises bag shearing, packaging bag peeling, inner film peeling and basin swinging, and in the operation process of the step (8), the oxygen measuring instrument is observed at any time to ensure that the oxygen content does not exceed 0.05 percent.
9. The smelting process for machining the sintered NdFeB workpiece according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the process from the step (1) to the step (9) requires a worker to detect each step, and the precision and the quality of the sintered neodymium iron boron workpiece processing are improved.
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| CN114613590A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-10 | 北矿磁材（阜阳）有限公司 | Preparation method of high-remanence rare earth permanent magnetic material |
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